NCBI Taxonomy: 4306

Euonymus (ncbi_taxid: 4306)

found 50 associated metabolites at genus taxonomy rank level.

Ancestor: Celastraceae

Child Taxonomies: Euonymus alatus, Euonymus maackii, Euonymus wui, Euonymus chui, Euonymus nanus, Euonymus glaber, Euonymus vagans, Euonymus bockii, Euonymus nitidus, Euonymus tingens, Euonymus venosus, Euonymus planipes, Euonymus carnosus, Euonymus cornutus, Euonymus fortunei, Euonymus wilsonii, Euonymus tashiroi, Euonymus balansae, Euonymus chenmoui, Euonymus frigidus, Euonymus spraguei, Euonymus giraldii, Euonymus nanoides, Euonymus theacola, Euonymus obovatus, Euonymus centidens, Euonymus benthamii, Euonymus europaeus, Euonymus euscaphis, Euonymus semenovii, Euonymus echinatus, Euonymus tricarpus, Euonymus japonicus, Euonymus myrianthus, Euonymus aquifolium, Euonymus oxyphyllus, Euonymus laxiflorus, Euonymus boninensis, Euonymus fimbriatus, Euonymus latifolius, Euonymus verrucosus, Euonymus dielsianus, Euonymus dolichopus, Euonymus porphyreus, Euonymus sanguineus, Euonymus americanus, Euonymus yunnanensis, Euonymus macropterus, Euonymus lanceolatus, Euonymus melananthus, Euonymus phellomanus, Euonymus gracillimus, Euonymus mengtseanus, Euonymus microcarpus, Euonymus subsessilis, Euonymus viburnoides, Euonymus lutchuensis, Euonymus schensianus, Euonymus occidentalis, unclassified Euonymus, Euonymus actinocarpus, Euonymus australianus, Euonymus grandiflorus, Euonymus yakushimensis, Euonymus szechuanensis, Euonymus sachalinensis, Euonymus atropurpureus, Euonymus hamiltonianus, Euonymus lichiangensis, Euonymus acanthocarpus, Euonymus verrucosoides, Euonymus kiautschovicus, Euonymus cochinchinensis, Euonymus pleurostylioides, Euonymus cf. europaeus N505, Euonymus aff. carnosus Chase 36534

Galactitol

Galactitol, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material

C6H14O6 (182.0790344)


Galactitol or dulcitol is a sugar alcohol that is a metabolic breakdown product of galactose. Galactose is derived from lactose in food (such as dairy products). When lactose is broken down by the enzyme lactase it produces glucose and galactose. Galactitol has a slightly sweet taste. It is produced from galactose in a reaction catalyzed by aldose reductase. When present in sufficiently high levels, galactitol can act as a metabotoxin, a neurotoxin, and a hepatotoxin. A neurotoxin is a compound that disrupts or attacks neural cells and neural tissue. A hepatotoxin as a compound that disrupts or attacks liver tissue or liver cells. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of galactitol are associated with at least two inborn errors of metabolism, including galactosemia and galactosemia type II. Galactosemia is a rare genetic metabolic disorder that affects an individuals ability to metabolize the sugar galactose properly. Excess lactose consumption in individuals with galactose intolerance or galactosemia activates aldose reductase to produce galactitol, thus depleting NADPH and leading to lowered glutathione reductase activity. As a result, hydrogen peroxide or other free radicals accumulate causing serious oxidative damage to various cells and tissues. In individuals with galactosemia, the enzymes needed for the further metabolism of galactose (galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase) are severely diminished or missing entirely, leading to toxic levels of galactose 1-phosphate, galactitol, and galactonate. High levels of galactitol in infants are specifically associated with hepatomegaly (an enlarged liver), cirrhosis, renal failure, cataracts, vomiting, seizure, hypoglycemia, lethargy, brain damage, and ovarian failure. Galactitol is an optically inactive hexitol having meso-configuration. It has a role as a metabolite, a human metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. Galactitol is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Galactitol is a natural product found in Elaeodendron croceum, Salacia chinensis, and other organisms with data available. Galactitol is a naturally occurring product of plants obtained following reduction of galactose. It appears as a white crystalline powder with a slight sweet taste. It may form in excess in the lens of the eye in galactosemias a deficiency of galactokinase. A naturally occurring product of plants obtained following reduction of GALACTOSE. It appears as a white crystalline powder with a slight sweet taste. It may form in excess in the lens of the eye in GALACTOSEMIAS, a deficiency of GALACTOKINASE. A naturally occurring product of plants obtained following reduction of galactose. It appears as a white crystalline powder with a slight sweet taste.; Dulcitol (or galactitol) is a sugar alcohol, the reduction product of galactose. Galactitol in the urine is a biomarker for the consumption of milk. Galactitol is found in many foods, some of which are elliotts blueberry, italian sweet red pepper, catjang pea, and green bean. An optically inactive hexitol having meso-configuration. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Dulcite is a sugar alcohol with a slightly sweet taste which is a metabolic breakdown product of galactose. Dulcite is a sugar alcohol with a slightly sweet taste which is a metabolic breakdown product of galactose.

