Crocetin (BioDeep_00000177724)

   

human metabolite PANOMIX_OTCML-2023 blood metabolite


代谢物信息卡片


Crocetin

化学式: C20H24O4 (328.1674504)
中文名称:
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 () 0%

分子结构信息

SMILES: C/C(=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C(=O)O)/C=C/C=C(\C)/C(=O)O
InChI: InChI=1S/C20H24O4/c1-15(11-7-13-17(3)19(21)22)9-5-6-10-16(2)12-8-14-18(4)20(23)24/h5-14H,1-4H3,(H,21,22)(H,23,24)

描述信息

同义名列表

1 个代谢物同义名

Crocetin



数据库引用编号

6 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

PlantCyc(0)

代谢反应

0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

7 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。



文献列表

  • Yunbo Wang, Junling Yan, Liang Xi, Zhiyu Qian, Zhenghong Wang, Lina Yang. Protective effect of crocetin on hemorrhagic shock-induced acute renal failure in rats. Shock (Augusta, Ga.). 2012 Jul; 38(1):63-7. doi: 10.1097/shk.0b013e3182596ec4. [PMID: 22576007]
  • George D Geromichalos, Fotini N Lamari, Magdalini A Papandreou, Dimitrios T Trafalis, Marigoula Margarity, Athanasios Papageorgiou, Zacharias Sinakos. Saffron as a source of novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: molecular docking and in vitro enzymatic studies. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2012 Jun; 60(24):6131-8. doi: 10.1021/jf300589c. [PMID: 22655699]
  • Mai Nagatoshi, Kazuyoshi Terasaka, Miki Owaki, Makiko Sota, Tatsunori Inukai, Akito Nagatsu, Hajime Mizukami. UGT75L6 and UGT94E5 mediate sequential glucosylation of crocetin to crocin in Gardenia jasminoides. FEBS letters. 2012 Apr; 586(7):1055-61. doi: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.03.003. [PMID: 22569263]
  • Seiji Hayasaka, Tatsuo Kodama, Akihiro Ohira. Traditional Japanese herbal (kampo) medicines and treatment of ocular diseases: a review. The American journal of Chinese medicine. 2012; 40(5):887-904. doi: 10.1142/s0192415x12500668. [PMID: 22928823]
  • William G Gutheil, Gregory Reed, Amitabha Ray, Shrikant Anant, Animesh Dhar. Crocetin: an agent derived from saffron for prevention and therapy for cancer. Current pharmaceutical biotechnology. 2012 Jan; 13(1):173-9. doi: 10.2174/138920112798868566. [PMID: 21466430]
  • Fumihiko Yoshino, Ayaka Yoshida, Naofumi Umigai, Koya Kubo, Masaichi-Chang-Il Lee. Crocetin reduces the oxidative stress induced reactive oxygen species in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSPs) brain. Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition. 2011 Nov; 49(3):182-7. doi: 10.3164/jcbn.11-01. [PMID: 22128217]
  • Xiaodong Bie, Yueqing Chen, Xuesheng Zheng, Haibin Dai. The role of crocetin in protection following cerebral contusion and in the enhancement of angiogenesis in rats. Fitoterapia. 2011 Oct; 82(7):997-1002. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2011.06.001. [PMID: 21741458]
  • Magdalini A Papandreou, Maria Tsachaki, Spiros Efthimiopoulos, Paul Cordopatis, Fotini N Lamari, Marigoula Margarity. Memory enhancing effects of saffron in aged mice are correlated with antioxidant protection. Behavioural brain research. 2011 Jun; 219(2):197-204. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.01.007. [PMID: 21238492]
  • Dimitra G Chryssanthi, Fotini N Lamari, Constantine D Georgakopoulos, Paul Cordopatis. A new validated SPE-HPLC method for monitoring crocetin in human plasma--application after saffron tea consumption. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2011 Jun; 55(3):563-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.02.018. [PMID: 21398065]
