Hyoscyamine (BioDeep_00000000486)

Main id: BioDeep_00000000748

 

human metabolite PANOMIX_OTCML-2023 blood metabolite


代谢物信息卡片


BENZENEACETIC ACID, .ALPHA.-(HYDROXYMETHYL)-, (3-ENDO)-8-METHYL-8-AZABICYCLO(3.2.1)OCT-3-YL ESTER, (.ALPHA.S)-

化学式: C17H23NO3 (289.1677848)
中文名称: L-天仙子胺, L-莨菪碱, 莨菪碱, 菱胺
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 () 0%

分子结构信息

SMILES: CN1C2CCC1CC(C2)OC(=O)C(CO)C3=CC=CC=C3
InChI: InChI=1S/C17H23NO3/c1-18-13-7-8-14(18)10-15(9-13)21-17(20)16(11-19)12-5-3-2-4-6-12/h2-6,13-16,19H,7-11H2,1H3/t13-,14+,15+,16-/m1/s1

描述信息

(S)-atropine is an atropine with a 2S-configuration. It is functionally related to a (S)-tropic acid. It is a conjugate base of a (S)-atropinium.
Hyoscyamine is a tropane alkaloid and the levo-isomer of [atropine]. It is commonly extracted from plants in the Solanaceae or nightshade family. Research into the action of hyoscyamine in published literature dates back to 1826. Hyoscyamine is used for a wide variety of treatments and therapeutics due to its antimuscarinic properties. Although hyoscyamine is marketed in the United States, it is not FDA approved.
Hyoscyamine as a natural plant alkaloid derivative and anticholinergic that is used to treat mild to moderate nausea, motion sickness, hyperactive bladder and allergic rhinitis. Hyoscyamine has not been implicated in causing liver enzyme elevations or clinically apparent acute liver injury.
L-Hyoscyamine is a natural product found in Datura ferox, Crenidium spinescens, and other organisms with data available.
Hyoscyamine is a belladonna alkaloid derivative and the levorotatory form of racemic atropine isolated from the plants Hyoscyamus niger or Atropa belladonna, which exhibits anticholinergic activity. Hyoscyamine functions as a non-selective, competitive antagonist of muscarinic receptors, thereby inhibiting the parasympathetic activities of acetylcholine on the salivary, bronchial, and sweat glands, as well as the eye, heart, bladder, and gastrointestinal tract. These inhibitory effects cause a decrease in saliva, bronchial mucus, gastric juices, and sweat. Furthermore, its inhibitory action on smooth muscle prevents bladder contraction and decreases gastrointestinal motility.
The 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine.
Hyoscyamine is a chemical compound, a tropane alkaloid it is the levo-isomer to atropine. It is a secondary metabolite of some plants, particularly henbane (Hyoscamus niger.). Hyoscyamine is used to provide symptomatic relief to various gastrointestinal disorders including spasms, peptic ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome, pancreatitis, colic and cystitis. It has also been used to relieve some heart problems, control some of the symptoms of Parkinsons disease, as well as for control of respiratory secretions in end of life care.
A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A03 - Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders > A03B - Belladonna and derivatives, plain > A03BA - Belladonna alkaloids, tertiary amines
C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66880 - Anticholinergic Agent > C29704 - Antimuscarinic Agent
D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents > D001993 - Bronchodilator Agents
D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D010276 - Parasympatholytics
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018680 - Cholinergic Antagonists
D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D009184 - Mydriatics
D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents
CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2269
D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents
KEIO_ID H045; [MS2] KO008998
KEIO_ID H045
L-Hyoscyamine (Daturine), a natural plant tropane alkaloid, is a potent and competitive muscarinic receptor (MR) antagonist. L-Hyoscyamine is a levo-isomer to Atropine (HY-B1205)[1][2].
L-Hyoscyamine (Daturine), a natural plant tropane alkaloid, is a potent and competitive muscarinic receptor (MR) antagonist. L-Hyoscyamine is a levo-isomer to Atropine (HY-B1205)[1][2].
L-Hyoscyamine (Daturine), a natural plant tropane alkaloid, is a potent and competitive muscarinic receptor (MR) antagonist. L-Hyoscyamine is a levo-isomer to Atropine (HY-B1205)[1][2].

