Classification Term: 2188

Glutamic acid and derivatives (ontology term: CHEMONTID:0004323)

Compounds containing glutamic acid or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of glutamic acid at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom." []

found 95 associated metabolites at no_class-level_7 metabolite taxonomy ontology rank level.

Ancestor: Alpha amino acids and derivatives

Child Taxonomies: There is no child term of current ontology term.

View the spectrum consensus network of the metabolites belongs to current chemical taxonomy.

Glutamate

(1S)-2-[(3-O-beta-D-Glucopyranosyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)oxy]-1-{[(9E)-octadec-9-enoyloxy]methyl}ethyl (10E)-nonadec-10-enoic acid

C5H9NO4 (147.0532)


Glutamic acid (Glu), also known as L-glutamic acid or as glutamate, the name of its anion, is an alpha-amino acid. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon). Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino (‚ÄìNH2) and carboxyl (‚ÄìCOOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. L-glutamic acid is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the amino acids used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Glutamic acid is found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. It is classified as an acidic, charged (at physiological pH), aliphatic amino acid. In humans it is a non-essential amino acid and can be synthesized via alanine or aspartic acid via alpha-ketoglutarate and the action of various transaminases. Glutamate also plays an important role in the bodys disposal of excess or waste nitrogen. Glutamate undergoes deamination, an oxidative reaction catalysed by glutamate dehydrogenase leading to alpha-ketoglutarate. In many respects glutamate is a key molecule in cellular metabolism. Glutamate is the most abundant fast excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian nervous system. At chemical synapses, glutamate is stored in vesicles. Nerve impulses trigger release of glutamate from the pre-synaptic cell. In the opposing post-synaptic cell, glutamate receptors, such as the NMDA receptor, bind glutamate and are activated. Because of its role in synaptic plasticity, it is believed that glutamic acid is involved in cognitive functions like learning and memory in the brain. Glutamate transporters are found in neuronal and glial membranes. They rapidly remove glutamate from the extracellular space. In brain injury or disease, they can work in reverse and excess glutamate can accumulate outside cells. This process causes calcium ions to enter cells via NMDA receptor channels, leading to neuronal damage and eventual cell death, and is called excitotoxicity. The mechanisms of cell death include: Damage to mitochondria from excessively high intracellular Ca2+. Glu/Ca2+-mediated promotion of transcription factors for pro-apoptotic genes, or downregulation of transcription factors for anti-apoptotic genes. Excitotoxicity due to glutamate occurs as part of the ischemic cascade and is associated with stroke and diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, lathyrism, and Alzheimers disease. Glutamic acid has been implicated in epileptic seizures. Microinjection of glutamic acid into neurons produces spontaneous depolarization around one second apart, and this firing pattern is similar to what is known as paroxysmal depolarizing shift in epileptic attacks. This change in the resting membrane potential at seizure foci could cause spontaneous opening of voltage activated calcium channels, leading to glutamic acid release and further depolarization (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamic_acid). Glutamate was discovered in 1866 when it was extracted from wheat gluten (from where it got its name. Glutamate has an important role as a food additive and food flavoring agent. In 1908, Japanese researcher Kikunae Ikeda identified brown crystals left behind after the evaporation of a large amount of kombu broth (a Japanese soup) as glutamic acid. These crystals, when tasted, reproduced a salty, savory flavor detected in many foods, most especially in seaweed. Professor Ikeda termed this flavor umami. He then patented a method of mass-producing a crystalline salt of glutamic acid, monosodium glutamate. L-glutamic acid is an optically active form of glutamic acid having L-configuration. It has a role as a nutraceutical, a micronutrient, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a mouse metabolite, a ferroptosis inducer and a neurotransmitter. It is a glutamine family amino acid, a proteinogenic amino acid, a glutamic acid and a L-alpha-amino acid. It is a conjugate acid of a L-glutamate(1-). It is an enantiomer of a D-glutamic acid. A peptide that is a homopolymer of glutamic acid. L-Glutamic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Glutamic acid (Glu), also referred to as glutamate (the anion), is one of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids. It is not among the essential amino acids. Glutamate is a key molecule in cellular metabolism. In humans, dietary proteins are broken down by digestion into amino acids, which serves as metabolic fuel or other functional roles in the body. Glutamate is the most abundant fast excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian nervous system. At chemical synapses, glutamate is stored in vesicles. Nerve impulses trigger release of glutamate from the pre-synaptic cell. In the opposing post-synaptic cell, glutamate receptors, such as the NMDA receptor, bind glutamate and are activated. Because of its role in synaptic plasticity, it is believed that glutamic acid is involved in cognitive functions like learning and memory in the brain. Glutamate transporters are found in neuronal and glial membranes. They rapidly remove glutamate from the extracellular space. In brain injury or disease, they can work in reverse and excess glutamate can accumulate outside cells. This process causes calcium ions to enter cells via NMDA receptor channels, leading to neuronal damage and eventual cell death, and is called excitotoxicity. The mechanisms of cell death include: * Damage to mitochondria from excessively high intracellular Ca2+. * Glu/Ca2+-mediated promotion of transcription factors for pro-apoptotic genes, or downregulation of transcription factors for anti-apoptotic genes. Excitotoxicity due to glutamate occurs as part of the ischemic cascade and is associated with stroke and diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, lathyrism, and Alzheimers disease. glutamic acid has been implicated in epileptic seizures. Microinjection of glutamic acid into neurons produces spontaneous depolarization around one second apart, and this firing pattern is similar to what is known as paroxysmal depolarizing shift in epileptic attacks. This change in the resting membrane potential at seizure foci could cause spontaneous opening of voltage activated calcium channels, leading to glutamic acid release and further depolarization. A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. See also: Monosodium Glutamate (active moiety of); Glatiramer Acetate (monomer of); Glatiramer (monomer of) ... View More ... obtained from acid hydrolysis of proteins. Since 1965 the industrial source of glutamic acid for MSG production has been bacterial fermentation of carbohydrate sources such as molasses and corn starch hydrolysate in the presence of a nitrogen source such as ammonium salts or urea. Annual production approx. 350000t worldwide in 1988. Seasoning additive in food manuf. (as Na, K and NH4 salts). Dietary supplement, nutrient Glutamic acid (symbol Glu or E;[4] the anionic form is known as glutamate) is an α-amino acid that is used by almost all living beings in the biosynthesis of proteins. It is a non-essential nutrient for humans, meaning that the human body can synthesize enough for its use. It is also the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate nervous system. It serves as the precursor for the synthesis of the inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in GABAergic neurons. Its molecular formula is C 5H 9NO 4. Glutamic acid exists in two optically isomeric forms; the dextrorotatory l-form is usually obtained by hydrolysis of gluten or from the waste waters of beet-sugar manufacture or by fermentation.[5][full citation needed] Its molecular structure could be idealized as HOOC−CH(NH 2)−(CH 2)2−COOH, with two carboxyl groups −COOH and one amino group −NH 2. However, in the solid state and mildly acidic water solutions, the molecule assumes an electrically neutral zwitterion structure −OOC−CH(NH+ 3)−(CH 2)2−COOH. It is encoded by the codons GAA or GAG. The acid can lose one proton from its second carboxyl group to form the conjugate base, the singly-negative anion glutamate −OOC−CH(NH+ 3)−(CH 2)2−COO−. This form of the compound is prevalent in neutral solutions. The glutamate neurotransmitter plays the principal role in neural activation.[6] This anion creates the savory umami flavor of foods and is found in glutamate flavorings such as MSG. In Europe, it is classified as food additive E620. In highly alkaline solutions the doubly negative anion −OOC−CH(NH 2)−(CH 2)2−COO− prevails. The radical corresponding to glutamate is called glutamyl. The one-letter symbol E for glutamate was assigned in alphabetical sequence to D for aspartate, being larger by one methylene –CH2– group.[7] DL-Glutamic acid is the conjugate acid of Glutamic acid, which acts as a fundamental metabolite. Comparing with the second phase of polymorphs α and β L-Glutamic acid, DL-Glutamic acid presents better stability[1]. DL-Glutamic acid is the conjugate acid of Glutamic acid, which acts as a fundamental metabolite. Comparing with the second phase of polymorphs α and β L-Glutamic acid, DL-Glutamic acid presents better stability[1]. L-Glutamic acid acts as an excitatory transmitter and an agonist at all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabotropic, kainate, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid shows a direct activating effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic terminals. L-Glutamic acid is an excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter that acts as an agonist for all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabolic rhodophylline, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid has an agonist effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic nerve endings. L-Glutamic acid can be used in the study of neurological diseases[1][2][3][4][5]. L-Glutamic acid acts as an excitatory transmitter and an agonist at all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabotropic, kainate, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid shows a direct activating effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic terminals.

