Halofantrine (BioDeep_00000006556)

 

Secondary id: BioDeep_00001868227

human metabolite blood metabolite Chemicals and Drugs


代谢物信息卡片


3-(dibutylamino)-1-[1,3-dichloro-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenanthren-9-yl]propan-1-ol

化学式: C26H30Cl2F3NO (499.1656)
中文名称: 卤方特瑞
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 Homo sapiens(blood) 5.17%

分子结构信息

SMILES: CCCCN(CCCC)CCC(C1=C2C=CC(=CC2=C3C=C(C=C(C3=C1)Cl)Cl)C(F)(F)F)O
InChI: InChI=1S/C26H30Cl2F3NO/c1-3-5-10-32(11-6-4-2)12-9-25(33)23-16-22-21(14-18(27)15-24(22)28)20-13-17(26(29,30)31)7-8-19(20)23/h7-8,13-16,25,33H,3-6,9-12H2,1-2H3

描述信息

Halofantrine is a drug used to treat malaria. It belongs to the phenanthrene class of compounds that includes quinine and lumefantrine. It appears to inhibit polymerisation of heme molecules (by the parasite enzyme heme polymerase), resulting in the parasite being poisoned by its own waste. Halofantrine has been shown to preferentially block open and inactivated HERG channels leading to some degree of cardiotoxicity.
P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P01 - Antiprotozoals > P01B - Antimalarials
D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents
C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C276 - Antiparasitic Agent > C277 - Antiprotozoal Agent

同义名列表

7 个代谢物同义名

3-(dibutylamino)-1-[1,3-dichloro-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenanthren-9-yl]propan-1-ol; 1-(1,3-dichloro-6-Trifluoromethyl-9-phenanthryl)-3-di(N-butyl)aminopropanol HCL; Halofantrine hydrochloride; Halofantrine; Halfan; Halofantrine; Halofantrine



数据库引用编号

18 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

PlantCyc(0)

代谢反应

0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

1 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有:

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息,我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表,这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序,取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘,得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序,取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中,存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称,可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。