   

Friedelin

3(2H)-PICENONE, EICOSAHYDRO-4,4A,6B,8A,11,11,12B,14A-OCTAMETHYL-, (4R-(4.ALPHA.,4A.ALPHA.,6A.BETA.,6B.ALPHA.,8A.ALPHA.,12A.ALPHA.,12B.BETA.,14A.ALPHA.,14B.BETA.))-

C30H50O (426.386145)


Friedelin is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is perhydropicene which is substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and by methyl groups at the 4, 4a, 6b, 8a, 11, 11, 12b, and 14a-positions (the 4R,4aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,12aR,12bS,14aS,14bS-enantiomer). It is the major triterpenoid constituent of cork. It has a role as an anti-inflammatory drug, a non-narcotic analgesic, an antipyretic and a plant metabolite. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a cyclic terpene ketone. Friedelin is a natural product found in Diospyros eriantha, Salacia chinensis, and other organisms with data available. A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is perhydropicene which is substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and by methyl groups at the 4, 4a, 6b, 8a, 11, 11, 12b, and 14a-positions (the 4R,4aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,12aR,12bS,14aS,14bS-enantiomer). It is the major triterpenoid constituent of cork. Friedelin is a member of the class of compounds known as triterpenoids. Triterpenoids are terpene molecules containing six isoprene units. Friedelin is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Friedelin can be found in a number of food items such as pomegranate, sugar apple, apple, and mammee apple, which makes friedelin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Friedelin is a triterpenoid chemical compound found in Azima tetracantha, Orostachys japonica, and Quercus stenophylla. Friedelin is also found in the roots of the Cannabis plant .

   

Oleanolic acid

(4aS,5S,6aS,6bR,8R,8aR,10S,12aR,12bR,14bS)-10-Hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,9,10,11,12,12a,12b,13,14b-octadecahydro-2H-picene-4a-carboxylic acid

C30H48O3 (456.36032579999994)


Oleanolic acid is a pentacyclic triterpene, found in the non-glyceride fraction of olive pomace oil (Olive pomace oil, also known as "orujo" olive oil, is a blend of refined-pomace oil and virgin olive oil, fit for human consumption). Pentacyclic triterpenes are natural compounds which are widely distributed in plants. These natural products have been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory properties. Triterpenoids have been reported to possess antioxidant properties, since they prevent lipid peroxidation and suppress superoxide anion generation. The triterpenes have a history of medicinal use in many Asian countries. Oleanolic acid exhibits both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties depending on chemical structure and dose and may be useful in modulating the immune response; further studies are required to confirm the immunomodulatory behaviour of this triterpenoid, and characterise the mechanisms underlying the biphasic nature of some aspects of the inflammatory response. Oleanolic acid is a ubiquitous triterpenoid in plant kingdom, medicinal herbs, and is an integral part of the human diet. During the last decade over 700 research articles have been published on triterpenoids research, reflecting tremendous interest and progress in our understanding of these compounds. This included the isolation and purification of these tritepernoids from various plants and herbs, the chemical modifications to make more effective and water soluble derivatives, the pharmacological research on their beneficial effects, the toxicity studies, and the clinical use of these triterpenoids in various diseases including anticancer chemotherapies. (PMID:17292619, 15522132, 15994040). Oleanolic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is olean-12-en-28-oic acid substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a hydroxy monocarboxylic acid. It is a conjugate acid of an oleanolate. It derives from a hydride of an oleanane. Oleanolic acid is a natural product found in Ophiopogon japonicus, Freziera, and other organisms with data available. A pentacyclic triterpene that occurs widely in many PLANTS as the free acid or the aglycone for many SAPONINS. It is biosynthesized from lupane. It can rearrange to the isomer, ursolic acid, or be oxidized to taraxasterol and amyrin. See also: Holy basil leaf (part of); Jujube fruit (part of); Paeonia lactiflora root (part of) ... View More ... Occurs as glycosides in cloves (Syzygium aromaticum), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), olive leaves, etc. Very widely distributed aglycone A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is olean-12-en-28-oic acid substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. [Raw Data] CBA90_Oleanolic-acid_neg_50eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA90_Oleanolic-acid_neg_20eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA90_Oleanolic-acid_neg_10eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA90_Oleanolic-acid_neg_30eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA90_Oleanolic-acid_neg_40eV.txt Oleanolic acid (Caryophyllin) is a natural compound from plants with anti-tumor activities. Oleanolic acid (Caryophyllin) is a natural compound from plants with anti-tumor activities.