   

Dihydrofolic acid

(2S)-2-[[4-[(2-amino-4-oxo-7,8-dihydro-3H-pteridin-6-yl)methylamino]benzoyl]amino]pentanedioic acid

C19H21N7O6 (443.1553)


Dihydrofolic acid is a folic acid derivative acted upon by dihydrofolate reductase to produce tetrahydrofolic acid. It interacts with bacteria during cell division. It can be targeted with drug analogs to prevent nucleic acid synthesis. Dihydrofolic acid is also known by the name Dihydrofolate - more commonly Vitamin B9. [HMDB] Dihydrofolic acid is a folic acid derivative acted upon by dihydrofolate reductase to produce tetrahydrofolic acid. It interacts with bacteria during cell division. It can be targeted with drug analogs to prevent nucleic acid synthesis. Dihydrofolic acid is also known by the name Dihydrofolate - more commonly Vitamin B9. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Dihydrofolic acid is a folic acid derivative acted upon by dihydrofolate reductase to produce tetrahydrofolic acid.

   

Saccharopine

(2S)-2-{[(5S)-5-amino-5-carboxypentyl]amino}pentanedioic acid

C11H20N2O6 (276.1321)


Saccharopine is an intermediate in the degradation of lysine, formed by the condensation of lysine and alpha-ketoglutarate. The saccharopine pathway is the main route for lysine degradation in mammals, and its first two reactions are catalyzed by enzymatic activities known as lysine-oxoglutarate reductase (LOR) and saccharopine dehydrogenase (SDH), which reside on a single bifunctional polypeptide (LOR/SDH) (EC 1.5.1.8). The reactions involved with saccharopine dehydrogenases have very strict substrate specificity for L-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate, and NADPH. LOR/SDH has been detected in a number of mammalian tissues, mainly in the liver and kidney, contributing not only to the general nitrogen balance in the organism but also to the controlled conversion of lysine into ketone bodies. A tetrameric form has also been observed in human liver and placenta. LOR activity has also been detected in brain mitochondria during embryonic development, and this opens up the question of whether or not lysine degradation has any functional significance during brain development. As a result, there is now a new focus on the nutritional requirements for lysine in gestation and infancy. Finally, LOR and/or SDH deficiencies seem to be involved in a human autosomal genetic disorder known as familial hyperlysinemia, which is characterized by serious defects in the functioning of the nervous system and characterized by a deficiency in lysine-ketoglutarate reductase, saccharopine dehydrogenase, and saccharopine oxidoreductase activities. Saccharopinuria (high amounts of saccharopine in the urine) and saccharopinemia (an excess of saccharopine in the blood) are conditions present in some inherited disorders of lysine degradation (PMID: 463877, 10567240, 10772957, 4809305). If present in sufficiently high levels, saccharopine can act as an acidogen and a metabotoxin. An acidogen is an acidic compound that induces acidosis, which has multiple adverse effects on many organ systems. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Saccharopine is an organic acid. Abnormally high levels of organic acids in the blood (organic acidemia), urine (organic aciduria), the brain, and other tissues lead to general metabolic acidosis. Acidosis typically occurs when arterial pH falls below 7.35. In infants with acidosis, the initial symptoms include poor feeding, vomiting, loss of appetite, weak muscle tone (hypotonia), and lack of energy (lethargy). Many affected children with organic acidemias experience intellectual disability or delayed development. Amino acid from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Neurospora crassaand is also found in mushrooms and seeds