亚细胞结构定位 关联基因列表
Cytoplasm 10 ABCB1, ALB, CDKN2A, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, DHFR, G6PD, HPGDS, KCNQ1, NOL3
Peripheral membrane protein 2 CYP1B1, G6PD
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane 3 CYP1B1, CYP2D6, CYP3A4
Nucleus 2 ALB, CDKN2A
cytosol 8 ALB, CDKN2A, DHFR, G6PD, HPGDS, LIPE, NOL3, PRKCQ
dendrite 1 KCNH1
centrosome 1 ALB
nucleoplasm 2 CDKN2A, HPGDS
Cell membrane 8 ABCB1, KCNH1, KCNH2, KCNJ2, KCNQ1, LIPE, SCN2A, TNF
Lipid-anchor 1 NOL3
Cell projection, axon 1 KCNH1
Early endosome membrane 1 KCNH1
Multi-pass membrane protein 7 ABCB1, KCNA3, KCNH1, KCNH2, KCNJ2, KCNQ1, SCN2A
cell surface 3 ABCB1, KCNH2, TNF
glutamatergic synapse 3 KCNA3, KCNJ2, SCN2A
Golgi apparatus 1 ALB
neuronal cell body 3 KCNJ2, KCNQ1, TNF
presynaptic membrane 3 KCNA3, KCNH1, SCN2A
Cytoplasm, cytosol 2 G6PD, LIPE
Lysosome 1 KCNQ1
plasma membrane 9 ABCB1, KCNA3, KCNH1, KCNH2, KCNJ2, KCNQ1, PRKCQ, SCN2A, TNF
Membrane 13 ABCB1, CYP1B1, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, G6PD, KCNA3, KCNH1, KCNH2, KCNJ2, KCNQ1, LIPE, NOL3, SCN2A
apical plasma membrane 2 ABCB1, KCNQ1
axon 3 KCNA3, KCNH1, SCN2A
basolateral plasma membrane 1 KCNQ1
caveola 1 LIPE
extracellular exosome 3 ABCB1, ALB, G6PD
endoplasmic reticulum 3 ALB, CYP2D6, KCNQ1
extracellular space 3 ALB, IL10, TNF
perinuclear region of cytoplasm 2 KCNA3, KCNH2
intercalated disc 2 KCNJ2, SCN2A
mitochondrion 5 CDKN2A, CYP1B1, CYP2D6, DHFR, NOL3
protein-containing complex 2 ALB, CDKN2A
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle 6 CYP1B1, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, G6PD, HPGDS, KCNH1
Microsome membrane 3 CYP1B1, CYP2D6, CYP3A4
Secreted 2 ALB, IL10
extracellular region 3 ALB, IL10, TNF
cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane 1 G6PD
Single-pass membrane protein 1 CYP2D6
mitochondrial matrix 1 CDKN2A
anchoring junction 1 ALB
centriolar satellite 2 G6PD, PRKCQ
external side of plasma membrane 1 TNF
dendritic spine 1 KCNJ2
T-tubule 2 KCNJ2, SCN2A
perikaryon 1 KCNH1
nucleolus 2 CDKN2A, NOL3
sarcoplasm 1 NOL3
Early endosome 1 KCNQ1
recycling endosome 1 TNF
Single-pass type II membrane protein 1 TNF
postsynaptic membrane 2 KCNA3, KCNJ2
Apical cell membrane 2 ABCB1, KCNQ1
Membrane raft 3 KCNA3, KCNQ1, TNF
sarcoplasmic reticulum 1 NOL3
lateral plasma membrane 1 KCNQ1
Nucleus inner membrane 1 KCNH1
nuclear inner membrane 1 KCNH1
Late endosome 1 KCNQ1
neuron projection 1 KCNQ1
ciliary basal body 1 ALB
ciliary base 1 KCNQ1
phagocytic cup 1 TNF
centriole 1 ALB
Nucleus, nucleolus 1 CDKN2A
spindle pole 1 ALB
blood microparticle 1 ALB
Basolateral cell membrane 1 KCNQ1
[Isoform 2]: Cell membrane 1 KCNA3
Lipid droplet 1 LIPE
Membrane, caveola 1 LIPE
monoatomic ion channel complex 3 KCNH1, KCNH2, KCNQ1
Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane 1 KCNQ1
Nucleus, nucleoplasm 1 CDKN2A
Cell projection, dendrite 1 KCNH1
Presynaptic cell membrane 1 KCNH1
[Isoform 3]: Cytoplasm 1 NOL3
inward rectifier potassium channel complex 1 KCNH2
voltage-gated potassium channel complex 5 KCNA3, KCNH1, KCNH2, KCNJ2, KCNQ1
endoplasmic reticulum lumen 1 ALB
platelet alpha granule lumen 1 ALB
transport vesicle 1 KCNQ1
node of Ranvier 1 SCN2A
paranode region of axon 1 SCN2A
postsynaptic density membrane 1 KCNH1
immunological synapse 1 PRKCQ
aggresome 1 PRKCQ
[Isoform 2]: Cytoplasm 1 NOL3
calyx of Held 1 KCNA3
[Isoform 1]: Nucleus, nucleolus 1 NOL3
external side of apical plasma membrane 1 ABCB1
[Isoform 1]: Cell membrane 1 KCNA3
voltage-gated sodium channel complex 1 SCN2A
[Tumor necrosis factor, soluble form]: Secreted 1 TNF
senescence-associated heterochromatin focus 1 CDKN2A
[Isoform 3]: Cytoplasm, perinuclear region 1 KCNA3
lumenal side of membrane 1 KCNQ1
ciliary transition fiber 1 ALB
basolateral part of cell 1 KCNQ1
[C-domain 2]: Secreted 1 TNF
[Tumor necrosis factor, membrane form]: Membrane 1 TNF
[C-domain 1]: Secreted 1 TNF
[Isoform smARF]: Mitochondrion 1 CDKN2A


