NCBI Taxonomy: 53749
Echinacea pallida (ncbi_taxid: 53749)
found 90 associated metabolites at species taxonomy rank level.
Ancestor: Echinacea
Child Taxonomies: none taxonomy data.
Rutin
Rutin is a flavonoid known to have a variety of biological activities including antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and anticarcinogenic properties. A large number of flavonoids, mostly O-glycosides, are polyphenolic compounds of natural origin that are present in most fruits and vegetables. The average intake of the compounds by humans on a normal diet is more than 1 g per day. Although flavonoids are devoid of classical nutritional value, they are increasingly viewed as beneficial dietary components that act as potential protectors against human diseases such as coronary heart disease, cancers, and inflammatory bowel disease. Rutin acts as a quercetin deliverer to the large intestine; moreover, quercetin is extensively metabolized in the large intestine, which suggests that quercetin liberated from rutin and/or its colonic metabolites may play a role. Rutins anti-inflammatory actions are mediated through a molecular mechanism that underlies the quercetin-mediated therapeutic effects: quercetin-mediated inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) activation. TNF-alpha-induced NFkB activity plays a central role in the production of pro-inflammatory mediators involved in progression of gut inflammation. (PMID:16132362). Rutin is a rutinoside that is quercetin with the hydroxy group at position C-3 substituted with glucose and rhamnose sugar groups. It has a role as a metabolite and an antioxidant. It is a disaccharide derivative, a quercetin O-glucoside, a tetrahydroxyflavone and a rutinoside. A flavonol glycoside found in many plants, including buckwheat; tobacco; forsythia; hydrangea; viola, etc. It has been used therapeutically to decrease capillary fragility. Rutin is a natural product found in Ficus virens, Visnea mocanera, and other organisms with data available. A flavonol glycoside found in many plants, including BUCKWHEAT; TOBACCO; FORSYTHIA; HYDRANGEA; VIOLA, etc. It has been used therapeutically to decrease capillary fragility. See also: Quercetin (related); Ginkgo (part of); Chamomile (part of) ... View More ... First isolated from Ruta graveolens (rue). Bioflavanoid. Quercetin 3-rutinoside is found in many foods, some of which are tea, bilberry, common oregano, and lemon grass. A rutinoside that is quercetin with the hydroxy group at position C-3 substituted with glucose and rhamnose sugar groups. C - Cardiovascular system > C05 - Vasoprotectives > C05C - Capillary stabilizing agents > C05CA - Bioflavonoids IPB_RECORD: 541; CONFIDENCE confident structure [Raw Data] CBA04_Rutin_neg_50eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA04_Rutin_pos_50eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA04_Rutin_neg_40eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA04_Rutin_pos_10eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA04_Rutin_neg_20eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA04_Rutin_neg_10eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA04_Rutin_neg_30eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA04_Rutin_pos_40eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA04_Rutin_pos_30eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA04_Rutin_pos_20eV.txt Rutin (Rutoside) is a flavonoid found in many plants and shows a wide range of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, neuroprotective, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective and reducing Aβ oligomer activities. Rutin can cross the blood brain barrier. Rutin attenuates vancomycin-induced renal tubular cell apoptosis via suppression of apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress[1][2][3]. Rutin (Rutoside) is a flavonoid found in many plants and shows a wide range of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, neuroprotective, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective and reducing Aβ oligomer activities. Rutin can cross the blood brain barrier. Rutin attenuates vancomycin-induced renal tubular cell apoptosis via suppression of apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress[1][2][3].
