Allantoin
Allantoin is an imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is 5-aminohydantoin in which a carbamoyl group is attached to the exocyclic nitrogen. It has a role as a vulnerary, a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite and an Escherichia coli metabolite. It is a member of ureas and an imidazolidine-2,4-dione. It is functionally related to a hydantoin. It is a tautomer of a 1-(5-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,3-dihydroimidazol-4-yl)urea. Allantoin is a substance that is endogenous to the human body and also found as a normal component of human diets. In healthy human volunteers, the mean plasma concentration of allantoin is about 2-3 mg/l. During exercise, the plasma allantoin concentration rapidly increases about two fold and remains elevated. In human muscle, urate is oxidized to allantoin during such exercise. The concentration of allantoin in muscles increases from a resting value of about 5000 ug/kg to about 16000 ug/kg immediately after short-term exhaustive cycling exercise. More specifically, allantoin is a diureide of glyoxylic acid that is produced from uric acid. It is a major metabolic intermediate in most organisms. Allantoin is found in OTC cosmetic products and other commercial products such as oral hygiene products, in shampoos, lipsticks, anti-acne products, sun care products, and clarifying lotions. Allantoin has also demonstrated to ameliorate the wound healing process in some studies. Allantoin is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Allantoin is a natural product found in Aristolochia gigantea, Rhinacanthus, and other organisms with data available. Allantoin is a mineral with formula of C4H6N4O3. The corresponding IMA (International Mineralogical Association) number is IMA2020-004a. The IMA symbol is Aan. Allantoin is a diureide of glyoxylic acid with the chemical formula C4H6N4O3. It is also called 5-ureidohydantoin, glyoxyldiureide, and 5-ureidohydantoin. It is a product of oxidation of uric acid. It is a product of purine metabolism in most mammals except higher apes, and it is present in their urine. In humans, uric acid is excreted instead of allantoin. The presence of allantoin in the urine can be an indication of microbial overgrowth or it can be created via non-enzymatic means through high levels of reactive oxygen species. In this regard Allantoin is sometimes used as a marker of oxidative stress. Allantoin can be isolated from cow urine or as a botanical extract of the comfrey plant. It has long been used for its healing, soothing, and anti-irritating properties. Allantoin helps to heal wounds and skin irritations and stimulates the growth of healthy tissue. Allantoin can be found in anti-acne products, sun care products, and clarifying lotions because of its ability to help heal minor wounds and promote healthy skin. Allantoin is frequently present in toothpaste, mouthwash, and other oral hygiene products as well as shampoos, lipsticks, various cosmetic lotions and creams and other cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. Allantoin is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A urea hydantoin that is found in URINE and PLANTS and is used in dermatological preparations. See also: Alcloxa (active moiety of); Comfrey Leaf (part of); Comfrey Root (part of) ... View More ... Allantoin is a chemical compound with formula C4H6N4O3. It is also called 5-ureidohydantoin or glyoxyldiureide. It is a diureide of glyoxylic acid. Named after the allantois, an amniote embryonic excretory organ in which it concentrates during development in most mammals except humans and higher apes, it is a product of oxidation of uric acid by purine catabolism. After birth, it is the predominant means by which nitrogenous waste is excreted in the urine of these animals. In humans and higher apes, the metabolic pathway for conversion of uric acid to allantoin is not present, so the former is excreted. Recombinant rasburicase is sometimes used as a drug to catalyze this metabolic conversion in patients. In fish, allantoin is broken down further (into ammonia) before excretion. Allantoin is a major metabolic intermediate in many other organisms including plants and bacteria.; Its chemical formula is C4H6N4O3. It is also called 5-ureidohydantoin, glyoxyldiureide, and 5-ureidohydantoin. It is a product of oxidation of uric acid. It is a diureide of glyoxylic acid. It is a product of purine metabolism in most mammals except higher apes, and it is present in their urine. Allantoin is a botanical extract of the comfrey plant and is used for its healing, soothing, and anti-irritating properties. Allantoin helps to heal wounds and skin irritations and stimulate growth of healthy tissue. This extract can be found in anti-acne products, sun care products, and clarifying lotions because of its ability to help heal minor wounds and promote healthy skin. Allantoin is a diureide of glyoxylic acid with the chemical formula C4H6N4O3. It is also called 5-ureidohydantoin or glyoxyldiureide. It is a product of the oxidation of uric acid. It is also a product of purine metabolism in most mammals except for higher apes, and it is present in their urine. In humans, uric acid is excreted instead of allantoin. The presence of allantoin in the urine can be an indication of microbial overgrowth or it can be created via non-enzymatic means through high levels of reactive oxygen species. In this regard, allantoin is sometimes used as a marker of oxidative stress. Allantoin can be isolated from cow urine or as a botanical extract of the comfrey plant. It has long been used for its healing, soothing, and anti-irritating properties. Allantoin helps to heal wounds and skin irritations and stimulates the growth of healthy tissue. Allantoin can be found in anti-acne products, sun care products, and clarifying lotions because of its ability to help heal minor wounds and promote healthy skin. Allantoin is frequently present in toothpaste, mouthwash, and other oral hygiene products as well as in shampoos, lipsticks, various cosmetic lotions and creams, and other cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. It is also a metabolite of Bacillus (PMID: 18302748) and Streptomyces (PMID: 24292080). An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is 5-aminohydantoin in which a carbamoyl group is attached to the exocyclic nitrogen. Allantoin. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=5377-33-3 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 97-59-6). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Allantoin is a skin conditioning agent that promotes healthy skin, stimulates new and healthy tissue growth. Allantoin is a skin conditioning agent that promotes healthy skin, stimulates new and healthy tissue growth.
Uridine
Uridine, also known as beta-uridine or 1-beta-D-ribofuranosylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, is a member of the class of compounds known as pyrimidine nucleosides. Pyrimidine nucleosides are compounds comprising a pyrimidine base attached to a ribosyl or deoxyribosyl moiety. More specifically, uridine is a nucleoside consisting of uracil and D-ribose and a component of RNA. Uridine is soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Uridine can be synthesized from uracil. It is one of the five standard nucleosides which make up nucleic acids, the others being adenosine, thymidine, cytidine and guanosine. The five nucleosides are commonly abbreviated to their one-letter codes U, A, T, C and G respectively. Uridine is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, nikkomycin Z, 3-(enolpyruvyl)uridine 5-monophosphate, and 5-aminomethyl-2-thiouridine. Uridine can be found in most biofluids, including urine, breast milk, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and blood. Within the cell, uridine is primarily located in the mitochondria, in the nucleus and the lysosome. It can also be found in the extracellular space. As an essential nucleoside, uridine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, uridine is involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include dhydropyrimidinase deficiency, MNGIE (mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy), and beta-ureidopropionase deficiency. Moreover, uridine is found to be associated with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, which is an inborn error of metabolism. Uridine is a nucleoside consisting of uracil and D-ribose and a component of RNA. Uridine plays a role in the glycolysis pathway of galactose. In humans there is no catabolic process to metabolize galactose. Therefore, galactose is converted to glucose and metabolized via the normal glucose metabolism pathways. More specifically, consumed galactose is converted into galactose 1-phosphate (Gal-1-P). This molecule is a substrate for the enzyme galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase which transfers a UDP molecule to the galactose molecule. The end result is UDP-galactose and glucose-1-phosphate. This process is continued to allow the proper glycolysis of galactose. Uridine is found in many foods (anything containing RNA) but is destroyed in the liver and gastrointestinal tract, and so no food, when consumed, has ever been reliably shown to elevate blood uridine levels. On the other hand, consumption of RNA-rich foods may lead to high levels of purines (adenine and guanosine) in blood. High levels of purines are known to increase uric acid production and may aggravate or lead to conditions such as gout. Uridine is a ribonucleoside composed of a molecule of uracil attached to a ribofuranose moiety via a beta-N(1)-glycosidic bond. It has a role as a human metabolite, a fundamental metabolite and a drug metabolite. It is functionally related to a uracil. Uridine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Uridine is a Pyrimidine Analog. The chemical classification of uridine is Pyrimidines, and Analogs/Derivatives. Uridine is a natural product found in Ulva australis, Synechocystis, and other organisms with data available. Uridine is a nucleoside consisting of uracil and D-ribose and a component of RNA. Uridine has been studied as a rescue agent to reduce the toxicities associated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), thereby allowing the administration of higher doses of 5-FU in chemotherapy regimens. (NCI04) Uridine is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A ribonucleoside in which RIBOSE is linked to URACIL. Uridine is a molecule (known as a nucleoside) that is formed when uracil is attached to a ribose ring (also known as a ribofuranose) via a b-N1-glycosidic bond. ; Uridine is a molecule (known as a nucleoside) that is formed when uracil is attached to a ribose ring (also known as a ribofuranose) via a ?-N1-glycosidic bond. Uridine is found in many foods, some of which are celery leaves, canola, common hazelnut, and hickory nut. A ribonucleoside composed of a molecule of uracil attached to a ribofuranose moiety via a beta-N(1)-glycosidic bond. [Spectral] Uridine (exact mass = 244.06954) and Adenosine (exact mass = 267.09675) and Glutathione (exact mass = 307.08381) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. [Spectral] Uridine (exact mass = 244.06954) and Glutathione (exact mass = 307.08381) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. Uridine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=58-96-8 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 58-96-8). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Uridine (β-Uridine) is a glycosylated pyrimidine-analog containing uracil attached to a ribose ring (or more specifically, aribofuranose) via a β-N1-glycosidic bond. Uridine (β-Uridine) is a glycosylated pyrimidine-analog containing uracil attached to a ribose ring (or more specifically, aribofuranose) via a β-N1-glycosidic bond. Uridine (β-Uridine) is a glycosylated pyrimidine-analog containing uracil attached to a ribose ring (or more specifically, aribofuranose) via a β-N1-glycosidic bond.
beta-Lactose
Beta-lactose is the beta-anomer of lactose. beta-Lactose contains a Lactosylceramide motif and is often attached to a Cer aglycon. beta-Lactose is a natural product found in Hypericum perforatum with data available. A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry. Beta-Lactose is the beta-pyranose form of the compound lactose [CCD]. D000074385 - Food Ingredients > D005503 - Food Additives D010592 - Pharmaceutic Aids > D005421 - Flavoring Agents Beta-pyranose form of the compound lactose [CCD] The beta-anomer of lactose. Lactose, a major sugar in the milk of most species, could regulate human’s intestinal microflora. Lactose, a major sugar in the milk of most species, could regulate human’s intestinal microflora. α-Lactose (α-D-Lactose) is the major sugar present in milk. Lactose exists in the form of two anomers, α and β. The α form normally crystallizes as a monohydrate[1][2]. α-Lactose (α-D-Lactose) is the major sugar present in milk. Lactose exists in the form of two anomers, α and β. The α form normally crystallizes as a monohydrate[1][2].
