NCBI Taxonomy: 4101
Petunia (ncbi_taxid: 4101)
found 74 associated metabolites at genus taxonomy rank level.
Ancestor: Petunioideae
Child Taxonomies: Petunia x hybrida, Petunia axillaris, Petunia reitzii, Petunia secreta, Petunia exserta, Petunia integrifolia, Petunia saxicola, Petunia interior, Petunia altiplana, Petunia bajeensis, Petunia littoralis, Petunia scheideana, Petunia correntina, Petunia occidentalis, unclassified Petunia, Petunia riograndensis, Petunia bonjardinensis, Petunia guarapuavensis, Petunia nyctaginiflora, Petunia mantiqueirensis, Petunia axillaris x Petunia secreta, Petunia axillaris x Petunia exserta, Petunia axillaris x Petunia x hybrida, Petunia x hybrida x Petunia axillaris subsp. parodii, Petunia exserta x Petunia axillaris subsp. parodii, Petunia axillaris x Petunia axillaris subsp. parodii, Petunia axillaris x Petunia integrifolia subsp. inflata
Ferulic acid
trans-Ferulic acid is a highly abundant phenolic phytochemical which is present in plant cell walls. Ferulic acid is a phenolic acid that can be absorbed by the small intestine and excreted through the urine. It is one of the most abundant phenolic acids in plants, varying from 5 g/kg in wheat bran to 9 g/kg in sugar-beet pulp and 50 g/kg in corn kernel. It occurs primarily in seeds and leaves both in its free form (albeit rarely) and covalently linked to lignin and other biopolymers. It is usually found as ester cross-links with polysaccharides in the cell wall, such as arabinoxylans in grasses, pectin in spinach and sugar beet, and xyloglucans in bamboo. It also can cross-link with proteins. Due to its phenolic nucleus and an extended side chain conjugation (carbohydrates and proteins), it readily forms a resonance-stabilized phenoxy radical which accounts for its potent antioxidant potential. Food supplementation with curcumin and ferulic acid is considered a nutritional approach to reducing oxidative damage and amyloid pathology in Alzheimer disease (PMID:17127365, 1398220, 15453708, 9878519). Ferulic acid can be found in Pseudomonas and Saccharomyces (PMID:8395165). Ferulic acid is a ferulic acid consisting of trans-cinnamic acid bearing methoxy and hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively on the phenyl ring. It has a role as an antioxidant, a MALDI matrix material, a plant metabolite, an anti-inflammatory agent, an apoptosis inhibitor and a cardioprotective agent. It is a conjugate acid of a ferulate. Ferulic acid is a natural product found in Haplophyllum griffithianum, Visnea mocanera, and other organisms with data available. Ferulic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Angelica sinensis root (part of). Widely distributed in plants, first isolated from Ferula foetida (asafoetida). Antioxidant used to inhibit oxidn. of fats, pastry products, etc. Antifungal agent used to prevent fruit spoilage. trans-Ferulic acid is found in many foods, some of which are deerberry, peach, shea tree, and common bean. A ferulic acid consisting of trans-cinnamic acid bearing methoxy and hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively on the phenyl ring. D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002756 - Cholagogues and Choleretics D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000975 - Antioxidants > D016166 - Free Radical Scavengers D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D000925 - Anticoagulants D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. KEIO_ID H074 (E)-Ferulic acid is a isomer of Ferulic acid which is an aromatic compound, abundant in plant cell walls. (E)-Ferulic acid causes the phosphorylation of β-catenin, resulting in proteasomal degradation of β-catenin and increases the expression of pro-apoptotic factor Bax and decreases the expression of pro-survival factor survivin. (E)-Ferulic acid shows a potent ability to remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibits lipid peroxidation. (E)-Ferulic acid exerts both anti-proliferation and anti-migration effects in the human lung cancer cell line H1299[1]. (E)-Ferulic acid is a isomer of Ferulic acid which is an aromatic compound, abundant in plant cell walls. (E)-Ferulic acid causes the phosphorylation of β-catenin, resulting in proteasomal degradation of β-catenin and increases the expression of pro-apoptotic factor Bax and decreases the expression of pro-survival factor survivin. (E)-Ferulic acid shows a potent ability to remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibits lipid peroxidation. (E)-Ferulic acid exerts both anti-proliferation and anti-migration effects in the human lung cancer cell line H1299[1]. Ferulic acid is a novel fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) inhibitor with IC50s of 3.78 and 12.5 μM for FGFR1 and FGFR2, respectively. Ferulic acid is a novel fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) inhibitor with IC50s of 3.78 and 12.5 μM for FGFR1 and FGFR2, respectively.