   

Cholesterol

(1S,2R,5S,10S,11S,14R,15R)-2,15-dimethyl-14-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]tetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadec-7-en-5-ol

C27H46O (386.3548466)


Cholesterol is a sterol (a combination steroid and alcohol) and a lipid found in the cell membranes of all body tissues and transported in the blood plasma of all animals. The name originates from the Greek chole- (bile) and stereos (solid), and the chemical suffix -ol for an alcohol. This is because researchers first identified cholesterol in solid form in gallstones in 1784. In the body, cholesterol can exist in either the free form or as an ester with a single fatty acid (of 10-20 carbons in length) covalently attached to the hydroxyl group at position 3 of the cholesterol ring. Due to the mechanism of synthesis, plasma cholesterol esters tend to contain relatively high proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Most of the cholesterol consumed as a dietary lipid exists as cholesterol esters. Cholesterol esters have a lower solubility in water than cholesterol and are more hydrophobic. They are hydrolyzed by the pancreatic enzyme cholesterol esterase to produce cholesterol and free fatty acids. Cholesterol has vital structural roles in membranes and in lipid metabolism in general. It is a biosynthetic precursor of bile acids, vitamin D, and steroid hormones (glucocorticoids, estrogens, progesterones, androgens and aldosterone). In addition, it contributes to the development and functioning of the central nervous system, and it has major functions in signal transduction and sperm development. Cholesterol is a ubiquitous component of all animal tissues where much of it is located in the membranes, although it is not evenly distributed. The highest proportion of unesterified cholesterol is in the plasma membrane (roughly 30-50\\\\% of the lipid in the membrane or 60-80\\\\% of the cholesterol in the cell), while mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum have very low cholesterol contents. Cholesterol is also enriched in early and recycling endosomes, but not in late endosomes. The brain contains more cholesterol than any other organ where it comprises roughly a quarter of the total free cholesterol in the human body. Of all the organic constituents of blood, only glucose is present in a higher molar concentration than cholesterol. Cholesterol esters appear to be the preferred form for transport in plasma and as a biologically inert storage (de-toxified) form. They do not contribute to membranes but are packed into intracellular lipid particles. Cholesterol molecules (i.e. cholesterol esters) are transported throughout the body via lipoprotein particles. The largest lipoproteins, which primarily transport fats from the intestinal mucosa to the liver, are called chylomicrons. They carry mostly triglyceride fats and cholesterol that are from food, especially internal cholesterol secreted by the liver into the bile. In the liver, chylomicron particles give up triglycerides and some cholesterol. They are then converted into low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, which carry triglycerides and cholesterol on to other body cells. In healthy individuals, the LDL particles are large and relatively few in number. In contrast, large numbers of small LDL particles are strongly associated with promoting atheromatous disease within the arteries. (Lack of information on LDL particle number and size is one of the major problems of conventional lipid tests.). In conditions with elevated concentrations of oxidized LDL particles, especially small LDL particles, cholesterol promotes atheroma plaque deposits in the walls of arteries, a condition known as atherosclerosis, which is a major contributor to coronary heart disease and other forms of cardiovascular disease. There is a worldwide trend to believe that lower total cholesterol levels tend to correlate with lower atherosclerosis event rates (though some studies refute this idea). As a result, cholesterol has become a very large focus for the scientific community trying to determine the proper amount of cholesterol needed in a healthy diet. However, the primary association of atherosclerosis with c... Constituent either free or as esters, of fish liver oils, lard, dairy fats, egg yolk and bran Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals. It is making up 20-25\\% of structural component of the plasma membrane. Plasma membranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins[1][2]. Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist[3]. Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals. It is making up 20-25\% of structural component of the plasma membrane. Plasma membranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins[1][2]. Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist[3].

   

Neoxanthin

(1R,3S)-6-[(1M,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15Z,17E)-18-[(1S,4S,6R)-4-hydroxy-2,2,6-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-ylidene]-1,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane-1,3-diol

C40H56O4 (600.4178376)


Neoxanthin belongs to the class of organic compounds known as xanthophylls. These are carotenoids containing an oxygenated carotene backbone. Carotenes are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Xanthophylls arise by oxygenation of the carotene backbone. Neoxanthin is an intermediate in the synthesis of abscisic acid from violaxanthin. Neoxanthin has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as apples, paprikas, Valencia oranges, kiwis, globe artichokes, sparkleberries, hard wheat, and cinnamon. This could make neoxanthin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Neoxanthin has been shown to exhibit apoptotic and anti-proliferative functions (PMID: 15333710, 15333710). Neoxanthin is a carotenoid and xanthophyll. In plants, it is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone abscisic acid. It is produced from violaxanthin by the action of neoxanthin synthase. It is a major xanthophyll found in green leafy vegetables such as spinach. [Wikipedia] D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

   

Brassicasterol

(1S,2R,5S,10S,11S,14R,15R)-14-[(2R,3E,5R)-5,6-dimethylhept-3-en-2-yl]-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadec-7-en-5-ol

C28H46O (398.3548466)


Brassicasterol belongs to the class of organic compounds known as ergosterols and derivatives. These are steroids containing ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3beta-ol or a derivative thereof, which is based on the 3beta-hydroxylated ergostane skeleton. Thus, brassicasterol is considered to be a sterol lipid molecule. Brassicasterol is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Brassicasterol is a potential CSF biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease (PMID: 21585343). C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28178 - Phytosterol > C68437 - Unsaturated Phytosterol Constituent of Brassica rapa oil Brassicasterol, a metabolite of Ergosterol, plays a role in the inhibitory effect on bladder carcinogenesis promotion via androgen signaling[1]. Brassicasterol shows dual anti-infective properties against HSV-1 (IC50=1.2 μM) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and cardiovascular protective effect[2]. Brassicasterol exerts an anti-cancer effect by dual-targeting AKT and androgen receptor signaling in prostate cancer[3]. Brassicasterol is a metabolite of Ergosterol and has cardiovascular protective effects. Brassicasterol exerts anticancer effects in prostate cancer through dual targeting of AKT and androgen receptor signaling pathways. Brassicasterol inhibits HSV-1 (IC50=1.2 μM) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Brassicasterol also inhibits sterol δ 24-reductase, slowing the progression of atherosclerosis. Brassicasterol is also a cerebrospinal fluid biomarker for Alzheimer's disease[1][2][3][4][5][6]. Brassicasterol, a metabolite of Ergosterol, plays a role in the inhibitory effect on bladder carcinogenesis promotion via androgen signaling[1]. Brassicasterol shows dual anti-infective properties against HSV-1 (IC50=1.2 μM) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and cardiovascular protective effect[2]. Brassicasterol exerts an anti-cancer effect by dual-targeting AKT and androgen receptor signaling in prostate cancer[3].