Chlorogenic acid
Chlorogenic acid is a cinnamate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid with the 3-hydroxy group of quinic acid. It is an intermediate metabolite in the biosynthesis of lignin. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a food component. It is a cinnamate ester and a tannin. It is functionally related to a (-)-quinic acid and a trans-caffeic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a chlorogenate. Chlorogenic Acid has been used in trials studying the treatment of Advanced Cancer and Impaired Glucose Tolerance. Chlorogenic Acid is a natural product found in Pavetta indica, Fragaria nipponica, and other organisms with data available. Chlorogenic Acid is a polyphenol and the ester of caffeic acid and quinic acid that is found in coffee and black tea, with potential antioxidant and chemopreventive activities. Chlorogenic acid scavenges free radicals, which inhibits DNA damage and may protect against the induction of carcinogenesis. In addition, this agent may upregulate the expression of genes involved in the activation of the immune system and enhances activation and proliferation of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, macrophages, and natural killer cells. Chlorogenic acid also inhibits the activity of matrix metalloproteinases. A naturally occurring phenolic acid which is a carcinogenic inhibitor. It has also been shown to prevent paraquat-induced oxidative stress in rats. (From J Chromatogr A 1996;741(2):223-31; Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1996;60(5):765-68). See also: Arctium lappa Root (part of); Cynara scolymus leaf (part of); Lonicera japonica flower (part of) ... View More ... Chlorogenic acid is an ester of caffeic acid and quinic acid. Chlorogenic acid is the major polyphenolic compound in coffee, isolated from the leaves and fruits of dicotyledonous plants. This compound, long known as an antioxidant, also slows the release of glucose into the bloodstream after a meal. Coffee is a complex mixture of chemicals that provides significant amounts of chlorogenic acid. The chlorogenic acid content of a 200 ml (7-oz) cup of coffee has been reported to range from 70-350 mg, which would provide about 35-175 mg of caffeic acid. The results of epidemiological research suggest that coffee consumption may help prevent several chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, Parkinsons disease and liver disease (cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma). Most prospective cohort studies have not found coffee consumption to be associated with significantly increased cardiovascular disease risk. However, coffee consumption is associated with increases in several cardiovascular disease risk factors, including blood pressure and plasma homocysteine. At present, there is little evidence that coffee consumption increases the risk of cancer. (PMID:16507475, 17368041). A cinnamate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid with the 3-hydroxy group of quinic acid. It is an intermediate metabolite in the biosynthesis of lignin. [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_pos_10eV_1-1_01_209.txt [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_neg_30eV_1-1_01_218.txt [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_neg_20eV_1-1_01_217.txt [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_pos_30eV_1-1_01_211.txt [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_neg_40eV_1-1_01_219.txt [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_pos_20eV_1-1_01_210.txt [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_pos_50eV_1-1_01_213.txt [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_neg_50eV_1-1_01_220.txt [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_neg_10eV_1-1_01_216.txt [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_pos_40eV_1-1_01_212.txt Chlorogenic acid is a major phenolic compound in Lonicera japonica Thunb.. It plays several important and therapeutic roles such as antioxidant activity, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-hypertension. Chlorogenic acid is a major phenolic compound in Lonicera japonica Thunb. It is an orally active antioxidant activity, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-hypertension compound[1][2][3]. Chlorogenic acid is a major phenolic compound in Lonicera japonica Thunb.. It plays several important and therapeutic roles such as antioxidant activity, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-hypertension.
Caffeic acid
Caffeic acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid that is cinnamic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4. It exists in cis and trans forms; the latter is the more common. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor, an EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor, an EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor, an antioxidant and an EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor. It is a hydroxycinnamic acid and a member of catechols. Caffeic Acid is a natural product found in Pavetta indica, Eupatorium cannabinum, and other organisms with data available. Caffeic Acid is an orally bioavailable, hydroxycinnamic acid derivative and polyphenol, with potential anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, caffeic acid acts as an antioxidant and prevents oxidative stress, thereby preventing DNA damage induced by free radicals. Caffeic acid targets and inhibits the histone demethylase (HDM) oncoprotein gene amplified in squamous cell carcinoma 1 (GASC1; JMJD2C; KDM4C) and inhibits cancer cell proliferation. GASC1, a member of the KDM4 subgroup of Jumonji (Jmj) domain-containing proteins, demethylates trimethylated lysine 9 and lysine 36 on histone H3 (H3K9 and H3K36), and plays a key role in tumor cell development. Caffeic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Black Cohosh (part of); Arctium lappa Root (part of); Comfrey Leaf (part of) ... View More ... 3,4-Dihydroxy-trans-cinnamate, also known as trans-Caffeate, is a polyphenol present in normal human urine positively correlated to coffee consumption and influenced by the dietary intake of diverse types of food (PMID:16870009). trans-Caffeic acid is found in many foods, some of which are flaxseed, cereal and cereal products, common grape, fruits, and common sage. It is also found in wine and coffee in free and conjugated forms. Caffeic acid (CAS: 331-39-5) is a polyphenol present in normal human urine positively correlated to coffee consumption and influenced by the dietary intake of diverse types of food (PMID:16870009). Caffeic acid has been found to be a microbial metabolite of Escherichia (PMID: 28396925). Caffeic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=331-39-5 (retrieved 2024-06-28) (CAS RN: 331-39-5). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO).
