Classification Term: 2143
Alpha amino acids and derivatives (ontology term: CHEMONTID:0000060)
Amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon), or a derivative thereof." []
found 214 associated metabolites at family metabolite taxonomy ontology rank level.
Ancestor: Amino acids and derivatives
Child Taxonomies: Alpha amino acid esters, N-acyl-alpha amino acids and derivatives, N-carbamoyl-alpha amino acids and derivatives, N-amidino-alpha amino acids, Alpha amino acid amides, Alpha amino acids, N-formyl-alpha amino acids and derivatives, Glyco-alpha-amino acids, N-hydroxyl-alpha-amino acids, Methionine and derivatives, Valine and derivatives, Histidine and derivatives, Asparagine and derivatives, Cysteine and derivatives, Alanine and derivatives, Glutamine and derivatives, Serine and derivatives, Aspartic acid and derivatives, Glycine and derivatives, Tyrosine and derivatives, Arginine and derivatives, Phenylalanine and derivatives, Proline and derivatives, Glutamic acid and derivatives, Leucine and derivatives, Isoleucine and derivatives
Creatinine
Creatinine or creatine anhydride, is a breakdown product of creatine phosphate in muscle. The loss of water molecule from creatine results in the formation of creatinine. Creatinine is transferred to the kidneys by blood plasma, whereupon it is eliminated from the body by glomerular filtration and partial tubular excretion. Creatinine is usually produced at a fairly constant rate by the body. Measuring serum creatinine is a simple test and it is the most commonly used indicator of renal function. A rise in blood creatinine levels is observed only with marked damage to functioning nephrons; therefore this test is not suitable for detecting early kidney disease. The typical reference range for women is considered about 45-90 umol/l, for men 60-110 umol/l. Creatine and creatinine are metabolized in the kidneys, muscle, liver and pancreas. [HMDB]. Creatinine is a biomarker for the consumption of meat. Creatinine is found in many foods, some of which are canada blueberry, other bread, french plantain, and grape. Creatinine, or creatine anhydride, is a breakdown product of creatine phosphate in muscle. The loss of a water molecule from creatine results in the formation of creatinine. Creatinine is transferred to the kidneys by blood plasma, whereupon it is eliminated from the body by glomerular filtration and partial tubular excretion. Creatinine is usually produced at a fairly constant rate by the body. Measuring serum creatinine is a simple test and it is the most commonly used indicator of renal function. A rise in blood creatinine levels is observed only with marked damage to functioning nephrons. Therefore, this test is not suitable for detecting early kidney disease. The typical reference range for women is considered about 45-90 µmol/L; for men 60-110 µmol/L. Creatine and creatinine are metabolized in the kidneys, muscle, liver, and pancreas. Creatinine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=60-27-5 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 60-27-5). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Creatinine (NSC13123) is a breakdown product of creatine phosphate in muscles. Creatinine (NSC13123) is a breakdown product of creatine phosphate in muscles.
Creatine
Creatine, is a naturally occurring non-protein compound. It belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids and derivatives. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon), or a derivative thereof. Creatine is found in all vertebrates where it facilitates recycling of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Its primary metabolic role is to combine with a phosphoryl group, via the enzyme creatine kinase, to generate phosphocreatine, which is used to regenerate ATP. Most of the human bodys total creatine and phosphocreatine stores are found in skeletal muscle (95\\\\\%), while the remainder is distributed in the blood, brain, testes, and other tissues. Creatine is not an essential nutrient as it is naturally produced in the human body from the amino acids glycine and arginine, with an additional requirement for methionine to catalyze the transformation of guanidinoacetate to creatine. In the first step of its biosynthesis glycine and arginine are combined by the enzyme arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT) to form guanidinoacetate, which is then methylated by guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase (GAMT), using S-adenosyl methionine as the methyl donor. Creatine can also be obtained through the diet at a rate of about 1 gram per day from an omnivorous diet. A cyclic form of creatine, called creatinine, exists in equilibrium with its tautomer and with creatine. Clinically, there are three distinct disorders of creatine metabolism. Deficiencies in the two synthesis enzymes (AGAT and GAMT) can cause L-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase deficiency (caused by variants in AGAT) and guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency (caused by variants in GAMT). Both disorders are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. A third defect, creatine transporter defect, is caused by mutations in SLC6A8 and inherited in a X-linked manner. Creatine is widely used as a supplement by athletes. Its use can increase maximum power and performance in high-intensity anaerobic repetitive work (periods of work and rest) by 5 to 15\\\\\% (PMID: 24688272). Creatine has no significant effect on aerobic endurance, although it will increase power during short sessions of high-intensity aerobic exercise (PMID: 9662683). [Spectral] Creatine (exact mass = 131.06948) and L-Aspartate (exact mass = 133.03751) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. [Spectral] Creatine (exact mass = 131.06948) and L-Cysteine (exact mass = 121.01975) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. Creatine is a essential, non-proteinaceous amino acid found in all animals and in some plants. Creatine is synthesized in the kidney, liver and pancreas from L-arginine, glycine and L-methionine. Creatine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=57-00-1 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 57-00-1). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Creatine, an endogenous amino acid derivative, plays an important role in cellular energy, especially in muscle and brain. Creatine, an endogenous amino acid derivative, plays an important role in cellular energy, especially in muscle and brain.
Dihydroorotic acid
4,5-Dihydroorotic acid, also known as dihydroorotate or hydroorotate is a pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that results from the base-catalysed cyclisation of N-alpha-carbethoxyasparagine. It is classified as a secondary amide, a monocarboxylic acid, a pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid and a N-acylurea. 4,5-Dihydroorotic acid is a derivative of orotic acid which serves as an intermediate in pyrimidine biosynthesis. 4,5-Dihydroorotic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. 4,5-Dihydroorotic acid is synthesized by the enzyme known as Dihydroorotase (EC 3.5.2.3) which converts carbamoyl aspartic acid into 4,5-dihydroorotic acid as part of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway (PMID: 13163076). 4,5-Dihydroorotic acid is also a substrate for the enzyme known as dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). In mammalian species, DHODH catalyzes the fourth step in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway, which involves the ubiquinone-mediated oxidation of dihydroorotate to orotate and the reduction of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) to dihydroflavin mononucleotide (FMNH2). Inhibition of DHODH activity with teriflunomide (an immunomodulatory drug) or expression with RNA interference results in reduced ROS generation and consequent apoptosis of transformed skin and prostate epithelial cells. Mutations in the DHOD gene have been shown to cause Miller syndrome, also known as Genee-Wiedemann syndrome, Wildervanck-Smith syndrome or post-axial acrofacial dystosis (PMID: 19915526). 4,5-Dihydroorotic acid is a substrate of the enzyme orotate reductase [EC 1.3.1.14], which is part of the pyrimidine metabolism pathway. (KEGG) Dihydroorotate is oxidized by Dihydroorotate dehydrogenases (DHODs) to orotate. These dehydrogenases use their FMN (flavin mononucleotide) prosthetic group to abstract a hydride equivalent from C6 to deprotonate C5 [HMDB] L-Dihydroorotic acid can reversibly hydrolyze to yield the acyclic L-ureidosuccinic acid by dihydrowhey enzyme[1].