   

Friedelin

4,4a,6b,8a,11,11,12b,14a-octamethyl-docosahydropicen-3-one

C30H50O (426.386145)


Friedelin is a member of the class of compounds known as triterpenoids. Triterpenoids are terpene molecules containing six isoprene units. Friedelin is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Friedelin can be found in a number of food items such as apple, pear, mammee apple, and sugar apple, which makes friedelin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Friedelin is a triterpenoid chemical compound found in Azima tetracantha, Orostachys japonica, and Quercus stenophylla. Friedelin is also found in the roots of the Cannabis plant .

   

Mayteine

[8R-(8R*,9R*,10R*,11S*,12S*,13R*,14R*,15S*,18S*,19S*,20S*,21S*,22R*)]-10,14,21,22-Tetrakis(acetyloxy)-12-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-13-(benzoyloxy)-7,8,9,10,12,13,14,15,18,19-decahydro-20-hydroxy-8,18,19,20-tetramethyl-8,11-epoxy-9,12-ethano-11,15-methano-11H-[1,8]dioxacycloheptadecino[4,3-b]pyridine-5,17-dione

C43H49NO18 (867.2949494)


A natural product found in Maytenus mekongensis.

   

Neoxanthin

(1R,3S)-6-[(3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(1S,4S,6R)-4-hydroxy-2,2,6-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenylidene]-1,5,5-trimethyl-cyclohexane-1,3-diol

C40H56O4 (600.4178376)


9-cis-neoxanthin is a neoxanthin in which all of the double bonds have trans geometry except for that at the 9 position, which is cis. It is a 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid and a neoxanthin. Neoxanthin is a natural product found in Hibiscus syriacus, Cladonia rangiferina, and other organisms with data available. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

   

Cholesterol

(1S,2R,5S,10S,11S,14R,15R)-2,15-dimethyl-14-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]tetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadec-7-en-5-ol

C27H46O (386.3548466)


A cholestanoid consisting of cholestane having a double bond at the 5,6-position as well as a 3beta-hydroxy group. Disclaimer: While authors make an effort to ensure that the content of this record is accurate, the authors make no representations or warranties in relation to the accuracy or completeness of the record. This record do not reflect any viewpoints of the affiliation and organization to which the authors belong. Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals. It is making up 20-25\\% of structural component of the plasma membrane. Plasma membranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins[1][2]. Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist[3]. Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals. It is making up 20-25\% of structural component of the plasma membrane. Plasma membranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins[1][2]. Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist[3].

   
   

Brassicasterol

ergosta-5,22E-dien-3beta-ol

C28H46O (398.3548466)


An 3beta-sterol that is (22E)-ergosta-5,22-diene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3beta. It is a phytosterol found in marine algae, fish, and rapeseed oil. C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28178 - Phytosterol > C68437 - Unsaturated Phytosterol Disclaimer: While authors make an effort to ensure that the content of this record is accurate, the authors make no representations or warranties in relation to the accuracy or completeness of the record. This record do not reflect any viewpoints of the affiliation and organization to which the authors belong. Brassicasterol, a metabolite of Ergosterol, plays a role in the inhibitory effect on bladder carcinogenesis promotion via androgen signaling[1]. Brassicasterol shows dual anti-infective properties against HSV-1 (IC50=1.2 μM) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and cardiovascular protective effect[2]. Brassicasterol exerts an anti-cancer effect by dual-targeting AKT and androgen receptor signaling in prostate cancer[3]. Brassicasterol is a metabolite of Ergosterol and has cardiovascular protective effects. Brassicasterol exerts anticancer effects in prostate cancer through dual targeting of AKT and androgen receptor signaling pathways. Brassicasterol inhibits HSV-1 (IC50=1.2 μM) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Brassicasterol also inhibits sterol δ 24-reductase, slowing the progression of atherosclerosis. Brassicasterol is also a cerebrospinal fluid biomarker for Alzheimer's disease[1][2][3][4][5][6]. Brassicasterol, a metabolite of Ergosterol, plays a role in the inhibitory effect on bladder carcinogenesis promotion via androgen signaling[1]. Brassicasterol shows dual anti-infective properties against HSV-1 (IC50=1.2 μM) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and cardiovascular protective effect[2]. Brassicasterol exerts an anti-cancer effect by dual-targeting AKT and androgen receptor signaling in prostate cancer[3].