Bergamottin
Bergomottin is a furanocoumarin. It has a role as a metabolite. Bergamottin is a natural product found in Hansenia forbesii, Citrus hystrix, and other organisms with data available. See also: Lime (Citrus) (part of). D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents > D017319 - Photosensitizing Agents > D011564 - Furocoumarins A natural product found in Citrus hystrix. Bergamottin is a potent and competitive CYP1A1 inhibitor with a Ki of 10.703 nM. Bergamottin is a potent and competitive CYP1A1 inhibitor with a Ki of 10.703 nM.
ARNEBIN-7
Deoxyshikonin is a hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone. Deoxyshikonin is a natural product found in Arnebia hispidissima, Alkanna cappadocica, and other organisms with data available. See also: Arnebia guttata root (part of); Arnebia euchroma root (part of); Lithospermum erythrorhizon root (part of). Deoxyshikonin is isolated from Arnebia euchroma with antitumor activity. Deoxyshikonin increases the expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-A mRNA in HMVEC-dLy, promotes HIF-1α and HIF-1β subunit interaction and binds to specific DNA sequences targeted by HIF, indicates a prolymphangiogenesis as well as a proangiogenesis effect in vitro[1]. Deoxyshikonin shows significant synergic antimicrobial activity against S. pneumonia (MIC=17 μg/mL), also shows significantly inhibitory activities against MRSA[2]. Deoxyshikonin increases the expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-A mRNA in HMVEC-dLy, promotes HIF-1α and HIF-1β subunit interaction and binds to specific DNA sequences targeted by HIF. Deoxyshikonin inhibited colorectal cancer (CRC) through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Deoxyshikonin has proangiogenesis effect and antitumor activity. Deoxyshikonin is an antibacterial agent against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and S. pneumonia (MIC=17 μg/mL)[1][2][3]. Deoxyshikonin is isolated from Arnebia euchroma with antitumor activity. Deoxyshikonin increases the expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-A mRNA in HMVEC-dLy, promotes HIF-1α and HIF-1β subunit interaction and binds to specific DNA sequences targeted by HIF, indicates a prolymphangiogenesis as well as a proangiogenesis effect in vitro[1]. Deoxyshikonin shows significant synergic antimicrobial activity against S. pneumonia (MIC=17 μg/mL), also shows significantly inhibitory activities against MRSA[2].
lappacontine
D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics Lappaconitine is a diterpenoid.
(-)-3-Isothujone
(-)-3-Isothujone is found in alcoholic beverages. Ingredient of absinthe. Presence in food and beverages regulated by legislation.Thujone is a ketone and a monoterpene that occurs naturally in two diastereomeric forms: (-)-alpha-thujone and (+)-beta-thujone. It has a menthol odor. In addition to (-)-alpha-thujone and (+)-beta-thujone, there are their enantiomeric forms, (+)-alpha-thujone and (-)-beta-thujone. (Wikipedia (-)-alpha-thujone is the (1S,4R,5R)-stereoisomer of alpha-thujone. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-alpha-thujone. alpha-Thujone is a natural product found in Xylopia sericea, Rhododendron mucronulatum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Artemisia absinthium whole (part of). A thujane monoterpenoid that is thujane substituted by an oxo group at position 3. Ingredient of absinthe. Presence in food and beverages regulated by legislation α-Thujone is a monoterpene isolated from Thuja occidentalis essential oil with potent anti-tumor activities. α-Thujone is a reversible modulator of the GABA type A receptor and the IC50 for α-Thujone is 21 μM in suppressing the GABA-induced currents. α-Thujone induces ROS accumulation-dependent cytotoxicity, also induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. α-Thujone has antinociceptive, insecticidal, and anthelmintic activity, and easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier[1][2][3]. α-Thujone is a monoterpene isolated from Thuja occidentalis essential oil with potent anti-tumor activities. α-Thujone is a reversible modulator of the GABA type A receptor and the IC50 for α-Thujone is 21 μM in suppressing the GABA-induced currents. α-Thujone induces ROS accumulation-dependent cytotoxicity, also induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. α-Thujone has antinociceptive, insecticidal, and anthelmintic activity, and easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier[1][2][3]. α-Thujone is a monoterpene isolated from Thuja occidentalis essential oil with potent anti-tumor activities. α-Thujone is a reversible modulator of the GABA type A receptor and the IC50 for α-Thujone is 21 μM in suppressing the GABA-induced currents. α-Thujone induces ROS accumulation-dependent cytotoxicity, also induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. α-Thujone has antinociceptive, insecticidal, and anthelmintic activity, and easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier[1][2][3].
Azadirachtin
Azadirachtin A is a member of the family of azadirachtins that is isolated from the neem tree (Azadirachta indica). It has a role as a hepatoprotective agent. It is an azadirachtin, an organic heterotetracyclic compound, an acetate ester, an epoxide, an enoate ester, a cyclic hemiketal, a tertiary alcohol, a secondary alcohol and a methyl ester. Azadirachtin is a natural product found in Azadirachta and Azadirachta indica with data available. D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals [Raw Data] CBB03_Azadirachtin_pos_40eV.txt [Raw Data] CBB03_Azadirachtin_pos_10eV.txt [Raw Data] CBB03_Azadirachtin_pos_50eV.txt [Raw Data] CBB03_Azadirachtin_pos_20eV.txt [Raw Data] CBB03_Azadirachtin_pos_30eV.txt
Sophoramine
Sophoramine is a naphthyridine derivative. Sophoramine is a natural product found in Sophora viciifolia, Sophora pachycarpa, and other organisms with data available.
Deoxycytidine
Deoxycytidine, also known as dC, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrimidine 2-deoxyribonucleosides. Pyrimidine 2-deoxyribonucleosides are compounds consisting of a pyrimidine linked to a ribose which lacks a hydroxyl group at position 2. Deoxycytidine is also classified as a deoxyribonucleoside, a component of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Deoxycytidine is similar to the ribonucleoside cytidine, but with one hydroxyl group removed from the 2 position. Deoxycytidine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. Degradation of DNA through apoptosis or cell death produces deoxycytidine. Within humans, deoxycytidine participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, deoxycytidine can be biosynthesized from dCMP through the action of the enzyme cytosolic purine 5-nucleotidase. In addition, deoxycytidine can be converted into dCMP; which is mediated by the enzyme uridine-cytidine kinase-like 1. Deoxycytidine can be phosphorylated at the C-5 position by the enzyme deoxycytidine kinase to produce deoxycytidine monophosphate (dCMP), and to a lesser extent, deoxycytidine diphosphate (dCDP), and deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP). Deoxycytidine can also be phosphorylated by thymidine kinase 2 (TK2). Deoxycytidine can potentially be used for the treatment of the metabolic disorder known as thymidine kinase 2 deficiency (TK2 deficiency). TK2 deficiency has three disease subtypes: i) infantile-onset myopathy with rapid progression to early death ii) childhood-onset myopathy, which resembles spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type III, begins between ages 1 and 12 years with progression to loss of ambulation within few years and iii) late-onset myopathy starting at age 12 year or later with moderate to severe myopathy manifesting as either isolated chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) or a generalized myopathy with CPEO plus facial and limb weakness, gradual progression, and, in some cases, respiratory failure and loss of ability to walk in adulthood (PMID: 28318037). In mouse models of TK2, dC was shown to delay disease onset, prolong life span and restore mtDNA copy number as well as respiratory chain enzyme activities (PMID: 28318037). One of the principal nucleosides of DNA composed of cytosine and deoxyribose. A nucleoside consists of only a pentose sugar linked to a purine or pyrimidine base, without a phosphate group. When N1 is linked to the C1 of deoxyribose, deoxynucleosides and nucleotides are formed from cytosine and deoxyribose; deoxycytidine monophosphate (dCMP), deoxycytidine diphosphate (dCDP), deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP). CTP is the source of the cytidine in RNA (ribonucleic acid) and deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP) is the source of the deoxycytidine in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). [HMDB]. Deoxycytidine is found in many foods, some of which are japanese pumpkin, turmeric, prairie turnip, and kai-lan. C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C272 - Antimetabolite Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. C26170 - Protective Agent > C2459 - Chemoprotective Agent COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map KEIO_ID D055; [MS2] KO008940 Corona-virus KEIO_ID D055 Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS 2'-Deoxycytidine, a deoxyribonucleoside, can inhibit biological effects of Bromodeoxyuridine (Brdu). 2'-Deoxycytidine is essential for the synthesis of nucleic acids, that can be used for the research of cancer[1][2]. 2'-Deoxycytidine, a deoxyribonucleoside, could inhibit biological effects of Bromodeoxyuridine (Brdu).