  • Arshiya Sultana, Khaleeq ur Rahman, Renuka Bangalore Nagaraj. Conception in unilateral right tubal blockage with herbomineral formulations: a case report. Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.). 2011 Jun; 17(6):557-61. doi: 10.1089/acm.2010.0202. [PMID: 21574821]
  • N Umigai, K Murakami, M V Ulit, L S Antonio, M Shirotori, H Morikawa, T Nakano. The pharmacokinetic profile of crocetin in healthy adult human volunteers after a single oral administration. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology. 2011 May; 18(7):575-8. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.10.019. [PMID: 21112749]
  • Yan Chen, Zhong-Lin Yang, Lei-Hong Zhang, Su-Juan Liu, Xian-Tao Zhang. [Determination of geniposide, crocin and crocetin in different processing products of fructus gardeniae by HPLC-ELSD]. Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials. 2011 May; 34(5):687-90. doi: . [PMID: 21954552]
  • F Berger, A Hensel, K Nieber. Saffron extract and trans-crocetin inhibit glutamatergic synaptic transmission in rat cortical brain slices. Neuroscience. 2011 Apr; 180(?):238-47. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.02.037. [PMID: 21352900]
  • Divyamani Srinivasan, Nandhini Muthukrishnan, Gregory A Johnson, Alfredo Erazo-Oliveras, Jongdoo Lim, Eric E Simanek, Jean-Philippe Pellois. Conjugation to the cell-penetrating peptide TAT potentiates the photodynamic effect of carboxytetramethylrhodamine. PloS one. 2011 Mar; 6(3):e17732. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017732. [PMID: 21423812]
  • Rongjie Yang, Kathy Vernon, Ann Thomas, David Morrison, Nilofer Qureshi, Charles W Van Way. Crocetin reduces activation of hepatic apoptotic pathways and improves survival in experimental hemorrhagic shock. JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition. 2011 Jan; 35(1):107-13. doi: 10.1177/0148607110374058. [PMID: 21224437]
  • Banasri Hazra, Subhalakshmi Ghosh, Amit Kumar, B N Pandey. The prospective role of plant products in radiotherapy of cancer: a current overview. Frontiers in pharmacology. 2011; 2(?):94. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2011.00094. [PMID: 22291649]
  • N Esmaeili, H Ebrahimzadeh, K Abdi, S Safarian. Determination of some phenolic compounds in Crocus sativus L. corms and its antioxidant activities study. Pharmacognosy magazine. 2011 Jan; 7(25):74-80. doi: 10.4103/0973-1296.75906. [PMID: 21472084]
  • Lina Yang, Zhiyu Qian, Hui Ji, Ruhui Yang, Yuhuan Wang, Liang Xi, Liang Sheng, Bohua Zhao, Xiaoming Zhang. Inhibitory effect on protein kinase Ctheta by Crocetin attenuates palmitate-induced insulin insensitivity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. European journal of pharmacology. 2010 Sep; 642(1-3):47-55. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.05.061. [PMID: 20541543]
  • Angela Rubio-Moraga, Almudena Trapero, Oussama Ahrazem, Lourdes Gómez-Gómez. Crocins transport in Crocus sativus: the long road from a senescent stigma to a newborn corm. Phytochemistry. 2010 Sep; 71(13):1506-13. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.05.026. [PMID: 20573363]
  • H Kuratsune, N Umigai, R Takeno, Y Kajimoto, T Nakano. Effect of crocetin from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis on sleep: a pilot study. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology. 2010 Sep; 17(11):840-3. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.03.025. [PMID: 20537515]