同义名列表

94 个代谢物同义名

BENZENEACETIC ACID, .ALPHA.-(HYDROXYMETHYL)-, (3-ENDO)-8-METHYL-8-AZABICYCLO(3.2.1)OCT-3-YL ESTER, (.ALPHA.S)-; Benzeneacetic acid, .alpha.-(hydroxymethyl)-, (3-endo)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl ester, (.alpha.S)-; Benzeneacetic acid, alpha-(hydroxymethyl)-, (3-endo)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl ester, (alphaS)-; Benzeneacetic acid, alpha-(hydroxymethyl)-, (3-endo)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo(3.2.1)oct-3-yl ester, (alphaS)-; Benzeneacetic acid, alpha-(hydroxymethyl)-, 8-methyl-8-azabicyclo(3.2.1)oct-3-yl ester, (3(S)-endo)-; Benzeneacetic acid, a-(hydroxymethyl)-, (3-endo)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl ester, (aS)-; [3(S)-endo]-alpha-(hydroxymethyl)benzeneacetic acid 8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl ester; [3(S)-endo]-Α-(hydroxymethyl)benzeneacetic acid 8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl ester; [3(S)-endo]-a-(Hydroxymethyl)benzeneacetic acid 8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl ester; [3(S)-endo]-alpha-(Hydroxymethyl)benzeneacetate 8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl ester; (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoic acid [(5R)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] ester; [3(S)-endo]-Α-(hydroxymethyl)benzeneacetate 8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl ester; [3(S)-endo]-a-(Hydroxymethyl)benzeneacetate 8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl ester; [(1S,5R)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-phenyl-propanoate; (1R,3S,5S)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate; [(1S,5R)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate; [(1S,5R)-8-methyl-8-Azabicyclo[3.2.1]Oct-3-yl] (2S)-3-Hydroxy-2-Phenyl-Propanoate; (1s,5r)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl (2s)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate; (1R,5S)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate; (3-endo)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate; (3-exo)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate; (1R,5S)-8-METHYL-8-AZABICYCLO[3.2.1]OCT-3-YL (2R)-3-HYDROXY-2-PHENYLPROPANOATE; (8-Methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)(2R)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate; 1alphaH,5alphaH-Tropan-3alpha-ol (-)-tropate (ester); tropan-3alpha-yl (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate; Tropic acid, (-)-, ester with tropine; Atropine Sulfate, 3(S)-endo-Isomer; L-TROPIC ACID ESTER WITH TROPINE; Hyoscyamine Sulfate Anhydrous; Tropine, (-)-tropate (ester); HYOSCYAMINE [USP MONOGRAPH]; RKUNBYITZUJHSG-FXUDXRNXSA-N; Atropine, 3(S)-endo-Isomer; Hyoscyamine Hydrochloride; Hyoscyamine Hydrobromide; Tropine, (-)-tropic acid; L-Tropine tropic acid; (S)-(leo)-hyoscyamine; Hyoscyamine [USP:BAN]; Tropine, (-)-tropate; HYOSCYAMINE [WHO-DD]; HYOSCYAMINUM [HPUS]; HYOSCYAMINE [MART.]; (3beta)-Hyoscyamine; Hyoscyamine Sulfate; HYOSCYAMINE [VANDF]; (S)-(-)-Hyoscyamine; HYOSCYAMINE [HSDB]; (leo)-hyoscyamine; Hyoscyamine (USP); Prestwick3_000233; Tropine-L-tropate; L-Tropine tropate; HYOSCYAMINE [MI]; (-)-Hyoscyamine; Hyoscyamine, l-; Hyoscyamine (L); UNII-PX44XO846X; l-Hyopscyamine; (-)-Hyoscyamin; Atropine, (s)-; (leo)-atropine; 1-Hyoscyamine; L-Hyoscyamine; BPBio1_000337; ENDO-ATROPINE; Symax Duotab; L-Hyoscamine; Hyoscyaminum; (-)-Atropine; (S)-Atropine; Levsinex SR; Bellafoline; Hyoscyamine; (S)atropine; l-Atropine; Hyocyamine; PX44XO846X; Duboisine; Levsin SL; Cystospaz; Daturine; Symax SR; Symax SL; Cytospaz; Anaspaz; Daturin; Hyosyne; Hyospaz; Levbid; Levsin; 2arm; HYO; OIN



数据库引用编号

50 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

PlantCyc(0)