Pseudouridine
Beta-pseudouridine, also known as p or 5-(b-D-ribofuranosyl)uracil, is a member of the class of compounds known as nucleoside and nucleotide analogues. Nucleoside and nucleotide analogues are analogues of nucleosides and nucleotides. These include phosphonated nucleosides, C-glycosylated nucleoside bases, analogues where the sugar unit is a pyranose, and carbocyclic nucleosides, among others. Beta-pseudouridine is soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Beta-pseudouridine can be found in a number of food items such as eggplant, wax gourd, asparagus, and garden cress, which makes beta-pseudouridine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Beta-pseudouridine can be found primarily in amniotic fluid, blood, feces, and urine. Beta-pseudouridine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Moreover, beta-pseudouridine is found to be associated with canavan disease. Pseudouridine, also known as psi-uridine or 5-ribosyluracil, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as nucleoside and nucleotide analogues. These are analogues of nucleosides and nucleotides, such as phosphonated nucleosides, C-glycosylated nucleoside bases, analogues where the sugar unit is a pyranose, and carbocyclic nucleosides. Pseudouridine specifically has its uracil attached via a carbon-carbon instead of a nitrogen-carbon glycosidic bond to the ribofuranose. It is the most prevalent of the over one hundred different modified nucleosides found in RNA (PMID: 17113994). Pseudouridine is a solid that is soluble in water. Pseudouridine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans, and is in all classes of RNA except mRNA. It is formed by enzymes called pseudouridine synthases, which post-transcriptionally isomerize specific uridine residues in RNA. Pseudouridine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=1445-07-4 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 1445-07-4). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Pseudouridine is an isomer of the nucleoside uridine, and the most abundant modified nucleoside in non-coding RNAs. Pseudouridine in rRNA and tRNA can fine-tune and stabilize the regional structure and help maintain their functions in mRNA decoding, ribosome assembly, processing and translation[1][2][3][4]. Pseudouridine is an isomer of the nucleoside uridine, and the most abundant modified nucleoside in non-coding RNAs. Pseudouridine in rRNA and tRNA can fine-tune and stabilize the regional structure and help maintain their functions in mRNA decoding, ribosome assembly, processing and translation[1][2][3][4].
Sulfadoxine
Sulfadoxine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other drugs, for respiratory, urinary tract, and malarial infections. [PubChem]Sulfadoxine is a sulfa drug, often used in combination with pyrimethamine to treat malaria. This medicine may also be used to prevent malaria in people who are living in, or will be traveling to, an area where there is a chance of getting malaria. Sulfadoxine targets Plasmodium dihydropteroate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase. Sulfa drugs or Sulfonamides are antimetabolites. They compete with para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) for incorporation into folic acid. The action of sulfonamides exploits the difference between mammal cells and other kinds of cells in their folic acid metabolism. All cells require folic acid for growth. Folic acid (as a vitamin) diffuses or is transported into human cells. However, folic acid cannot cross bacterial (and certain protozoan) cell walls by diffusion or active transport. For this reason bacteria must synthesize folic acid from p-aminobenzoic acid. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C276 - Antiparasitic Agent > C277 - Antiprotozoal Agent D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D013424 - Sulfanilamides CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1010
Phenyl dihydrogen phosphate
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2498 KEIO_ID P033
Danazol
Danazol is a synthetic steroid with anti-oestrogenic and anti progestogenic activity, and weak androgenic properties. Danazol suppresses oestrogen and progesterone receptors in the endometrium, leading to endometrial atrophy (thinning of the lining of the uterus) and reduced menstrual loss and to amenorrhoea in some women. Danazol significantly lowers the duration of menses when compared with NSAIDs and a progesterone releasing IUD; however, caused more adverse events than NSAIDs and progestogens. The use of Danazol may be limited by its side effect profile, its acceptability to women and the need for continuing treatment. Because danazol is structurally related to the anabolic steroid stanozolol, its use should be questioned. Derivatization methods and GC/MS data are used to implement danazol detection in routine screening and confirmation procedures in doping analysis. Danazol main metabolite ethisterone is excreted relatively fast in urine. (PMID: 17636649, 1640693, 16288903) [HMDB] Danazol is a synthetic steroid with anti-oestrogenic and anti progestogenic activity, and weak androgenic properties. Danazol suppresses oestrogen and progesterone receptors in the endometrium, leading to endometrial atrophy (thinning of the lining of the uterus) and reduced menstrual loss and to amenorrhoea in some women. Danazol significantly lowers the duration of menses when compared with NSAIDs and a progesterone releasing IUD; however, caused more adverse events than NSAIDs and progestogens. The use of Danazol may be limited by its side effect profile, its acceptability to women and the need for continuing treatment. Because danazol is structurally related to the anabolic steroid stanozolol, its use should be questioned. Derivatization methods and GC/MS data are used to implement danazol detection in routine screening and confirmation procedures in doping analysis. Danazol main metabolite ethisterone is excreted relatively fast in urine. (PMID: 17636649, 1640693, 16288903). CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 253; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9896; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9894 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 253; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9859; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9858 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 253; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9824; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9822 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 253; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9882; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9880 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 253; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9866; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9865 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 253; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9843; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9841 G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03X - Other sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03XA - Antigonadotropins and similar agents D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D004965 - Estrogen Antagonists C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C547 - Hormone Antagonist > C2092 - Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Antagonist C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C2360 - Anabolic Steroid
Valdecoxib
Valdecoxib is a prescription drug used in the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and painful menstruation and menstrual symptoms. It is classified as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, or NSAID, and should not be taken by anyone allergic to these types of medications. [HMDB] Valdecoxib is a prescription drug used in the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and painful menstruation and menstrual symptoms. It is classified as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, or NSAID, and should not be taken by anyone allergic to these types of medications. M - Musculo-skeletal system > M01 - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products > M01A - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids > M01AH - Coxibs D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors > D052246 - Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1323 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents
Mefloquine
Mefloquine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a phospholipid-interacting antimalarial drug (antimalarials). It is very effective against plasmodium falciparum with very few side effects. [PubChem]Mefloquine has been found to produce swelling of the Plasmodium falciparum food vacuoles. It may act by forming toxic complexes with free heme that damage membranes and interact with other plasmodial components. P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P01 - Antiprotozoals > P01B - Antimalarials > P01BC - Methanolquinolines D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C276 - Antiparasitic Agent > C277 - Antiprotozoal Agent COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials COVID info from clinicaltrials, clinicaltrial Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
4,4'-Diphenylmethane diisocyanate
COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
11-Ketoetiocholanolone
11-Ketoetiocholanolone is an endogenous anabolic androgenic steroid. The concentration ratio of 11-hydroxyetiocholanolone/11-hydroxyandrosterone is increased in patients with uterine leiomyomas, and it appears to be caused by a decrease in patients metabolite of steroids. The concentration of 11-Ketoetiocholanolone is significantly higher in these patients. There is a relationship between urinary endogenous steroid metabolites and lower urinary tract function related to the residual vol. in uroflowmetry in postmenopausal women. (PMID: 15808004, 14698830, 12728469) [HMDB] 11-Ketoetiocholanolone is an endogenous anabolic androgenic steroid. The concentration ratio of 11-hydroxyetiocholanolone/11-hydroxyandrosterone is increased in patients with uterine leiomyomas, and it appears to be caused by a decrease in patients metabolite of steroids. The concentration of 11-Ketoetiocholanolone is significantly higher in these patients. There is a relationship between urinary endogenous steroid metabolites and lower urinary tract function related to the residual volume in uroflowmetry in postmenopausal women. (PMID: 15808004, 14698830, 12728469). D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
Tetrahydrocorticosterone
Tetrahydrocorticosterone belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 21-hydroxysteroids. These are steroids carrying a hydroxyl group at the 21-position of the steroid backbone. Thus, tetrahydrocorticosterone is considered to be a steroid lipid molecule. Tetrahydrocorticosterone is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Tetrahydrocorticosterone is one of the major urinary metabolites from corticosterone. Premenopausal patients with early breast cancer excrete subnormal amounts of tetrahydrocorticosterone as compared with the normal subjects of corresponding ages (PMID: 1133844). D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
Punicic acid
alpha-Eleostearic acid is found in bitter gourd. alpha-Eleostearic acid is isolated from seed oil of Momordica charantia (bitter melon Isolated from seed oil of Momordica charantia (bitter melon). alpha-Eleostearic acid is found in bitter gourd and fruits.
9-Oxo-ODE
9-OxoODE results from oxidation of the allylic hydroxyl of either 9(S)- or 9(R)-HODE. Rabbit reticulocyte plasma and mitochondrial membranes contain both 9- and 13-oxoODEs, representing about 2\\% of the total linoleate residues in the membranes. Most of these oxidized linoleate residues are esterified to membrane lipids. [HMDB] 9-OxoODE results from oxidation of the allylic hydroxyl of either 9(S)- or 9(R)-HODE. Rabbit reticulocyte plasma and mitochondrial membranes contain both 9- and 13-oxoODEs, representing about 2\\% of the total linoleate residues in the membranes. Most of these oxidized linoleate residues are esterified to membrane lipids.