   

N-acetylglutamate

N-Acetylglutamate, calcium salt (1:1), (L)-isomer

C7H11NO5 (189.0637)


N-Acetyl-L-glutamic acid or N-Acetylglutamate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as N-acyl-alpha amino acids. N-acyl-alpha amino acids are compounds containing an alpha amino acid which bears an acyl group at its terminal nitrogen atom. N-Acetyl-L-glutamate can also be classified as an alpha amino acid or a derivatized alpha amino acid. Technically, N-Acetyl-L-glutamate is a biologically available N-terminal capped form of the proteinogenic alpha amino acid L-glutamic acid. N-Acetyl-L-glutamic acid is found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. N-acetyl amino acids can be produced either via direct synthesis of specific N-acetyltransferases or via the proteolytic degradation of N-acetylated proteins by specific hydrolases. N-terminal acetylation of proteins is a widespread and highly conserved process in eukaryotes that is involved in protection and stability of proteins (PMID: 16465618). About 85\\\\% of all human proteins and 68\\\\% of all yeast proteins are acetylated at their N-terminus (PMID: 21750686). Several proteins from prokaryotes and archaea are also modified by N-terminal acetylation. The majority of eukaryotic N-terminal-acetylation reactions occur through N-acetyltransferase enzymes or NAT’s (PMID: 30054468). These enzymes consist of three main oligomeric complexes NatA, NatB, and NatC, which are composed of at least a unique catalytic subunit and one unique ribosomal anchor. The substrate specificities of different NAT enzymes are mainly determined by the identities of the first two N-terminal residues of the target protein. The human NatA complex co-translationally acetylates N-termini that bear a small amino acid (A, S, T, C, and occasionally V and G) (PMID: 30054468). NatA also exists in a monomeric state and can post-translationally acetylate acidic N-termini residues (D-, E-). NatB and NatC acetylate N-terminal methionine with further specificity determined by the identity of the second amino acid. N-acetylated amino acids, such as N-acetylglutamate can be released by an N-acylpeptide hydrolase from peptides generated by proteolytic degradation (PMID: 16465618). In addition to the NAT enzymes and protein-based acetylation, N-acetylation of free glutamic acid can also occur. In particular, N-Acetyl-L-glutamic acid can be biosynthesized from glutamate and acetylornithine by ornithine acetyltransferase, and from glutamic acid and acetyl-CoA by the enzyme known as N-acetylglutamate synthase. N-Acetyl-L-glutamic acid is the first intermediate involved in the biosynthesis of arginine in prokaryotes and simple eukaryotes and a regulator of the urea cycle in vertebrates. In vertebrates, N-acetylglutamic acid is the allosteric activator molecule to mitochondrial carbamyl phosphate synthetase I (CPSI) which is the first enzyme in the urea cycle. It triggers the production of the first urea cycle intermediate, a compound known as carbamyl phosphate. Notably the CPSI enzyme is inactive when N-acetylglutamic acid is not present. A deficiency in N-acetyl glutamate synthase or a genetic mutation in the gene coding for the enzyme will lead to urea cycle failure in which ammonia is not converted to urea, but rather accumulated in the blood leading to the condition called Type I hyperammonemia. Excessive amounts N-acetyl amino acids can be detected in the urine with individuals with aminoacylase I deficiency, a genetic disorder (PMID: 16465618). These include N-acetylalanine (as well as N-acetylserine, N-acetylglutamine, N-acetylglutamate, N-acetylglycine, N-acetylmethionine and smaller amounts of N-acetylthreonine, N-acetylleucine, N-acetylvaline and N-acetylisoleucine. Aminoacylase I is a soluble homodimeric zinc binding enzyme that catalyzes the formation of free aliphatic amino acids from N-acetylated precursors. In humans, Aminoacylase I is encoded by the aminoacylase 1 gene (ACY1) on chromosome 3p21 that consists of 15 exons (OMIM 609924). Individuals with aminoacylase I deficiency w... N-acetyl-l-glutamate, also known as L-N-acetylglutamic acid or ac-glu-oh, belongs to glutamic acid and derivatives class of compounds. Those are compounds containing glutamic acid or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of glutamic acid at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. N-acetyl-l-glutamate is soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). N-acetyl-l-glutamate can be found in a number of food items such as cardoon, almond, butternut squash, and avocado, which makes N-acetyl-l-glutamate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. N-acetyl-l-glutamate may be a unique S.cerevisiae (yeast) metabolite. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. KEIO_ID A031 N-Acetyl-L-glutamic acid, a glutamic acid, is a component of animal cell culturing media. N-Acetyl-L-glutamic acid is a metabolite of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and human[1]. N-Acetyl-L-glutamic acid, a glutamic acid, is a component of animal cell culturing media. N-Acetyl-L-glutamic acid is a metabolite of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and human[1].