   

Galactitol

Galactitol

C6H14O6 (182.0790344)


COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Dulcite is a sugar alcohol with a slightly sweet taste which is a metabolic breakdown product of galactose. Dulcite is a sugar alcohol with a slightly sweet taste which is a metabolic breakdown product of galactose.

   

4-[(3as,5ar,7s,9as,11ar)-3a,7-dihydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl]-5h-furan-2-one

4-[(3as,5ar,7s,9as,11ar)-3a,7-dihydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl]-5h-furan-2-one

C23H34O4 (374.24569640000004)


   

(1r,2r)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]propane-1,3-diol

(1r,2r)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]propane-1,3-diol

C20H26O7 (378.1678446)


   

18,21,22-tris(acetyloxy)-20-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-24,25-dihydroxy-3,13,14,25-tetramethyl-6,15-dioxo-2,5,16-trioxa-11-azapentacyclo[15.7.1.0¹,²⁰.0³,²³.0⁷,¹²]pentacosa-7,9,11-trien-19-yl benzoate

18,21,22-tris(acetyloxy)-20-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-24,25-dihydroxy-3,13,14,25-tetramethyl-6,15-dioxo-2,5,16-trioxa-11-azapentacyclo[15.7.1.0¹,²⁰.0³,²³.0⁷,¹²]pentacosa-7,9,11-trien-19-yl benzoate

C41H47NO17 (825.2843852000001)


   

(1s,2s,4s,5r,6r,7r,9r,12r)-12-(acetyloxy)-6-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-4,5-bis(benzoyloxy)-2-hydroxy-2,10,10-trimethyl-11-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.0¹,⁶]dodecan-7-yl benzoate

(1s,2s,4s,5r,6r,7r,9r,12r)-12-(acetyloxy)-6-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-4,5-bis(benzoyloxy)-2-hydroxy-2,10,10-trimethyl-11-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.0¹,⁶]dodecan-7-yl benzoate

C40H42O12 (714.2676132)


   

[(1r,3s,13r,14r,17r,18r,19r,20s,21r,23s,24r,25s)-18,19,21,24-tetrakis(acetyloxy)-25-hydroxy-3,13,14,25-tetramethyl-6,15,22-trioxo-2,5,16-trioxa-11-azapentacyclo[15.7.1.0¹,²⁰.0³,²³.0⁷,¹²]pentacosa-7,9,11-trien-20-yl]methyl acetate

[(1r,3s,13r,14r,17r,18r,19r,20s,21r,23s,24r,25s)-18,19,21,24-tetrakis(acetyloxy)-25-hydroxy-3,13,14,25-tetramethyl-6,15,22-trioxo-2,5,16-trioxa-11-azapentacyclo[15.7.1.0¹,²⁰.0³,²³.0⁷,¹²]pentacosa-7,9,11-trien-20-yl]methyl acetate

C36H43NO17 (761.2530868000001)


   

(1s,2s,4s,5r,6r,7s,9r,12r)-4,5,12-tris(acetyloxy)-6-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-2-hydroxy-2,10,10-trimethyl-11-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.0¹,⁶]dodecan-7-yl benzoate

(1s,2s,4s,5r,6r,7s,9r,12r)-4,5,12-tris(acetyloxy)-6-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-2-hydroxy-2,10,10-trimethyl-11-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.0¹,⁶]dodecan-7-yl benzoate

C30H38O12 (590.2363148)


   

(3r,14s,17s,24r,25s)-18,21,22-tris(acetyloxy)-20-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-19-(benzoyloxy)-25-hydroxy-3,13,14,25-tetramethyl-6,15-dioxo-2,5,16-trioxa-11-azapentacyclo[15.7.1.0¹,²⁰.0³,²³.0⁷,¹²]pentacosa-7,9,11-trien-24-yl benzoate

(3r,14s,17s,24r,25s)-18,21,22-tris(acetyloxy)-20-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-19-(benzoyloxy)-25-hydroxy-3,13,14,25-tetramethyl-6,15-dioxo-2,5,16-trioxa-11-azapentacyclo[15.7.1.0¹,²⁰.0³,²³.0⁷,¹²]pentacosa-7,9,11-trien-24-yl benzoate

C48H51NO18 (929.3105986)


   

4,4,6b,8a,11,11,12b,14a-octamethyl-hexadecahydropicene-2,7,10-triol

4,4,6b,8a,11,11,12b,14a-octamethyl-hexadecahydropicene-2,7,10-triol

C30H52O3 (460.3916242)


   

(1s,2s,4s,5r,6s,7s,8s,9s,12r)-4,5,8-tris(acetyloxy)-6-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-2,12-dihydroxy-2,10,10-trimethyl-11-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.0¹,⁶]dodecan-7-yl benzoate

(1s,2s,4s,5r,6s,7s,8s,9s,12r)-4,5,8-tris(acetyloxy)-6-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-2,12-dihydroxy-2,10,10-trimethyl-11-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.0¹,⁶]dodecan-7-yl benzoate

C30H38O13 (606.2312297999999)


   

(1r,3as,5ar,5br,7ar,9s,10r,11ar,11br,13ar,13br)-9,10-dihydroxy-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-1-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysene-3a-carboxylic acid