beta-Sitosterol
beta-Sitosterol, a main dietary phytosterol found in plants, may have the potential for prevention and therapy for human cancer. Phytosterols are plant sterols found in foods such as oils, nuts, and vegetables. Phytosterols, in the same way as cholesterol, contain a double bond and are susceptible to oxidation, and are characterized by anti-carcinogenic and anti-atherogenic properties (PMID:13129445, 11432711). beta-Sitosterol is a phytopharmacological extract containing a mixture of phytosterols, with smaller amounts of other sterols, bonded with glucosides. These phytosterols are commonly derived from the South African star grass, Hypoxis rooperi, or from species of Pinus and Picea. The purported active constituent is termed beta-sitosterol. Additionally, the quantity of beta-sitosterol-beta-D-glucoside is often reported. Although the exact mechanism of action of beta-sitosterols is unknown, it may be related to cholesterol metabolism or anti-inflammatory effects (via interference with prostaglandin metabolism). Compared with placebo, beta-sitosterol improved urinary symptom scores and flow measures (PMID:10368239). A plant food-based diet modifies the serum beta-sitosterol concentration in hyperandrogenic postmenopausal women. This finding indicates that beta-sitosterol can be used as a biomarker of exposure in observational studies or as a compliance indicator in dietary intervention studies of cancer prevention (PMID:14652381). beta-Sitosterol induces apoptosis and activates key caspases in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells (PMID:12579296). Sitosterol is a member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. It has a role as a sterol methyltransferase inhibitor, an anticholesteremic drug, an antioxidant, a plant metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a 3beta-sterol, a stigmastane sterol, a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid, a C29-steroid and a member of phytosterols. It derives from a hydride of a stigmastane. Active fraction of Solanum trilobatum; reduces side-effects of radiation-induced toxicity. Beta-Sitosterol is a natural product found in Elodea canadensis, Ophiopogon intermedius, and other organisms with data available. beta-Sitosterol is one of several phytosterols (plant sterols) with chemical structures similar to that of cholesterol. Sitosterols are white, waxy powders with a characteristic odor. They are hydrophobic and soluble in alcohols. beta-Sitosterol is found in many foods, some of which are ginseng, globe artichoke, sesbania flower, and common oregano. C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28178 - Phytosterol > C68437 - Unsaturated Phytosterol D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1]. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1].
(-)-beta-Pinene
(-)-beta-pinene is the (1S,5S)-enantiomer of beta-pinene. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-beta-pinene. (-)-beta-Pinene is a natural product found in Curcuma amada, Molopospermum peloponnesiacum, and other organisms with data available. Flavouring ingredient. (-)-beta-Pinene is found in many foods, some of which are almond, hyssop, sweet bay, and common sage. (-)-beta-Pinene is found in almond. (-)-beta-Pinene is a flavouring ingredient. The (1S,5S)-enantiomer of beta-pinene. β-Pinene ((-)-β-Pinene), a major component of turpentine, inhibit infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) with an IC50 of 1.32 mM. β-Pinene presents antimicrobial activity[1][2]. β-Pinene ((-)-β-Pinene), a major component of turpentine, inhibit infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) with an IC50 of 1.32 mM. β-Pinene presents antimicrobial activity[1][2].
beta-Myrcene
7-Methyl-3-methylene-1,6-octadiene, also known as beta-Myrcene or myrcene is an acyclic monoterpene. Monoterpenoids are terpenes that contain 10 carbon atoms and are comprised of two isoprene units. The biosynthesis of monoterpenes is known to occur mainly through the methyl-erythritol-phosphate (MEP) pathway in the plastids. beta-Myrcene is a significant component of the essential oil of several plants, including allspice, bay, cannabis, hops, houttuynia, lemon grass, mango, myrcia, verbena, west indian bay tree, and cardamom. It is also the main component of wild thyme, the leaves of which contain up to 40\\\\% by weight of myrcene. Industrially, it is produced mainly semi-synthetically from myrcia, from which it gets its name. Myrcene has been detected as a volatile component in cannabis plant samples (PMID:26657499 ) and its essential oils (PMID:6991645 ). beta-Myrcene is the most abundant monoterpene in Cannabis and it has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, and antimutagenic activities. beta-Myrcene is a flavouring agent and it is used in the perfumery industry. It has a pleasant odor but is rarely used directly. It is a key intermediate in the production of several fragrances such as menthol, citral, citronellol, citronellal, geraniol, nerol, and linalool. Myrcene, [liquid] appears as a yellow oily liquid with a pleasant odor. Flash point below 200 °F. Insoluble in water and less dense than water. Beta-myrcene is a monoterpene that is octa-1,6-diene bearing methylene and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7 respectively. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an anti-inflammatory agent, an anabolic agent, a fragrance, a flavouring agent and a volatile oil component. Myrcene is a natural product found in Teucrium montanum, Xylopia aromatica, and other organisms with data available. 7-Methyl-3-methylene-1,6-octadiene is found in allspice. 7-Methyl-3-methylene-1,6-octadiene is found in many essential oils, e.g. hop oil. 7-Methyl-3-methylene-1,6-octadiene is a flavouring agent. Myrcene is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Caraway Oil (part of); Mandarin oil (part of); Juniper Berry Oil (part of) ... View More ... A monoterpene that is octa-1,6-diene bearing methylene and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7 respectively. Found in many essential oils, e.g. hop oil. Flavouring agent Myrcene (β-Myrcene), an aromatic volatile compound, suppresses TNFα-induced NF-κB activity. Myrcene has anti-invasive effect[1][2]. Myrcene (β-Myrcene), an aromatic volatile compound, suppresses TNFα-induced NF-κB activity. Myrcene has anti-invasive effect[1][2].