Oleanolic acid
Oleanolic acid is a pentacyclic triterpene, found in the non-glyceride fraction of olive pomace oil (Olive pomace oil, also known as "orujo" olive oil, is a blend of refined-pomace oil and virgin olive oil, fit for human consumption). Pentacyclic triterpenes are natural compounds which are widely distributed in plants. These natural products have been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory properties. Triterpenoids have been reported to possess antioxidant properties, since they prevent lipid peroxidation and suppress superoxide anion generation. The triterpenes have a history of medicinal use in many Asian countries. Oleanolic acid exhibits both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties depending on chemical structure and dose and may be useful in modulating the immune response; further studies are required to confirm the immunomodulatory behaviour of this triterpenoid, and characterise the mechanisms underlying the biphasic nature of some aspects of the inflammatory response. Oleanolic acid is a ubiquitous triterpenoid in plant kingdom, medicinal herbs, and is an integral part of the human diet. During the last decade over 700 research articles have been published on triterpenoids research, reflecting tremendous interest and progress in our understanding of these compounds. This included the isolation and purification of these tritepernoids from various plants and herbs, the chemical modifications to make more effective and water soluble derivatives, the pharmacological research on their beneficial effects, the toxicity studies, and the clinical use of these triterpenoids in various diseases including anticancer chemotherapies. (PMID:17292619, 15522132, 15994040). Oleanolic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is olean-12-en-28-oic acid substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a hydroxy monocarboxylic acid. It is a conjugate acid of an oleanolate. It derives from a hydride of an oleanane. Oleanolic acid is a natural product found in Ophiopogon japonicus, Freziera, and other organisms with data available. A pentacyclic triterpene that occurs widely in many PLANTS as the free acid or the aglycone for many SAPONINS. It is biosynthesized from lupane. It can rearrange to the isomer, ursolic acid, or be oxidized to taraxasterol and amyrin. See also: Holy basil leaf (part of); Jujube fruit (part of); Paeonia lactiflora root (part of) ... View More ... Occurs as glycosides in cloves (Syzygium aromaticum), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), olive leaves, etc. Very widely distributed aglycone A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is olean-12-en-28-oic acid substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. [Raw Data] CBA90_Oleanolic-acid_neg_50eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA90_Oleanolic-acid_neg_20eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA90_Oleanolic-acid_neg_10eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA90_Oleanolic-acid_neg_30eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA90_Oleanolic-acid_neg_40eV.txt Oleanolic acid (Caryophyllin) is a natural compound from plants with anti-tumor activities. Oleanolic acid (Caryophyllin) is a natural compound from plants with anti-tumor activities.