代谢反应

0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

70 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。



文献列表

  • Yuqin Gou, Yanming Jing, Jiaxin Song, Mohammad Mahmoud Nagdy, Chao Peng, Lingjiang Zeng, Min Chen, Xiaozhong Lan, Zun Lai Lai Htun, Zhihua Liao, Yan Li. A novel bHLH gene responsive to low nitrogen positively regulates the biosynthesis of medicinal tropane alkaloids in Atropa belladonna. International journal of biological macromolecules. 2024 May; 266(Pt 1):131012. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131012. [PMID: 38522709]
  • Juan M Minoia, María E Villanueva, Guillermo J Copello, Julián Rodríguez Talou, Alejandra B Cardillo. Recycling of hyoscyamine 6β-hydroxylase for the in vitro production of anisodamine and scopolamine. Applied microbiology and biotechnology. 2023 Apr; ?(?):. doi: 10.1007/s00253-023-12537-w. [PMID: 37099059]
  • Yong-Jiang Wang, Tian Tain, Jia-Yi Yu, Jie Li, Bingyan Xu, Jianghua Chen, John C D'Auria, Jian-Ping Huang, Sheng-Xiong Huang. Genomic and structural basis for evolution of tropane alkaloid biosynthesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2023 Apr; 120(17):e2302448120. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2302448120. [PMID: 37068250]
  • Fangyuan Zhang, Fei Qiu, Junlan Zeng, Zhichao Xu, Yueli Tang, Tengfei Zhao, Yuqin Gou, Fei Su, Shiyi Wang, Xiuli Sun, Zheyong Xue, Weixing Wang, Chunxian Yang, Lingjiang Zeng, Xiaozhong Lan, Min Chen, Junhui Zhou, Zhihua Liao. Revealing evolution of tropane alkaloid biosynthesis by analyzing two genomes in the Solanaceae family. Nature communications. 2023 Mar; 14(1):1446. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-37133-4. [PMID: 36922496]
  • Tian Tian, Yong-Jiang Wang, Jian-Ping Huang, Jie Li, Bingyan Xu, Yin Chen, Li Wang, Jing Yang, Yijun Yan, Sheng-Xiong Huang. Catalytic innovation underlies independent recruitment of polyketide synthases in cocaine and hyoscyamine biosynthesis. Nature communications. 2022 08; 13(1):4994. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-32776-1. [PMID: 36008484]
  • Qiaozhuo Zhang, Mengjiao Liang, Junlan Zeng, Chunxian Yang, Jianbo Qin, Wei Qiang, Xiaozhong Lan, Min Chen, Min Lin, Zhihua Liao. Engineering tropane alkaloid production and glyphosate resistance by overexpressing AbCaM1 and G2-EPSPS in Atropa belladonna. Metabolic engineering. 2022 07; 72(?):237-246. doi: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.03.014. [PMID: 35390492]
  • Xinxin Xu, Wenliang Ge, Steven Suryoprabowo, Xin Guo, Jianping Zhu, Liqiang Liu, Chuanlai Xu, Hua Kuang. Fluorescence-based immunochromatographic test strip for the detection of hyoscyamine. The Analyst. 2022 Jan; 147(2):293-302. doi: 10.1039/d1an01973b. [PMID: 34907412]
  • Vincent Courdavault, Julien Cassereau, Nicolas Papon. Engineered Microbes for Producing Anticholinergics. Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology. 2021 04; 22(8):1368-1370. doi: 10.1002/cbic.202000757. [PMID: 33215811]
  • Lingjiang Zeng, Qiaozhuo Zhang, Chunxue Jiang, Yueyue Zheng, Youwei Zuo, Jianbo Qin, Zhihua Liao, Hongping Deng. Development of Atropa belladonna L. Plants with High-Yield Hyoscyamine and without Its Derivatives Using the CRISPR/Cas9 System. International journal of molecular sciences. 2021 Feb; 22(4):. doi: 10.3390/ijms22041731. [PMID: 33572199]
  • Wilfred A Abia, Holly Montgomery, Anne P Nugent, Christopher T Elliott. Tropane alkaloid contamination of agricultural commodities and food products in relation to consumer health: Learnings from the 2019 Uganda food aid outbreak. Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety. 2021 01; 20(1):501-525. doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.12664. [PMID: 33443796]
  • Prashanth Srinivasan, Christina D Smolke. Biosynthesis of medicinal tropane alkaloids in yeast. Nature. 2020 09; 585(7826):614-619. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2650-9. [PMID: 32879484]
  • Durdana Shah, Azra N Kamili, Aijaz A Wani, Umer Majeed, Zubair Ahmad Wani, Nasreena Sajjad, Parvaiz Ahmad. Promoting the accumulation of scopolamine and hyoscyamine in Hyoscyamus niger L. through EMS based mutagenesis. PloS one. 2020; 15(5):e0231355. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231355. [PMID: 32437389]
  • Boualem Harfi, Lakhdar Khelifi, Majda Khelifi-Slaoui, Corinne Assaf-Ducrocq, Eric Gontier. Tropane alkaloids GC/MS analysis and low dose elicitors' effects on hyoscyamine biosynthetic pathway in hairy roots of Algerian Datura species. Scientific reports. 2018 12; 8(1):17951. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-36625-4. [PMID: 30560886]
  • Yi Yang, Cui-Ping Zhang, Xing Liu, Yue Wei, Neng-Biao Wu. [Effects of methyl jasmonate on metabolism of topical alkaloids and expression of relate genes in Atropa belladonna]. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica. 2018 Oct; 43(20):4044-4049. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20180726.018. [PMID: 30486528]
  • Gunnar F Kwakye, Jennifer Jiménez, Jessica A Jiménez, Michael Aschner. Atropa belladonna neurotoxicity: Implications to neurological disorders. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association. 2018 Jun; 116(Pt B):346-353. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.04.022. [PMID: 29653183]