   

Methotrexate

(2S)-2-[(4-{[(2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)methyl](methyl)amino}phenyl)formamido]pentanedioic acid

C20H22N8O5 (454.1713)


Methotrexate is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an antineoplastic antimetabolite with immunosuppressant properties. It is an inhibitor of tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase and prevents the formation of tetrahydrofolate, necessary for synthesis of thymidylate, an essential component of DNA. [PubChem]Methotrexate anti-tumor activity is a result of the inhibition of folic acid reductase, leading to inhibition of DNA synthesis and inhibition of cellular replication. The mechanism involved in its activity against rheumatoid arthritis is not known. L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01B - Antimetabolites > L01BA - Folic acid analogues L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L04 - Immunosuppressants > L04A - Immunosuppressants C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C272 - Antimetabolite COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019384 - Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors D012102 - Reproductive Control Agents > D000019 - Abortifacient Agents C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C2153 - Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitor D007155 - Immunologic Factors > D007166 - Immunosuppressive Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D005493 - Folic Acid Antagonists CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2730 D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents D003879 - Dermatologic Agents Corona-virus KEIO_ID M048 Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

   

N-methyl-L-glutamic Acid

(2S)-2-(Methylamino)pentanedioic acid

C6H11NO4 (161.0688)


N-methyl-L-glutamic Acid, also known as N-Methylglutamate or (2S)-2-(methylamino)Pentanedioic acid, is classified as a glutamic acid or a Glutamic acid derivative. Glutamic acids are compounds containing glutamic acid or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of glutamic acid at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. N-methyl-L-glutamic Acid is considered to be soluble (in water) and acidic KEIO_ID M067

   

Raltitrexed

(2S)-2-[(5-{methyl[(2-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinazolin-6-yl)methyl]amino}thiophen-2-yl)formamido]pentanedioic acid

C21H22N4O6S (458.126)


Raltitrexed is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a chemotherapy drug manufactured AstraZeneca Company, is an antimetabolite used in chemotherapy. It is an inhibitor of thymidylate synthase.Raltitrexed is an antineoplastic Agents and folic acid antagonists. Raltitrexed inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS) leading to DNA fragmentation and cell death. It is transported into cells via a reduced folate carrier. Inside the cell Raltitrexed is extensively polyglutamated, which enhances thymidylate synthase inhibitory power and duration. Inhibition of this enzyme results in decreased synthesis of thymidine triphosphate which is required for DNA synthesis. L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01B - Antimetabolites > L01BA - Folic acid analogues C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C272 - Antimetabolite C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C2021 - Thymidylate Synthase Inhibitor D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D005493 - Folic Acid Antagonists D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents Same as: D01064

   

Carglumic acid

(2S)-2-(Carbamoylamino)pentanedioic acid

C6H10N2O5 (190.059)


Carglumic acid is an orphan drug used for the treatment of hyperammonaemia in patients with N-acetylglutamate synthase deficiency. This rare genetic disorder results in elevated blood levels of ammonia, which can eventually cross the blood-brain barrier and cause neurologic problems, cerebral edema, coma, and death. Carglumic acid was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on 18 March 2010. A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A16 - Other alimentary tract and metabolism products > A16A - Other alimentary tract and metabolism products > A16AA - Amino acids and derivatives C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid KEIO_ID C078

   

Vinblastine

methyl (1R,9R,10S,11R,12R,19R)-11-(acetyloxy)-12-ethyl-4-[(13S,15S,17S)-17-ethyl-17-hydroxy-13-(methoxycarbonyl)-1,11-diazatetracyclo[13.3.1.0⁴,¹².0⁵,¹⁰]nonadeca-4(12),5,7,9-tetraen-13-yl]-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-8-methyl-8,16-diazapentacyclo[10.6.1.0¹,⁹.0²,⁷.0¹⁶,¹⁹]nonadeca-2(7),3,5,13-tetraene-10-carboxylate

C46H58N4O9 (810.4204)


Vinblastine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an antitumor alkaloid isolated from Vinca rosea. (Merck, 11th ed.)The antitumor activity of vinblastine is thought to be due primarily to inhibition of mitosis at metaphase through its interaction with tubulin. Vinblastine binds to the microtubular proteins of the mitotic spindle, leading to crystallization of the microtubule and mitotic arrest or cell death. L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01C - Plant alkaloids and other natural products > L01CA - Vinca alkaloids and analogues D050258 - Mitosis Modulators > D050256 - Antimitotic Agents > D050257 - Tubulin Modulators D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D050256 - Antimitotic Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D014748 - Vinca Alkaloids

   

Erythro-4-hydroxy-L-glutamate(1-)

Hydroxyglutamic acid, erythro-(DL)-isomer

C5H9NO5 (163.0481)


4-Hydroxy-L-glutamic acid is an intermediate in the metabolism of gamma-hydroxyglutamic acid. Specifically 4-Hydroxy-L-glutamic acid combines with 2-oxoglutarate to produce 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate and glutamate. The reaction can be described as: 4-Hydroxy-L-glutamate + 2-Oxoglutarate <=> 4-Hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate + L-Glutamate. This reaction is catalyzed by 4-hydroxyglutamate aminotransferase (PMID 13948827). [HMDB] Erythro-4-hydroxy-L-glutamate(1-) is also known as (2S,4R)-2-ammonio-4-Hydroxypentanedioate. Erythro-4-hydroxy-L-glutamate(1-) is considered to be soluble (in water) and acidic

   

Formiminoglutamic acid

(2S)-2-methanimidamidopentanedioic acid

C6H10N2O4 (174.0641)


Measurement of this acid in the urine after oral administration of histidine provides the basis for the diagnostic test of folic acid deficiency and of megaloblastic anemia of pregnancy. [HMDB] Measurement of this acid in the urine after oral administration of histidine provides the basis for the diagnostic test of folic acid deficiency and of megaloblastic anemia of pregnancy.

   

N-Formyl-L-glutamic acid

(2S)-2-(Formylamino)pentanedioic acid

C6H9NO5 (175.0481)


N-Formyl-L-glutamate is an intermediate in the histidine metabolism, in a reaction mediated by the enzyme formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase [EC:2.1.2.5 4.3.1.4], a bifunctional enzyme that channels 1-carbon units from formiminoglutamate to the folate pool.(KEGG) [HMDB] N-Formyl-L-glutamate is an intermediate in the histidine metabolism, in a reaction mediated by the enzyme formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase [EC:2.1.2.5 4.3.1.4], a bifunctional enzyme that channels 1-carbon units from formiminoglutamate to the folate pool.(KEGG).