  • Sonia A Tucci, Emma J Boyland, Jason Cg Halford. The role of lipid and carbohydrate digestive enzyme inhibitors in the management of obesity: a review of current and emerging therapeutic agents. Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy. 2010 May; 3(?):125-43. doi: 10.2147/dmsott.s7005. [PMID: 21437083]
  • Junling Yan, Zhiyu Qian, Liang Sheng, Bohua Zhao, Lina Yang, Hui Ji, Xiaoyuan Han, Rong Zhang. Effect of crocetin on blood pressure restoration and synthesis of inflammatory mediators in heart after hemorrhagic shock in anesthetized rats. Shock (Augusta, Ga.). 2010 Jan; 33(1):83-7. doi: 10.1097/shk.0b013e3181a98f55. [PMID: 19487985]
  • Katarzyna Lech, Janina Witowska-Jarosz, Maciej Jarosz. Saffron yellow: characterization of carotenoids by high performance liquid chromatography with electrospray mass spectrometric detection. Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS. 2009 Dec; 44(12):1661-7. doi: 10.1002/jms.1631. [PMID: 19821449]
  • Lishan Jia, Qian Zhang, Qingbiao Li, Hao Song. The biosynthesis of palladium nanoparticles by antioxidants in Gardenia jasminoides Ellis: long lifetime nanocatalysts for p-nitrotoluene hydrogenation. Nanotechnology. 2009 Sep; 20(38):385601. doi: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/38/385601. [PMID: 19713585]
  • Hossein Hosseinzadeh, Mohammad Hadi Modaghegh, Zahra Saffari. Crocus sativus L. (Saffron) extract and its active constituents (crocin and safranal) on ischemia-reperfusion in rat skeletal muscle. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM. 2009 Sep; 6(3):343-50. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nem125. [PMID: 18955256]
  • Angela Rubio Moraga, Almudena Trapero Mozos, Oussama Ahrazem, Lourdes Gómez-Gómez. Cloning and characterization of a glucosyltransferase from Crocus sativus stigmas involved in flavonoid glucosylation. BMC plant biology. 2009 Aug; 9(?):109. doi: 10.1186/1471-2229-9-109. [PMID: 19695093]
  • Hamid A Kazi, Zhiyu Qian. Crocetin reduces TNBS-induced experimental colitis in mice by downregulation of NFkB. Saudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association. 2009 Jul; 15(3):181-7. doi: 10.4103/1319-3767.54750. [PMID: 19636180]
  • Stella A Ordoudi, Christina D Befani, Nikolaos Nenadis, George G Koliakos, Maria Z Tsimidou. Further examination of antiradical properties of Crocus sativus stigmas extract rich in crocins. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2009 Apr; 57(8):3080-6. doi: 10.1021/jf804041g. [PMID: 19284715]
  • Luana Maggi, Manuel Carmona, Amaya Zalacain, Magdalena Martínez Tomé, María Antonia Murcia, Gonzalo Luis Alonso. Parabens as agents for improving crocetin esters' shelf-life in aqueous saffron extracts. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2009 Mar; 14(3):1160-70. doi: 10.3390/molecules14031160. [PMID: 19325516]
  • Xiang-Chun Shen, Zhi-Yu Qian, Ya-Juan Wang, Jin-Ao Duan. Crocetin attenuates norepinephrine-induced cytotoxicity in primary cultured rat cardiac myocytes by antioxidant in vitro. Journal of Asian natural products research. 2009; 11(5):417-25. doi: 10.1080/10286020902858838. [PMID: 19504384]
  • Preetha Anand, Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara, Ajaikumar B Kunnumakara, Chitra Sundaram, Kuzhuvelil B Harikumar, Sheeja T Tharakan, Oiki S Lai, Bokyung Sung, Bharat B Aggarwal. Cancer is a preventable disease that requires major lifestyle changes. Pharmaceutical research. 2008 Sep; 25(9):2097-116. doi: 10.1007/s11095-008-9661-9. [PMID: 18626751]