  • Shuang Guo, Yi Yang, Xing Liu, Neng-Biao Wu. [Mechanism exploration on nitrogen metabolism and secondary metabolism in Atropa belladonna hairy roots treated with yeast extract]. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica. 2018 Apr; 43(8):1610-1617. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20180201.008. [PMID: 29751707]
  • Kathrin Laura Kohnen, Selahaddin Sezgin, Michael Spiteller, Hansjörg Hagels, Oliver Kayser. Localization and Organization of Scopolamine Biosynthesis in Duboisia myoporoides R. Br. Plant & cell physiology. 2018 Jan; 59(1):107-118. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcx165. [PMID: 29095998]
  • Yue Wei, Cui-Ping Zhang, Shuang Guo, Ke-Huan Lu, Xing Liu, Yi Yang, Zhi-Hua Liao, Neng-Biao Wu. [Effects of nitrogen form on accumulation of alkaloids and expression of relative genes in Atropa belladonna]. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica. 2018 Jan; 43(1):72-78. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.2018.0003. [PMID: 29552814]
  • Xiao Li, Wei Qiang, Fei Qiu, Min Chen, Xiao-zhong Lan, Zhi-hua Liao, Xiao-qiang Liu. [Cloning and characterization of an aromatic amino acid aminotransferase(ArAT) gene involved in tropane alkaloid biosynthesis from Hyoscyamus niger]. Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. 2017 Jan; 52(1):172-9. doi: . [PMID: 29911833]
  • Hong Quan, Ke Xia, Jun-lan Zeng, Min Chen, Xiao-zhong Lan, Zhi-hua Liao. [Overexpression of NtPMT and HnH6H changed hyoscyamine-rich Atropa belladonna to scopolamine-rich varieties]. Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. 2016 12; 51(12):1913-9. doi: ". [PMID: 29923697]
  • Yue-De Cao, Yu-Cai He, Hao Li, Guo-Yin Kai, Jian-He Xu, Hui-Lei Yu. Efficient biosynthesis of rare natural product scopolamine using E. coli cells expressing a S14P/K97A mutant of hyoscyamine 6β-hydroxylase AaH6H. Journal of biotechnology. 2015 Oct; 211(?):123-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.07.019. [PMID: 26239231]
  • Wei Qiang, Yan-ling Hou, Xiao Li, Ke Xia, Zhi-hua Liao. [Cloning and expression of the key enzyme hyoscyamine 6 beta-hydroxylase gene (DaH6H) in scopolamine biosynthesis of Datura arborea]. Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. 2015 Oct; 50(10):1346-55. doi: . [PMID: 26837185]
  • Szymon Dziomba, Teresa Łepek, Zbigniew Jaremicz, Maria Łuczkiewicz, Adam Prahl, Piotr Kowalski. Simultaneous determination of scopolamine, hyoscyamine and anisodamine in in vitro growth media of selected Solanaceae hairy roots by CE method. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2015 Sep; 1001(?):17-21. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.06.029. [PMID: 26253806]
  • Annette Naumann, Lukas Kurtze, Andrea Krähmer, Hansjoerg Hagels, Hartwig Schulz. Discrimination of Solanaceae taxa and quantification of scopolamine and hyoscyamine by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Planta medica. 2014 Oct; 80(15):1315-20. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1383046. [PMID: 25248046]
  • Wei Qiang, Ya-Xiong Wang, Qiao-Zhuo Zhang, Jin-Di Li, Ke Xia, Neng-Biao Wu, Zhi-Hua Liao. [Expression pattern of genes involved in tropane alkaloids biosynthesis and tropane alkaloids accumulation in Atropa belladonna]. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica. 2014 Jan; 39(1):52-8. doi: . [PMID: 24754168]
  • Zbigniew Jaremicz, Maria Luczkiewicz, Mariusz Kisiel, Rafael Zárate, Nabil El Jaber-Vazdekis, Piotr Migas. Multi-development-HPTLC method for quantitation of hyoscyamine, scopolamine and their biosynthetic precursors in selected solanaceae plants grown in natural conditions and as in vitro cultures. Phytochemical analysis : PCA. 2014 Jan; 25(1):29-35. doi: 10.1002/pca.2455. [PMID: 23839972]
  • Patrício M V Simões, Jeremy E Niven, Swidbert R Ott. Phenotypic transformation affects associative learning in the desert locust. Current biology : CB. 2013 Dec; 23(23):2407-12. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2013.10.016. [PMID: 24268415]
  • Esmail Dehghan, Farajollah Shahriari Ahmadi, Elnaz Ghotbi Ravandi, Darwin W Reed, Patrick S Covello, Ahmad Reza Bahrami. An atypical pattern of accumulation of scopolamine and other tropane alkaloids and expression of alkaloid pathway genes in Hyoscyamus senecionis. Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB. 2013 Sep; 70(?):188-94. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.05.007. [PMID: 23786817]
  • Shi-Ping Long, Yan Lu, Ya-Xiong Wang, Chun-Xian Yang, Xiao-Zhong Lan, Zhi-Hua Liao. [Enhancement of tropane alkaloids production in transgenic hair roots of Atropa belladonna by overexpressing endogenous genes AbPMT and AbH6H]. Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. 2013 Feb; 48(2):243-9. doi: . [PMID: 23672021]
  • Daniel J Warner, Hongming Chen, Louis-David Cantin, J Gerry Kenna, Simone Stahl, Clare L Walker, Tobias Noeske. Mitigating the inhibition of human bile salt export pump by drugs: opportunities provided by physicochemical property modulation, in silico modeling, and structural modification. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2012 Dec; 40(12):2332-41. doi: 10.1124/dmd.112.047068. [PMID: 22961681]
  • Guoyin Kai, Ang Zhang, Yingying Guo, Li Li, Lijie Cui, Xiuqin Luo, Cong Liu, Jianbo Xiao. Enhancing the production of tropane alkaloids in transgenic Anisodus acutangulus hairy root cultures by over-expressing tropinone reductase I and hyoscyamine-6β-hydroxylase. Molecular bioSystems. 2012 Nov; 8(11):2883-90. doi: 10.1039/c2mb25208b. [PMID: 22955966]