Guanidinoacetate
Guanidoacetic acid (GAA), also known as guanidinoacetate or glycocyamine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids and derivatives. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon), or a derivative thereof. Guanidinoacetic acid was first prepared in 1861 by Adolph Strecker by reaction of cyanamide with glycine in aqueous solution. Manufactured guanidinoacetic acid is primarily used a feed additive approved by EFSA in poultry farming (for fattening), and pigs for fattening. Guanidoacetic acid exists naturally in all vertebrates. It is formed primarily in the kidneys by transferring the guanidine group of L-arginine to the amino acid glycine via the enzyme known as L-Arg:Gly-amidinotransferase (AGAT). In a further step, guanidinoacetate is methylated to generate creatine using S-adenosyl methionine (as the methyl donor) via the enzyme known as guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase (GAMT). The resulting creatine is released into the bloodstream. Elevated levels of guanidoacetic acid are a characteristic of an inborn metabolic disorder known as Guanidinoacetate Methyltransferase (GAMT) Deficiency. GAMT converts guanidinoacetate to creatine and deficiency of this enzyme results in creatine depletion and accumulation of guanidinoacetate The disorder is transmitted in an autosomal recessive fashion and is localized to mutations on chromosome 19p13.3. GAMT deficiency is characterized by developmental arrest, medication-resistant epilepsy (myoclonic, generalized tonic-clonic, partial complex, atonic), severe speech impairment, progressive dystonia, dyskinesias, hypotonia, ataxia, and autistic-like behavior. Guanidino acetic acid, also known as guanidinoacetate or glycocyamine, belongs to alpha amino acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon), or a derivative thereof. Guanidino acetic acid is slightly soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Guanidino acetic acid can be found in apple and loquat, which makes guanidino acetic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Guanidino acetic acid can be found primarily in most biofluids, including cellular cytoplasm, feces, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), as well as in human brain, kidney and liver tissues. In humans, guanidino acetic acid is involved in a couple of metabolic pathways, which include arginine and proline metabolism and glycine and serine metabolism. Guanidino acetic acid is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency (DHPD), hyperprolinemia type II, prolinemia type II, and hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria [hhh-syndrome]. Moreover, guanidino acetic acid is found to be associated with chronic renal failure and schizophrenia. Guanidino acetic acid is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Chronic Exposure: Kidney dialysis is usually needed to relieve the symptoms of uremic syndrome until normal kidney function can be restored. D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D000345 - Affinity Labels Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST.
Levetiracetam
Levetiracetam is an anticonvulsant medication used to treat epilepsy. Levetiracetam may selectively prevent hypersynchronization of epileptiform burst firing and propagation of seizure activity. Levetiracetam binds to the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, which is thought to be involved in the regulation of vesicle exocytosis. Although the molecular significance of levetiracetam binding to synaptic vesicle protein SV2A is not understood, levetiracetam and related analogs showed a rank order of affinity for SV2A which correlated with the potency of their antiseizure activity in audiogenic seizure-prone mice. C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C264 - Anticonvulsant Agent D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018697 - Nootropic Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000927 - Anticonvulsants N - Nervous system > N03 - Antiepileptics > N03A - Antiepileptics C26170 - Protective Agent > C1509 - Neuroprotective Agent CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 2564
Imazamox
2-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-(methoxymethyl)nicotinic acid is a pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is nicotinic acid which is substituted substituted at position 5 by a methoxymethyl group and at position 2 by a 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group, that in turn is substituted by isopropyl, methyl, and oxo groups at positions 4, 4, and 5, respectively. It is a pyridinemonocarboxylic acid, an ether, an imidazolone and a member of imidazolines. Imazamox is a member of the imidazolinone class of herbicides. It is registered for post-emergence control of broadleaf weeds and grass in alfalfa, edible legumes and soybeans. It is a systemic herbicide that moves throughout the plant tissue and prevents plants from producing an essential enzyme, acetolactate synthase (ALS), which is not found in animals. This enzyme is key for the biosynthesis of branched chain amino acids. Susceptible plants will stop growing soon after treatment, but plant death and decomposition will occur over several weeks.
Pyroglutamic acid
Pyroglutamic acid (5-oxoproline) is a cyclized derivative of L-glutamic acid. It is an uncommon amino acid derivative in which the free amino group of glutamic acid cyclizes to form a lactam. It is formed nonenzymatically from glutamate, glutamine, and gamma-glutamylated peptides, but it can also be produced by the action of gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase on an L-amino acid. Elevated blood levels may be associated with problems of glutamine or glutathione metabolism. This compound is found in substantial amounts in brain tissue and other tissues in bound form, especially skin. It is also present in plant tissues. It is sold, over the counter, as a "smart drug" for improving blood circulation in the brain. Pyroglutamate in the urine is a biomarker for the consumption of cheese. When present in sufficiently high levels, pyroglutamic acid can act as an acidogen and a metabotoxin. An acidogen is an acidic compound that induces acidosis, which has multiple adverse effects on many organ systems. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of pyroglutamic acid are associated with at least five inborn errors of metabolism including 5-oxoprolinuria, 5-oxoprolinase deficiency, glutathione synthetase deficiency, hawkinsinuria, and propionic acidemia. Pyroglutamic acid is an organic acid. Abnormally high levels of organic acids in the blood (organic acidemia), urine (organic aciduria), the brain, and other tissues lead to general metabolic acidosis. Acidosis typically occurs when arterial pH falls below 7.35. In infants with acidosis, the initial symptoms include poor feeding, vomiting, loss of appetite, weak muscle tone (hypotonia), and lack of energy (lethargy). These can progress to heart, liver, and kidney abnormalities, seizures, coma, and possibly death. These are also the characteristic symptoms of the untreated IEMs mentioned above. Many affected children with organic acidemias experience intellectual disability or delayed development. In adults, acidosis or acidemia is characterized by headaches, confusion, feeling tired, tremors, sleepiness, and seizures. It has been shown that pyroglutamic acid releases GABA from the cerebral cortex and displays anti-anxiety effects in a simple approach-avoidance conflict situation in the rat. In clinical pharmacology experiments, pyroglutamic acid significantly shortens the plasma half-life of ethanol during acute intoxication. Found in vegetables, fruits and molasses. A cyclized derivative of L-glutamic acid. It is an uncommon amino acid derivative in which the free amino group of glutamic acid cyclizes to form a lactam. Pyroglutamate in the urine is a biomarker for the consumption of cheese C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29703 - Antilipidemic Agent
Remifentanil
Remifentanil (marketed by Abbott as Ultiva) is a potent ultra short-acting synthetic opioid analgesic drug. It is given to patients during surgery to relieve pain and as an adjunct to an anaesthetic. Remifentanil is a specific mu-type-opioid receptor agonist. Hence, it causes a reduction in sympathetic nervous system tone, respiratory depression and analgesia. D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics N - Nervous system > N01 - Anesthetics > N01A - Anesthetics, general > N01AH - Opioid anesthetics D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C67413 - Opioid Receptor Agonist D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics
Glyphosate
D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D014475 - Uncoupling Agents D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals Glyphosate. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=1071-83-6 (retrieved 2024-09-27) (CAS RN: 1071-83-6). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Imazapyr
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2630 D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals
Phosphocreatine