   

Nopalinic acid

2-[(4-amino-1-carboxybutyl)amino]pentanedioic acid

C10H18N2O6 (262.1165)


Nopalinic acid is found in fats and oils. Nopalinic acid is isolated from Helianthus annuus (sunflower

   

L-Glutamic acid 5-phosphate

(2S)-2-Amino-5-oxo-5-(phosphonooxy)pentanoic acid

C5H10NO7P (227.0195)


L-Glutamic acid 5-phosphate is an intermediate in the urea cycle and the metabolism of amino groups. It is a substrate of aldehyde dehydrogenase 18 family, member A1 [EC:2.7.2.11 1.2.1.41] (KEGG)In citrulline biosynthesis, it is a substrate of the enzyme glutamate-5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [EC 1.2.1.41] and in proline synthesis it is a substrate of the enzyme Glutamate 5-kinase [EC 2.7.2.11] (BioCyc). L-Glutamic acid 5-phosphate is an intermediate in the urea cycle and metabolism of amino groups, a substrate of aldehyde dehydrogenase 18 family, member A1 [EC:2.7.2.11 1.2.1.41] (KEGG)

   

N-Acetyl-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate

(2S)-2-acetamido-5-oxo-5-(Phosphonooxy)pentanoic acid

C7H12NO8P (269.0301)


N-Acetyl-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate is an intermediate in urea cycle and metabolism of amino groups. The enzyme N-acetyl-gamma-glutamyl-phosphate reductase [EC:1.2.1.38] catalyzes the conversion of this metabolite into N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde. This reaction is irreversible and occurs in the mitochondria. (BiGG database) [HMDB] N-Acetyl-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate is an intermediate in urea cycle and metabolism of amino groups. The enzyme N-acetyl-gamma-glutamyl-phosphate reductase [EC:1.2.1.38] catalyzes the conversion of this metabolite into N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde. This reaction is irreversible and occurs in the mitochondria. (BiGG database).

   

4-Hydroxyphenylacetylglutamic acid

(2S)-2-{[1-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]amino}pentanedioate

C13H15NO6 (281.0899)


Involved in tyrosine and phenylalanine metabolism. [HMDB] Involved in tyrosine and phenylalanine metabolism.

   

Leucine-betaxanthin

(2S)-2-carboxy-1-{2-[(2S)-2,6-dicarboxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridin-4-ylidene]ethylidene}-6-hydroxy-5-{[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-({[3-(3-methoxy-4-oxidophenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxy}methyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-2,3-dihydro-1H-1lambda5-indol-1-ylium

C34H34N2O16 (726.1908)


   

Vulgaxanthin II

(4Z)-4-[(2E)-2-[(1,3-dicarboxypropyl)imino]ethylidene]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid

C14H16N2O8 (340.0907)


Yellow pigment from beetroot (Beta vulgaris). Vulgaxanthin II is found in red beetroot, common beet, and root vegetables. Vulgaxanthin II is found in common beet. Vulgaxanthin II is a yellow pigment from beetroot (Beta vulgaris

   

Gamma-glutamylglutamate

(2S)-2-[(4S)-4-amino-4-carboxybutanamido]pentanedioic acid

C10H16N2O7 (276.0957)


gammaGlutamylglutamic acid is made of two glutamic acid molecules. Glutamic acid (Glu), also referred to as glutamate (the anion), is one of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids. It is not among the essential amino acids. Glutamate is a key molecule in cellular metabolism. In humans, dietary proteins are broken down by digestion into amino acids, which serves as metabolic fuel or other functional roles in the body. Glutamate is the most abundant fast excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian nervous system. At chemical synapses, glutamate is stored in vesicles. Nerve impulses trigger release of glutamate from the pre-synaptic cell. In the opposing post-synaptic cell, glutamate receptors, such as the NMDA receptor, bind glutamate and are activated. Because of its role in synaptic plasticity, it is believed that glutamic acid is involved in cognitive functions like learning and memory in the brain. Glutamate transporters are found in neuronal and glial membranes. They rapidly remove glutamate from the extracellular space. In brain injury or disease, they can work in reverse and excess glutamate can accumulate outside cells. This process causes calcium ions to enter cells via NMDA receptor channels, leading to neuronal damage and eventual cell death, and is called excitotoxicity. The mechanisms of cell death include: * Damage to mitochondria from excessively high intracellular Ca2+. * Glu/Ca2+-mediated promotion of transcription factors for pro-apoptotic genes, or downregulation of transcription factors for anti-apoptotic genes. Excitotoxicity due to glutamate occurs as part of the ischemic cascade and is associated with stroke and diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, lathyrism, and Alzheimers disease. glutamic acid has been implicated in epileptic seizures. Microinjection of glutamic acid into neurons produces spontaneous depolarization around one second apart, and this firing pattern is similar to what is known as paroxysmal depolarizing shift in epileptic attacks. This change in the resting membrane potential at seizure foci could cause spontaneous opening of voltage activated calcium channels, leading to glutamic acid release and further depolarization. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamic_acid) [HMDB] gamma-Glutamylglutamic acid is a dipeptide composed of gamma-glutamate and glutamic acid. Glutamic acid (Glu), also referred to as glutamate (the anion), is one of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids. It is not among the essential amino acids. Glutamate is a key molecule in cellular metabolism. In humans, dietary proteins are broken down by digestion into amino acids, which serve as metabolic fuel and other functional roles in the body. Glutamate is the most abundant fast excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian nervous system. At chemical synapses, glutamate is stored in vesicles. Nerve impulses trigger release of glutamate from the pre-synaptic cell. In the opposing post-synaptic cell, glutamate receptors, such as the NMDA receptor, bind glutamate and are activated. Because of its role in synaptic plasticity, it is believed that glutamic acid is involved in cognitive functions like learning and memory in the brain. Glutamate transporters are found in neuronal and glial membranes. They rapidly remove glutamate from the extracellular space. In brain injury or disease, they can work in reverse and excess glutamate can accumulate outside cells. This process causes calcium ions to enter cells via NMDA receptor channels, leading to neuronal damage and eventual cell death, and is called excitotoxicity. The mechanisms of cell death include: (1) damage to mitochondria from excessively high intracellular Ca2+ (2) Glu/Ca2+-mediated promotion of transcription factors for pro-apoptotic genes, or downregulation of transcription factors for anti-apoptotic genes. Excitotoxicity due to glutamate occurs as part of the ischemic cascade and is associated with stroke and diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, lathyrism, and Alzheimers disease. Glutamic acid has been implicated in epileptic seizures. Microinjection of glutamic acid into neurons produce spontaneous depolarization around one second apart, and this firing pattern is similar to what is known as paroxysmal depolarizing shift in epileptic attacks. This change in the resting membrane potential at seizure foci could cause spontaneous opening of voltage activated calcium channels, leading to glutamic acid release and further depolarization (Wikipedia).