Isobutyric acid
Isobutyric acid is a carboxylic or short chain fatty acid with characteristic sweat-like smell. Small amount of isobutyrate is generated via microbial (gut) metabolism. Small amounts may also be found in certain foods or fermented beverages. There is anosmia (genetic inability to smell) for the odor of isobutyric acid with a frequency of about 2.5\\%. (OMIM 207000). Isobutyric acid is slightly soluble in water but much more soluble in ethanol, ether and organic solvents. Isobutyric acid can affect people if breathed in and may be absorbed through the skin. Contact can irritate and burn the skin and eyes. Breathing Isobutyric acid can irritate the nose, throat and lungs causing coughing, wheezing and/or shortness of breath. Present in apple, morello cherry, guava fruit, wine grapes, pineapple, crispbread, other breads, cheeses, wines, scallop and several essential oils, e.g. Roman chamomile. Acid and simple esters used as flavouring agents KEIO_ID I012
Epsilon-caprolactam
Caprolactam, also known as aminocaproic lactam or hexahydro-2h-azepin-2-one, is a member of the class of compounds known as caprolactams. Caprolactams are cyclic amides of caproic acid. Caproic acid is the carboxylic acid derived from hexane with the general formula C5H11COOH. Caprolactam is soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Caprolactam is an amine, bitter, and spicy tasting compound found in sunflower, which makes caprolactam a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Caprolactam (CPL) is an organic compound with the formula (CH2)5C(O)NH. This colourless solid is a lactam (a cyclic amide) of caproic acid. Global demand for this compound is approximately 5 million tons per year, and the vast majority is used to make Nylon 6 filament, fiber, and plastics . Epsilon-caprolactam, also known as Caprolactam or Aminocaproic lactam, is classified as a member of the Caprolactams. Caprolactams are cyclic amides of caproic acid. Caproic acid is the carboxylic acid derived from hexane with the general formula C5H11COOH. Epsilon-caprolactam is considered to be soluble (in water) and relatively neutral. Epsilon-caprolactam is an amine, bitter, and spicy tasting compound found in Sunflowers D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams
Propionic acid
Propionic acid (PA) is an organic acid. It exists a clear liquid with a pungent and unpleasant smell somewhat resembling body odor. Propionic acid (PA) is widely used as an antifungal agent in food. It is present naturally at low levels in dairy products and occurs ubiquitously, together with other short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), in the gastro-intestinal tract of humans and other mammals as an end-product of the microbial digestion of carbohydrates. The metabolism of propionic acid begins with its conversion to propionyl coenzyme A, the usual first step in the metabolism of carboxylic acids. Since propionic acid has three carbons, propionyl-CoA cannot directly enter either beta oxidation or the citric acid cycles. In most vertebrates, propionyl-CoA is carboxylated to D-methylmalonyl-CoA, which is isomerised to L-methylmalonyl-CoA. Propionic acid has significant physiological activity in animals. Propionic acid is irritant but produces no acute systemic effects and has no demonstrable genotoxic potential (PMID 1628870). The human skin is host of several species of bacteria known as Propionibacteria, which are named after their ability to produce propionic acid. The most notable one is the Cutibacterium acnes (formerly known as Propionibacterium acnes), which lives mainly in the sebaceous glands of the skin and is one of the principal causes of acne. Propionic aciduria is one of the most frequent organic acidurias, a disease that comprise many various disorders. The outcome of patients born with Propionic aciduria is poor intellectual development patterns, with 60\\\% having an IQ less than 75 and requiring special education. Successful liver and/or renal transplantations, in a few patients, have resulted in better quality of life but have not necessarily prevented neurological and various visceral complications. These results emphasize the need for permanent metabolic follow-up whatever the therapeutic strategy (PMID 15868474). Decreased early mortality, less severe symptoms at diagnosis, and more favorable short-term neurodevelopmental outcome were recorded in patients identified through expanded newborn screening. (PMID 16763906)↵ When propionic acid is infused directly into rodents brains, it produces hyperactivity, dystonia, social impairment, perseveration and brain changes (e.g., innate neuroinflammation, glutathione depletion) that may be used as a means to model autism in rats. Propionic acid is a metabolite of Bacteroides, Clostridium, Dialister, Megasphaera, Phascolarctobacterium, Propionibacterium, Propionigenum, Salmonella, Selenomonas and Veillonella (https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/3/2/21). Propionic acid, also known as propionate or ethanecarboxylic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as carboxylic acids. Carboxylic acids are compounds containing a carboxylic acid group with the formula -C(=O)OH. Thus, propionic acid is considered to be a fatty acid lipid molecule. Propionic acid is soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Propionic acid can be found in a number of food items such as celery stalks, burbot, sapodilla, and dock, which makes propionic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Propionic acid can be found primarily in most biofluids, including feces, saliva, blood, and urine, as well as throughout most human tissues. Propionic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, propionic acid is involved in a couple of metabolic pathways, which include propanoate metabolism and vitamin K metabolism. Propionic acid is also involved in few metabolic disorders, which include malonic aciduria, malonyl-coa decarboxylase deficiency, and methylmalonic aciduria due to cobalamin-related disorders. Moreover, propionic acid is found to be associated with propionic acidemia. Propionic acid is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound.
Oxymetholone
A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A14 - Anabolic agents for systemic use > A14A - Anabolic steroids > A14AA - Androstan derivatives D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D045930 - Anabolic Agents D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D000728 - Androgens C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C2360 - Anabolic Steroid
(-)-2-Difluoromethylornithine
P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P01 - Antiprotozoals > P01C - Agents against leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C2189 - Signal Transduction Inhibitor > C129824 - Antineoplastic Protein Inhibitor D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065108 - Ornithine Decarboxylase Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C2088 - Ornithine Decarboxylase Inhibitor D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents D - Dermatologicals KEIO_ID H097
Neoxanthin
Neoxanthin belongs to the class of organic compounds known as xanthophylls. These are carotenoids containing an oxygenated carotene backbone. Carotenes are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Xanthophylls arise by oxygenation of the carotene backbone. Neoxanthin is an intermediate in the synthesis of abscisic acid from violaxanthin. Neoxanthin has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as apples, paprikas, Valencia oranges, kiwis, globe artichokes, sparkleberries, hard wheat, and cinnamon. This could make neoxanthin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Neoxanthin has been shown to exhibit apoptotic and anti-proliferative functions (PMID: 15333710, 15333710). Neoxanthin is a carotenoid and xanthophyll. In plants, it is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone abscisic acid. It is produced from violaxanthin by the action of neoxanthin synthase. It is a major xanthophyll found in green leafy vegetables such as spinach. [Wikipedia] D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids
Violaxanthin
Violaxanthin belongs to the class of organic compounds known as xanthophylls. These are carotenoids containing an oxygenated carotene backbone. Carotenes are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Xanthophylls arise by oxygenation of the carotene backbone. Thus, violaxanthin is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Violaxanthin is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Violaxanthin is an orange-coloured pigment that is found in brown algae and various plants (e.g. pansies). It is biosynthesized from the epoxidation of zeaxanthin. Violaxanthin is a food additive that is only approved for use in Australia and New Zealand (INS: 161e) (PMID: 29890662). 3 (violaxanthin, zeaxanthin and antheraxanthin) participate in series of photo-induced interconversions known as violaxanthin cycle; Xanthophyll; a carotene epoxide that is precursor to capsanthin; cleavage of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoids (violaxanthin) to xanthoxin, catalyzed by 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase, is the key regulatory step of abscisic acid biosynthesis; one of 3 xanthophylls involved in evolution of plastids of green plants (oxygen evolution). (all-E)-Violaxanthin is found in many foods, some of which are orange bell pepper, passion fruit, pepper (c. annuum), and italian sweet red pepper. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids
Dictamnine
Dictamnine (Dictamine) exhibits cytotoxicity to human cervical and colon cancer cells and also has antibacterial and antifungal activities. Dictamnine (Dictamine) exhibits cytotoxicity to human cervical and colon cancer cells and also has antibacterial and antifungal activities.
5,7-Dimethoxyflavone
5,7-Dimethoxyflavone is found in tea. 5,7-Dimethoxyflavone is a constituent of Leptospermum scoparium (red tea). Constituent of Leptospermum scoparium (red tea). 5,7-Dimethylchrysin is found in tea. 5,7-Dimethoxyflavone is one of the major components of Kaempferia parviflora, has anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic effects. 5,7-Dimethoxyflavone inhibits cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3As. 5,7-Dimethoxyflavone is also a potent Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP) inhibitor[1][2]. 5,7-Dimethoxyflavone is one of the major components of Kaempferia parviflora, has anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic effects. 5,7-Dimethoxyflavone inhibits cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3As. 5,7-Dimethoxyflavone is also a potent Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP) inhibitor[1][2].
Toyomycin
C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C259 - Antineoplastic Antibiotic C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C2842 - DNA Binding Agent D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D049408 - Luminescent Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D000903 - Antibiotics, Antineoplastic > D002865 - Chromomycins D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019384 - Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors D004396 - Coloring Agents > D005456 - Fluorescent Dyes Same as: D02062
alpha-Zearalenol
Alpha-zearlenol is a nonsteroidal estrogen or mycoestrogen found in fungi belonging to the Fusarium genus including F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. crookwellense, etc (PMID: 22095651), As a mycotoxin, alpha-zearalenol is a widely distributed compound that contaminates many crops, grains, and other commodities (PMID: 30830360). Alpha-zearalenol, is also a major hepatic metabolite of zearalenone (another mycotoxin). Zearalenone has two metabolites, alpha and beta zearalenol which are produced in the liver by 3α-hydroxisteroid dehydrogenase and 3β-hydroxisteroid dehydrogenase (PMID: 30830360). Like Alpha-zearlenol, zearalenone or F-2 mycotoxin is produced by certain Fusarium species. It causes infertility, abortion and other breeding problems in swine. Alpha-zearlenol is also produced synthetically and sold as Zeranol, which is used as an anabolic agent for cattle. Alpha-zearlenol exhibits strong growth-promoting properties, but its sale is restricted in Europe (PMID: 22095651). Alpha-zearalenol has three to four times the biological activity of zearalenone. Alpha-zearlenol contains a lactone ring in its structure and is structurally analogous to estrogen, thus it can bind to estrogen receptors, and causes hepatotoxic, hematotoxic, immunotoxic, genotoxic, teratogenic and carcinogenic effects on different animal species (PMID: 17045381).