Phosphocreatine, also known as creatine phosphate (CP) or PCr (Pcr), is a phosphorylated creatine molecule that serves as a rapidly mobilizable reserve of high-energy phosphates in skeletal muscle, myocardium and the brain to recycle adenosine triphosphate, the energy currency of the cell. Phosphocreatine undergoes irreversible cyclization and dehydration to form creatinine at a fractional rate of 0.026 per day, thus forming approximately 2 g creatinine/day in an adult male. This is the amount of creatine that must be provided either from dietary sources or by endogenous synthesis to maintain the body pool of (creatine and) phosphocreatine. Creatine is an amino acid that plays a vital role as phosphocreatine in regenerating adenosine triphosphate in skeletal muscle to energize muscle contraction. Creatine is phosphorylated to phosphocreatine in muscle in a reaction that is catalyzed by the enzyme creatine kinase. This enzyme is in highest concentration in muscle and nerve. Oral administration increases muscle stores. During the past decade, creatine has assumed prominence as an ergogenic (and legal) aid for professional and elite athletes. Most (~ 95\\%) of the total body creatine-phosphocreatine pool is in muscle (more in skeletal muscle than in smooth muscle) and amounts to 120 g (or 925 mmol) in a 70 kg adult male. Approximately 60-67\\% of the content in resting muscle is in the phosphorylated form. This generates enough ATP at the myofibrillar apparatus to power about 4 seconds of muscle contraction in exercise. Phosphocreatine reacts with ADP to yield ATP and creatine; the reversible reaction is catalyzed by creatine kinase. phosphocreatine is the chief store of high-energy phosphates in muscle. Thus, this reaction, which permits the rephosphorylation of ADP to ATP, is the immediate source of energy in muscle contraction. During rest, metabolic processes regenerate phosphocreatine stores. In normal muscle, ATP that is broken down to ADP is immediately rephosphorylated to ATP. Thus, phosphocreatine serves as a reservoir of ATP-synthesizing potential. phosphocreatine is the only fuel available to precipitously regenerate ATP during episodes of rapid fluctuations in demand. The availability of phosphocreatine likely limits muscle performance during brief, high-power exercise, i.e., maximal exercise of short duration. With near maximal isometric contraction, the rate of utilization of phosphocreatine declines after 1-2 seconds of contraction, prior to the glycolysis peak at approximately 3 seconds (PMID:10079702). Phosphocreatine undergoes irreversible cyclization and dehydration to form creatinine at a fractional rate of 0.026 per day, thus forming approximately 2 g creatinine/day in an adult male. This is the amount of creatine that must be provided either from dietary sources or by endogenous synthesis to maintain the body pool of (creatine and) phosphocreatine. Creatine is an amino acid that plays a vital role as phosphocreatine in regenerating adenosine triphosphate in skeletal muscle to energize muscle contraction. Creatine is phosphorylated to phosphocreatine in muscle in a reaction that is catalyzed by the enzyme creatine kinase. This enzyme is in highest concentration in muscle and nerve. Oral administration increases muscle stores. During the past decade, creatine has assumed prominence as an ergogenic (and legal) aid for professional and elite athletes. Most (~ 95\\%) of the total body creatine-phosphocreatine pool is in muscle (more in skeletal muscle than in smooth muscle) and amounts to 120 g (or 925 mmol) in a 70 kg adult male. Approximately 60-67\\% of the content in resting muscle is in the phosphorylated form. This generates enough ATP at the myofibrillar apparatus to power about 4 seconds of muscle contraction in exercise. Phosphocreatine reacts with ADP to yield ATP and creatine; the reversible reaction is catalyzed by creatine kinase. phosphocreatine is the chief store of high-energy phosphates in muscle. Thus, this reaction, which permits the rephosphorylation of ADP to ATP, is the immediate source of energy in muscle contraction. During rest, metabolic processes regenerate phosphocreatine stores. In normal muscle, ATP that is broken down to ADP is immediately rephosphorylated to ATP. Thus, phosphocreatine serves as a reservoir of ATP-synthesizing potential. phosphocreatine is the only fuel available to precipitously regenerate ATP during episodes of rapid fluctuations in demand. The availability of phosphocreatine likely limits muscle performance during brief, high-power exercise, i.e., maximal exercise of short duration. With near maximal isometric contraction, the rate of utilization of phosphocreatine declines after 1-2 seconds of contraction, prior to the glycolysis peak at approximately 3 seconds. (PMID: 10079702, Nutr Rev. 1999 Feb;57(2):45-50.) [HMDB] D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents KEIO_ID P084; [MS2] KO009218 KEIO_ID P084
Imazethapyr
Imazethapyr is a widely used imidazolinone herbicide worldwide, and its potential adverse effects on non-target plants have raised concerns. Understanding the mechanisms of imazethapyr phytotoxicity is crucial for its agro-ecological risk assessment.
Amdinocillin
Amdinocillin is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an amidinopenicillanic acid derivative with broad spectrum antibacterial action. It is poorly absorbed if given orally and is used in urinary infections and typhus. [PubChem]Amdinocillin is a stong and specific antagonist of Penicillin Binding Protein-2 (PBP 2). It is active against gram negative bacteria, preventing cell wall synthesis by inhibiting the activity of PBP2. PBP2 is a peptidoglycan elongation initiating enzyme. Peptidoglycan is a polymer of sugars and amino acids that is the main component of bacterial cell walls. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01C - Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins > J01CA - Penicillins with extended spectrum D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D010406 - Penicillins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic
2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid
2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid (CAS: 3038-89-9), also known as 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropiperidine-2-carboxylate and 1-piperideine-6-carboxylic acid, is a cyclic intermediate in lysine degradation. L-Lysine is an essential amino acid that is a necessary building block for all protein in the body and It plays a major role in calcium absorption; building muscle protein; recovering from surgery or sports injuries; and the bodys production of hormones, enzymes, and antibodies. In the lysine degradation pathway, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid is a substrate for L-aminoadipate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (amaA) and can be formed by the spontaneous cyclization of 2-aminoadipate-6-semialdehyde. 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid is also an intermediate in glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism. It is a substrate for peroxisomal sarcosine oxidase. KEIO_ID I015
Cyclo(Leu-Phe)
Cyclo(leu-phe), also known as cyclo(Phe-leu) or cFL, is classified as an alpha amino acid or an Alpha amino acid derivative. Alpha amino acids are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon), or a derivative thereof. Cyclo(leu-phe) is considered to be a practically insoluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound. Cyclo(leu-phe) can be found in feces.
1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid
1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid (CAS: 2906-39-0) is an enamine or an imino acid that forms upon the spontaneous dehydration of L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde in aqueous solutions. The stereoisomer (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate is an intermediate in glutamate metabolism, arginine degradation, and proline biosynthesis and degradation. It can also be converted into or be formed from three amino acids: L-glutamate, L-ornithine, and L-proline. In particular, it is synthesized via the oxidation of proline by pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) (EC 1.5.1.2) or by proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) (EC 1.5.99.8). It is hydrolyzed into L-glutamate by delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (ALDH4A1) (EC 1.5.1.12). It is also one of the few metabolites that can act as a precursor to other metabolites of both the urea cycle and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Under certain conditions, pyrroline-5-carboxylate can act as a neurotoxin and a metabotoxin. A neurotoxin causes damage to nerve cells and nerve tissues. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of pyrroline-5-carboxylate are associated with at least five inborn errors of metabolism, including hyperprolinemia type I, hyperprolinemia type II, iminoglycinuria, prolinemia type II, and pyruvate carboxylase deficiency. Hyperprolinemia type II results in high levels of pyrroline-5-carboxylate. People with hyperprolinemia type II have signs and symptoms that vary in severity, but they are more likely than type I to have seizures or intellectual disability. Pyrroline-5-carboxylate is highly reactive and excess quantities have been shown to cause cell death and apoptosis (PMID: 15548746). (s)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate, also known as delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate, (+-)-isomer, belongs to alpha amino acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon), or a derivative thereof (s)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate is soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). (s)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate can be found in a number of food items such as beech nut, mango, oyster mushroom, and other bread, which makes (s)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products (s)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate may be a unique E.coli metabolite.