   

Beta-Citryl-L-glutamic acid

2-{[3-carboxy-2-(carboxymethyl)-1,2-dihydroxypropylidene]amino}pentanedioate

C11H15NO10 (321.0696)


beta-Citryl-L-glutamic acid (beta-CG) is a derivative of glutamic acid. beta-CG which is known to occur in the brain, have been isolated from human urine. [HMDB] beta-Citryl-L-glutamic acid (beta-CG) is a derivative of glutamic acid. beta-CG which is known to occur in the brain, have been isolated from human urine.

   

4-hydroxyglutamate

(2S,4R)-2-Amino-4-hydroxypentanedioic acid

C5H9NO5 (163.0481)


4-Hydroxy-L-glutamic acid is an intermediate in the metabolism of gamma-hydroxyglutamic acid. Specifically 4-Hydroxy-L-glutamic acid combines with 2-oxoglutarate to produce 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate and glutamate. The reaction can be described as: 4-Hydroxy-L-glutamate + 2-Oxoglutarate <=> 4-Hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate + L-Glutamate. This reaction is catalyzed by 4-hydroxyglutamate aminotransferase (PMID 13948827). [HMDB] 4-Hydroxy-L-glutamic acid is an intermediate in the metabolism of gamma-hydroxyglutamic acid. Specifically, 4-hydroxy-L-glutamic acid combines with 2-oxoglutarate to produce 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate and glutamate. The reaction can be described as: 4-hydroxy-L-glutamate + 2-oxoglutarate <=> 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate + L-glutamate. This reaction is catalyzed by 4-hydroxyglutamate aminotransferase (PMID: 13948827).

   

D-Glutamic acid

delta-2-Aminopentanedioic acid

C5H9NO4 (147.0532)


There are two forms of glutamic acid found in nature: L-glutamic acid and D-glutamic acid. D-glutamic acid, is not endogenously produced in higher mammals. It is found naturally primarily in the cell walls of certain bacteria. D-glutamate is also present in certain foods e.g., soybeans and also arises from the turnover of the intestinal tract microflora, whose cell walls contain significant D-glutamate. Unlike other D-amino acids, D-glutamate is not oxidized by the D-amino acid oxidases, and therefore this detoxification pathway is not available for handling D-glutamate. Likewise, D-glutamic acid, when ingested, largely escapes most deamination reactions (unlike the L-counterpart). Free D-glutamate is found in mammalian tissue at surprisingly high levels, with D-glutamate accounting for 9\\% of the total glutamate present in liver. D-glutamate is the most potent natural inhibitor of glutathione synthesis identified to date and this may account for its localization to the liver, since circulating D-glutamate may alter redox stabiity (PMID 11158923). Certain eels are known to use D-glutamic acid as a phermone for chemical communication. D-Glutamic acid has been found to be a metabolite of Lactobacillus (PMID: 22754309). There are two forms of glutamic acid found in nature: L-glutamic acid and D-glutamic acid. D-glutamic acid, is not endogenously produced in higher mammals. It is found naturally primarily in the cell walls of certain bacteria. D-glutamate is also present in certain foods e.g., soybeans and also arises from the turnover of the intestinal tract microflora, whose cell walls contain significant D-glutamate. Unlike other D-amino acids, D-glutamate is not oxidized by the D-amino acid oxidases, and therefore this detoxification pathway is not available for handling D-glutamate. Likewise, D-glutamic acid, when ingested, largely escapes most deamination reactions (unlike the L-counterpart). Free D-glutamate is found in mammalian tissue at surprisingly high levels, with D-glutamate accounting for 9\\% of the total glutamate present in liver. D-glutamate is the most potent natural inhibitor of glutathione synthesis identified to date and this may account for its localization to the liver, since circulating D-glutamate may alter redox stabiity (PMID 11158923). Certain eels are known to use D-glutamic acid as a phermone for chemical communication. [HMDB] D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018846 - Excitatory Amino Acids KEIO_ID G005

   

DL-Glutamate

Glutamic Acid, (D)-Isomer

C5H9NO4 (147.0532)


DL-Glutamate, also known as E or DL-glutamic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as glutamic acid and derivatives. Glutamic acid and derivatives are compounds containing glutamic acid or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of glutamic acid at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon). DL-Glutamate exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. DL-Glutamate is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as red bell peppers, milk (cow), and wheats and in a lower concentration in eggplants, romaine lettuces, and nanking cherries. DL-Glutamate has also been detected, but not quantified, in a few different foods, such as apples, broccoli, and lettuces. Glutamic acid (abbreviated as Glu or E) is one of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids. It is a non-essential amino acid. Glutamic acid is found in many foods, some of which are garden onion, orange bell pepper, oat, and cucumber. D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018846 - Excitatory Amino Acids DL-Glutamic acid is the conjugate acid of Glutamic acid, which acts as a fundamental metabolite. Comparing with the second phase of polymorphs α and β L-Glutamic acid, DL-Glutamic acid presents better stability[1]. DL-Glutamic acid is the conjugate acid of Glutamic acid, which acts as a fundamental metabolite. Comparing with the second phase of polymorphs α and β L-Glutamic acid, DL-Glutamic acid presents better stability[1].