Matrine
Matrine is an alkaloid. Matrine is a natural product found in Daphniphyllum oldhamii, Sophora viciifolia, and other organisms with data available. Matrine is an alkaloid found in plants from the Sophora genus. It has a variety of pharmacological effects, including anti-cancer effects, and action as a kappa opioid receptor and μ-receptor agonist. Tetracyclic bis-quinolizidine alkaloids found in the family LEGUMINOSAE, mainly in the genus SOPHORA. See also: Matrine; salicylic acid (component of). Annotation level-1 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.230 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.224 Sophoridine is a natural product found in Sophora viciifolia, Leontice leontopetalum, and other organisms with data available. Tetracyclic bis-quinolizidine alkaloids found in the family LEGUMINOSAE, mainly in the genus SOPHORA. INTERNAL_ID 2268; CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1) CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2268 Matrine (Matridin-15-one) is an alkaloid found in plants from the Sophora genus that can act as a kappa opioid receptor and u-receptor agonist. Matrine has a variety of pharmacological effects, including anti-cancer, anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis effects. Matrine is potential in the research of disease like human non-small cell lung cancer, hepatoma, papillary thyroid cancer and acute kidney injury (AKI)[1][2][3][4][5]. Matrine (Matridin-15-one) is an alkaloid found in plants from the Sophora genus that can act as a kappa opioid receptor and u-receptor agonist. Matrine has a variety of pharmacological effects, including anti-cancer, anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis effects. Matrine is potential in the research of disease like human non-small cell lung cancer, hepatoma, papillary thyroid cancer and acute kidney injury (AKI)[1][2][3][4][5]. Matrine (Matridin-15-one) is an alkaloid found in plants from the Sophora genus that can act as a kappa opioid receptor and u-receptor agonist. Matrine has a variety of pharmacological effects, including anti-cancer, anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis effects. Matrine is potential in the research of disease like human non-small cell lung cancer, hepatoma, papillary thyroid cancer and acute kidney injury (AKI)[1][2][3][4][5]. Sophoridine is a quinolizidine alkaloid isolated from Leguminous plant Sophora flavescens. Sophoridine induces apoptosis. Sophoridine has the potential to be a novel, potent and selective antitumor agent candidate for pancreatic cancer with well-tolerated toxicity[1]. Sophoridine is a quinolizidine alkaloid isolated from Leguminous plant Sophora flavescens. Sophoridine induces apoptosis. Sophoridine has the potential to be a novel, potent and selective antitumor agent candidate for pancreatic cancer with well-tolerated toxicity[1].
Solasonine
Solasonine is an azaspiro compound, an oxaspiro compound and a steroid. Solasonine is a natural product found in Solanum americanum, Solanum dimidiatum, and other organisms with data available. Solasonine is a steroidal glycoalkaloid isolated from Solanum nigrum L.. Solasonine has cytotoxicity to human gastric cancer cells[1]. Solasonine is a steroidal glycoalkaloid isolated from Solanum nigrum L.. Solasonine has cytotoxicity to human gastric cancer cells[1].
Dicyclohexylamine
INTERNAL_ID 2356; CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1) CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2356 D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors
Pyrophosphate
The anion, the salts, and the esters of pyrophosphoric acid are called pyrophosphates. The pyrophosphate anion is abbreviated PPi and is formed by the hydrolysis of ATP into AMP in cells. This hydrolysis is called pyrophosphorolysis. The pyrophosphate anion has the structure P2O74-, and is an acid anhydride of phosphate. It is unstable in aqueous solution and rapidly hydrolyzes into inorganic phosphate. Pyrophosphate is an osteotoxin (arrests bone development) and an arthritogen (promotes arthritis). It is also a metabotoxin (an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health affects at chronically high levels). Chronically high levels of pyrophosphate are associated with hypophosphatasia. Hypophosphatasia (also called deficiency of alkaline phosphatase or phosphoethanolaminuria) is a rare, and sometimes fatal, metabolic bone disease. Hypophosphatasia is associated with a molecular defect in the gene encoding tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP). TNSALP is an enzyme that is tethered to the outer surface of osteoblasts and chondrocytes. TNSALP hydrolyzes several substances, including inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) and pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP), a major form of vitamin B6. When TSNALP is low, inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) accumulates outside of cells and inhibits the formation of hydroxyapatite, one of the main components of bone, causing rickets in infants and children and osteomalacia (soft bones) in adults. Vitamin B6 must be dephosphorylated by TNSALP before it can cross the cell membrane. Vitamin B6 deficiency in the brain impairs synthesis of neurotransmitters which can cause seizures. In some cases, a build-up of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals in the joints can cause pseudogout. COVID info from WikiPathways Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
4,4'-Diaminodibutylamine
4,4-Diaminodibutylamine is found in cereals and cereal products. 4,4-Diaminodibutylamine is a constituent of the famine food Santalum album (sandalwood). 4,4-Diaminodibutylamine is a flavouring Constituent of the famine food Santalum album (sandalwood). Flavouring. 4,4-Diaminodibutylamine is found in soy bean and cereals and cereal products.
Nedocromil
Nedocromil is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a pyranoquinolone derivative that inhibits activation of inflammatory cells which are associated with asthma, including eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells, monocytes, and platelets. [PubChem]Nedocromil has been shown to inhibit the in vitro activation of, and mediator release from, a variety of inflammatory cell types associated with asthma, including eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells, monocytes, and platelets. Nedocromil inhibits activation and release of inflammatory mediators such as histamine, prostaglandin D2 and leukotrienes c4 from different types of cells in the lumen and mucosa of the bronchial tree. These mediators are derived from arachidonic acid metabolism through the lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase pathways. The mechanism of action of nedocromil may be due partly to inhibition of axon reflexes and release of sensory neuropeptides, such as substance P, neurokinin A, and calcitonin-geneñrelated peptides. The result is inhibition of bradykinin-induced bronchoconstriction. Nedocromil does not posess any bronchodilator, antihistamine, or corticosteroid activity. R - Respiratory system > R03 - Drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03B - Other drugs for obstructive airway diseases, inhalants > R03BC - Antiallergic agents, excl. corticosteroids R - Respiratory system > R01 - Nasal preparations > R01A - Decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use > R01AC - Antiallergic agents, excl. corticosteroids S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01G - Decongestants and antiallergics C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C29578 - Histamine-1 Receptor Antagonist D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents > D000082142 - Mast Cell Stabilizers D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents D018926 - Anti-Allergic Agents D007155 - Immunologic Factors Nedocromil suppresses the action or formation of multiple mediators, including histamine, leukotriene C4 (LTC4), and prostaglandin D2 (PGD2).
Halofantrine
Halofantrine is a drug used to treat malaria. It belongs to the phenanthrene class of compounds that includes quinine and lumefantrine. It appears to inhibit polymerisation of heme molecules (by the parasite enzyme heme polymerase), resulting in the parasite being poisoned by its own waste. Halofantrine has been shown to preferentially block open and inactivated HERG channels leading to some degree of cardiotoxicity. P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P01 - Antiprotozoals > P01B - Antimalarials D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C276 - Antiparasitic Agent > C277 - Antiprotozoal Agent
Swainsonine
Swainsonine is an indolizidine alkaloid isolated from the plant Swainsona canescens with three hydroxy substituents at positions 1, 2 and 8. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an immunological adjuvant, an EC 3.2.1.114 (mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,3-1,6-alpha-mannosidase) inhibitor and a plant metabolite. An indolizidine alkaloid from the plant Swainsona canescens that is a potent alpha-mannosidase inhibitor. Swainsonine also exhibits antimetastatic, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory activity. Swainsonine is a natural product found in Slafractonia leguminicola, Astragalus whitneyi, and other organisms with data available. Swainsonine is a plant toxin found in locoweed (families Fabaceae, Oxytropis, Astragalus and Swainsona) and some fungi (Metarhizium anisopliae, Rizoctonia leguminicola). It has been known to cause a potentially lethal central nervous system condition in livestock known as locoism and is a significant cause of economic losses in livestock industries. Along with slaframine, the other biologially active compound of R. leguminicola, it may contribute to a condition called "slobbers syndrome" in livestock that has ingested contaminated feed. (L1248, A3092) An indolizidine alkaloid from the plant Swainsona canescens that is a potent alpha-mannosidase inhibitor. Swainsonine also exhibits antimetastatic, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory activity. An indolizidine alkaloid isolated from the plant Swainsona canescens with three hydroxy substituents at positions 1, 2 and 8. C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C129820 - Antineoplastic Immunomodulating Agent > C2117 - Carbohydrate Processing Inhibitor C26170 - Protective Agent > C2459 - Chemoprotective Agent > C2080 - Cytoprotective Agent C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C2119 - Golgi Alpha-Mannosidase II Inhibitor C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C2196 - Antimetastatic Agent D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents D007155 - Immunologic Factors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors
Harringtonine
D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D000972 - Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic > D006248 - Harringtonines relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.578 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.580 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.570 Harringtonine is a natural Cephalotaxus alkaloid that inhibits protein synthesis. Harringtonine has anti-chikungunya virus (CHIKV) activities with an EC50 of 0.24 μM. Harringtonine is a natural Cephalotaxus alkaloid that inhibits protein synthesis. Harringtonine has anti-chikungunya virus (CHIKV) activities with an EC50 of 0.24 μM.