  • Jieyin Sun, Takayoshi Awakawa, Hiroshi Noguchi, Ikuro Abe. Induced production of mycotoxins in an endophytic fungus from the medicinal plant Datura stramonium L. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters. 2012 Oct; 22(20):6397-400. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.08.063. [PMID: 22967766]
  • Jing Li, Marco J van Belkum, John C Vederas. Functional characterization of recombinant hyoscyamine 6β-hydroxylase from Atropa belladonna. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry. 2012 Jul; 20(14):4356-63. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.05.042. [PMID: 22705021]
  • Panagiota Nikolaou, Ioannis Papoutsis, Maria Stefanidou, Artemis Dona, Constantinos Maravelias, Chara Spiliopoulou, Sotirios Athanaselis. Accidental poisoning after ingestion of 'aphrodisiac' berries: diagnosis by analytical toxicology. The Journal of emergency medicine. 2012 Jun; 42(6):662-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2011.03.023. [PMID: 21571482]
  • D Jaya Kumar, R Jaya Santhi. Antioxidant and cytotoxic effects of hexane extract of Morinda pubescens leaves in human liver cancer cell line. Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine. 2012 May; 5(5):362-6. doi: 10.1016/s1995-7645(12)60060-1. [PMID: 22546652]
  • Silvia Jakabová, Lajos Vincze, Agnes Farkas, Ferenc Kilár, Borbála Boros, Attila Felinger. Determination of tropane alkaloids atropine and scopolamine by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in plant organs of Datura species. Journal of chromatography. A. 2012 Apr; 1232(?):295-301. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.02.036. [PMID: 22391493]
  • Zhen Long, Chaoran Wang, Zhimou Guo, Xiuli Zhang, Lilly Nordahl, Jing Zeng, Jianguo Zeng, Xinmiao Liang. A non-aqueous solid phase extraction method for alkaloid enrichment and its application in the determination of hyoscyamine and scopolamine. The Analyst. 2012 Mar; 137(6):1451-7. doi: 10.1039/c2an15824h. [PMID: 22299130]
  • Harald John, John Mikler, Franz Worek, Horst Thiermann. Application of an enantioselective LC-ESI MS/MS procedure to determine R- and S-hyoscyamine following intravenous atropine administration in swine. Drug testing and analysis. 2012 Mar; 4(3-4):194-8. doi: 10.1002/dta.338. [PMID: 21964777]
  • Bahareh Vakili, Farah Karimi, Mozafar Sharifi, Mehrdad Behmanesh. Chromium-induced tropane alkaloid production and H6H gene expression in Atropa belladonna L. (Solanaceae) in vitro-propagated plantlets. Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB. 2012 Mar; 52(?):98-103. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2011.12.003. [PMID: 22305072]
  • Mohamad Houssam Al Balkhi, Séverine Schiltz, David Lesur, Arnaud Lanoue, Anne Wadouachi, Michèle Boitel-Conti. Norlittorine and norhyoscyamine identified as products of littorine and hyoscyamine metabolism by (13)C-labeling in Datura innoxia hairy roots. Phytochemistry. 2012 Feb; 74(?):105-14. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.10.010. [PMID: 22083085]
  • Mohamed Adnane Berdai, Smael Labib, Khadija Chetouani, Mustapha Harandou. Atropa belladonna intoxication: a case report. The Pan African medical journal. 2012; 11(?):72. doi: . [PMID: 22655106]
  • Xirong Wang, Min Chen, Chunxian Yang, Xiaoqiang Liu, Lei Zhang, Xiaozhong Lan, Kexuan Tang, Zhihua Liao. Enhancing the scopolamine production in transgenic plants of Atropa belladonna by overexpressing pmt and h6h genes. Physiologia plantarum. 2011 Dec; 143(4):309-15. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2011.01506.x. [PMID: 21883248]
  • Horst Thiermann, Dirk Steinritz, Franz Worek, Maria Radtke, Peter Eyer, Florian Eyer, Norbert Felgenhauer, Thomas Zilker. Atropine maintenance dosage in patients with severe organophosphate pesticide poisoning. Toxicology letters. 2011 Sep; 206(1):77-83. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.07.006. [PMID: 21771644]
  • Yasuto Kido, Pär Matsson, Kathleen M Giacomini. Profiling of a prescription drug library for potential renal drug-drug interactions mediated by the organic cation transporter 2. Journal of medicinal chemistry. 2011 Jul; 54(13):4548-58. doi: 10.1021/jm2001629. [PMID: 21599003]
  • Guoyin Kai, Yuanyuan Liu, Xiaoyun Wang, Sheng Yang, Xueqing Fu, Xiuqin Luo, Pan Liao. Functional identification of hyoscyamine 6β-hydroxylase from Anisodus acutangulus and overproduction of scopolamine in genetically-engineered Escherichia coli. Biotechnology letters. 2011 Jul; 33(7):1361-5. doi: 10.1007/s10529-011-0575-y. [PMID: 21380527]
  • Guoyin Kai, Sheng Yang, Xiuqin Luo, Wentao Zhou, Xueqing Fu, Ang Zhang, Yan Zhang, Jianbo Xiao. Co-expression of AaPMT and AaTRI effectively enhances the yields of tropane alkaloids in Anisodus acutangulus hairy roots. BMC biotechnology. 2011 Apr; 11(?):43. doi: 10.1186/1472-6750-11-43. [PMID: 21526999]
  • Ahmed El Bazaoui, My Ahmed Bellimam, Abdelmajid Soulaymani. Nine new tropane alkaloids from Datura stramonium L. identified by GC/MS. Fitoterapia. 2011 Mar; 82(2):193-7. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2010.09.010. [PMID: 20858536]
  • Sara Fondevilla, Helge Küster, Franziska Krajinski, José I Cubero, Diego Rubiales. Identification of genes differentially expressed in a resistant reaction to Mycosphaerella pinodes in pea using microarray technology. BMC genomics. 2011 Jan; 12(?):28. doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-28. [PMID: 21226971]