4-Aminoisoxazolidin-3-one
4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one is a member of the class of oxazolidines that is isoxazoldin-3-one which is substituted at position 4 by an amino group. It is a serine derivative, a member of oxazolidines, a primary amino compound and a hydroxamic acid ester.
N-Carbamoylsarcosine
N-Carbamoylsarcosine is an intermediate in arginine and proline metabolism. It is also involved in a metabolic pathway for the degradation of creatinine. In this pathway, creatinine is not hydrolyzed back to creatine. Instead, it is deaminated to N-methylhydantoin, releasing an amonia molecule, by the action of creatinine deaminase (also known as creatinine iminohydrolase). N-methylhydantoin is then hydrolyzed to N-carbamoylsarcosine, by the action of N-methylhydantoin amidohydrolase, at the expense of one ATP molecule. N-carbamoylsarcosine is deaminated further to sarcosine by N-carbamoylsarcosine amidohydrolase, releasing a second ammonia molecule. In the last step of this pathway, sarcosine is hydrolyzed to glycine and formaldehyde, by either sarcosine dehydrogenase or sarcosine oxidase. [HMDB] N-Carbamoylsarcosine is an intermediate in arginine and proline metabolism. It is also involved in a metabolic pathway for the degradation of creatinine. In this pathway, creatinine is not hydrolyzed back to creatine. Instead, it is deaminated to N-methylhydantoin, releasing an amonia molecule, by the action of creatinine deaminase (also known as creatinine iminohydrolase). N-methylhydantoin is then hydrolyzed to N-carbamoylsarcosine, by the action of N-methylhydantoin amidohydrolase, at the expense of one ATP molecule. N-carbamoylsarcosine is deaminated further to sarcosine by N-carbamoylsarcosine amidohydrolase, releasing a second ammonia molecule. In the last step of this pathway, sarcosine is hydrolyzed to glycine and formaldehyde, by either sarcosine dehydrogenase or sarcosine oxidase.
Phosphoguanidinoacetate
Phosphoguanidinoacetate is formed due to phosphorylation of urinary guanidinoacetic acid in the presence of ATP by guanidinoacetate kinase. (PMID: 1667626) [HMDB] Phosphoguanidinoacetate is formed due to phosphorylation of urinary guanidinoacetic acid in the presence of ATP by guanidinoacetate kinase. (PMID: 1667626).
L-2,3-Dihydrodipicolinate
L-2,3-Dihydrodipicolinate is involved in the lysine biosynthesis I pathway. L-2,3-Dihydrodipicolinate is produced from a reaction between pyruvate and L-aspartate-semialdehyde, with water as a byproduct. The reaction is catalyzed by dihydrodipicolinate synthase. L-2,3-dihydrodipicolinate reacts with NAD(P)H and H+ to produce tetrahydrodipicolinate and NAD(P)+. The reaction is catalyzed by dihydrodipicolinate reductase. L-2,3-Dihydrodipicolinate is involved in the lysine biosynthesis I pathway. L-2,3-Dihydrodipicolinate is produced from a reaction between pyruvate and L-aspartate-semialdehyde, with water as a byproduct. The reaction is catalyzed by dihydrodipicolinate synthase.
Tetrahydrodipicolinate
Tetrahydrodipicolinate (CAS: 2353-17-5), converted from L-aspartate, is an important intermediate in the lysine biosynthesis pathway. Several pathways are now recognized in bacteria, most algae, fungi, and higher plants for the biosynthesis of lysine. They are divided into two groups: (1) the diaminopimelate (DAP) pathways, and (2) the alpha-aminoadipate (AAA) pathways. In the pathways that belong to the DAP group, lysine is produced from aspartate (along with methionine, threonine, and isoleucine). All of these pathways share the upper segments, which include the four steps required for the conversion of L-aspartate into tetrahydrodipicolinate. They also share the last step, which is the conversion of the intermediate meso-diaminopimelate (D,L-DAP, or meso-DAP) into lysine. However, these pathways differ in the routes leading from tetrahydrodipicolinate to meso-diaminopimelate. The four variations include: (I) the succinylase variant, which involves succinylated intermediates, where tetrahydrodipicolinate is converted into meso-diaminopimelate in four enzymatic steps; (II) the acetylase variant, which involves acetylated intermediates, where tetrahydrodipicolinate is converted into meso-diaminopimelate in four enzymatic steps; (III) the dehydrogenase variant, in which tetrahydrodipicolinate is converted into meso-diaminopimelate in a single enzymatic step; and (IV) the diaminopimelate-aminotransferase variant, in which tetrahydrodipicolinate is converted into meso-diaminopimelate in two steps. In addition to lysine, the pathways in this group also produce meso-DAP, which is an important metabolite on its own.
Pyrroline hydroxycarboxylic acid
Pyrroline hydroxycarboxylic acid is a metabolite identified in the urine of patients with type II hyperprolinemia. (OMIM 239510). The urinary excretion of Pyrroline hydroxycarboxylic acid increased in hyperprolinemic patients but not in healthy controls during oral loading of hydroxyproline and hydroxyproline-ornithine. (PMID: 533224). Hyperprolinemia type II (HP II) is a rare inherited metabolic disease due to the deficiency of pyroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase. It is generally believed to be a benign condition although some patients have neurological problems such as refractory convulsions. (PMID: 15214748). The oxidation of pyrroline-carboxylate generates glutamate and pyrroline-hydroxycarboxylate, a reaction catalyzed by hydroxyproline oxidase (PMID: 500817). Pyrroline hydroxycarboxylic acid is a metabolite identified in the urine of patients with type II hyperprolinemia. (OMIM 239510)
Imidazolone
Imidazolone is one of the major advanced glycation end (AGE) products, that accumulate in neurons in different areas of human brain tissue localized especially in human pyramidal CA4 neurons in the hippocampus in an age-dependent manner.(PubMed ID 12406185 ) [HMDB] Imidazolone is one of the major advanced glycation end (AGE) products that accumulate in neurons in different areas of human brain tissue localized especially in human pyramidal CA4 neurons in the hippocampus in an age-dependent manner (PMID: 12406185).
Clavulanate
Clavulanic acid and its salts and esters. The acid is a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes from Streptomyces clavuligerus. Administered alone, it has only weak antibacterial activity against most organisms, but given in combination with beta-lactam antibiotics prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamase. [PubChem]. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D065093 - beta-Lactamase Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002969 - Clavulanic Acids D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C2140 - Adjuvant > C183118 - Beta-lactamase Inhibitor It is used as a food additive . D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors
Tazobactam
Tazobactam is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug.It is a antibacterial penicillin derivative which inhibits the action of bacterial beta-lactamases.Tazobactam broadens the spectrum of piperacillin by making it effective against organisms that express beta-lactamase and would normally degrade piperacillin. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01C - Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins > J01CG - Beta-lactamase inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D065093 - beta-Lactamase Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D010406 - Penicillins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C2140 - Adjuvant > C183118 - Beta-lactamase Inhibitor D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors Tazobactam (CL-298741) is a potent β-lactamases inhibitor and penicillin antibiotic. Tazobactam has antibacterial activity. Tazobactam can be used for pneumonia research[1][2].