Aloperine
Aloperine is a natural product found in Thinicola incana, Sophora alopecuroides, and other organisms with data available. Aloperine is an alkaloid in sophora plants such as Sophora alopecuroides L, which has shown anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-virus properties[1]. Aloperine is widely used to treat patients with allergic contact dermatitis eczema and other skin inflammation in China[2]. Aloperine induces apoptosis and autophagy in HL-60 cells[1]. Aloperine is an alkaloid in sophora plants such as Sophora alopecuroides L, which has shown anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-virus properties[1]. Aloperine is widely used to treat patients with allergic contact dermatitis eczema and other skin inflammation in China[2]. Aloperine induces apoptosis and autophagy in HL-60 cells[1].
Mitoxantrone
Mitoxantrone is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.Mitoxantrone, a DNA-reactive agent that intercalates into deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) through hydrogen bonding, causes crosslinks and strand breaks. Mitoxantrone also interferes with ribonucleic acid (RNA) and is a potent inhibitor of topoisomerase II, an enzyme responsible for uncoiling and repairing damaged DNA. It has a cytocidal effect on both proliferating and nonproliferating cultured human cells, suggesting lack of cell cycle phase specificity. L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01D - Cytotoxic antibiotics and related substances > L01DB - Anthracyclines and related substances C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C2189 - Signal Transduction Inhibitor > C129824 - Antineoplastic Protein Inhibitor D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D059003 - Topoisomerase Inhibitors > D059005 - Topoisomerase II Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C129825 - Antineoplastic Enzyme Inhibitor > C1748 - Topoisomerase Inhibitor C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C2842 - DNA Binding Agent D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors Same as: D08224
Sodium hydrogen carbonate
Leavening agent; component of self-raising flour. pH control agent for foods. Sodium bicarbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate is the chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3. Sodium bicarbonate is a white solid that is crystalline but often appears as a fine powder. It has a slightly salty, alkaline taste resembling that of washing soda (sodium carbonate). It is a component of the mineral natron and is found dissolved in many mineral springs. The natural mineral form, nahcolite, is found in dissolved form in bile, where it serves to neutralize the acidity of the hydrochloric acid produced by the stomach, and is excreted into the duodenum of the small intestine via the bile duct. It is also produced artificially. B - Blood and blood forming organs > B05 - Blood substitutes and perfusion solutions > B05X - I.v. solution additives > B05XA - Electrolyte solutions B - Blood and blood forming organs > B05 - Blood substitutes and perfusion solutions > B05C - Irrigating solutions > B05CB - Salt solutions C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C29730 - Electrolyte Replacement Agent Leavening agent; component of self-raising flour. pH control agent for foods D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D002021 - Buffers > D001639 - Bicarbonates Same as: D01203
nemonapride
D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014150 - Antipsychotic Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents > D018492 - Dopamine Antagonists D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66883 - Dopamine Antagonist C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29710 - Antipsychotic Agent Same as: D01468
Lynestrenol
G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03A - Hormonal contraceptives for systemic use > G03AC - Progestogens G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03D - Progestogens > G03DC - Estren derivatives C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone D012102 - Reproductive Control Agents > D003270 - Contraceptive Agents Same as: D01580
24-Hydroxycholesterol
24-Hydroxycholesterol (24OHC) is almost exclusively formed in the brain. The enzymatic conversion of CNS cholesterol to 24OHC, which readily crosses the blood-brain barrier, is the major pathway for brain cholesterol elimination and brain cholesterol homeostasis maintenance. The enzyme mediating this conversion has been characterized at the molecular level as cholesterol 24-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.98, CYP46) and is mainly located in neurons. Like other oxysterols, 24OHC is efficiently converted into normal bile acids or excreted in bile in its sulfated and glucuronidated form. Levels of 24OHC in the circulation decrease with age in infants and children. In adults, however, the levels appear to be stable. There is accumulating evidence pointing toward a potentially important link between cholesterol, beta-amyloid, and Alzheimers disease. Patients with active demyelinating diseases had increased levels of 24OHC in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Patients with Alzheimers disease have slightly increased levels of 24OHC in CSF. Patients with multiple sclerosis have a tendency to have higher levels of 24OHC during active periods. (PMID: 15061359, 14574622). 24-Hydroxycholesterol has been found to accumulate in hereditary hypercholesterolemia, an inborn error of metabolism. 24-Hydroxycholesterol (24OHC) is almost exclusively formed in the brain. The enzymatic conversion of CNS cholesterol to 24OHC, which readily crosses the blood-brain barrier, is the major pathway for brain cholesterol elimination and brain cholesterol homeostasis maintenance. The enzyme mediating this conversion has been characterized at the molecular level as cholesterol 24-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.98, CYP46) and is mainly located in neurons. Like other oxysterols, 24OHC is efficiently converted into normal bile acids or excreted in bile in its sulfated and glucuronidated form. Levels of 24OHC in the circulation decrease with age in infants and children. In adults, however, the levels appear to be stable. There is accumulating evidence pointing toward a potentially important link between cholesterol, beta-amyloid, and Alzheimers disease. Patients with active demyelinating diseases had increased levels of 24OHC in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Patients with Alzheimers disease have slightly increased levels of 24OHC in CSF. Patients with multiple sclerosis have a tendency to have higher levels of 24OHC during active periods. (PMID: 15061359, 14574622) [HMDB] 24(S)-Hydroxycholesterol (24S-OHC), the major brain cholesterol metabolite, plays an important role to maintain homeostasis of cholesterol in the brain. 24(S)-Hydroxycholesterol (24S-OHC) is one of the most efficient endogenous LXR agonist known and is present in the brain and in the circulation at relatively high levels. 24(S)-Hydroxycholesterol (24S-OHC) is a very potent, direct, and selective positive allosteric modulator of NMDARs with a mechanism that does not overlapthat of other allosteric modulators[1][2][3]. 24(S)-Hydroxycholesterol (24S-OHC), the major brain cholesterol metabolite, plays an important role to maintain homeostasis of cholesterol in the brain. 24(S)-Hydroxycholesterol (24S-OHC) is one of the most efficient endogenous LXR agonist known and is present in the brain and in the circulation at relatively high levels. 24(S)-Hydroxycholesterol (24S-OHC) is a very potent, direct, and selective positive allosteric modulator of NMDARs with a mechanism that does not overlapthat of other allosteric modulators[1][2][3].
alpha-AMINO-3-HYDROXY-5-METHYL-4-ISOXAZOLEPROPIONIC ACID
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018683 - Excitatory Amino Acid Agents > D018690 - Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists (RS)-AMPA ((±)-AMPA) is a glutamate analogue and a potent and selective excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamic acid agonist. (RS)-AMPA does not interfere with binding sites for kainic acid or NMDA receptors[1][2].
3-Hydroxytamoxifen (Droloxifene)
3-Hydroxytamoxifen (Droloxifene) is only found in individuals that have used or taken Tamoxifen. 3-Hydroxytamoxifen (Droloxifene) is a metabolite of Tamoxifen. 3-hydroxytamoxifen (droloxifene) belongs to the family of Stilbenes. These are organic compounds containing a 1,2-diphenylethylene moiety. Stilbenes (C6-C2-C6 ) are derived from the common phenylpropene (C6-C3) skeleton building block. The introduction of one or more hydroxyl groups to a phenyl ring lead to stilbenoids. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D004965 - Estrogen Antagonists C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C163758 - Targeted Therapy Agent > C1821 - Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C129818 - Antineoplastic Hormonal/Endocrine Agent > C481 - Antiestrogen C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C483 - Therapeutic Estrogen C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C547 - Hormone Antagonist D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents C1892 - Chemopreventive Agent Same as: D03911
Estradiol Cypionate
C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C483 - Therapeutic Estrogen D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D012102 - Reproductive Control Agents > D003270 - Contraceptive Agents Same as: D04063 Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Pyropheophorbide a
Pyropheophorbide-a (Ppa) is a promising photosensitizer for tumor photodynamic therapy (PDT)[1].
ST 19:2;O3
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at the 6beta-position. C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C2189 - Signal Transduction Inhibitor > C129824 - Antineoplastic Protein Inhibitor C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C129818 - Antineoplastic Hormonal/Endocrine Agent > C481 - Antiestrogen C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C163758 - Targeted Therapy Agent > C1740 - Aromatase Inhibitor C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C129825 - Antineoplastic Enzyme Inhibitor C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C547 - Hormone Antagonist
dictamine
Dictamnine is an oxacycle, an organonitrogen heterocyclic compound, an organic heterotricyclic compound and an alkaloid antibiotic. Dictamnine is a natural product found in Haplophyllum bucharicum, Haplophyllum cappadocicum, and other organisms with data available. A furoquinoline alkaloid, dictamnine, is very common within the family Rutaceae. It is the main alkaloid in the roots of Dictamnus albus and responsible for the mutagenicity of the drug derived from crude extracts. Dictamnine was also reported to be a phototoxic and photomutagenic compound. It participates in the severe skin phototoxicity of the plant. Dictamnine (Dictamine) exhibits cytotoxicity to human cervical and colon cancer cells and also has antibacterial and antifungal activities. Dictamnine (Dictamine) exhibits cytotoxicity to human cervical and colon cancer cells and also has antibacterial and antifungal activities.
Pyrophaeophorbide a
Pyrophaeophorbide a is found in tea. Pyrophaeophorbide a is isolated from te Pyropheophorbide-a (Ppa) is a promising photosensitizer for tumor photodynamic therapy (PDT)[1].