  • K K Pramod, Satpal Singh, C Jayabaskaran. Biochemical and structural characterization of recombinant hyoscyamine 6β-hydroxylase from Datura metel L. Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB. 2010 Dec; 48(12):966-70. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2010.09.003. [PMID: 20951598]
  • Amdoun Ryad, Khelifi Lakhdar, Khelifi-Slaoui Majda, Amroune Samia, Asch Mark, Assaf-Ducrocq Corinne, Gontier Eric. Optimization of the culture medium composition to improve the production of hyoscyamine in elicited Datura stramonium L. hairy roots using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). International journal of molecular sciences. 2010 Nov; 11(11):4726-40. doi: 10.3390/ijms11114726. [PMID: 21151467]
  • Harald John, Florian Eyer, Thomas Zilker, Horst Thiermann. High-performance liquid-chromatographic tandem-mass spectrometric methods for atropinesterase-mediated enantioselective and chiral determination of R- and S-hyoscyamine in plasma. Analytica chimica acta. 2010 Nov; 680(1-2):32-40. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.09.018. [PMID: 20969988]
  • Don Antoine Lanfranchi, Félix Tomi, Joseph Casanova. Enantiomeric differentiation of atropine/hyoscyamine by (13) C NMR spectroscopy and its application to Datura stramonium extract. Phytochemical analysis : PCA. 2010 Nov; 21(6):597-601. doi: 10.1002/pca.1240. [PMID: 20799269]
  • Angela Ratsch, Kathryn J Steadman, Fiona Bogossian. The pituri story: a review of the historical literature surrounding traditional Australian Aboriginal use of nicotine in Central Australia. Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine. 2010 Sep; 6(?):26. doi: 10.1186/1746-4269-6-26. [PMID: 20831827]
  • Marina Macchiaiolo, Elettra Vignati, Michaela V Gonfiantini, Annalisa Grandin, Maria Teresa Romano, Michele Salata, Diletta Valentini, Alberto Villani. An unusual case of anisocoria by vegetal intoxication: a case report. Italian journal of pediatrics. 2010 Jul; 36(?):50. doi: 10.1186/1824-7288-36-50. [PMID: 20646270]
  • Najmeh Ahmadian Chashmi, Mozafar Sharifi, Farah Karimi, Hasan Rahnama. Differential production of tropane alkaloids in hairy roots and in vitro cultured two accessions of Atropa belladonna L. under nitrate treatments. Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung. C, Journal of biosciences. 2010 May; 65(5-6):373-9. doi: 10.1515/znc-2010-5-609. [PMID: 20653239]
  • Mark Jackson. 'Divine stramonium': the rise and fall of smoking for asthma. Medical history. 2010 Apr; 54(2):171-94. doi: 10.1017/s0025727300000235. [PMID: 20357985]
  • Alejandra Beatriz Cardillo, Angela María Otalvaro Alvarez, Ariel Calabró Lopez, Mario Enrique Velásquez Lozano, Julián Rodríguez Talou, Ana María Giulietti. Anisodamine production from natural sources: seedlings and hairy root cultures of Argentinean and Colombian Brugmansia candida plants. Planta medica. 2010 Mar; 76(4):402-5. doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1186164. [PMID: 19790035]
  • Yong Duck Kim, Seung Mi Kang, Ji Yun Min, Won Kyun Choi, Mi Jin Jeong, Chandrakant S Karigar, Myung Suk Choi. Production of tropane alkaloids during de-differentiation of Scopolia parviflora calli. Journal of natural products. 2010 Feb; 73(2):147-50. doi: 10.1021/np900525n. [PMID: 20141164]
  • Cyril Jousse, Thi Dao Vu, Thi Le Minh Tran, Mohamad Houssam Al Balkhi, Roland Molinié, Michèle Boitel-Conti, Serge Pilard, David Mathiron, Alain Hehn, Frédéric Bourgaud, Eric Gontier. Tropane alkaloid profiling of hydroponic Datura innoxia Mill. Plants inoculated with Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Phytochemical analysis : PCA. 2010 Jan; 21(1):118-27. doi: 10.1002/pca.1180. [PMID: 19904728]
  • Jillian M Hagel, Peter J Facchini. Biochemistry and occurrence of o-demethylation in plant metabolism. Frontiers in physiology. 2010; 1(?):14. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2010.00014. [PMID: 21423357]
  • Guoyin Kai, Li Li, Yuxin Jiang, Xiangming Yan, Yan Zhang, Xuan Lu, Pan Liao, Jianbo Chen. Molecular cloning and characterization of two tropinone reductases in Anisodus acutangulus and enhancement of tropane alkaloid production in AaTRI-transformed hairy roots. Biotechnology and applied biochemistry. 2009 Oct; 54(3):177-86. doi: 10.1042/ba20090171. [PMID: 19751215]
  • Pitak Nasomjai, Darwin W Reed, David J Tozer, Michael J G Peach, Alexandra M Z Slawin, Patrick S Covello, David O'Hagan. Mechanistic insights into the cytochrome P450-mediated oxidation and rearrangement of littorine in tropane alkaloid biosynthesis. Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology. 2009 Sep; 10(14):2382-93. doi: 10.1002/cbic.200900318. [PMID: 19693762]
  • A Pavlov, S Berkov, J Weber, Th Bley. Hyoscyamine biosynthesis in Datura stramonium hairy root in vitro systems with different ploidy levels. Applied biochemistry and biotechnology. 2009 May; 157(2):210-25. doi: 10.1007/s12010-008-8264-6. [PMID: 18509605]
  • K Jiang, Y Pi, Zh Huang, R Hou, Zh Zhang, J Lin, X Sun, K Tang. Molecular cloning and mRNA expression profiling of the first specific jasmonate biosynthetic pathway gene allene oxide synthase from Hyoscyamus niger. Genetika. 2009 Apr; 45(4):496-505. doi: . [PMID: 19507702]