(+)-alpha-Pinene
alpha-Pinene (CAS: 80-56-8) is an organic compound of the terpene class and is one of two isomers of pinene. It is found in the oils of many species of many coniferous trees, notably the pine. It is also found in the essential oil of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis). Both enantiomers are known in nature. 1S,5S- or (-)-alpha-pinene is more common in European pines, whereas the 1R,5R- or (+)-alpha-isomer is more common in North America. The racemic mixture is present in some oils such as eucalyptus oil (Wikipedia). alpha-Pinene is an organic compound of the terpene class, one of two isomers of pinene. It is found in the oils of many species of many coniferous trees, notably the pine. It is also found in the essential oil of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis). Both enantiomers are known in nature; 1S,5S- or (-)-alpha-pinene is more common in European pines, whereas the 1R,5R- or (+)-alpha-isomer is more common in North America. The racemic mixture is present in some oils such as eucalyptus oil. (+)-alpha-pinene is the (+)-enantiomer of alpha-pinene. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a human metabolite. It is an enantiomer of a (-)-alpha-pinene. (+)-alpha-Pinene is a natural product found in Juniperus drupacea, Eucalyptus deglupta, and other organisms with data available. The (+)-enantiomer of alpha-pinene. (1R)-α-Pinene is a volatile monoterpene with antimicrobial activities. (1R)-α-Pinene reduces Bacillus cereus population growth, and exhibits repellent effects[1][2]. (1R)-α-Pinene is a volatile monoterpene with antimicrobial activities. (1R)-α-Pinene reduces Bacillus cereus population growth, and exhibits repellent effects[1][2].
Cyanidin 3-glucoside
[C21H21O11]+ (449.10838160000003)
Cyanidin 3-glucoside, also known as chrysanthenin or cyanidin 3-glucoside chloride (CAS: 7084-24-4), belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyranones and derivatives. Pyranones and derivatives are compounds containing a pyran ring which bears a ketone. Cyanidin 3-glucoside is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Outside of the human body, cyanidin 3-glucoside is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as black elderberries, rubus (blackberry, raspberry), and bilberries and in a lower concentration in redcurrants, strawberries, and sweet oranges. Cyanidin 3-glucoside has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as common pea, peaches, Tartary buckwheats, soft-necked garlic, and fats and oils. This could make cyanidin 3-glucoside a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Cyanidin (and its glycosides) is the most commonly occurring of the anthocyanins, a widespread group of pigments responsible for the red-blue colour of many fruits and vegetables (PMID: 14711454). BioTransformer predicts that cyanidin 3-glucoside is a product of cyanidin 3-sophoroside metabolism via a glycoside-hydrolysis reaction occurring in human gut microbiota and catalyzed by the EC.3.2.1.X enzyme (PMID: 30612223). Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Found in many plants and fruits, e.g. cherries, olives and grapes
1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid
Cynarine is a hydroxycinnamic acid and a biologically active chemical constituent of artichoke. Chemically, it is an ester formed from quinic acid and two units of caffeic acid. 1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid is found in cardoon, globe artichoke, and fennel. 1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid is found in cardoon. Cynarine is a hydroxycinnamic acid and a biologically active chemical constituent of artichoke. Chemically, it is an ester formed from quinic acid and two units of caffeic acid. (Wikipedia C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C66913 - Cholagogues or Choleretic Agents D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002756 - Cholagogues and Choleretics [Raw Data] CBA70_Cynarin_neg_30eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA70_Cynarin_neg_20eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA70_Cynarin_pos_30eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA70_Cynarin_neg_50eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA70_Cynarin_pos_20eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA70_Cynarin_neg_40eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA70_Cynarin_neg_10eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA70_Cynarin_pos_10eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA70_Cynarin_pos_40eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA70_Cynarin_pos_50eV.txt Cynarin is an antichoke agent with a variety of biological activities including antioxidant, antihistamic and antiviral activities. Cynarin is an antichoke agent with a variety of biological activities including antioxidant, antihistamic and antiviral activities.
beta-Caryophyllene
beta-Caryophyllene, also known as caryophyllene or (−)-β-caryophyllene, is a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene that is a constituent of many essential oils including that of Syzygium aromaticum (cloves), Cannabis sativa, rosemary, and hops. It is usually found as a mixture with isocaryophyllene (the cis double bond isomer) and α-humulene (obsolete name: α-caryophyllene), a ring-opened isomer. beta-Caryophyllene is notable for having both a cyclobutane ring and a trans-double bond in a nine-membered ring, both rarities in nature (Wikipedia). beta-Caryophyllene is a sweet and dry tasting compound that can be found in a number of food items such as allspice, fig, pot marjoram, and roman camomile, which makes beta-caryophyllene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. beta-Caryophyllene can be found in feces and saliva. (-)-Caryophyllene. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=87-44-5 (retrieved 2024-08-07) (CAS RN: 87-44-5). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). β-Caryophyllene is a CB2 receptor agonist. β-Caryophyllene is a CB2 receptor agonist.