文献列表

  • Tobie D Lee, Olivia W Lee, Kyle R Brimacombe, Lu Chen, Rajarshi Guha, Sabrina Lusvarghi, Bethilehem G Tebase, Carleen Klumpp-Thomas, Robert W Robey, Suresh V Ambudkar, Min Shen, Michael M Gottesman, Matthew D Hall. A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Molecular pharmacology. 2019 11; 96(5):629-640. doi: 10.1124/mol.119.115964. [PMID: 31515284]
  • Ben J Boyd, Malinda Salim, Andrew J Clulow, Gisela Ramirez, Anna C Pham, Adrian Hawley. The impact of digestion is essential to the understanding of milk as a drug delivery system for poorly water soluble drugs. Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society. 2018 12; 292(?):13-17. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.10.027. [PMID: 30359667]
  • A T Larsen, R Holm, A Müllertz. Solution or suspension - Does it matter for lipid based systems? In vivo studies of chase dosing lipid vehicles with aqueous suspensions of a poorly soluble drug. European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V. 2017 Aug; 117(?):308-314. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.04.023. [PMID: 28465239]
  • Maria Høtoft Michaelsen, Kishor M Wasan, Olena Sivak, Anette Müllertz, Thomas Rades. The Effect of Digestion and Drug Load on Halofantrine Absorption from Self-nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS). The AAPS journal. 2016 Jan; 18(1):180-6. doi: 10.1208/s12248-015-9832-7. [PMID: 26486790]
  • Isha Taneja, Kanumuri Siva Rama Raju, Sheelendra Pratap Singh, Muhammad Wahajuddin. Assessment of pharmacokinetic compatibility of short acting CDRI candidate trioxane derivative, 99-411, with long acting prescription antimalarials, lumefantrine and piperaquine. Scientific reports. 2015 Nov; 5(?):17264. doi: 10.1038/srep17264. [PMID: 26602250]
  • Vasiliy Korotchenko, Ramadas Sathunuru, Lucia Gerena, Diana Caridha, Qigui Li, Mara Kreishman-Deitrick, Philip L Smith, Ai J Lin. Antimalarial activity of 4-amidinoquinoline and 10-amidinobenzonaphthyridine derivatives. Journal of medicinal chemistry. 2015 Apr; 58(8):3411-31. doi: 10.1021/jm501809x. [PMID: 25654185]
  • Muhammad Wahajuddin, Sheelendra P Singh, Isha Taneja, Kanumuri S R Raju, Jiaur R Gayen, Hefazat H Siddiqui, Shio K Singh. Simultaneous quantification of proposed anti-malarial combination comprising of lumefantrine and CDRI 97-78 in rat plasma using the HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method: application to drug interaction study. Malaria journal. 2015 Apr; 14(?):172. doi: 10.1186/s12936-015-0684-5. [PMID: 25895956]
  • W Armand Guiguemde, Nicholas H Hunt, Jintao Guo, Annael Marciano, Richard K Haynes, Julie Clark, R Kiplin Guy, Jacob Golenser. Treatment of murine cerebral malaria by artemisone in combination with conventional antimalarial drugs: antiplasmodial effects and immune responses. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 2014 Aug; 58(8):4745-54. doi: 10.1128/aac.01553-13. [PMID: 24913162]
  • Natalie L Trevaskis, Suzanne M Caliph, Gary Nguyen, Patrick Tso, William N Charman, Christopher J H Porter. A mouse model to evaluate the impact of species, sex, and lipid load on lymphatic drug transport. Pharmaceutical research. 2013 Dec; 30(12):3254-70. doi: 10.1007/s11095-013-1000-0. [PMID: 23430484]
  • Suzanne M Caliph, Enyuan Cao, Jürgen B Bulitta, Luojuan Hu, Sifei Han, Christopher J H Porter, Natalie L Trevaskis. The impact of lymphatic transport on the systemic disposition of lipophilic drugs. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 2013 Jul; 102(7):2395-408. doi: 10.1002/jps.23597. [PMID: 23696002]
  • Yan Yan Yeap, Natalie L Trevaskis, Christopher J H Porter. The potential for drug supersaturation during intestinal processing of lipid-based formulations may be enhanced for basic drugs. Molecular pharmaceutics. 2013 Jul; 10(7):2601-15. doi: 10.1021/mp400035z. [PMID: 23697606]
  • Sayed Hassan Seif El-Din, Abdel-Nasser Abdel-Aal Sabra, Olfat Ali Hammam, Naglaa Mohamed El-Lakkany. Effect of ketoconazole, a cytochrome P450 inhibitor, on the efficacy of quinine and halofantrine against Schistosoma mansoni in mice. The Korean journal of parasitology. 2013 Apr; 51(2):165-75. doi: 10.3347/kjp.2013.51.2.165. [PMID: 23710083]