  • F F Abdel-Motaal, M S M Nassar, S A El-Zayat, M A El-Sayed, S Ito. Responses of fungi to tropane alkaloids produced by a medicinal plant Hyoscyamus muticus (Egyptian henbane). Folia microbiologica. 2009; 54(3):207-12. doi: 10.1007/s12223-009-0033-6. [PMID: 19649737]
  • Nabil El Jaber-Vazdekis, Celedonio González, Angel G Ravelo, Rafael Zárate. Cloning, characterization and analysis of expression profiles of a cDNA encoding a hyoscyamine 6beta-hydroxylase (H6H) from Atropa baetica Willk. Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB. 2009 Jan; 47(1):20-5. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2008.09.004. [PMID: 18952449]
  • Tomohiko Konishi, Kouichi Akaki, Kazuhiro Hatano. [Determination of hyoscyamine and scopolamine in serum and urine of humans by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry]. Shokuhin eiseigaku zasshi. Journal of the Food Hygienic Society of Japan. 2008 Aug; 49(4):266-71. doi: 10.3358/shokueishi.49.266. [PMID: 18787311]
  • Philippe Vernay, Cécile Gauthier-Moussard, Liliane Jean, François Bordas, Olivier Faure, Gérard Ledoigt, Adnane Hitmi. Effect of chromium species on phytochemical and physiological parameters in Datura innoxia. Chemosphere. 2008 Jun; 72(5):763-71. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.03.018. [PMID: 18472140]
  • David Arráez-Román, Gabriela Zurek, Carsten Bässmann, Antonio Segura-Carretero, Alberto Fernández-Gutiérrez. Characterization of Atropa belladonna L. compounds by capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-ion trap-mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis. 2008 May; 29(10):2112-6. doi: 10.1002/elps.200700468. [PMID: 18425749]
  • Danuta Siluk, Donald E Mager, Naomi Gronich, Darrell Abernethy, Irving W Wainer. HPLC-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometric method for enantioselective determination of R,S-propranolol and R,S-hyoscyamine in human plasma. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2007 Nov; 859(2):213-21. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.09.035. [PMID: 17951120]
  • Guoyin Kai, Junfeng Chen, Li Li, Genyu Zhou, Limin Zhou, Lei Zhang, Yuhui Chen, Linxia Zhao. Molecular cloning and characterization of a new cDNA encoding hyoscyamine 6beta-hydroxylase from roots of Anisodus acutangulus. Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology. 2007 Sep; 40(5):715-22. doi: 10.5483/bmbrep.2007.40.5.715. [PMID: 17927905]
  • Kirsi-Marja Oksman-Caldentey. Tropane and nicotine alkaloid biosynthesis-novel approaches towards biotechnological production of plant-derived pharmaceuticals. Current pharmaceutical biotechnology. 2007 Aug; 8(4):203-10. doi: 10.2174/138920107781387401. [PMID: 17691989]
  • Ji Yun Min, Hee Young Jung, Seung Mi Kang, Yong Duck Kim, Young Min Kang, Dong Jin Park, Doddananjappa Theertha Prasad, Myung Suk Choi. Production of tropane alkaloids by small-scale bubble column bioreactor cultures of Scopolia parviflora adventitious roots. Bioresource technology. 2007 Jul; 98(9):1748-53. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.07.033. [PMID: 16965915]
  • Elisabeth Moyano, Javier Palazón, Mercedes Bonfill, Lidia Osuna, Rosa M Cusidó, Kirsi-Marja Oksman-Caldentey, M Teresa Piñol. Biotransformation of hyoscyamine into scopolamine in transgenic tobacco cell cultures. Journal of plant physiology. 2007 Apr; 164(4):521-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2006.06.012. [PMID: 16904229]
  • Lei Zhang, Bin Yang, Beibei Lu, Guoyin Kai, Zinan Wang, Yang Xia, Ruxian Ding, Hanming Zhang, Xiaofen Sun, Wansheng Chen, Kexuan Tang. Tropane alkaloids production in transgenic Hyoscyamus niger hairy root cultures over-expressing putrescine N-methyltransferase is methyl jasmonate-dependent. Planta. 2007 Mar; 225(4):887-96. doi: 10.1007/s00425-006-0402-1. [PMID: 17004056]
  • Patricia L Marconi, María A Alvarez, Sandra I Pitta-Alvarez. How polyamine synthesis inhibitors and cinnamic acid affect tropane alkaloid production. Applied biochemistry and biotechnology. 2007 Jan; 136(1):63-75. doi: 10.1007/bf02685939. [PMID: 17416978]
  • Heike Kaiser, Ute Richter, Ronald Keiner, Anja Brabant, Bettina Hause, Birgit Dräger. Immunolocalisation of two tropinone reductases in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) root, stolon, and tuber sprouts. Planta. 2006 Dec; 225(1):127-37. doi: 10.1007/s00425-006-0335-8. [PMID: 16845528]
  • Rafael Zárate, Nabil el Jaber-Vazdekis, Braulio Medina, Angel G Ravelo. Tailoring tropane alkaloid accumulation in transgenic hairy roots of Atropa baetica by over-expressing the gene encoding hyoscyamine 6beta-hydroxylase. Biotechnology letters. 2006 Aug; 28(16):1271-7. doi: 10.1007/s10529-006-9085-8. [PMID: 16802099]
  • Nagendra Singh, Talat Jabeen, Aritra Pal, Sujata Sharma, Markus Perbandt, Christian Betzel, Tej P Singh. Crystal structures of the complexes of a group IIA phospholipase A2 with two natural anti-inflammatory agents, anisic acid, and atropine reveal a similar mode of binding. Proteins. 2006 Jul; 64(1):89-100. doi: 10.1002/prot.20970. [PMID: 16596639]
  • Rong Li, Darwin W Reed, Enwu Liu, Jacek Nowak, Lawrence E Pelcher, Jonathan E Page, Patrick S Covello. Functional genomic analysis of alkaloid biosynthesis in Hyoscyamus niger reveals a cytochrome P450 involved in littorine rearrangement. Chemistry & biology. 2006 May; 13(5):513-20. doi: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2006.03.005. [PMID: 16720272]