   

Indole-3-acetylglutamic acid

(2S)-2-{[1-hydroxy-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethylidene]amino}pentanedioic acid

C15H16N2O5 (304.1059)


Indole-3-acetylglutamic acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as glutamic acid and derivatives. Glutamic acid and derivatives are compounds containing glutamic acid or a derivative thereof resulting from the reaction of glutamic acid at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. Indole-3-acetylglutamic acid is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Indole-3-acetylglutamic acid is a constituent of various plant species including soybean (Glycine max) and pulses.

   

Pemetrexed

(2R)-2-{[4-(2-{4-hydroxy-2-imino-1H,2H,7H-pyrrolo[2,3-D]pyrimidin-5-yl}ethyl)phenyl]formamido}pentanedioate

C20H21N5O6 (427.1492)


Pemetrexed is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a chemotherapy drug manufactured and marketed by Eli Lilly and Company. Its indications are the treatment of pleural mesothelioma as well as non-small cell lung cancer.Pemetrexed is an antifolate containing the pyrrolopyrimidine-based nucleus that exerts its antineoplastic activity by disrupting folate-dependent metabolic processes essential for cell replication. In vitro studies have shown that pemetrexed inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT), all folate-dependent enzymes involved in the de novo biosynthesis of thymidine and purine nucleotides. Pemetrexed is transported into cells by both the reduced folate carrier and membrane folate binding protein transport systems. Once in the cell, pemetrexed is converted to polyglutamate forms by the enzyme folylpolyglutamate synthetase. The polyglutamate forms are retained in cells and are inhibitors of TS and GARFT. Polyglutamation is a time- and concentration-dependent process that occurs in tumor cells and, to a lesser extent, in normal tissues. Polyglutamated metabolites have an increased intracellular half-life resulting in prolonged drug action in malignant cells.

   

Isovalerylglutamic acid

(2S)-2-[(1-Hydroxy-3-methylbutylidene)amino]pentanedioate

C10H17NO5 (231.1107)


Isovalerylglutamic acid is an unusual mtabolite that has been found in the urine of patients with Isovaleric Acidemia due to Isovaleryl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (OMMBID: The Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease, Ch.93: Branched Chain Organic Acidurias). and in Multiple acyl-Co A dehydrogenation deficiency (MADD) (PMID 6862997). Isovalerylglutamate is a biomarker for the consumption of cheese. Isovalerylglutamic acid is an unusual mtabolite that has been found in the urine of patients with Isovaleric Acidemia due to Isovaleryl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (OMMBID: The Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease, Ch.93: Branched Chain Organic Acidurias)

   

Fondaparinux sodium

(2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-6-{[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-6-{[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-carboxy-4-hydroxy-6-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-5-(sulfoamino)-2-[(sulfooxy)methyl]oxan-3-yl]oxy}-5-(sulfooxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-5-(sulfoamino)-4-(sulfooxy)-2-[(sulfooxy)methyl]oxan-3-yl]oxy}-3-{[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-(sulfoamino)-6-[(sulfooxy)methyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid

C31H53N3O49S8 (1506.9513)


Fondaparinux (Arixtra) is a synthetic pentasaccharide anticoagulant. Apart from the O-methyl group at the reducing end of the molecule, the identity and sequence of the five monomeric sugar units contained in fondaparinux is identical to a sequence of five monomeric sugar units that can be isolated after either chemical or enzymatic cleavage of the polymeric glycosaminoglycan heparin and heparan sulfate (HS). This monomeric sequence in heparin and HS is thought to form the high affinity binding site for the natural anti-coagulant factor, antithrombin III (ATIII). Binding of heparin/HS to ATIII has been shown to increase the anti-coagulant activity of antithrombin III 1000-fold. Fondaparinux potentiates the neutralizing action of ATIII on activated Factor X 300-fold. Fondaparinux may be used: to prevent venous thromboembolism in patients who have undergone orthopedic surgery of the lower limbs (e.g. hip fracture, hip replacement and knee surgery); to prevent VTE in patients undergoing abdominal surgery who are are at high risk of thromboembolic complications; in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pumonary embolism (PE); in the management of unstable angina (UA) and non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI); and in the management of ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011480 - Protease Inhibitors > D015842 - Serine Proteinase Inhibitors B - Blood and blood forming organs > B01 - Antithrombotic agents > B01A - Antithrombotic agents D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D000925 - Anticoagulants > D000991 - Antithrombins COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C263 - Anticoagulant Agent Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

   

2-Amino-3,4-dihydroxypentanedioic acid

2-amino-3,4-dihydroxypentanedioic acid

C5H9NO6 (179.043)


2-Amino-3,4-dihydroxypentanedioic acid is found in brassicas. 2-Amino-3,4-dihydroxypentanedioic acid is isolated from Lepidium sativum (garden cress) and Rheum rhaponticum (rhubarb D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018846 - Excitatory Amino Acids

   

Phenylacetylglutamate

(2S)-2-[(1-Hydroxy-2-phenylethylidene)amino]pentanedioate

C13H15NO5 (265.095)


N-Phenylacetylglutamic acid belongs to the family of N-acyl-alpha Amino Acids and Derivatives. These are compounds containing an alpha amino acid which bears an acyl group at his terminal nitrogen atom.