(1r,3as,5ar,5br,7ar,9s,10r,11ar,11br,13ar,13br)-9,10-dihydroxy-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-1-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysene-3a-carboxylic acid

C30H48O4 (472.3552408)


   

[(1s,3s,13s,14s,17s,18s,19s,20r,21s,24r,25s)-18,19,21,24-tetrakis(acetyloxy)-25-hydroxy-3,13,14,25-tetramethyl-6,15,22-trioxo-2,5,16-trioxa-11-azapentacyclo[15.7.1.0¹,²⁰.0³,²³.0⁷,¹²]pentacosa-7,9,11-trien-20-yl]methyl acetate

[(1s,3s,13s,14s,17s,18s,19s,20r,21s,24r,25s)-18,19,21,24-tetrakis(acetyloxy)-25-hydroxy-3,13,14,25-tetramethyl-6,15,22-trioxo-2,5,16-trioxa-11-azapentacyclo[15.7.1.0¹,²⁰.0³,²³.0⁷,¹²]pentacosa-7,9,11-trien-20-yl]methyl acetate

C36H43NO17 (761.2530868000001)


   

(1s,4as,6ar,6bs,12as,12br,14as,14br)-2,2,4a,6a,9,9,12b,14a-octamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6b,7,10,11,12,12a,13,14,14b-tetradecahydropicen-1-ol

(1s,4as,6ar,6bs,12as,12br,14as,14br)-2,2,4a,6a,9,9,12b,14a-octamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6b,7,10,11,12,12a,13,14,14b-tetradecahydropicen-1-ol

C30H50O (426.386145)


   

11-hydroxy-2,5,6,10,10,14,21-heptamethyl-22-oxahexacyclo[19.5.1.0²,¹⁹.0⁵,¹⁸.0⁶,¹⁵.0⁹,¹⁴]heptacos-17-en-23-one

11-hydroxy-2,5,6,10,10,14,21-heptamethyl-22-oxahexacyclo[19.5.1.0²,¹⁹.0⁵,¹⁸.0⁶,¹⁵.0⁹,¹⁴]heptacos-17-en-23-one

C33H52O3 (496.3916242)


   

20,22,25-tris(acetyloxy)-21-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-15,26-dihydroxy-3,15,26-trimethyl-6,16,23-trioxo-2,5,17-trioxa-11-azapentacyclo[16.7.1.0¹,²¹.0³,²⁴.0⁷,¹²]hexacosa-7,9,11-trien-19-yl benzoate

20,22,25-tris(acetyloxy)-21-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-15,26-dihydroxy-3,15,26-trimethyl-6,16,23-trioxo-2,5,17-trioxa-11-azapentacyclo[16.7.1.0¹,²¹.0³,²⁴.0⁷,¹²]hexacosa-7,9,11-trien-19-yl benzoate

C41H45NO18 (839.263651)


   

(1s,3r,18r,21r,24s,26s)-19,22,23-tris(acetyloxy)-21-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-25,26-dihydroxy-3,15,26-trimethyl-6,16-dioxo-2,5,17-trioxa-11-azapentacyclo[16.7.1.0¹,²¹.0³,²⁴.0⁷,¹²]hexacosa-7,9,11-trien-20-yl benzoate

(1s,3r,18r,21r,24s,26s)-19,22,23-tris(acetyloxy)-21-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-25,26-dihydroxy-3,15,26-trimethyl-6,16-dioxo-2,5,17-trioxa-11-azapentacyclo[16.7.1.0¹,²¹.0³,²⁴.0⁷,¹²]hexacosa-7,9,11-trien-20-yl benzoate

C41H47NO17 (825.2843852000001)


   

4,7,12-tris(acetyloxy)-6-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-2,10,10-trimethyl-8-oxo-11-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.0¹,⁶]dodecan-5-yl benzoate

4,7,12-tris(acetyloxy)-6-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-2,10,10-trimethyl-8-oxo-11-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.0¹,⁶]dodecan-5-yl benzoate

C30H36O12 (588.2206656000001)


   

6-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-8-(benzoyloxy)-2-hydroxy-2,10,10-trimethyl-5,12-bis[(2-methylbutanoyl)oxy]-11-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.0¹,⁶]dodecan-7-yl furan-3-carboxylate

6-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-8-(benzoyloxy)-2-hydroxy-2,10,10-trimethyl-5,12-bis[(2-methylbutanoyl)oxy]-11-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.0¹,⁶]dodecan-7-yl furan-3-carboxylate

C39H50O13 (726.325125)


   

7,12-bis(acetyloxy)-6-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-5-(benzoyloxy)-2-hydroxy-2,10,10-trimethyl-11-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.0¹,⁶]dodecan-4-yl benzoate

7,12-bis(acetyloxy)-6-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-5-(benzoyloxy)-2-hydroxy-2,10,10-trimethyl-11-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.0¹,⁶]dodecan-4-yl benzoate

C35H40O12 (652.251964)


   

(1s,2r)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-{4-[(1e)-3-hydroxyprop-1-en-1-yl]-2-methoxyphenoxy}propane-1,3-diol