  • Magesh Venkatraman, Durgabhavani Konga, Rajendran Peramaiyan, Ekambaram Ganapathy, Sakthisekaran Dhanapal. Reduction of mitochondrial oxidative damage and improved mitochondrial efficiency by administration of crocetin against benzo[a]pyrene induced experimental animals. Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin. 2008 Sep; 31(9):1639-45. doi: 10.1248/bpb.31.1639. [PMID: 18758052]
  • Ana M Sánchez, Manuel Carmona, Marin Prodanov, Gonzalo L Alonso. Effect of centrifugal ultrafiltration on the composition of aqueous extracts of saffron spice (Crocus sativus L.). Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2008 Aug; 56(16):7293-301. doi: 10.1021/jf801105x. [PMID: 18620411]
  • L Sheng, Z Qian, Y Shi, L Yang, L Xi, B Zhao, X Xu, H Ji. Crocetin improves the insulin resistance induced by high-fat diet in rats. British journal of pharmacology. 2008 Jul; 154(5):1016-24. doi: 10.1038/bjp.2008.160. [PMID: 18469847]
  • Young-Suk Kim, Jung-Jin Kim, Ki-Ho Cho, Woo-Sang Jung, Sang-Kwan Moon, Eun-Kyung Park, Dong-Hyun Kim. Biotransformation of ginsenoside Rb1, crocin, amygdalin, geniposide, puerarin, ginsenoside Re, hesperidin, poncirin, glycyrrhizin, and baicalin by human fecal microflora and its relation to cytotoxicity against tumor cells. Journal of microbiology and biotechnology. 2008 Jun; 18(6):1109-14. doi: . [PMID: 18600055]
  • Matthias Lechtenberg, Dirk Schepmann, Michael Niehues, Nils Hellenbrand, Bernhard Wünsch, Andreas Hensel. Quality and functionality of saffron: quality control, species assortment and affinity of extract and isolated saffron compounds to NMDA and sigma1 (sigma-1) receptors. Planta medica. 2008 Jun; 74(7):764-72. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1074535. [PMID: 18496783]
  • Yoshinori Uekusa, Naoki Sugimoto, Kyoko Sato, Young Sook Yun, Akira Kunugi, Takeshi Yamazaki, Ken-ichi Tanamoto. Neocrocin A: a novel crocetin glycoside with a unique system for binding sugars isolated from gardenia yellow. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin. 2007 Nov; 55(11):1643-6. doi: 10.1248/cpb.55.1643. [PMID: 17978528]
  • Min Zhang, Ping Hu, Qionglin Liang, Huihua Yang, Qingfei Liu, Yiming Wang, Guoan Luo. Direct process integration of extraction and expanded bed adsorption in the recovery of crocetin derivatives from Fructus Gardenia. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2007 Oct; 858(1-2):220-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.08.041. [PMID: 17890164]
  • Nunzio D'Agostino, Daniele Pizzichini, Maria Luisa Chiusano, Giovanni Giuliano. An EST database from saffron stigmas. BMC plant biology. 2007 Oct; 7(?):53. doi: 10.1186/1471-2229-7-53. [PMID: 17925031]
  • Liang Xi, Zhiyu Qian, Peng Du, Jian Fu. Pharmacokinetic properties of crocin (crocetin digentiobiose ester) following oral administration in rats. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology. 2007 Sep; 14(9):633-6. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2006.11.028. [PMID: 17215113]
  • Brijesh Rathore, Abbas Ali Mahdi, Bhola Nath Paul, Prabhu Narayan Saxena, Siddharth Kumar Das. Indian herbal medicines: possible potent therapeutic agents for rheumatoid arthritis. Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition. 2007 Jul; 41(1):12-7. doi: 10.3164/jcbn.2007002. [PMID: 18392103]
  • Hong Chen, Yong-qing Xiao, Li Li, Cun Zhang. [Studies on chemical constituents in fruit of Gardenia jasminoides]. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica. 2007 Jun; 32(11):1041-3. doi: . [PMID: 17672338]