Germacrene D
Germacrene d, also known as germacrene d, (s-(e,e))-isomer, is a member of the class of compounds known as germacrane sesquiterpenoids. Germacrane sesquiterpenoids are sesquiterpenoids having the germacrane skeleton, with a structure characterized by a cyclodecane ring substituted with an isopropyl and two methyl groups. Germacrene d can be found in a number of food items such as peppermint, roman camomile, hyssop, and common walnut, which makes germacrene d a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
Pinene
Pinene (is a bicyclic monoterpene chemical compound. There are two structural isomers of pinene found in nature: alpha-pinene and beta-pinene. As the name suggests, both forms are important constituents of pine resin; they are also found in the resins of many other conifers, as well as in non-coniferous plants. Both isomers are used by many insects in their chemical communication system.
β-Pinene
An isomer of pinene with an exocyclic double bond. It is a component of essential oils from many plants.
Widely distributed in plants, usually associated with a-Pinene
Caftaric acid
Caftaric acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid. Caftaric acid is a natural product found in Vitis rotundifolia, Vitis cinerea var. helleri, and other organisms with data available. Caftaric acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Caftaric acid is a non-flavanoid that impacts the color of white wine. Many believe this molecule is responsible for the yellowish-gold color seen in some whites wines[citation needed]. Aside from wine, it is abundantly present in raisins. Caftaric acid is a natural compound. Caftaric acid is a natural compound.
4,5-Di-O-caffeoylquinic acid
4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid is a quinic acid. 4,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid is a natural product found in Centaurea bracteata, Strychnos axillaris, and other organisms with data available. See also: Lonicera japonica flower (part of); Stevia rebaudiuna Leaf (part of). Isolated from coffee, Brazilian propolis and maté. 4,5-Di-O-caffeoylquinic acid is found in many foods, some of which are carrot, robusta coffee, coffee, and coffee and coffee products. 4,5-Di-O-caffeoylquinic acid is found in arabica coffee. 4,5-Di-O-caffeoylquinic acid is isolated from coffee and Brazilian propoli 3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,4-Di-O-caffeoylquinic acid), naturally isolated from Laggera alata, has antioxidative, DNA protective, neuroprotective and hepatoprotective properties. 3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid exerts apoptosis-mediated cytotoxicity and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects. 3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid possesses a unique mechanism of anti-influenza viral activity, that is, enhancing viral clearance by increasing TRAIL[1][2][3]. 3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,4-Di-O-caffeoylquinic acid), naturally isolated from Laggera alata, has antioxidative, DNA protective, neuroprotective and hepatoprotective properties. 3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid exerts apoptosis-mediated cytotoxicity and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects. 3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid possesses a unique mechanism of anti-influenza viral activity, that is, enhancing viral clearance by increasing TRAIL[1][2][3]. 4,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (Isochlorogenic acid C) is an antioxidant, can be isolated from Gynura divaricata and Laggera alata. 4,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid reduces islet cell apoptosis and improves pancreatic function in type 2 diabetic mice, and has obvious inhibitory activities against yeast α-glucosidase. 4,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid inhibits prostate cancer cells through cell cycle arrest. 4,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid also has anti-apoptotic, anti-injury and anti-hepatitis B virus effects[1][2][3]. 4,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (Isochlorogenic acid C) is an antioxidant, can be isolated from Gynura divaricata and Laggera alata. 4,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid reduces islet cell apoptosis and improves pancreatic function in type 2 diabetic mice, and has obvious inhibitory activities against yeast α-glucosidase. 4,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid inhibits prostate cancer cells through cell cycle arrest. 4,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid also has anti-apoptotic, anti-injury and anti-hepatitis B virus effects[1][2][3].