Isorhamnetin
3,4,5,7-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxyflavone is a tetrahydroxyflavone having the 4-hydroxy groups located at the 3- 4- 5- and 7-positions as well as a methoxy group at the 2-position. It has a role as a metabolite and an antimicrobial agent. It is a tetrahydroxyflavone and a monomethoxyflavone. It is functionally related to a quercetin. It is a conjugate acid of a 3,4,5-trihydroxy-3-methoxyflavon-7-olate. 3-O-Methylquercetin is a natural product found in Lotus ucrainicus, Wollastonia biflora, and other organisms with data available. See also: Tobacco Leaf (part of). 3-O-Methylquercetin (3-MQ), a main constituent of Rhamnus nakaharai, inhibits total cAMP and cGMP-phosphodiesterase (PDE) of guinea pig trachealis. 3-O-Methylquercetin (3-MQ) exhibits IC50 values ranging from 1.6-86.9 μM for PDE isozymes (PDE1-5)[1]. 3-O-Methylquercetin (3-MQ), a main constituent of Rhamnus nakaharai, inhibits total cAMP and cGMP-phosphodiesterase (PDE) of guinea pig trachealis. 3-O-Methylquercetin (3-MQ) exhibits IC50 values ranging from 1.6-86.9 μM for PDE isozymes (PDE1-5)[1].
Ayanin
3,5-dihydroxy-3,4,7-trimethoxyflavone is a trimethoxyflavone that is quercetin in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4 and 7 have been replaced by methoxy groups. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a dihydroxyflavone and a trimethoxyflavone. It is functionally related to a quercetin. It is a conjugate acid of a 3,5-dihydroxy-3,4,7-trimethoxyflavone(1-). Ayanin is a natural product found in Psiadia viscosa, Solanum pubescens, and other organisms with data available. A trimethoxyflavone that is quercetin in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4 and 7 have been replaced by methoxy groups.
Isoeugenol
Isoeugenol is a pale yellow oily liquid with a spice-clove odor. Freezes at 14 °F. Density 1.08 g / cm3. Occurs in ylang-ylang oil and other essential oils. Isoeugenol is a phenylpropanoid that is an isomer of eugenol in which the allyl substituent is replaced by a prop-1-enyl group. It has a role as an allergen and a sensitiser. It is a phenylpropanoid and an alkenylbenzene. It is functionally related to a guaiacol. Isoeugenol is a commonly used fragrance added to many commercially available products, and occurs naturally in the essential oils of plants such as ylang-ylang. It is also a significant dermatologic sensitizer and allergen, and as a result has been restricted to 200 p.p.m. since 1998 according to guidelines issued by the fragrance industry. Allergic reactivity to Isoeugenol may be identified with a patch test. Isoeugenol is a natural product found in Chaerophyllum macrospermum, Origanum sipyleum, and other organisms with data available. Isoeugenol is is a clear to pale yellow oily liquid extracted from certain essential oils especially from clove oil and cinnamon. It is very slightly soluble in water and soluble in organic solvents. It has a spicy odor and taste of clove. Isoeugenol is prepared from eugenol by heating. Eugenol is used in perfumeries, flavorings, essential oils and in medicine (local antiseptic and analgesic). It is used in the production of isoeugenol for the manufacture of vanillin. Eugenol derivatives or methoxyphenol derivatives in wider classification are used in perfumery and flavoring. They are used in formulating insect attractants and UV absorbers, analgesics, biocides and antiseptics. They are also used in manufacturing stabilizers and antioxidants for plastics and rubbers. Isoeugenol is used in manufacturing perfumeries, flavorings, essential oils (odor description: Clove, spicy, sweet, woody) and in medicine (local antiseptic and analgesic) as well as vanillin. (A7915). E-4-Propenyl-2-methoxyphenol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Isoeugenol is an isomer of eugenol, wherein the double bond on the alkyl chain is shifted by one carbon. It also known as propenylgualacol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as methoxyphenols. Methoxyphenols are compounds containing a methoxy group attached to the benzene ring of a phenol moiety. Isoeugenol is also classified as a