  • Suzanne M Caliph, Natalie L Trevaskis, William N Charman, Christopher J H Porter. Intravenous dosing conditions may affect systemic clearance for highly lipophilic drugs: implications for lymphatic transport and absolute bioavailability studies. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 2012 Sep; 101(9):3540-6. doi: 10.1002/jps.23211. [PMID: 22623170]
  • Jigar P Patel, Dalia A Hamdy, A O El-Kadi, Dion R Brocks. Effect of serum lipoproteins on stereoselective halofantrine metabolism by rat hepatocytes. Chirality. 2012 Jul; 24(7):558-65. doi: 10.1002/chir.22054. [PMID: 22589120]
  • René Holm, Henrik Tønsberg, Erling B Jørgensen, Puyan Abedinpour, Shafiq Farsad, Anette Müllertz. Influence of bile on the absorption of halofantrine from lipid-based formulations. European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V. 2012 Jun; 81(2):281-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.03.005. [PMID: 22465095]
  • N Thomas, R Holm, A Müllertz, T Rades. In vitro and in vivo performance of novel supersaturated self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (super-SNEDDS). Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society. 2012 May; 160(1):25-32. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.02.027. [PMID: 22405903]
  • Natalie L Trevaskis, William N Charman, Christopher J H Porter. Acute hypertriglyceridemia promotes intestinal lymphatic lipid and drug transport: a positive feedback mechanism in lipid and drug absorption. Molecular pharmaceutics. 2011 Aug; 8(4):1132-9. doi: 10.1021/mp100462d. [PMID: 21604764]
  • Anthony A Attama, Collins N Igbonekwu. In vitro properties of surface-modified solid lipid microspheres containing an antimalarial drug: halofantrine. Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine. 2011 Apr; 4(4):253-8. doi: 10.1016/s1995-7645(11)60081-3. [PMID: 21771465]
  • René Holm, Erling Bonne Jørgensen, Michael Harborg, Rune Larsen, Per Holm, Anette Müllertz, Jette Jacobsen. A novel excipient, 1-perfluorohexyloctane shows limited utility for the oral delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs. European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2011 Mar; 42(4):416-22. doi: 10.1016/j.ejps.2011.01.007. [PMID: 21256961]
  • Insaf F Khalil, Ulla Abildrup, Lene H Alifrangis, Deogratius Maiga, Michael Alifrangis, Lotte Hoegberg, Lasse S Vestergaard, Ola Per-Eric Persson, Nyagonde Nyagonde, Martha M Lemnge, Thor G Theander, Ib C Bygbjerg. Measurement of lumefantrine and its metabolite in plasma by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2011 Jan; 54(1):168-72. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.08.009. [PMID: 20832961]
  • Jigar P Patel, Dion R Brocks. Effect of experimental hyperlipidaemia on the electrocardiographic effects of repeated doses of halofantrine in rats. British journal of pharmacology. 2010 Nov; 161(6):1427-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00983.x. [PMID: 20698852]
  • Jigar P Patel, Hesham M Korashy, Ayman O S El-Kadi, Dion R Brocks. Effect of bile and lipids on the stereoselective metabolism of halofantrine by rat everted-intestinal sacs. Chirality. 2010 Feb; 22(2):275-83. doi: 10.1002/chir.20740. [PMID: 19496124]
  • Steve O Ijarotimi, Joseph M Agbedahunsi, Cyprian O Onyeji, Clement O Adewunmi. Chemotherapeutic interaction between Khaya grandifoliola (WELW) CDC stem bark extract and two anti-malarial drugs in mice. African journal of traditional, complementary, and alternative medicines : AJTCAM. 2010; 7(4):370-6. doi: 10.4314/ajtcam.v7i4.56705. [PMID: 21731168]
  • C P Babalola, Y T Kolade, A A Olaniyi, A Adedapo, G K E Scriba. Effect of fluconazole on the pharmacokinetics of halofantrine in healthy volunteers. Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics. 2009 Dec; 34(6):677-82. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2009.01064.x. [PMID: 20175801]