Chicoric acid
Chicoric acid (CAS: 6537-80-0) is found in the fresh aerial parts of different chicory varieties: green chicory (c.v. Catalogna), two red chicory varieties (radicchio rosso di Chioggia and radicchio rosso di Treviso), and Witloof or Belgian endive. Cichorium sp. L. is a member of the sunflower family (Asteraceae or Compositae), which also includes globe and Jerusalem artichokes, lettuce, and many ornamental plants. It is indigenous to Europe, western Asia, Egypt, and North America. In popular medicine, Cichorium intybus L. has been used to treat skin disorders, such as gout, because of its antihepatotoxic activity. Animal studies have revealed that preparations from chicory roots can lower serum and liver lipid concentration in rats. Cichorium aqueous extracts from roots and aerial parts have been reported for antibacterial activity. Chicory is used as a vegetable, fresh or cooked, while the ground and roasted roots are widely used for blending with coffee powder (PMID: 16076140). Chicoric acid inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integration in vivo and is a noncompetitive but reversible inhibitor of HIV-1 integrase in vitro (PMID: 15302207). D-chicoric acid, also known as D-chicate, belongs to tetracarboxylic acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are carboxylic acids containing exactly four carboxyl groups. D-chicoric acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). D-chicoric acid can be found in green vegetables, which makes D-chicoric acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Cichoric acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid, an organic compound of the phenylpropanoid class and occurs in a variety of plant species. It is a derivative of both caffeic acid and tartaric acid . Chicoric acid is an organooxygen compound. It has a role as a HIV-1 integrase inhibitor and a geroprotector. It is functionally related to a tetracarboxylic acid. Chicoric acid is a natural product found in Cichorium intybus, Cinnamomum camphora, and other organisms with data available. D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019429 - Integrase Inhibitors > D019428 - HIV Integrase Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents > D044966 - Anti-Retroviral Agents Chicoric acid (Cichoric acid), an orally active dicaffeyltartaric acid, induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Chicoric acid inhibits cell viability and induces mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes through ROS-mediated PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. Chicoric acid increases glucose uptake, improves insulin resistance, and attenuates glucosamine-induced inflammation. Chicoric acid has antidiabetic properties and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects[1][2][3]. Chicoric acid (Cichoric acid), an orally active dicaffeyltartaric acid, induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Chicoric acid inhibits cell viability and induces mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes through ROS-mediated PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. Chicoric acid increases glucose uptake, improves insulin resistance, and attenuates glucosamine-induced inflammation. Chicoric acid has antidiabetic properties and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects[1][2][3]. L-Chicoric Acid ((-)-Chicoric acid) is a dicaffeoyltartaric acid and a potent, selective and reversible HIV-1 integrase inhibitor with an IC50 of ~100 nM. L-Chicoric Acid inhibits HIV-1 replication in tissue culture[1][2][3]. L-Chicoric Acid ((-)-Chicoric acid) is a dicaffeoyltartaric acid and a potent, selective and reversible HIV-1 integrase inhibitor with an IC50 of ~100 nM. L-Chicoric Acid inhibits HIV-1 replication in tissue culture[1][2][3].
2-Pentadecanone
2-Pentadecanone is found in cereals and cereal products. 2-Pentadecanone is isolated from hop (Humulus lupulus), coconut (Cocos nucifera) and other oils. Also found in American cranberry, feijoa fruit, quince, asparagus, ginger, wheat bread, soybean, cooked rice and cheeses. 2-Pentadecanone is a flavouring ingredien Isolated from hop (Humulus lupulus), coconut (Cocos nucifera) and other oilsand is also found in American cranberry, feijoa fruit, quince, asparagus, ginger, wheat bread, soybean, cooked rice and cheeses. Flavouring ingredient.
1-Pentadecene
1-Pentadecene, also known as pentadec-1-ene, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons. These are aliphatic Hydrocarbons that contains one or more unsaturated carbon atoms. 1-Pentadecene is an unbranched fifteen-carbon alkene with one double bond between C-1 and C-2. These compounds contain one or more double or triple bonds. Thus, 1-pentadecene is considered to be a hydrocarbon lipid molecule. 1-Pentadecene is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. 1-Pentadecene is found, on average, in the highest concentration within safflowers. 1-Pentadecene has also been detected, but not quantified, in burdocks and watermelons. This could make 1-pentadecene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Occurs in beef and oakmoss oleoresin. 1-Pentadecene is found in many foods, some of which are animal foods, burdock, safflower, and watermelon.
cis-Caffeic acid
Caffeic acid, also known as caffeate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxycinnamic acids. Hydroxycinnamic acids are compounds containing an cinnamic acid where the benzene ring is hydroxylated. Caffeic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. It is the precursor to ferulic acid, coniferyl alcohol, and sinapyl alcohol, all of which are significant building blocks in lignin. Outside of the human body, caffeic acid has been detected, but not quantified in fats and oils and nuts. Caffeic acid is formally rated as a possible carcinogen (by IARC 2B) and is also a potentially toxic compound. Caffeic acid has a variety of potential pharmacological effects in in vitro studies and in animal models, and the inhibitory effect of caffeic acid on cancer cell proliferation by an oxidative mechanism in the human HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cell line has recently been established. It occurs at high levels in black chokeberry (141 mg per 100 g) and in fairly high level in lingonberry (6 mg per 100 g). D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants Found in olive oil, peanuts and other plant sources Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO).
p-Menthan-2-one
p-Menthan-2-one is found in cornmint. p-Menthan-2-one is a flavouring ingredient. Flavouring ingredient. p-Menthan-2-one is found in cornmint.