Cytosine deoxyribonucleoside
1-[4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-4-imino-1,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-ol belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosides. Pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosides are compounds consisting of a pyrimidine linked to a ribose which lacks a hydroxyl group at position 2. 1-[4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-4-imino-1,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-ol is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). This compound has been identified in human blood as reported by (PMID: 31557052 ). Cytosine deoxyribonucleoside is not a naturally occurring metabolite and is only found in those individuals exposed to this compound or its derivatives. Technically Cytosine deoxyribonucleoside is part of the human exposome. The exposome can be defined as the collection of all the exposures of an individual in a lifetime and how those exposures relate to health. An individual's exposure begins before birth and includes insults from environmental and occupational sources. Cytosine deoxyribonucleoside, commonly referred to as deoxycytidine, is a nucleoside consisting of deoxyribose (a sugar) and cytosine (a nitrogenous base). It is an essential component of DNA and plays several critical roles in biological systems. Here is a detailed description of its biological functions: DNA Synthesis: Deoxycytidine is a key building block for the synthesis of DNA. During DNA replication, deoxycytidine is incorporated into the growing DNA strand as deoxycytidine monophosphate (dCMP), which is then converted to deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP) by cellular kinases. dCTP serves as a substrate for DNA polymerase, which adds deoxycytidine to the nascent DNA strand according to the base-pairing rule (cytosine pairs with guanine). DNA Repair: Deoxycytidine is involved in the DNA repair process. When DNA is damaged by environmental factors or errors during replication, repair mechanisms such as base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, and mismatch repair utilize deoxycytidine to correct the lesions and restore the DNA to its original sequence. Genetic Coding: As part of the DNA molecule, deoxycytidine contributes to the genetic code. The sequence of nucleotides, including deoxycytidine, in DNA determines the sequence of amino acids in proteins, which ultimately dictates the structure and function of proteins and, consequently, the phenotype of the organism. Gene Expression: Deoxycytidine is also involved in gene expression. The presence of cytosine in specific sequences can lead to the formation of methyl groups (DNA methylation), which can regulate gene expression by either promoting or repressing the transcription of genes. Antiviral and Anticancer Therapy: Deoxycytidine analogs, such as cytarabine (ara-C) and zidovudine (AZT), are used in antiviral and anticancer therapies. These analogs can be incorporated into the viral or cancer cell DNA, leading to chain termination or other disruptions in DNA synthesis and function. Cellular Metabolism: Deoxycytidine can be phosphorylated to form deoxycytidine monophosphate (dCMP), deoxycytidine diphosphate (dCDP), and deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP). These phosphorylated forms are intermediates in the metabolic pathways of nucleotide synthesis and can be used for energy transfer within the cell. Nucleotide Pool Homeostasis: Deoxycytidine is part of the deoxynucleotide pool within the cell. Maintaining a balance of deoxynucleotides is crucial for various cellular processes, including DNA synthesis, repair, and regulation of gene expression. Enzymes such as nucleotide kinases, nucleotide phosphatases, and nucleoside transporters help regulate the levels of deoxycytidine and its phosphorylated forms.
Alkaloid C from cephalotaxus
D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D000972 - Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic > D006248 - Harringtonines Harringtonine is a natural Cephalotaxus alkaloid that inhibits protein synthesis. Harringtonine has anti-chikungunya virus (CHIKV) activities with an EC50 of 0.24 μM. Harringtonine is a natural Cephalotaxus alkaloid that inhibits protein synthesis. Harringtonine has anti-chikungunya virus (CHIKV) activities with an EC50 of 0.24 μM.
Solasonine
Solasonine, also known as alpha-solamargine or alpha-solamarine, (3beta,22alpha,25r)-isomer, is a member of the class of compounds known as steroidal saponins. Steroidal saponins are saponins in which the aglycone moiety is a steroid. The steroidal aglycone is usually a spirostane, furostane, spirosolane, solanidane, or curcubitacin derivative. Solasonine is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Solasonine can be found in eggplant, which makes solasonine a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Solasonine is a poisonous chemical compound. It is a glycoside of solasodine. Solasonine occurs in plants of the Solanaceae family. Solasonine was one component of the unsuccessful experimental cancer drug candidate Coramsine . Solasonine is a steroidal glycoalkaloid isolated from Solanum nigrum L.. Solasonine has cytotoxicity to human gastric cancer cells[1]. Solasonine is a steroidal glycoalkaloid isolated from Solanum nigrum L.. Solasonine has cytotoxicity to human gastric cancer cells[1].
Uridine
C26170 - Protective Agent > C2459 - Chemoprotective Agent > C2080 - Cytoprotective Agent COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Uridine (β-Uridine) is a glycosylated pyrimidine-analog containing uracil attached to a ribose ring (or more specifically, aribofuranose) via a β-N1-glycosidic bond. Uridine (β-Uridine) is a glycosylated pyrimidine-analog containing uracil attached to a ribose ring (or more specifically, aribofuranose) via a β-N1-glycosidic bond. Uridine (β-Uridine) is a glycosylated pyrimidine-analog containing uracil attached to a ribose ring (or more specifically, aribofuranose) via a β-N1-glycosidic bond.
Pseudouridine
Pseudouridine is an isomer of the nucleoside uridine, and the most abundant modified nucleoside in non-coding RNAs. Pseudouridine in rRNA and tRNA can fine-tune and stabilize the regional structure and help maintain their functions in mRNA decoding, ribosome assembly, processing and translation[1][2][3][4]. Pseudouridine is an isomer of the nucleoside uridine, and the most abundant modified nucleoside in non-coding RNAs. Pseudouridine in rRNA and tRNA can fine-tune and stabilize the regional structure and help maintain their functions in mRNA decoding, ribosome assembly, processing and translation[1][2][3][4].
Thujone
α-Thujone is a monoterpene isolated from Thuja occidentalis essential oil with potent anti-tumor activities. α-Thujone is a reversible modulator of the GABA type A receptor and the IC50 for α-Thujone is 21 μM in suppressing the GABA-induced currents. α-Thujone induces ROS accumulation-dependent cytotoxicity, also induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. α-Thujone has antinociceptive, insecticidal, and anthelmintic activity, and easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier[1][2][3]. α-Thujone is a monoterpene isolated from Thuja occidentalis essential oil with potent anti-tumor activities. α-Thujone is a reversible modulator of the GABA type A receptor and the IC50 for α-Thujone is 21 μM in suppressing the GABA-induced currents. α-Thujone induces ROS accumulation-dependent cytotoxicity, also induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. α-Thujone has antinociceptive, insecticidal, and anthelmintic activity, and easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier[1][2][3]. α-Thujone is a monoterpene isolated from Thuja occidentalis essential oil with potent anti-tumor activities. α-Thujone is a reversible modulator of the GABA type A receptor and the IC50 for α-Thujone is 21 μM in suppressing the GABA-induced currents. α-Thujone induces ROS accumulation-dependent cytotoxicity, also induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. α-Thujone has antinociceptive, insecticidal, and anthelmintic activity, and easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier[1][2][3].
Neoxanthin
9-cis-neoxanthin is a neoxanthin in which all of the double bonds have trans geometry except for that at the 9 position, which is cis. It is a 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid and a neoxanthin. Neoxanthin is a natural product found in Hibiscus syriacus, Cladonia rangiferina, and other organisms with data available. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids
5,7-Dimethoxyflavone
Chrysin 5,7-dimethyl ether is a dimethoxyflavone that is the 5,7-dimethyl ether derivative of chrysin. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is functionally related to a chrysin. 5,7-Dimethoxyflavone is a natural product found in Anaphalis busua, Helichrysum herbaceum, and other organisms with data available. 5,7-Dimethoxyflavone is found in tea. 5,7-Dimethoxyflavone is a constituent of Leptospermum scoparium (red tea). Constituent of Leptospermum scoparium (red tea). 5,7-Dimethylchrysin is found in tea. A dimethoxyflavone that is the 5,7-dimethyl ether derivative of chrysin. 5,7-Dimethoxyflavone is one of the major components of Kaempferia parviflora, has anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic effects. 5,7-Dimethoxyflavone inhibits cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3As. 5,7-Dimethoxyflavone is also a potent Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP) inhibitor[1][2]. 5,7-Dimethoxyflavone is one of the major components of Kaempferia parviflora, has anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic effects. 5,7-Dimethoxyflavone inhibits cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3As. 5,7-Dimethoxyflavone is also a potent Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP) inhibitor[1][2].
Uridine
C26170 - Protective Agent > C2459 - Chemoprotective Agent > C2080 - Cytoprotective Agent COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS MS2 deconvoluted using MS2Dec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; DRTQHJPVMGBUCF_STSL_0179_Uridine_8000fmol_180506_S2_LC02_MS02_83; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. MS2 deconvoluted using CorrDec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.088 Uridine (β-Uridine) is a glycosylated pyrimidine-analog containing uracil attached to a ribose ring (or more specifically, aribofuranose) via a β-N1-glycosidic bond. Uridine (β-Uridine) is a glycosylated pyrimidine-analog containing uracil attached to a ribose ring (or more specifically, aribofuranose) via a β-N1-glycosidic bond. Uridine (β-Uridine) is a glycosylated pyrimidine-analog containing uracil attached to a ribose ring (or more specifically, aribofuranose) via a β-N1-glycosidic bond.
Valdecoxib
M - Musculo-skeletal system > M01 - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products > M01A - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids > M01AH - Coxibs D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors > D052246 - Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1323 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents
Allantoin
C78284 - Agent Affecting Integumentary System > C29708 - Anti-psoriatic Agent C78284 - Agent Affecting Integumentary System > C29700 - Astringent D003879 - Dermatologic Agents MS2 deconvoluted using MS2Dec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; POJWUDADGALRAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N_STSL_0150_Allantoin_8000fmol_180425_S2_LC02_MS02_50; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. MS2 deconvoluted using CorrDec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. Allantoin is a skin conditioning agent that promotes healthy skin, stimulates new and healthy tissue growth. Allantoin is a skin conditioning agent that promotes healthy skin, stimulates new and healthy tissue growth.