2-Oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline
5-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1h-imidazole-5-carboxylate, also known as 2-oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline, belongs to alpha amino acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon), or a derivative thereof. 5-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1h-imidazole-5-carboxylate is slightly soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). 5-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1h-imidazole-5-carboxylate can be found in soy bean, which makes 5-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1h-imidazole-5-carboxylate a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. 5-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1h-imidazole-5-carboxylate exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. 2-Oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline (CAS: 255828-59-2), also known as OHCU, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids and derivatives. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon), or a derivative thereof. Outside of the human body, 2-oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline has been detected, but not quantified, in soybeans. This could make 2-oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. 2-Oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline is part of the purine metabolism pathway. It is a substrate for putative 2-oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline decarboxylase.
3-Hydroxymugineic acid
C12H20N2O9 (336.11687500000005)
3-Hydroxymugineic acid is found in cereals and cereal products. 3-Hydroxymugineic acid is isolated from roots of barley (Hordeum vulgare). Isolated from roots of barley (Hordeum vulgare). 3-Hydroxymugineic acid is found in barley and cereals and cereal products.
L,L-Cyclo(leucylprolyl)
L,L-Cyclo(leucylprolyl) is found in alcoholic beverages. L,L-Cyclo(leucylprolyl) is produced by microorganisms and is a bitter component of sake and contributes to the flavour of beer. L,L-Cyclo(leucylprolyl), also known as cyclo(leu-pro) or cyclo(L-prolyl-L-leucyl), belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids and derivatives. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon), or a derivative thereof. L,L-Cyclo(leucylprolyl) is a secondary metabolite. Secondary metabolites are metabolically or physiologically non-essential metabolites that may serve a role as defense or signalling molecules. In some cases they are simply molecules that arise from the incomplete metabolism of other secondary metabolites. Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on L,L-Cyclo(leucylprolyl). L-Leucyl-L-proline lactam. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=2873-36-1 (retrieved 2024-07-10) (CAS RN: 2873-36-1). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Cyclo(L-Leu-L-Pro) is an inhibitory substance targeting to production of norsolorinic acid (NA，a precursor of aflatoxin)，which can be isolated from A. xylosoxidans NFRI-A1. Cyclo(L-Leu-L-Pro) inhibits accumulation of NA by A. parasiticus NFRI-95 and inhibits spore formation. Cyclo(L-Leu-L-Pro) inhibits aflatoxin production with an IC50 of 0.2 mg/mL in A. parasiticus SYS-4[1].
1H-Imidazole-1-acetic acid
1H-Imidazole-1-acetic acid is found in mushrooms. 1H-Imidazole-1-acetic acid is isolated from Coprinus atramentarius (common ink cap Imidazol-1-yl-acetic acid is an endogenous metabolite.
Homocysteine thiolactone
Elevated level of the nonprotein amino acid homocysteine (Hcy) is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and neural tube defects. Metabolic conversion of Hcy to a chemically reactive metabolite, Hcy-thiolactone, catalyzed by methionyl-tRNA synthetase is the first step in a pathway that contributes to Hcy toxicity in humans. (PMID 16702349). The only known source of Hcy in the human body is dietary protein methionine; subsequent examinations of individual dietary amino acids have led to the conclusion that methionine, ingested in excess, is the most toxic amino acid. (Harper AE, Benevenga NJ, Wohlheuter RM. Effects of ingestion of disproportionate amounts of amino acids. Physiol Rev. 1970;50: 428 - 58; Benevenga NJ, Steele RD. Adverse effects of excessive consumption of amino acids. Annu Rev Nutr. 1984; 4:157-81). Animals fed high-protein or high-methionine diets for 2 years developed hyperhomocysteinemia and evidence of vascular disease (Fau D, Preret J, Hadjiisky P. Effects of ingestion of high protein or excess methionine diets by rats for two years. J Nutr. 1988; 118:128-33). Elevated level of the nonprotein amino acid homocysteine (Hcy) is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and neural tube defects. Metabolic conversion of Hcy to a chemically reactive metabolite, Hcy-thiolactone, catalyzed by methionyl-tRNA synthetase is the first step in a pathway that contributes to Hcy toxicity in humans. (PMID 16702349) D020011 - Protective Agents > D011837 - Radiation-Protective Agents
L-Hexahydro-3-imino-1,2,4-oxadiazepine-3-carboxylic acid
L-Hexahydro-3-imino-1,2,4-oxadiazepine-3-carboxylic acid is found in pulses. L-Hexahydro-3-imino-1,2,4-oxadiazepine-3-carboxylic acid may occur with Canavanine
L-Cyclo(alanylglycyl)
L-Cyclo(alanylglycyl) is found in cocoa and cocoa products. L-Cyclo(alanylglycyl) is present in roasted cocoa bean Cyclo(Ala-Gly), a metabolite of a mangrove endophytic fungus, Penicillium thomi, exhibits cytotoxicity against A549, HepG2 and HT29 cells. The IC50 values range from 9.5 to 18.1 μM[1].
(S)-3-Ethylidenehexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione
(S)-3-Ethylidenehexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione is isolated from cultured cells of Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco (quebracho). Isolated from cultured cells of Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco (quebracho)
Raphanusamic acid
Raphanusamic acid is found in brassicas. Raphanusamic acid is isolated from etiolated seedlings of Raphanus sativus var. hortensis (Japanese radish Daikon). Isolated from etiolated seedlings of Raphanus sativus variety hortensis (Japanese radish Daikon). Raphanusamic acid is found in brassicas.
Brassica oleracea Alkaloid
Brassica oleracea Alkaloid is found in brassicas. Brassica oleracea Alkaloid is an alkaloid found on the leaf surfaces of Brassica oleracea cv. botrytis (cauliflower).
(3xi,6xi)-Cyclo(alanylvalyl)
(3xi,6xi)-Cyclo(alanylvalyl) is found in cocoa and cocoa products. (3xi,6xi)-Cyclo(alanylvalyl) is isolated from roasted cocoa. Isolated from roasted cocoa. (3xi,6xi)-Cyclo(alanylvalyl) is found in cocoa and cocoa products.