1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid
1,3-dicaffeoylquinic acid is an alkyl caffeate ester obtained by the formal condensation of hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 3 of ()-quinic acid with two molecules of trans-caffeic acid. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a quinic acid and an alkyl caffeate ester. It is functionally related to a trans-caffeic acid and a (-)-quinic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 1,3-dicaffeoylquinate. Cynarine is a natural product found in Saussurea involucrata, Helichrysum italicum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Cynara scolymus leaf (part of). Cynarine is a hydroxycinnamic acid and a biologically active chemical constituent of artichoke. Chemically, it is an ester formed from quinic acid and two units of caffeic acid. 1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid is found in cardoon, globe artichoke, and fennel. 1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid is found in cardoon. Cynarine is a hydroxycinnamic acid and a biologically active chemical constituent of artichoke. Chemically, it is an ester formed from quinic acid and two units of caffeic acid. (Wikipedia An alkyl caffeate ester obtained by the formal condensation of hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 3 of ()-quinic acid with two molecules of trans-caffeic acid. C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C66913 - Cholagogues or Choleretic Agents D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002756 - Cholagogues and Choleretics 1,3-Dicaffeoylquinic acid is a caffeoylquinic acid derivative that exhibits antioxidant activity and radical scavenging activity. 1,3-Dicaffeoylquinic acid is a caffeoylquinic acid derivative that exhibits antioxidant activity and radical scavenging activity. 1,3-Dicaffeoylquinic acid is a caffeoylquinic acid derivative that exhibits antioxidant activity and radical scavenging activity. Cynarin is an antichoke agent with a variety of biological activities including antioxidant, antihistamic and antiviral activities. Cynarin is an antichoke agent with a variety of biological activities including antioxidant, antihistamic and antiviral activities.
sitosterol
A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28178 - Phytosterol > C68437 - Unsaturated Phytosterol D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1]. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1].
Chlorogenic Acid
IPB_RECORD: 1901; CONFIDENCE confident structure Chlorogenic acid is a major phenolic compound in Lonicera japonica Thunb.. It plays several important and therapeutic roles such as antioxidant activity, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-hypertension. Chlorogenic acid is a major phenolic compound in Lonicera japonica Thunb. It is an orally active antioxidant activity, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-hypertension compound[1][2][3]. Chlorogenic acid is a major phenolic compound in Lonicera japonica Thunb.. It plays several important and therapeutic roles such as antioxidant activity, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-hypertension.
Germacrene D
(-)-germacrene D is a germacrene D. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-germacrene D. (-)-Germacrene D is a natural product found in Teucrium montanum, Stachys obliqua, and other organisms with data available. See also: Clary Sage Oil (part of).
Rutin
C - Cardiovascular system > C05 - Vasoprotectives > C05C - Capillary stabilizing agents > C05CA - Bioflavonoids CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2352 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.724 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.728 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported by the Max-Planck-Society IPB_RECORD: 1921; CONFIDENCE confident structure Rutin (Rutoside) is a flavonoid found in many plants and shows a wide range of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, neuroprotective, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective and reducing Aβ oligomer activities. Rutin can cross the blood brain barrier. Rutin attenuates vancomycin-induced renal tubular cell apoptosis via suppression of apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress[1][2][3]. Rutin (Rutoside) is a flavonoid found in many plants and shows a wide range of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, neuroprotective, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective and reducing Aβ oligomer activities. Rutin can cross the blood brain barrier. Rutin attenuates vancomycin-induced renal tubular cell apoptosis via suppression of apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress[1][2][3].
Caffeate
D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants KEIO_ID C107 Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO).
Caffeic Acid
A hydroxycinnamic acid that is cinnamic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4. It exists in cis and trans forms; the latter is the more common. 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid, also known as caffeic acid or trans-caffeate, is a member of the class of compounds known as hydroxycinnamic acids. Hydroxycinnamic acids are compounds containing an cinnamic acid where the benzene ring is hydroxylated. 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid is slightly soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid can be found in fats and oils and nuts, which makes 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Caffeic acid is an organic compound that is classified as a hydroxycinnamic acid. This yellow solid consists of both phenolic and acrylic functional groups. It is found in all plants because it is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of lignin, one of the principal components of plant biomass and its residues . Caffeic acid is a polyphenol present in normal human urine positively correlated to coffee consumption and influenced by the dietary intake of diverse types of food. (PMID:16870009) [HMDB]. Caffeic acid is found in many foods, some of which are cardoon, coriander, common persimmon, and irish moss. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants Annotation level-2 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 167 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.412 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.403 Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO).
caryophyllene
A beta-caryophyllene in which the stereocentre adjacent to the exocyclic double bond has S configuration while the remaining stereocentre has R configuration. It is the most commonly occurring form of beta-caryophyllene, occurring in many essential oils, particularly oil of cloves. D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents β-Caryophyllene is a CB2 receptor agonist. β-Caryophyllene is a CB2 receptor agonist.
Caftaric acid
Caftaric acid is a natural compound. Caftaric acid is a natural compound.