Violaxanthin
D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids Cucurbitachrome 1 is a member of the class of compounds known as xanthophylls. Xanthophylls are carotenoids containing an oxygenated carotene backbone. Carotenes are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Carotenes belonging form a subgroup of the carotenoids family. Xanthophylls arise by oxygenation of the carotene backbone. Cucurbitachrome 1 is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Cucurbitachrome 1 can be found in a number of food items such as italian sweet red pepper, herbs and spices, fruits, and red bell pepper, which makes cucurbitachrome 1 a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. (all-e)-violaxanthin is a member of the class of compounds known as xanthophylls. Xanthophylls are carotenoids containing an oxygenated carotene backbone. Carotenes are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Carotenes belonging form a subgroup of the carotenoids family. Xanthophylls arise by oxygenation of the carotene backbone (all-e)-violaxanthin is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). (all-e)-violaxanthin can be found in a number of food items such as orange bell pepper, green bell pepper, passion fruit, and yellow bell pepper, which makes (all-e)-violaxanthin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
propionic acid
A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group.
ISOBUTYRIC ACID
A branched fatty acid comprising propanoic acid carrying a methyl branch at C-2.
Danazol
G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03X - Other sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03XA - Antigonadotropins and similar agents D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D004965 - Estrogen Antagonists C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C547 - Hormone Antagonist > C2092 - Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Antagonist C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C2360 - Anabolic Steroid
Pseudouridine
A C-glycosyl pyrimidine that consists of uracil having a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue attached at position 5. The C-glycosyl isomer of the nucleoside uridine. Pseudouridine is an isomer of the nucleoside uridine, and the most abundant modified nucleoside in non-coding RNAs. Pseudouridine in rRNA and tRNA can fine-tune and stabilize the regional structure and help maintain their functions in mRNA decoding, ribosome assembly, processing and translation[1][2][3][4]. Pseudouridine is an isomer of the nucleoside uridine, and the most abundant modified nucleoside in non-coding RNAs. Pseudouridine in rRNA and tRNA can fine-tune and stabilize the regional structure and help maintain their functions in mRNA decoding, ribosome assembly, processing and translation[1][2][3][4].
FA 18:3
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 143 COVID info from WikiPathways D - Dermatologicals Same as: D07213 Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Gamma-linolenic acid (γ-Linolenic acid) is an omega-6 (n-6), 18 carbon (18C-) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) extracted from Perilla frutescens. Gamma-linolenic acid supplements could restore needed PUFAs and mitigate the disease[1]. Gamma-linolenic acid (γ-Linolenic acid) is an omega-6 (n-6), 18 carbon (18C-) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) extracted from Perilla frutescens. Gamma-linolenic acid supplements could restore needed PUFAs and mitigate the disease[1]. α-Linolenic acid, isolated from Perilla frutescens, is an essential fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by humans. α-Linolenic acid can affect the process of thrombotic through the modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling. α-Linolenic acid possess the anti-arrhythmic properties and is related to cardiovascular disease and cancer[1]. α-Linolenic acid, isolated from Perilla frutescens, is an essential fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by humans. α-Linolenic acid can affect the process of thrombotic through the modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling. α-Linolenic acid possess the anti-arrhythmic properties and is related to cardiovascular disease and cancer[1]. α-Linolenic acid, isolated from Perilla frutescens, is an essential fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by humans. α-Linolenic acid can affect the process of thrombotic through the modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling. α-Linolenic acid possess the anti-arrhythmic properties and is related to cardiovascular disease and cancer[1].
mefloquine
P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P01 - Antiprotozoals > P01B - Antimalarials > P01BC - Methanolquinolines D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents COVID info from clinicaltrials, clinicaltrial Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C276 - Antiparasitic Agent > C277 - Antiprotozoal Agent
Sophoramine
Origin: Plant; SubCategory_DNP: Alkaloids derived from lysine, Quinolizidine alkaloids, Sophora alkaloid
ST 21:1;O4
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
SodiuM bicarbonate
B - Blood and blood forming organs > B05 - Blood substitutes and perfusion solutions > B05X - I.v. solution additives > B05XA - Electrolyte solutions B - Blood and blood forming organs > B05 - Blood substitutes and perfusion solutions > B05C - Irrigating solutions > B05CB - Salt solutions C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C29730 - Electrolyte Replacement Agent D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D002021 - Buffers > D001639 - Bicarbonates
mitoxantrone
L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01D - Cytotoxic antibiotics and related substances > L01DB - Anthracyclines and related substances C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C2189 - Signal Transduction Inhibitor > C129824 - Antineoplastic Protein Inhibitor D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D059003 - Topoisomerase Inhibitors > D059005 - Topoisomerase II Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C129825 - Antineoplastic Enzyme Inhibitor > C1748 - Topoisomerase Inhibitor C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C2842 - DNA Binding Agent D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors Same as: D08224
Droloxifene
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D004965 - Estrogen Antagonists C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C163758 - Targeted Therapy Agent > C1821 - Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C129818 - Antineoplastic Hormonal/Endocrine Agent > C481 - Antiestrogen C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C483 - Therapeutic Estrogen C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C547 - Hormone Antagonist D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents C1892 - Chemopreventive Agent Same as: D03911
Bergaptin
D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents > D017319 - Photosensitizing Agents > D011564 - Furocoumarins Bergamottin is a potent and competitive CYP1A1 inhibitor with a Ki of 10.703 nM. Bergamottin is a potent and competitive CYP1A1 inhibitor with a Ki of 10.703 nM.
dictamine
Dictamnine (Dictamine) exhibits cytotoxicity to human cervical and colon cancer cells and also has antibacterial and antifungal activities. Dictamnine (Dictamine) exhibits cytotoxicity to human cervical and colon cancer cells and also has antibacterial and antifungal activities.
Tetrahydrocorticosterone
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones Tetrahydrocorticosterone is one of the major urinary metabolites from corticosterone. Premenopausal patients with early breast cancer excrete subnormal amounts of tetrahydrocorticosterone as compared with the normal subjects of corresponding ages. (PMID 1133844) [HMDB]
Caprolactam
D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams
4,4-Diphenylmethane diisocyanate
COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Diphosphoric acid
An acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride obtained by condensation of two molecules of phosphoric acid. COVID info from WikiPathways Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
SULFADOXINE
D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C276 - Antiparasitic Agent > C277 - Antiprotozoal Agent D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D013424 - Sulfanilamides
EFLORNITHINE
P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P01 - Antiprotozoals > P01C - Agents against leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C2189 - Signal Transduction Inhibitor > C129824 - Antineoplastic Protein Inhibitor D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065108 - Ornithine Decarboxylase Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C2088 - Ornithine Decarboxylase Inhibitor D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents D - Dermatologicals
Phenyl phosphate
An aryl phosphate resulting from the mono-esterification of phosphoric acid with phenol.
NEDOCROMIL
R - Respiratory system > R03 - Drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03B - Other drugs for obstructive airway diseases, inhalants > R03BC - Antiallergic agents, excl. corticosteroids R - Respiratory system > R01 - Nasal preparations > R01A - Decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use > R01AC - Antiallergic agents, excl. corticosteroids S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01G - Decongestants and antiallergics C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C29578 - Histamine-1 Receptor Antagonist D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents > D000082142 - Mast Cell Stabilizers D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents D018926 - Anti-Allergic Agents D007155 - Immunologic Factors Nedocromil suppresses the action or formation of multiple mediators, including histamine, leukotriene C4 (LTC4), and prostaglandin D2 (PGD2).
Halofantrine
P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P01 - Antiprotozoals > P01B - Antimalarials D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C276 - Antiparasitic Agent > C277 - Antiprotozoal Agent
all-trans-neoxanthin
A neoxanthin in which all of the double bonds have trans geometry. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids
SodiuM bicarbonate
B - Blood and blood forming organs > B05 - Blood substitutes and perfusion solutions > B05X - I.v. solution additives > B05XA - Electrolyte solutions B - Blood and blood forming organs > B05 - Blood substitutes and perfusion solutions > B05C - Irrigating solutions > B05CB - Salt solutions C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C29730 - Electrolyte Replacement Agent D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D002021 - Buffers > D001639 - Bicarbonates Same as: D01203
Lariam
P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P01 - Antiprotozoals > P01B - Antimalarials > P01BC - Methanolquinolines D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Cerebrosterol
A 24-hydroxycholesterol that has S configuration at position 24. It is the major metabolic breakdown product of cholesterol in the brain. 24(S)-Hydroxycholesterol (24S-OHC), the major brain cholesterol metabolite, plays an important role to maintain homeostasis of cholesterol in the brain. 24(S)-Hydroxycholesterol (24S-OHC) is one of the most efficient endogenous LXR agonist known and is present in the brain and in the circulation at relatively high levels. 24(S)-Hydroxycholesterol (24S-OHC) is a very potent, direct, and selective positive allosteric modulator of NMDARs with a mechanism that does not overlapthat of other allosteric modulators[1][2][3]. 24(S)-Hydroxycholesterol (24S-OHC), the major brain cholesterol metabolite, plays an important role to maintain homeostasis of cholesterol in the brain. 24(S)-Hydroxycholesterol (24S-OHC) is one of the most efficient endogenous LXR agonist known and is present in the brain and in the circulation at relatively high levels. 24(S)-Hydroxycholesterol (24S-OHC) is a very potent, direct, and selective positive allosteric modulator of NMDARs with a mechanism that does not overlapthat of other allosteric modulators[1][2][3].
(RS)-AMPA
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018683 - Excitatory Amino Acid Agents > D018690 - Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists (RS)-AMPA ((±)-AMPA) is a glutamate analogue and a potent and selective excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamic acid agonist. (RS)-AMPA does not interfere with binding sites for kainic acid or NMDA receptors[1][2].
11-Oxo etiocholanolone
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
Pyrophaeophorbide a
Pyropheophorbide-a (Ppa) is a promising photosensitizer for tumor photodynamic therapy (PDT)[1].