Dexrazoxane
An antimitotic agent with immunosuppressive properties. Dexrazoxane, the (+)-enantiomorph of razoxane, provides cardioprotection against anthracycline toxicity. It appears to inhibit formation of a toxic iron-anthracycline complex. [PubChem]. The Food and Drug Administration has designated dexrazoxane as an orphan drug for use in the prevention or reduction in the incidence and severity of anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy. V - Various > V03 - All other therapeutic products > V03A - All other therapeutic products > V03AF - Detoxifying agents for antineoplastic treatment D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D059003 - Topoisomerase Inhibitors > D059005 - Topoisomerase II Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D054659 - Diketopiperazines D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D050256 - Antimitotic Agents D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents D050258 - Mitosis Modulators D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors
Cystathionine ketimine
D-cystathionine ketimine and L-cystathionine ketimine enhance superoxide generation by human neutrophils in a different manner. D-Cystathionine Ketimine enhanced seryl phosphorylation of 16. 5-kDa protein in human neutrophils, while L-Cystathionine Ketimine enhanced tyrosyl phosphorylation of 45-kDa protein.(PMID: 10049498). Among the cystathionine metabolites, cystathionine ketimine and N-acetyl-S-(3-oxo-3-carboxy-n-propyl) cysteine (NAc-OCPC) significantly enhanced the N-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine (fMLP)-induced superoxide generation, but cystathionine, NAc-cystathionine, and cyclothionine did not enhance the superoxide generation. Cystathionine ketimine and NAc-OCPC also enhanced superoxide generation induced by opsonized zymosan (OZ) but not that induced by arachidonic acid (AA) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Superoxide generation induced by cystathionine ketimine and NAc-OCPC was inhibited by genistein, an inhibitor of tyrosine kinase, and was enhanced by 1-(5-isoquinoline sulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7), an inhibitor of protein kinase C.(PMID: 10708546) [HMDB] Cystathionine ketimine (CT) is a cyclic amino acid that was found to have a priming effect on superoxide generation in human neutrophils (PMID: 10708546). D-Cystathionine ketimine and L-cystathionine ketimine enhance superoxide generation by human neutrophils in two different manners. D-Cystathionine ketimine enhanced seryl phosphorylation of 16.5-kDa protein in human neutrophils, while L-cystathionine ketimine enhanced tyrosyl phosphorylation of 45-kDa protein (PMID: 10049498). Cystathionine ketimine was found in the urine of a cystathioninuria patient (PMID: 8373176).
Histidylproline diketopiperazine
Histidylproline diketopiperazine is a cyclic dipeptide initially described in both the hypothalamus and cerebral tissues, has been detected in various sites outside the central nervous system, including the gastrointestinal tract and, more specifically, the endocrine pancreas. Histidylproline diketopiperazine belongs to the family of Dioxopiperazines. These are compounds containing a piperazine ring bearing two ketone groups. A cyclic dipeptide initially described in both the hypothalamus and cerebral tissues, has been detected in various sites outside the central nervous system, including the gastrointestinal tract and, D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D014179 - Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators
L-Dihydroorotic acid
L-Dihydroorotic acid, also known as (S)-4,5-dihydroorotate or dihydro-L-orotate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids and derivatives. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon), or a derivative thereof. 4,5-Dihydroorotic acid is a derivative of orotic acid which serves as an intermediate in pyrimidine biosynthesis. L-Dihydroorotic acid is a drug. L-Dihydroorotic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Within humans, L-dihydroorotic acid participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, L-dihydroorotic acid can be biosynthesized from ureidosuccinic acid; which is catalyzed by the enzyme cad protein. In addition, L-dihydroorotic acid and quinone can be converted into orotic acid through the action of the enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone), mitochondrial. In humans, L-dihydroorotic acid is involved in the metabolic disorder called the beta-ureidopropionase deficiency pathway. Outside of the human body, L-dihydroorotic acid has been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as black chokeberries, vanilla, sweet basils, soy beans, and broad beans. L-Dihydroorotic acid is an intermediate in the metabolism of Pyrimidine. It is a substrate for Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (mitochondrial). [HMDB]. L-Dihydroorotic acid is found in many foods, some of which are lemon balm, eggplant, arrowhead, and european cranberry. L-Dihydroorotic acid can reversibly hydrolyze to yield the acyclic L-ureidosuccinic acid by dihydrowhey enzyme[1].
Lanthionine ketimine
Lanthionine ketimine binds specifically and with high affinity to brain membranes and belong to a class of endogenous sulfur-containing cyclic products provided with a possible neurochemical function (PMID 1761027) [HMDB] Lanthionine ketimine binds specifically and with high affinity to brain membranes and belong to a class of endogenous sulfur-containing cyclic products provided with a possible neurochemical function (PMID 1761027).
5'-Hydroxylornoxicam
5-Hydroxylornoxicam is a metabolite of Tenoxicam. 5-hydroxylornoxicam belongs to the family of Thienothiazines. These are heterocyclic compounds containing a thiophene ring fused to a thiazine.
L-cis-Cyclo(aspartylphenylalanyl)
L-cis-Cyclo(aspartylphenylalanyl) is a degradation product product of Aspartame. L-cis-Cyclo(aspartylphenylalanyl) is a constituent of roasted cocoa nibs [CCD
Imazamethabenz
Herbicidal metabolite of imazamethabenz-methyl. Acetolactate synthase inhibitor Herbicidal metabolite of imazamethabenz-methyl. Acetolactate synthase inhibito
C.I. Pigment Yellow
C.I. Pigment Yellow is a fda approved colourant for food contact high density polyethylene and polypropylene resins. FDA approved colourant for food contact high density polyethylene and polypropylene resins
N-Nitrosothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid
C4H6N2O3S (162.00991259999998)
N-Nitrosothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid is found in animal foods. Non-mutagenic contaminant of smoked cured meats. N-Nitrosothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid is a marker for in vivo N-nitrosations. Non-mutagenic contaminant of smoked cured meats. A marker for in vivo N-nitrosations. N-Nitrosothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid is found in animal foods.
Phosphocreatinine
Phosphocreatinine is found in milk.
2-Thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid
2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid belongs to the family of Thiazolidinethiones. These are heterocyclic compounds containing a thiazolidinethione ring which bears one thioketone group.
Faropenem
Faropenem is an orally active beta-lactam antibiotic belonging to the penem group. It is resistant to some forms of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. It is available for oral use. Faropenem was developed by Daiichi Asubio Pharma, which markets it in two forms. The sodium salt faropenem sodium, available under the trade name Farom, has been marketed in Japan since 1997. (CID 636379 from PubChem) The prodrug form faropenem medoxomil (also known as faropenem daloxate) has been licensed from Daiichi Asubio Pharma by Replidyne, which plans to market it in conjunction with Forest Pharmaceuticals. The trade name proposed for the product was Orapem, but company officials recently announced this name was rejected by the FDA.
6-oxopiperidine-2-carboxylate
6-Oxopiperidine-2-carboxylic acid, also known as 6-Oxo-pipecolinic acid, or 6-Oxo-piperidine-2-carboxylic acid, is associated with penicillin V in the production on Penicillium chrysogenum fermentations. Analysis of a 13C NMR spectrum of a concentrated broth from Penicillium chrysogenum fermentation revealed the presence of penicillin V and 6-oxo-piperidine-2-carboxylic acid(1) as the principal constituents. The latter lactam, identical to an authentic sample prepared by the cyclization of alpha-aminoadipic acid was present to the extent of 28 mol\\% of penicillin V. The lactam isolated form the broth was nearly racemic, having a slight excess of the L-isomer. This isolation provides further evidence regarding the biosynthetic precursors of the hydrophobic penicillins. (PMID: 6788737
Pyroglutamine*
Pyroglutamine (CAS: 2353-44-8), also known as alpha-aminoglutarimide or 3-amino-1,6-dioxopiperidine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids and derivatives. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon), or a derivative thereof. Pyroglutamine is considered to be soluble (in water) and acidic. Pyroglutamine has been identified in the human placenta (PMID: 32033212).