  • Annika Wilhelmson, Suvi T Häkkinen, Pauli T Kallio, Kirsi-Marja Oksman-Caldentey, Anna Maria Nuutila. Heterologous expression of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VHb) and cultivation conditions affect the alkaloid profile of Hyoscyamus muticus hairy roots. Biotechnology progress. 2006 Mar; 22(2):350-8. doi: 10.1021/bp050322c. [PMID: 16599546]
  • Nabil El Jaber-Vazdekis, Fátima Gutierrez-Nicolas, Angel G Ravelo, Rafael Zárate. Studies on tropane alkaloid extraction by volatile organic solvents: dichloromethane vs. chloroform. Phytochemical analysis : PCA. 2006 Mar; 17(2):107-13. doi: 10.1002/pca.893. [PMID: 16634287]
  • Birgit Dräger. Tropinone reductases, enzymes at the branch point of tropane alkaloid metabolism. Phytochemistry. 2006 Feb; 67(4):327-37. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.12.001. [PMID: 16426652]
  • Olaf Stenzel, Michael Teuber, Birgit Dräger. Putrescine N-methyltransferase in Solanum tuberosum L., a calystegine-forming plant. Planta. 2006 Jan; 223(2):200-12. doi: 10.1007/s00425-005-0077-z. [PMID: 16088399]
  • J Daniel Hare, Linda L Walling. Constitutive and jasmonate-inducible traits of Datura wrightii. Journal of chemical ecology. 2006 Jan; 32(1):29-47. doi: 10.1007/s10886-006-9349-8. [PMID: 16525868]
  • László Kursinszki, Hajnalka Hank, Imre László, Eva Szoke. Simultaneous analysis of hyoscyamine, scopolamine, 6beta-hydroxyhyoscyamine and apoatropine in Solanaceous hairy roots by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Journal of chromatography. A. 2005 Oct; 1091(1-2):32-9. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.07.016. [PMID: 16395790]
  • Ulf D Renner, Reinhard Oertel, Wilhelm Kirch. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in clinical use of scopolamine. Therapeutic drug monitoring. 2005 Oct; 27(5):655-65. doi: 10.1097/01.ftd.0000168293.48226.57. [PMID: 16175141]
  • Suvi T Häkkinen, Elisabeth Moyano, Rosa M Cusidó, Javier Palazón, M Teresa Piñol, Kirsi-Marja Oksman-Caldentey. Enhanced secretion of tropane alkaloids in Nicotiana tabacum hairy roots expressing heterologous hyoscyamine-6beta-hydroxylase. Journal of experimental botany. 2005 Oct; 56(420):2611-8. doi: 10.1093/jxb/eri253. [PMID: 16105856]
  • Tao Liu, Ping Zhu, Ke-di Cheng, Chao Meng, Hui-Xia He. Molecular cloning, expression and characterization of hyoscyamine 6beta-hydroxylase from hairy roots of Anisodus tanguticus. Planta medica. 2005 Mar; 71(3):249-53. doi: 10.1055/s-2005-837825. [PMID: 15770546]
  • Ute Richter, Grit Rothe, Anne-Katrin Fabian, Bettina Rahfeld, Birgit Dräger. Overexpression of tropinone reductases alters alkaloid composition in Atropa belladonna root cultures. Journal of experimental botany. 2005 Feb; 56(412):645-52. doi: 10.1093/jxb/eri067. [PMID: 15642710]
  • Annika Wilhelmson, Pauli T Kallio, Kirsi-Marja Oksman-Caldentey, Anna Maria Nuutila. Expression of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin enhances growth of Hyoscyamus muticus hairy root cultures. Planta medica. 2005 Jan; 71(1):48-53. doi: 10.1055/s-2005-837750. [PMID: 15678373]
  • Rawia Zayed, Michael Wink. Induction of tropane alkaloid formation in transformed root cultures of Brugmansia suaveolens (Solanaceae). Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung. C, Journal of biosciences. 2004 Nov; 59(11-12):863-7. doi: 10.1515/znc-2004-11-1216. [PMID: 15666547]
  • Y M Kang, J Y Min, H S Moon, C S Karigar, D T Prasad, C H Lee, M S Choi. Rapid in vitro adventitious shoot propagation of Scopolia parviflora through rhizome cultures for enhanced production of tropane alkaloids. Plant cell reports. 2004 Sep; 23(3):128-33. doi: 10.1007/s00299-004-0820-0. [PMID: 15221279]
  • Strahil Berkov, Atanas Pavlov. A rapid densitometric method for the analysis of hyoscyamine and scopolamine in solanaceous plants and their transformed root cultures. Phytochemical analysis : PCA. 2004 May; 15(3):141-5. doi: 10.1002/pca.756. [PMID: 15202596]
  • Vassiliki A Boumba, Antigony Mitselou, Theodore Vougiouklakis. Fatal poisoning from ingestion of Datura stramonium seeds. Veterinary and human toxicology. 2004 Apr; 46(2):81-2. doi: NULL. [PMID: 15080209]
  • Grit Rothe, Akira Hachiya, Yasuyuki Yamada, Takashi Hashimoto, Birgit Dräger. Alkaloids in plants and root cultures of Atropa belladonna overexpressing putrescine N-methyltransferase. Journal of experimental botany. 2003 Sep; 54(390):2065-70. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erg227. [PMID: 12885861]
  • Orlando Muñoz, John F Casale. Tropane alkaloids from Latua pubiflora. Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung. C, Journal of biosciences. 2003 Sep; 58(9-10):626-8. doi: 10.1515/znc-2003-9-1003. [PMID: 14577619]
  • Strahil Berkov. Alkaloids of Datura ceratocaula. Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung. C, Journal of biosciences. 2003 Jul; 58(7-8):455-8. doi: 10.1515/znc-2003-7-801. [PMID: 12939026]
  • Georgios Theodoridis, Andreas Kantifes, Panagiotis Manesiotis, Nikolaos Raikos, Heleni Tsoukali-Papadopoulou. Preparation of a molecularly imprinted polymer for the solid-phase extraction of scopolamine with hyoscyamine as a dummy template molecule. Journal of chromatography. A. 2003 Feb; 987(1-2):103-9. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)02048-4. [PMID: 12613802]