phenylpropene, a propenyl-substituted guaiacol. Isoeugenol may occur as either the cis (Z) or trans (E) isomer. Trans (E) isoeugenol is crystalline while cis (Z) isoeugenol is a pale, yellow liquid. Isoeugenol is very slightly soluble in water and soluble in organic solvents. It has a spicy, sweet, carnation-like odour and tastes of sweet spice and clove. Isoeugenol is a widely used food flavoring agent and a perfuming agent. As a food flavoring agent, it is responsible for the flavor of nutmeg (in pumpkin pies), As a fragrance, it is extensively used as a scent agent in consumer products such as soaps, shampoos, perfumes, detergents and bath tissues (often labeled as ‚ÄúFragrance‚Äù rather than isoeugenol). However, some individuals can develop allergies to isoeugenol as it appears to be a strong contact allergen (PMID:10554062 ). Isoeugenol can be prepared from eugenol by heating. In addition to its industrial production via eugenol, isoeugenol can also be extracted from certain essential oils especially from clove oil and cinnamon. It is found naturally in a wide number of foods, spices and plants including allspice, basil, blueberries, cinnamon, cloves, coffee, dill, ginber, nutmeg, thyme and turmeric. Isoeugenol is also a component of wood smoke and liquid smoke. It is one of several phenolic compounds responsible for the mold-inhibiting effect of smoke on meats and cheeses. Isoeugenol (specifically the acetate ester) has also been used in the production of vanillin. Isoeugenol is one of several non-cannabinoid phenols found in cannabis plants (PMID:6991645 ). (e)-isoeugenol, also known as 2-methoxy-4-propenylphenol or propenylgualacol, is a member of the class of compounds known as methoxyphenols. Methoxyphenols are compounds containing a methoxy group attached to the benzene ring of a phenol moiety (e)-isoeugenol is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). (e)-isoeugenol is a sweet, carnation, and clove tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as corn salad, coconut, flaxseed, and winter squash, which makes (e)-isoeugenol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products (e)-isoeugenol can be found primarily in saliva (e)-isoeugenol exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans (e)-isoeugenol is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Isoeugenol is an essential oil constituent of nutmeg, clove, and cinnamon. Isoeugenol inhibits growth of Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua with MICs of 0.6 mg/mL and 1 mg/mL, respectively[1]. Isoeugenol is an essential oil constituent of nutmeg, clove, and cinnamon. Isoeugenol inhibits growth of Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua with MICs of 0.6 mg/mL and 1 mg/mL, respectively[1].
Caryatin
Caryatin is a member of flavonoids and an ether. Caryatin is a natural product found in Aeonium decorum, Aeonium lindleyi, and other organisms with data available. Isolated from pecan nuts Carya pecan. 3,5-Dimethylquercetin is found in pecan nut and nuts. Caryatin is found in nuts. Caryatin is isolated from pecan nuts Carya pecan.
Pelargonin
Pelargonin is a member of the class of compounds known as anthocyanidin-5-o-glycosides. Anthocyanidin-5-o-glycosides are phenolic compounds containing one anthocyanidin moiety which is O-glycosidically linked to a carbohydrate moiety at the C5-position. Pelargonin is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Pelargonin can be found in a number of food items such as green bean, grass pea, pomegranate, and yellow wax bean, which makes pelargonin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Pelargonin is an anthocyanin. It is the 3,5-O-diglucoside of pelargonidin . Pelargonin, also known as pelargonin chloride (CAS: 17334-58-6), belongs to the class of organic compounds known as anthocyanidin-5-O-glycosides. These are phenolic compounds containing one anthocyanidin moiety which is O-glycosidically linked to a carbohydrate moiety at the C5-position. Pelargonin is a pigment found in barberries, the petals of the scarlet pelargonium flower pomegranates, and red wine. Pelargonin is found in common bean.