  • Takashi Ochiai, Hiroshi Shimeno, Ken-Ichi Mishima, Katsunori Iwasaki, Michihiro Fujiwara, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Yukihiro Shoyama, Akihisa Toda, Reiko Eyanagi, Shinji Soeda. Protective effects of carotenoids from saffron on neuronal injury in vitro and in vivo. Biochimica et biophysica acta. 2007 Apr; 1770(4):578-84. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2006.11.012. [PMID: 17215084]
  • Charalabos D Kanakis, Petros A Tarantilis, Heidar Ali Tajmir-Riahi, Moschos G Polissiou. Crocetin, dimethylcrocetin, and safranal bind human serum albumin: stability and antioxidative properties. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2007 Feb; 55(3):970-7. doi: 10.1021/jf062638l. [PMID: 17263501]
  • Shu-Ying He, Zhi-Yu Qian, Na Wen, Fu-Tian Tang, Guang-Lin Xu, Cheng-Hua Zhou. Influence of Crocetin on experimental atherosclerosis in hyperlipidamic-diet quails. European journal of pharmacology. 2007 Jan; 554(2-3):191-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.09.071. [PMID: 17109848]
  • Dimitra G Chryssanthi, Fotini N Lamari, Gregoris Iatrou, Adamantia Pylara, Nikos K Karamanos, Paul Cordopatis. Inhibition of breast cancer cell proliferation by style constituents of different Crocus species. Anticancer research. 2007 Jan; 27(1A):357-62. doi: . [PMID: 17352254]
  • Charalabos D Kanakis, Petros A Tarantilis, Heidar-Ali Tajmir-Riahi, Moschos G Polissiou. DNA interaction with saffron's secondary metabolites safranal, crocetin, and dimethylcrocetin. DNA and cell biology. 2007 Jan; 26(1):63-70. doi: 10.1089/dna.2006.0529. [PMID: 17263598]
  • Magdalini A Papandreou, Charalambos D Kanakis, Moschos G Polissiou, Spyros Efthimiopoulos, Paul Cordopatis, Marigoula Margarity, Fotini N Lamari. Inhibitory activity on amyloid-beta aggregation and antioxidant properties of Crocus sativus stigmas extract and its crocin constituents. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2006 Nov; 54(23):8762-8. doi: 10.1021/jf061932a. [PMID: 17090119]
  • Venkatraman Magesh, Jayapal Prince Vijaya Singh, Karupaya Selvendiran, Ganapathy Ekambaram, Dhanapal Sakthisekaran. Antitumour activity of crocetin in accordance to tumor incidence, antioxidant status, drug metabolizing enzymes and histopathological studies. Molecular and cellular biochemistry. 2006 Jul; 287(1-2):127-35. doi: 10.1007/s11010-005-9088-0. [PMID: 16685462]
  • Xiang-Chun Shen, Zhi-Yu Qian. Effects of crocetin on antioxidant enzymatic activities in cardiac hypertrophy induced by norepinephrine in rats. Die Pharmazie. 2006 Apr; 61(4):348-52. doi: ". [PMID: 16649553]
  • Shuguo Zheng, Zhiyu Qian, Liang Sheng, Na Wen. Crocetin attenuates atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic rabbits through inhibition of LDL oxidation. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology. 2006 Jan; 47(1):70-6. doi: 10.1097/01.fjc.0000194686.11712.02. [PMID: 16424788]
  • In-Ah Lee, Jin Hee Lee, Nam-In Baek, Dong-Hyun Kim. Antihyperlipidemic effect of crocin isolated from the fructus of Gardenia jasminoides and its metabolite Crocetin. Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin. 2005 Nov; 28(11):2106-10. doi: 10.1248/bpb.28.2106. [PMID: 16272698]
  • Shuguo Zheng, Zhiyu Qian, Futian Tang, Liang Sheng. Suppression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression by crocetin contributes to attenuation of atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Biochemical pharmacology. 2005 Oct; 70(8):1192-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2005.07.034. [PMID: 16154540]