(1s,2r)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-{4-[(1e)-3-hydroxyprop-1-en-1-yl]-2-methoxyphenoxy}propane-1,3-diol

C20H24O7 (376.1521954)


   

4,12-bis(acetyloxy)-2-hydroxy-2,10,10-trimethyl-7-[(2-methylbutanoyl)oxy]-6-{[(2-methylbutanoyl)oxy]methyl}-11-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.0¹,⁶]dodecan-5-yl benzoate

4,12-bis(acetyloxy)-2-hydroxy-2,10,10-trimethyl-7-[(2-methylbutanoyl)oxy]-6-{[(2-methylbutanoyl)oxy]methyl}-11-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.0¹,⁶]dodecan-5-yl benzoate

C36H50O12 (674.3302100000001)


   

[20,21,23,24,26-pentakis(acetyloxy)-27-hydroxy-3,16,27-trimethyl-6,17-dioxo-2,5,18-trioxa-11-azapentacyclo[17.7.1.0¹,²².0³,²⁵.0⁷,¹²]heptacosa-7,9,11-trien-22-yl]methyl acetate

[20,21,23,24,26-pentakis(acetyloxy)-27-hydroxy-3,16,27-trimethyl-6,17-dioxo-2,5,18-trioxa-11-azapentacyclo[17.7.1.0¹,²².0³,²⁵.0⁷,¹²]heptacosa-7,9,11-trien-22-yl]methyl acetate

C39H49NO18 (819.2949494)


   

(1s,2s,4s,5r,6r,7s,9r,12r)-12-(acetyloxy)-6-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-7-(furan-3-carbonyloxy)-2-hydroxy-2,10,10-trimethyl-5-{[(2r)-2-methylbutanoyl]oxy}-11-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.0¹,⁶]dodecan-4-yl furan-3-carboxylate

(1s,2s,4s,5r,6r,7s,9r,12r)-12-(acetyloxy)-6-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-7-(furan-3-carbonyloxy)-2-hydroxy-2,10,10-trimethyl-5-{[(2r)-2-methylbutanoyl]oxy}-11-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.0¹,⁶]dodecan-4-yl furan-3-carboxylate

C34H42O14 (674.2574432)


   

4-[(1r,3as,3br,5ar,7r,9r,9as,9bs,11ar)-3a,9-dihydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-7-{[(2r,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl]-5h-furan-2-one

4-[(1r,3as,3br,5ar,7r,9r,9as,9bs,11ar)-3a,9-dihydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-7-{[(2r,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl]-5h-furan-2-one

C29H44O9 (536.2985174)


   
   

4,10-dihydroxy-2,4a,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,7,8,8a,10,11,12,12b,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-2-carboxylic acid

4,10-dihydroxy-2,4a,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,7,8,8a,10,11,12,12b,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-2-carboxylic acid

C30H48O4 (472.3552408)


   

4-[(2s,3r)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(1e)-3-hydroxyprop-1-en-1-yl]-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenol

4-[(2s,3r)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(1e)-3-hydroxyprop-1-en-1-yl]-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenol

C21H24O7 (388.1521954)


   

11-(hydroxymethyl)-4,4a,6b,8a,11,12b,14a-heptamethyl-tetradecahydro-1h-picen-3-one

11-(hydroxymethyl)-4,4a,6b,8a,11,12b,14a-heptamethyl-tetradecahydro-1h-picen-3-one

C30H50O2 (442.38106)


   

[(1r,3r,15s,18s,19r,20s,21r,22s,23s,24s,25r,26r)-19,20,22,23,25-pentakis(acetyloxy)-3,15,26-trimethyl-6,16-dioxo-2,5,17-trioxa-11-azapentacyclo[16.7.1.0¹,²¹.0³,²⁴.0⁷,¹²]hexacosa-7,9,11-trien-21-yl]methyl acetate

[(1r,3r,15s,18s,19r,20s,21r,22s,23s,24s,25r,26r)-19,20,22,23,25-pentakis(acetyloxy)-3,15,26-trimethyl-6,16-dioxo-2,5,17-trioxa-11-azapentacyclo[16.7.1.0¹,²¹.0³,²⁴.0⁷,¹²]hexacosa-7,9,11-trien-21-yl]methyl acetate

C38H47NO17 (789.2843852000001)


   

(1s,3s,13s,14s,17s,18s,19s,20r,21s,22r,23r,24r,25r)-20,21,22-tris(acetyloxy)-19-(benzoyloxy)-18,25-dihydroxy-3,13,14,25-tetramethyl-6,15-dioxo-2,5,16-trioxa-11-azapentacyclo[15.7.1.0¹,²⁰.0³,²³.0⁷,¹²]pentacosa-7,9,11-trien-24-yl benzoate

(1s,3s,13s,14s,17s,18s,19s,20r,21s,22r,23r,24r,25r)-20,21,22-tris(acetyloxy)-19-(benzoyloxy)-18,25-dihydroxy-3,13,14,25-tetramethyl-6,15-dioxo-2,5,16-trioxa-11-azapentacyclo[15.7.1.0¹,²⁰.0³,²³.0⁷,¹²]pentacosa-7,9,11-trien-24-yl benzoate

C45H47NO17 (873.2843852000001)


   