(3R,5S)-1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylic Acid
(3R,5S)-1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylic Acid is also known as 3-Hydroxy-L-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate. (3R,5S)-1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylic Acid is considered to be soluble (in water) and acidic
2-methyl-1,3-thiazolidine-2-carboxamide
C5H10N2OS (146.05138100000002)
2-methyl-1,3-thiazolidine-2-carboxamide is classified as an alpha amino acid or an Alpha amino acid derivative. Alpha amino acids are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon), or a derivative thereof. 2-methyl-1,3-thiazolidine-2-carboxamide is considered to be soluble (in water) and relatively neutral
Curcumin glucuronide
Curcumin glucuronide is a diarylheptanoid.
Cyclo(pro-val)
Cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val) is a 2,5-diketopiperazine, with toxic activity against phytopathogenic microorganisms (such as R. fascians LMG 3605). Cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val) shows toxicity similar to Chloramphenicol (HY-B0239) with comparable concentration. Cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val) can also inhibit gram-positive phytopathogenic bacterium. Cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val) has potential development as biopesticide[1]. Cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val) is a 2,5-diketopiperazine, with toxic activity against phytopathogenic microorganisms (such as R. fascians LMG 3605). Cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val) shows toxicity similar to Chloramphenicol (HY-B0239) with comparable concentration. Cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val) can also inhibit gram-positive phytopathogenic bacterium. Cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val) has potential development as biopesticide[1]. Cyclo(Pro-Val) can be isolated from Pseudomonas fluorescens GcM5-1A and has cytotoxicity[1].
(S)-Hexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione
C7H10N2O2 (154.07422400000002)
COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
(1R,4R,5S)-1-[(1S)-1-Hydroxy-2-methylpropyl]-4-propyl-6-oxa-2-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-3,7-dione
(2R,5R)-3-(2-Hydroxyethylidene)-7-oxo-4-oxa-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid
(2s,3r,4s,5r)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-oxopiperidine-2-carboxylic acid
(2R)-2-(2-Hydroxyhydrazinyl)-3-sulfanylidenepropanoic acid
(3R,4R)-3-Amino-1-hydroxy-4-methylpyrrolidin-2-one
C5H10N2O2 (130.07422400000002)
Firsocostat
2-(1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroxybutyl)thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid
ONO-2235; ONO 2235; ONO2235; Sorbistat
3-Amino-1-hydroxypyrrolidin-2-one
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018683 - Excitatory Amino Acid Agents > D018691 - Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018683 - Excitatory Amino Acid Agents > D018690 - Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists
7-Aminocephalosporanic acid
(5R,6S)-3-(2-Carbamoyloxyethylsulfanyl)-6-(1-hydroxyethyl)-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
(5R,6S)-6-[(1R)-1-Hydroxyethyl]-7-oxo-3-pyridin-3-yl-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
Aminoethylcysteine ketimine decarboxylated dimer
C9H12N2OS2 (228.03910219999997)
Amoxicilloyl
C17H23N3O5S (381.13583480000005)
Ampicilloyl
C17H23N3O4S (365.14091980000006)
(5R,6S)-3-(Aminomethyl)-6-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
C9H12N2O4S (244.05177519999998)
Antide
C147H187N51O76P14S14 (4763.475204200001)
Arginine ornithine
C11H24N6O3 (288.19097939999995)
Atecegatran metoxil
C22H23ClF2N4O5 (496.13249620000005)
Bisdethiobis(methylthio)gliotoxin
C15H20N2O4S2 (356.08644400000003)
Chemistry 2
Clopidogrel thiol
C16H16ClNO2S2 (353.03109459999996)
Creatinine citrate
Creatinine nitrite nitrate
Cuprizone
D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D008996 - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors D064449 - Sequestering Agents > D002614 - Chelating Agents
Deferitazole
Deferitrin
Desethyl kbt-3022
C23H20N2O4S (420.11437200000006)
Dihydroxylysinonorleucine
Eldoral
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D014179 - Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors > D018759 - Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D000928 - Antidepressive Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators
Lexaptepid pegol
C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29711 - Anti-diabetic Agent C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C129821 - Antineoplastic Biological Agent C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C547 - Hormone Antagonist C307 - Biological Agent
Etiracetam
C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C264 - Anticonvulsant Agent D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018697 - Nootropic Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000927 - Anticonvulsants
4-Ethoxymethylene-2-phenyl-2-oxazolin-5-one
D007155 - Immunologic Factors
Fumaryl diketopiperazine
4-[[(2R)-1-(1-Benzothiophene-3-carbonyl)-2-methylazetidine-2-carbonyl]-[(3-chlorophenyl)methyl]amino]butanoic acid
C25H25ClN2O4S (484.12234800000004)
Hexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione
C7H10N2O2 (154.07422400000002)
Cyclo-(Pro-Gly) (Pyrrolopiperazine-2,5-dione), an alkaloid isolated from green algae Ulva prolifera, possesses antialgal activity against the common harmful red tide microalgae[1]. Cyclo-(Pro-Gly) (Pyrrolopiperazine-2,5-dione) possesses antiamnesic effects and neuroprotective actions[2].
Humic acid
D064449 - Sequestering Agents > D002614 - Chelating Agents > D006812 - Humic Substances
3-[2-(4-Fluorophenyl)ethylamino]-1-methyl-4-(2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)pyrrole-2,5-dione
(3S,8As)-7-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2,3,6,7,8,8a-hexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione
C8H12N2O4 (200.07970319999998)
Lodoxamide
C78273 - Agent Affecting Respiratory System > C29712 - Anti-asthmatic Agent > C29714 - Mast Cell Stabilizer S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01G - Decongestants and antiallergics D018926 - Anti-Allergic Agents Lodoxamide (U-42585E free acid) is an antiallergic compound acting as a mast-cell stabilizer for the treatment of asthma and allergic conjunctivitis.
Lodoxamide ethyl
C78273 - Agent Affecting Respiratory System > C29712 - Anti-asthmatic Agent > C29714 - Mast Cell Stabilizer D018926 - Anti-Allergic Agents
5-(1H-Indol-3-ylmethyl)-3-methyl-2-thioxo-4-Imidazolidinone
Nefiracetam
D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018696 - Neuroprotective Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018697 - Nootropic Agents C26170 - Protective Agent > C1509 - Neuroprotective Agent D020011 - Protective Agents Nefiracetam is a GABAergic, cholinergic, and monoaminergic neuronal systems enhancer for Ro 5-4864-induced convulsions. Target: GABA Receptor Nefiracetam induces a short-term depression of ACh-evoked currents at submicromolar concentrations (0.01-0.1 μM) and a long-term enhancement of the currents at micromolar concentrations (1-10 μM). Nefiracetam interacts with PKA and PKC pathways, which may explain a cellular mechanism for the action of cognition-enhancing agents. Lower (submicromolar) concentrations of the nootropic Nefiracetam reduces ACh-evoked currents to 30\% (0.01 μM) and 38\% (0.1 μM) of control after a 10-minute treatment [1]. Nefiracetam administered orally inhibits Ro 5-4864-induced convulsions in EL mice. Nefiracetam also efficiently inhibits Ro 5-4864-induced convulsions in DDY mice at doses higher than 10 mg/kg [2]. Nefiracetam administered daily 1 hour before each training session facilitates the acquisition process of the avoidance response [3].