  • Liang Xi, Zhiyu Qian, Xiangchun Shen, Na Wen, Yabing Zhang. Crocetin prevents dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance in rats. Planta medica. 2005 Oct; 71(10):917-22. doi: 10.1055/s-2005-871248. [PMID: 16254822]
  • Akira Asai, Takahisa Nakano, Masahiro Takahashi, Akihiko Nagao. Orally administered crocetin and crocins are absorbed into blood plasma as crocetin and its glucuronide conjugates in mice. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2005 Sep; 53(18):7302-6. doi: 10.1021/jf0509355. [PMID: 16131146]
  • J L Gainer, A K Stennett, R J Murray. The effect of trans sodium crocetinate (TSC) in a rat oleic acid model of acute lung injury. Pulmonary pharmacology & therapeutics. 2005; 18(3):213-6. doi: 10.1016/j.pupt.2004.12.004. [PMID: 15707856]
  • O J Kemi, O Ellingsen. Trans-sodium crocetinate does not affect oxygen uptake in rats during treadmill running. Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation. 2005; 65(7):577-84. doi: 10.1080/00291950500228121. [PMID: 16271989]
  • Angela Rubio Moraga, Pedro Fernández Nohales, José Antonio Fernández Pérez, Lourdes Gómez-Gómez. Glucosylation of the saffron apocarotenoid crocetin by a glucosyltransferase isolated from Crocus sativus stigmas. Planta. 2004 Oct; 219(6):955-66. doi: 10.1007/s00425-004-1299-1. [PMID: 15605174]
  • Mario Giaccio. Crocetin from saffron: an active component of an ancient spice. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition. 2004; 44(3):155-72. doi: 10.1080/10408690490441433. [PMID: 15239370]
  • Yan Xu, Jin Cao, Yi-ming Wang, Guo-an Luo. [Simultaneous determination of 3 kinds of components in Gardenia by high-performance liquid chromatography under different UV-vis wave length]. Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. 2003 Jul; 38(7):543-6. doi: . [PMID: 14515803]
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  • Yasunori Nagaki, Seiji Hayasaka, Xue-Yun Zhang, Yoriko Hayasaka, Nobuo Nakamura, Katsutoshi Terasawa. Effects of topical instillation of traditional herbal medicines, herbal extracts, and their components on prostaglandin E2-induced aqueous flare elevation in pigmented rabbits. Japanese journal of ophthalmology. 2003 May; 47(3):249-53. doi: 10.1016/s0021-5155(03)00002-9. [PMID: 12782159]
  • Thomas J Morgan, Balasubramanian Venkatesh, Agnieszka Crerar-Gilbert, Desley Willgoss, Zoltan H Endre. Sodium crocetinate does not alter gut hypercapnic responses or renal energy stores during transient sub-diaphragmatic ischaemia. Intensive care medicine. 2003 Apr; 29(4):652-4. doi: 10.1007/s00134-003-1641-2. [PMID: 12577154]
  • Lisa J Giassi, A Kennon Poynter, John L Gainer. Trans sodium crocetinate for hemorrhagic shock: effect of time delay in initiating therapy. Shock (Augusta, Ga.). 2002 Dec; 18(6):585-8. doi: 10.1097/00024382-200212000-00017. [PMID: 12462570]
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  • Tong-zheng Liu, Zhi-yu Qian. [Pharmacokinetics of crocetin in rats]. Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. 2002 May; 37(5):367-9. doi: NULL. [PMID: 12579843]
  • Hossein Hosseinzadeh, Hani M Younesi. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Crocus sativus L. stigma and petal extracts in mice. BMC pharmacology. 2002 Mar; 2(?):7. doi: 10.1186/1471-2210-2-7. [PMID: 11914135]
  • L J Giassi, M J Gilchrist, M C Graham, J L Gainer. Trans-sodium crocetinate restores blood pressure, heart rate, and plasma lactate after hemorrhagic shock. The Journal of trauma. 2001 Nov; 51(5):932-8. doi: 10.1097/00005373-200111000-00018. [PMID: 11706343]
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