5,12-bis(acetyloxy)-6-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-2,10,10-trimethyl-11-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.0¹,⁶]dodecan-7-yl pyridine-3-carboxylate

5,12-bis(acetyloxy)-6-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-2,10,10-trimethyl-11-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.0¹,⁶]dodecan-7-yl pyridine-3-carboxylate

C27H35NO9 (517.23117)


   

6-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-7-(furan-3-carbonyloxy)-2,12-dihydroxy-2,10,10-trimethyl-5-[(2-methylbutanoyl)oxy]-11-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.0¹,⁶]dodecan-4-yl furan-3-carboxylate

6-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-7-(furan-3-carbonyloxy)-2,12-dihydroxy-2,10,10-trimethyl-5-[(2-methylbutanoyl)oxy]-11-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.0¹,⁶]dodecan-4-yl furan-3-carboxylate

C32H40O13 (632.246879)


   

[(1s,3r,13s,14s,17s,18r,19r,20s,21s,23r,24r,25s)-18,19,21-tris(acetyloxy)-24,25-dihydroxy-3,13,14,25-tetramethyl-6,15,22-trioxo-2,5,16-trioxa-11-azapentacyclo[15.7.1.0¹,²⁰.0³,²³.0⁷,¹²]pentacosa-7,9,11-trien-20-yl]methyl acetate

[(1s,3r,13s,14s,17s,18r,19r,20s,21s,23r,24r,25s)-18,19,21-tris(acetyloxy)-24,25-dihydroxy-3,13,14,25-tetramethyl-6,15,22-trioxo-2,5,16-trioxa-11-azapentacyclo[15.7.1.0¹,²⁰.0³,²³.0⁷,¹²]pentacosa-7,9,11-trien-20-yl]methyl acetate

C34H41NO16 (719.2425226)


   

4,12-bis(acetyloxy)-6-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-2-hydroxy-2,10,10-trimethyl-5-[(2-methylbutanoyl)oxy]-11-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.0¹,⁶]dodecan-7-yl benzoate

4,12-bis(acetyloxy)-6-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-2-hydroxy-2,10,10-trimethyl-5-[(2-methylbutanoyl)oxy]-11-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.0¹,⁶]dodecan-7-yl benzoate

C33H44O12 (632.2832624)


   

(1r,2s,4r,5s,6r,7r,9s,12s)-4,7,12-tris(acetyloxy)-6-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-2,10,10-trimethyl-8-oxo-11-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.0¹,⁶]dodecan-5-yl benzoate

(1r,2s,4r,5s,6r,7r,9s,12s)-4,7,12-tris(acetyloxy)-6-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-2,10,10-trimethyl-8-oxo-11-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.0¹,⁶]dodecan-5-yl benzoate

C30H36O12 (588.2206656000001)


   

(1r,3r,13r,14s,17s,18r,19r,20r,21s,22r,23r,24r,25s)-18,21,22-tris(acetyloxy)-20-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-19-(benzoyloxy)-25-hydroxy-3,13,14,25-tetramethyl-6,15-dioxo-2,5,16-trioxa-11-azapentacyclo[15.7.1.0¹,²⁰.0³,²³.0⁷,¹²]pentacosa-7,9,11-trien-24-yl benzoate

(1r,3r,13r,14s,17s,18r,19r,20r,21s,22r,23r,24r,25s)-18,21,22-tris(acetyloxy)-20-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-19-(benzoyloxy)-25-hydroxy-3,13,14,25-tetramethyl-6,15-dioxo-2,5,16-trioxa-11-azapentacyclo[15.7.1.0¹,²⁰.0³,²³.0⁷,¹²]pentacosa-7,9,11-trien-24-yl benzoate

C48H51NO18 (929.3105986)


   

(1r,3s,13r,14s,17r,18s,19s,20s,21r,22s,23s,24s,25r)-18,21,22,24-tetrakis(acetyloxy)-20-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-25-hydroxy-3,13,14,25-tetramethyl-6,15-dioxo-2,5,16-trioxa-11-azapentacyclo[15.7.1.0¹,²⁰.0³,²³.0⁷,¹²]pentacosa-7,9,11-trien-19-yl benzoate

(1r,3s,13r,14s,17r,18s,19s,20s,21r,22s,23s,24s,25r)-18,21,22,24-tetrakis(acetyloxy)-20-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-25-hydroxy-3,13,14,25-tetramethyl-6,15-dioxo-2,5,16-trioxa-11-azapentacyclo[15.7.1.0¹,²⁰.0³,²³.0⁷,¹²]pentacosa-7,9,11-trien-19-yl benzoate

C43H49NO18 (867.2949494)


   

(1r,2s,4r,5s,6r,7r,8s,9s,12s)-7,12-bis(acetyloxy)-6-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-4,8-bis(benzoyloxy)-2,10,10-trimethyl-11-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.0¹,⁶]dodecan-5-yl benzoate

(1r,2s,4r,5s,6r,7r,8s,9s,12s)-7,12-bis(acetyloxy)-6-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-4,8-bis(benzoyloxy)-2,10,10-trimethyl-11-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.0¹,⁶]dodecan-5-yl benzoate

C42H44O13 (756.2781774)