4,5-DCQA
3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,4-Di-O-caffeoylquinic acid), naturally isolated from Laggera alata, has antioxidative, DNA protective, neuroprotective and hepatoprotective properties. 3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid exerts apoptosis-mediated cytotoxicity and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects. 3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid possesses a unique mechanism of anti-influenza viral activity, that is, enhancing viral clearance by increasing TRAIL[1][2][3]. 3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,4-Di-O-caffeoylquinic acid), naturally isolated from Laggera alata, has antioxidative, DNA protective, neuroprotective and hepatoprotective properties. 3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid exerts apoptosis-mediated cytotoxicity and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects. 3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid possesses a unique mechanism of anti-influenza viral activity, that is, enhancing viral clearance by increasing TRAIL[1][2][3]. 4,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (Isochlorogenic acid C) is an antioxidant, can be isolated from Gynura divaricata and Laggera alata. 4,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid reduces islet cell apoptosis and improves pancreatic function in type 2 diabetic mice, and has obvious inhibitory activities against yeast α-glucosidase. 4,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid inhibits prostate cancer cells through cell cycle arrest. 4,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid also has anti-apoptotic, anti-injury and anti-hepatitis B virus effects[1][2][3]. 4,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (Isochlorogenic acid C) is an antioxidant, can be isolated from Gynura divaricata and Laggera alata. 4,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid reduces islet cell apoptosis and improves pancreatic function in type 2 diabetic mice, and has obvious inhibitory activities against yeast α-glucosidase. 4,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid inhibits prostate cancer cells through cell cycle arrest. 4,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid also has anti-apoptotic, anti-injury and anti-hepatitis B virus effects[1][2][3].
1-PENTADECENE
An unbranched fifteen-carbon alkene with one double bond between C-1 and C-2.
α-Pinene
A pinene that is bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 6 and 6 respectively. (-)-α-Pinene is a monoterpene and shows sleep enhancing property through a direct binding to GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors by acting as a partial modulator at the BZD binding site[1]. (-)-α-Pinene is a monoterpene and shows sleep enhancing property through a direct binding to GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors by acting as a partial modulator at the BZD binding site[1]. (-)-α-Pinene is a monoterpene and shows sleep enhancing property through a direct binding to GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors by acting as a partial modulator at the BZD binding site[1]. (-)-α-Pinene is a monoterpene and shows sleep enhancing property through a direct binding to GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors by acting as a partial modulator at the BZD binding site[1]. (-)-α-Pinene is a monoterpene and shows sleep enhancing property through a direct binding to GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors by acting as a partial modulator at the BZD binding site[1]. (-)-α-Pinene is a monoterpene and shows sleep enhancing property through a direct binding to GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors by acting as a partial modulator at the BZD binding site[1].
Myrcene
Myrcene (β-Myrcene), an aromatic volatile compound, suppresses TNFα-induced NF-κB activity. Myrcene has anti-invasive effect[1][2]. Myrcene (β-Myrcene), an aromatic volatile compound, suppresses TNFα-induced NF-κB activity. Myrcene has anti-invasive effect[1][2].
AI3-63211
D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO).
Harzol
C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28178 - Phytosterol > C68437 - Unsaturated Phytosterol D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1]. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1].
Heriguard
Chlorogenic acid is a major phenolic compound in Lonicera japonica Thunb.. It plays several important and therapeutic roles such as antioxidant activity, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-hypertension. Chlorogenic acid is a major phenolic compound in Lonicera japonica Thunb. It is an orally active antioxidant activity, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-hypertension compound[1][2][3]. Chlorogenic acid is a major phenolic compound in Lonicera japonica Thunb.. It plays several important and therapeutic roles such as antioxidant activity, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-hypertension.
Cyanidin 3-glucoside
C21H21O11+ (449.10838160000003)
Cyanidin 3-glucoside, also known as chrysanthenin or cyanidin 3-glucoside chloride (CAS: 7084-24-4), belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyranones and derivatives. Pyranones and derivatives are compounds containing a pyran ring which bears a ketone. Cyanidin 3-glucoside is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Outside of the human body, cyanidin 3-glucoside is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as black elderberries, rubus (blackberry, raspberry), and bilberries and in a lower concentration in redcurrants, strawberries, and sweet oranges. Cyanidin 3-glucoside has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as common pea, peaches, Tartary buckwheats, soft-necked garlic, and fats and oils. This could make cyanidin 3-glucoside a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Cyanidin (and its glycosides) is the most commonly occurring of the anthocyanins, a widespread group of pigments responsible for the red-blue colour of many fruits and vegetables (PMID: 14711454). BioTransformer predicts that cyanidin 3-glucoside is a product of cyanidin 3-sophoroside metabolism via a glycoside-hydrolysis reaction occurring in human gut microbiota and catalyzed by the EC.3.2.1.X enzyme (PMID: 30612223). Found in many plants and fruits, e.g. cherries, olives and grapes