  • Karen L White, Gary Nguyen, William N Charman, Glenn A Edwards, W A Fried Faassen, Christopher J H Porter. Lymphatic transport of Methylnortestosterone undecanoate (MU) and the bioavailability of methylnortestosterone are highly sensitive to the mass of coadministered lipid after oral administration of MU. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics. 2009 Nov; 331(2):700-9. doi: 10.1124/jpet.109.154542. [PMID: 19696095]
  • Jigar P Patel, Jackie G Fleischer, Kishor M Wasan, Dion R Brocks. The effect of experimental hyperlipidemia on the stereoselective tissue distribution, lipoprotein association and microsomal metabolism of (+/-)-halofantrine. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 2009 Jul; 98(7):2516-28. doi: 10.1002/jps.21607. [PMID: 18972574]
  • Wahajuddin, Sheelendra Pratap Singh, Girish Kumar Jain. Determination of lumefantrine in rat plasma by liquid-liquid extraction using LC-MS/MS with electrospray ionization: assay development, validation and application to a pharmacokinetic study. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2009 Apr; 877(11-12):1133-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.02.058. [PMID: 19285925]
  • Marianne L Lind, Jette Jacobsen, René Holm, Anette Müllertz. Intestinal lymphatic transport of halofantrine in rats assessed using a chylomicron flow blocking approach: the influence of polysorbate 60 and 80. European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2008 Oct; 35(3):211-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ejps.2008.07.003. [PMID: 18675904]
  • Oluwatosin A Adaramoye, Dorcas O Osaimoje, Adewale M Akinsanya, Chiaka M Nneji, Michael A Fafunso, Olusegun G Ademowo. Changes in antioxidant status and biochemical indices after acute administration of artemether, artemether-lumefantrine and halofantrine in rats. Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology. 2008 Apr; 102(4):412-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2008.00211.x. [PMID: 18282195]
  • Yetunde T Kolade, Chinedum P Babalola, Ajibola A Olaniyi, Gerhard K E Scriba. Effect of kolanut on the pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial drug halofantrine. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2008 Jan; 64(1):77-81. doi: 10.1007/s00228-007-0387-0. [PMID: 17952423]
  • Sharon I Omoruyi, Cyprian O Onyeji, Michael O Daniyan. Effects of prior administration of amodiaquine on the disposition of halofantrine in healthy volunteers. Therapeutic drug monitoring. 2007 Apr; 29(2):203-6. doi: 10.1097/ftd.0b013e31803d39f7. [PMID: 17417075]
  • Negar Gharavi, Somayeh Sattari, Anooshirvan Shayeganpour, Ayman O S El-Kadi, Dion R Brocks. The stereoselective metabolism of halofantrine to desbutylhalofantrine in the rat: evidence of tissue-specific enantioselectivity in microsomal metabolism. Chirality. 2007 Jan; 19(1):22-33. doi: 10.1002/chir.20334. [PMID: 17089336]
  • Natalie L Trevaskis, Christopher J H Porter, William N Charman. An examination of the interplay between enterocyte-based metabolism and lymphatic drug transport in the rat. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2006 May; 34(5):729-33. doi: 10.1124/dmd.105.008102. [PMID: 16467133]
  • Yetunde T Kolade, Chinedum P Babalola, Gerhard K E Scriba. Analysis of the antimalarial drug halofantrine and its major metabolite N-desbutylhalofantrine in human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2006 Apr; 41(1):315-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.11.002. [PMID: 16337357]
  • Natalie L Trevaskis, Christopher J H Porter, William N Charman. The lymph lipid precursor pool is a key determinant of intestinal lymphatic drug transport. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics. 2006 Feb; 316(2):881-91. doi: 10.1124/jpet.105.094094. [PMID: 16249368]
  • Natalie L Trevaskis, Christopher J H Porter, William N Charman. Bile increases intestinal lymphatic drug transport in the fasted rat. Pharmaceutical research. 2005 Nov; 22(11):1863-70. doi: 10.1007/s11095-005-6808-9. [PMID: 16132351]
  • Helena Ljusberg-Wahren, Flemming Seier Nielsen, Mattias Brogård, Emma Troedsson, Anette Müllertz. Enzymatic characterization of lipid-based drug delivery systems. International journal of pharmaceutics. 2005 Jul; 298(2):328-32. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.02.038. [PMID: 15979260]