Nitrazine
C6H15N7O3 (233.12363200000001)
Nitropravastatin
Methyl 4-[(propionyl)phenylamino]piperidine-4-carboxylate
C16H22N2O3 (290.16303419999997)
Oxiracetam
N - Nervous system > N06 - Psychoanaleptics > N06B - Psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018697 - Nootropic Agents C26170 - Protective Agent > C1509 - Neuroprotective Agent Oxiracetam is a cyclic derivative of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) which has been commonly used as nootropic agent to treat cognitive impairments.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)-1-nitrosourea
C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C2842 - DNA Binding Agent D009676 - Noxae > D000477 - Alkylating Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents
Benzylpenicilloyl
C17H22N2O4S (350.13002120000004)
Penilloic acid
Phosphocreatine lactate
C7H14N3O8P (299.05184940000004)
Piracetam
C6H10N2O2 (142.07422400000002)
N - Nervous system > N06 - Psychoanaleptics > N06B - Psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018696 - Neuroprotective Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018697 - Nootropic Agents C26170 - Protective Agent > C1509 - Neuroprotective Agent D020011 - Protective Agents Piracetam (UCB-6215) is a cyclic derivative of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), used in treatment of a wide range of cognitive disorders.
PKCbeta Inhibitor
Premazepam
C15H15N3O (253.12150599999998)
Pyochelin
D064449 - Sequestering Agents > D002614 - Chelating Agents > D007502 - Iron Chelating Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents
Ranelic acid
C12H10N2O8S (342.01578600000005)
Remifentanil Acid
C19H26N2O5 (362.18416260000004)
Ritipenem
C10H12N2O6S (288.04160520000005)
D-Tryptophan, N-[[5-[2-(4-methylphenyl)ethynyl]-2-thienyl]sulfonyl]-
C24H20N2O4S2 (464.08644400000003)
3-(3-Chloro-4-hydroxyphenylamino)-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione
C16H10ClN3O5 (359.03089600000004)
(5R)-3-Ethylsulfanyl-6-(1-hydroxyethyl)-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
Butanoyl (2S)-2-amino-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoate
2-[Carbamimidoyl(phosphonomethyl)amino]acetic acid
N-[6-(2,3-Difluorophenyl)-2-oxo-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)azepan-3-yl]-4-(2-oxo-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide
(2S)-1,2-Dimethyl-3,4-dioxoazetidine-2-carboxylic acid
(6R,7R)-6-Methoxy-3,7-dimethyl-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
1,2-Benzisothiazole-2(3H)-acetamide, N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-oxo-, 1,1-dioxide
Supidimide
C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic
Thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid
C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C2122 - Cell Differentiating Agent > C2131 - Differentiation Inhibitor D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants D020011 - Protective Agents > D000931 - Antidotes D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents
threo-hydroxyaspartic acid
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018846 - Excitatory Amino Acids
Atecegatran
C21H21ClF2N4O4 (466.1219320000001)
Thiafentanil
C22H28N2O4S (416.17696880000005)
Valeant
L-Alanine, 3-(((3-(4-(aminoiminomethyl)phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazolyl)acetyl)amino)-N-(butoxycarbonyl)-, (R)-
C20H27N5O6 (433.19612420000004)
Yersiniabactin
C21H27N3O4S3 (481.1163622000001)
(4R)-3-((2S)-3-Mercapto-2-methylpropanoyl)-4-thiazolidinecarboxylic acid
ZOLAZEPAM
C15H15FN4O (286.12298319999996)
D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014151 - Anti-Anxiety Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic > C1012 - Benzodiazepine D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018757 - GABA Modulators C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C28197 - Antianxiety Agent
(2S)-6-Oxa-1-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2-carboxylic acid
5,6-Dioxo-3,7-dihydro-2H-indole-2-carboxylic acid
2-Oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazole
5-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate, also known as 2-oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids and derivatives. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon), or a derivative thereof. 5-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). 5-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. Outside of the human body, 5-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate has been detected, but not quantified in, soy beans. This could make 5-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. 5-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1h-imidazole-5-carboxylate is part of the Purine metabolism pathway. 5-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1h-imidazole-5-carboxylate, also known as 2-oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline, belongs to alpha amino acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon), or a derivative thereof. 5-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1h-imidazole-5-carboxylate is slightly soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). 5-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1h-imidazole-5-carboxylate can be found in soy bean, which makes 5-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1h-imidazole-5-carboxylate a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. 5-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1h-imidazole-5-carboxylate exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans.
L,L-Cyclo(prolylalanyl)
Isolated from cocoa. L,L-Cyclo(prolylalanyl) is found in cocoa and cocoa products.
(4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-(2S)-dipicolinate
(4s)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-(2s)-dipicolinate belongs to alpha amino acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon), or a derivative thereof (4s)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-(2s)-dipicolinate is soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). (4s)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-(2s)-dipicolinate can be found in a number of food items such as mamey sapote, red bell pepper, burbot, and kelp, which makes (4s)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-(2s)-dipicolinate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
(S)-2,3-dihydrodipicolinate
(s)-2,3-dihydrodipicolinate, also known as (S)-2,3-dihydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate or 2,3-di-H-dipicolinic acid, belongs to alpha amino acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon), or a derivative thereof (s)-2,3-dihydrodipicolinate is slightly soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). (s)-2,3-dihydrodipicolinate can be found in a number of food items such as american cranberry, moth bean, parsnip, and giant butterbur, which makes (s)-2,3-dihydrodipicolinate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
2-amino-3,7-dideoxy-D-threo-hept-6-ulosonate
2-amino-3,7-dideoxy-d-threo-hept-6-ulosonate is soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). 2-amino-3,7-dideoxy-d-threo-hept-6-ulosonate can be found in a number of food items such as celeriac, muskmelon, pulses, and grapefruit, which makes 2-amino-3,7-dideoxy-d-threo-hept-6-ulosonate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
4-phospho-hydroxy-L-threonine
4-phospho-hydroxy-l-threonine belongs to alpha amino acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon), or a derivative thereof. 4-phospho-hydroxy-l-threonine is soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). 4-phospho-hydroxy-l-threonine can be found in a number of food items such as guava, adzuki bean, black chokeberry, and rye, which makes 4-phospho-hydroxy-l-threonine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
5-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1H imidazole-5-carboxylate
5-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1h imidazole-5-carboxylate, also known as (S)-ohcu, belongs to alpha amino acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon), or a derivative thereof. 5-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1h imidazole-5-carboxylate is slightly soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). 5-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1h imidazole-5-carboxylate can be found in a number of food items such as cumin, skunk currant, star fruit, and mustard spinach, which makes 5-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1h imidazole-5-carboxylate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
5-hydroxyindole thiazolidine carboxylate
5-hydroxyindole thiazolidine carboxylate belongs to alpha amino acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon), or a derivative thereof. 5-hydroxyindole thiazolidine carboxylate is practically insoluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). 5-hydroxyindole thiazolidine carboxylate can be found in a number of food items such as biscuit, common pea, black salsify, and guava, which makes 5-hydroxyindole thiazolidine carboxylate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
L-alpha-amino-epsilon-keto-pimelate
L-alpha-amino-epsilon-keto-pimelate belongs to alpha amino acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon), or a derivative thereof. L-alpha-amino-epsilon-keto-pimelate is slightly soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). L-alpha-amino-epsilon-keto-pimelate can be found in a number of food items such as star fruit, cottonseed, black-eyed pea, and longan, which makes L-alpha-amino-epsilon-keto-pimelate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.