Velutin
Velutin is a dimethoxyflavone that is luteolin in which the hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 3 are replaced by methoxy groups. It has a role as an anti-inflammatory agent, a plant metabolite, a melanin synthesis inhibitor, an antibacterial agent, an antioxidant and an anti-allergic agent. It is a dimethoxyflavone and a dihydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to a 4,5,7-trihydroxy-3-methoxyflavone. Velutin is a natural product found in Avicennia officinalis, Lantana montevidensis, and other organisms with data available. See also: Acai (part of). A dimethoxyflavone that is luteolin in which the hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 3 are replaced by methoxy groups. [Raw Data] CB095_Velutin_neg_50eV_000026.txt [Raw Data] CB095_Velutin_neg_40eV_000026.txt [Raw Data] CB095_Velutin_neg_30eV_000026.txt [Raw Data] CB095_Velutin_neg_20eV_000026.txt [Raw Data] CB095_Velutin_neg_10eV_000026.txt [Raw Data] CB095_Velutin_pos_50eV_CB000040.txt [Raw Data] CB095_Velutin_pos_40eV_CB000040.txt [Raw Data] CB095_Velutin_pos_30eV_CB000040.txt [Raw Data] CB095_Velutin_pos_20eV_CB000040.txt [Raw Data] CB095_Velutin_pos_10eV_CB000040.txt Velutin is an aglycone extracted from Flammulina velutipes, with inhibitory activity against melanin biosynthesis. Velutin reduces osteoclast differentiation and down-regulates HIF-1α through the NF-κB pathway[1][2]. Velutin is an aglycone extracted from Flammulina velutipes, with inhibitory activity against melanin biosynthesis. Velutin reduces osteoclast differentiation and down-regulates HIF-1α through the NF-κB pathway[1][2]. Velutin is an aglycone extracted from Flammulina velutipes, with inhibitory activity against melanin biosynthesis. Velutin reduces osteoclast differentiation and down-regulates HIF-1α through the NF-κB pathway[1][2].
Isoeugenol
A phenylpropanoid that is an isomer of eugenol in which the allyl substituent is replaced by a prop-1-enyl group. It is used in flavourings. Occurs in ylang-ylang and other essential oils. Isoeugenol is found in many foods, some of which are celeriac, spearmint, kale, and pepper (c. baccatum). Isoeugenol is an essential oil constituent of nutmeg, clove, and cinnamon. Isoeugenol inhibits growth of Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua with MICs of 0.6 mg/mL and 1 mg/mL, respectively[1]. Isoeugenol is an essential oil constituent of nutmeg, clove, and cinnamon. Isoeugenol inhibits growth of Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua with MICs of 0.6 mg/mL and 1 mg/mL, respectively[1].
Ferulic acid
(E)-Ferulic acid is a isomer of Ferulic acid which is an aromatic compound, abundant in plant cell walls. (E)-Ferulic acid causes the phosphorylation of β-catenin, resulting in proteasomal degradation of β-catenin and increases the expression of pro-apoptotic factor Bax and decreases the expression of pro-survival factor survivin. (E)-Ferulic acid shows a potent ability to remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibits lipid peroxidation. (E)-Ferulic acid exerts both anti-proliferation and anti-migration effects in the human lung cancer cell line H1299[1]. (E)-Ferulic acid is a isomer of Ferulic acid which is an aromatic compound, abundant in plant cell walls. (E)-Ferulic acid causes the phosphorylation of β-catenin, resulting in proteasomal degradation of β-catenin and increases the expression of pro-apoptotic factor Bax and decreases the expression of pro-survival factor survivin. (E)-Ferulic acid shows a potent ability to remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibits lipid peroxidation. (E)-Ferulic acid exerts both anti-proliferation and anti-migration effects in the human lung cancer cell line H1299[1]. Ferulic acid is a novel fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) inhibitor with IC50s of 3.78 and 12.5 μM for FGFR1 and FGFR2, respectively. Ferulic acid is a novel fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) inhibitor with IC50s of 3.78 and 12.5 μM for FGFR1 and FGFR2, respectively.
Pelargonin
An anthocyanidin glycoside that is pelargonidin in which the two phenolic hydrogens at positions 3 and 5 have been replaced by beta-D-glucosyl residues.
Cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside
A rutinoside consisting of cyanidin having the rutinosyl group at the 3-position.