  • Peter U Bassi, Cyprian O Onyeji, Otas E Ukponmwan. Effects of tetracycline on the pharmacokinetics of halofantrine in healthy volunteers. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2004 Jul; 58(1):52-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2004.02087.x. [PMID: 15206992]
  • Geoffrey S Dow, Michael L Koenig, Lesley Wolf, Lucia Gerena, Miriam Lopez-Sanchez, Thomas H Hudson, Apurba K Bhattacharjee. The antimalarial potential of 4-quinolinecarbinolamines may be limited due to neurotoxicity and cross-resistance in mefloquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 2004 Jul; 48(7):2624-32. doi: 10.1128/aac.48.7.2624-2632.2004. [PMID: 15215119]
  • Christopher J H Porter, Ann Marie Kaukonen, Agnes Taillardat-Bertschinger, Ben J Boyd, Jacquelyn M O'Connor, Glenn A Edwards, William N Charman. Use of in vitro lipid digestion data to explain the in vivo performance of triglyceride-based oral lipid formulations of poorly water-soluble drugs: studies with halofantrine. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 2004 May; 93(5):1110-21. doi: 10.1002/jps.20039. [PMID: 15067688]
  • Vanessa C F Mosqueira, Philippe M Loiseau, Christian Bories, Philippe Legrand, Jean-Philippe Devissaguet, Gillian Barratt. Efficacy and pharmacokinetics of intravenous nanocapsule formulations of halofantrine in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 2004 Apr; 48(4):1222-8. doi: 10.1128/aac.48.4.1222-1228.2004. [PMID: 15047523]
  • Michelle P McIntosh, William N Charman, Michael Campbell, Christopher J H Porter. Influence of physicochemical properties on the patterns of association of a series of aliphatic esters of halofantrine with plasma lipoproteins. Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society. 2004 Mar; 95(2):275-89. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2003.12.003. [PMID: 14980776]
  • Ann Marie Kaukonen, Ben J Boyd, Christopher J H Porter, William N Charman. Drug solubilization behavior during in vitro digestion of simple triglyceride lipid solution formulations. Pharmaceutical research. 2004 Feb; 21(2):245-53. doi: 10.1023/b:pham.0000016282.77887.1f. [PMID: 15032305]
  • Ann Marie Kaukonen, Ben J Boyd, William N Charman, Christopher J H Porter. Drug solubilization behavior during in vitro digestion of suspension formulations of poorly water-soluble drugs in triglyceride lipids. Pharmaceutical research. 2004 Feb; 21(2):254-60. doi: 10.1023/b:pham.0000016283.87709.a9. [PMID: 15032306]
  • Michelle P McIntosh, Andrew J Batey, Susan J Coker, Christopher J H Porter, William N Charman. Evaluation of the impact of altered lipoprotein binding conditions on halofantrine induced QTc interval prolongation in an anaesthetized rabbit model. The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology. 2004 Jan; 56(1):69-77. doi: 10.1211/0022357022520. [PMID: 14980003]
  • Agnes Taillardat-Bertschinger, Christine S Perry, Alexandra Galland, Richard J Prankerd, William N Charman. Partitioning of halofantrine hydrochloride between water, micellar solutions, and soybean oil: Effects on its apparent ionization constant. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 2003 Nov; 92(11):2217-28. doi: 10.1002/jps.10479. [PMID: 14603507]
  • René Holm, Christopher J H Porter, Glenn A Edwards, Anette Müllertz, Henning G Kristensen, William N Charman. Examination of oral absorption and lymphatic transport of halofantrine in a triple-cannulated canine model after administration in self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) containing structured triglycerides. European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2003 Sep; 20(1):91-7. doi: 10.1016/s0928-0987(03)00174-x. [PMID: 13678797]
  • Shui-Mei Khoo, David M Shackleford, Christopher J H Porter, Glenn A Edwards, William N Charman. Intestinal lymphatic transport of halofantrine occurs after oral administration of a unit-dose lipid-based formulation to fasted dogs. Pharmaceutical research. 2003 Sep; 20(9):1460-5. doi: 10.1023/a:1025718513246. [PMID: 14567642]
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