   

Glutamic acid gamma-methyl ester

4(S)-Carboxy-4-aminobutanoic acid methyl ester

C6H11NO4 (161.0688)


Glutamate gamma-methyl ester, also known as L-Glutamic acid 5-methyl ester or g-methyl-L-glutamate (CAS# 1499-55-4) is a white amorphous powder and soluble in water. Its melting point is 182 degree Celsius and should be stored at 2-8 degree Celsius Glutamic acid gamma-methyl ester has been identified in the human placenta (PMID: 32033212).

   

N-carbamoylglutamic Acid

2-[(C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl)amino]pentanedioic acid

C6H10N2O5 (190.059)


N-carbamoylglutamic Acid, also known as N-Carbamoylglutamate, is classified as a glutamic acid or a Glutamic acid derivative. Glutamic acids are compounds containing glutamic acid or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of glutamic acid at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. N-carbamoylglutamic Acid is considered to be soluble (in water) and acidic

   

N-Nervonoyl Valine

(2S)-2-{[3-carboxy-2-(carboxymethyl)-1,2-dihydroxypropylidene]amino}pentanedioate

C29H55NO3 (465.4182)


N-nervonoyl valine, also known as beta-citrylglutamate or b-citrylglutamic acid belongs to the class of compounds known as N-acylamides. These are molecules characterized by a fatty acyl group linked to a primary amine by an amide bond. More specifically, it is a Nervonic acid amide of Valine. It is believed that there are more than 800 types of N-acylamides in the human body. N-acylamides fall into several categories: amino acid conjugates (e.g., those acyl amides conjugated with amino acids), neurotransmitter conjugates (e.g., those acylamides conjugated with neurotransmitters), ethanolamine conjugates (e.g., those acylamides conjugated to ethanolamine), and taurine conjugates (e.g., those acyamides conjugated to taurine). N-Nervonoyl Valine is an amino acid conjugate. N-acylamides can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain N-acylamides; 2) medium-chain N-acylamides; 3) long-chain N-acylamides; and 4) very long-chain N-acylamides; 5) hydroxy N-acylamides; 6) branched chain N-acylamides; 7) unsaturated N-acylamides; 8) dicarboxylic N-acylamides and 9) miscellaneous N-acylamides. N-Nervonoyl Valine is therefore classified as a very long chain N-acylamide. N-acyl amides have a variety of signaling functions in physiology, including in cardiovascular activity, metabolic homeostasis, memory, cognition, pain, motor control and others (PMID: 15655504). N-acyl amides have also been shown to play a role in cell migration, inflammation and certain pathological conditions such as diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and obesity (PMID: 23144998; PMID: 25136293; PMID: 28854168).N-acyl amides can be synthesized both endogenously and by gut microbiota (PMID: 28854168). N-acylamides can be biosynthesized via different routes, depending on the parent amine group. N-acyl ethanolamines (NAEs) are formed via the hydrolysis of an unusual phospholipid precursor, N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE), by a specific phospholipase D. N-acyl amino acids are synthesized via a circulating peptidase M20 domain containing 1 (PM20D1), which can catalyze the bidirectional the condensation and hydrolysis of a variety of N-acyl amino acids. The degradation of N-acylamides is largely mediated by an enzyme called fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), which catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-acylamides into fatty acids and the biogenic amines. Many N-acylamides are involved in lipid signaling system through interactions with transient receptor potential channels (TRP). TRP channel proteins interact with N-acyl amides such as N-arachidonoyl ethanolamide (Anandamide), N-arachidonoyl dopamine and others in an opportunistic fashion (PMID: 23178153). This signaling system has been shown to play a role in the physiological processes involved in inflammation (PMID: 25136293). Other N-acyl amides, including N-oleoyl-glutamine, have also been characterized as TRP channel antagonists (PMID: 29967167). N-acylamides have also been shown to have G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) binding activity (PMID: 28854168). The study of N-acylamides is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel N-acylamides will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered for these molecules.

   

N-Palmitoyl Glutamic acid

2-hexadecanamidopentanedioic acid

C21H39NO5 (385.2828)


N-palmitoyl glutamic acid, also known as N-palmitoyl glutamate belongs to the class of compounds known as N-acylamides. These are molecules characterized by a fatty acyl group linked to a primary amine by an amide bond. More specifically, it is a Palmitic acid amide of Glutamic acid. It is believed that there are more than 800 types of N-acylamides in the human body. N-acylamides fall into several categories: amino acid conjugates (e.g., those acyl amides conjugated with amino acids), neurotransmitter conjugates (e.g., those acylamides conjugated with neurotransmitters), ethanolamine conjugates (e.g., those acylamides conjugated to ethanolamine), and taurine conjugates (e.g., those acyamides conjugated to taurine). N-Palmitoyl Glutamic acid is an amino acid conjugate. N-acylamides can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain N-acylamides; 2) medium-chain N-acylamides; 3) long-chain N-acylamides; and 4) very long-chain N-acylamides; 5) hydroxy N-acylamides; 6) branched chain N-acylamides; 7) unsaturated N-acylamides; 8) dicarboxylic N-acylamides and 9) miscellaneous N-acylamides. N-Palmitoyl Glutamic acid is therefore classified as a long chain N-acylamide. N-acyl amides have a variety of signaling functions in physiology, including in cardiovascular activity, metabolic homeostasis, memory, cognition, pain, motor control and others (PMID: 15655504). N-acyl amides have also been shown to play a role in cell migration, inflammation and certain pathological conditions such as diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and obesity (PMID: 23144998; PMID: 25136293; PMID: 28854168).N-acyl amides can be synthesized both endogenously and by gut microbiota (PMID: 28854168). N-acylamides can be biosynthesized via different routes, depending on the parent amine group. N-acyl ethanolamines (NAEs) are formed via the hydrolysis of an unusual phospholipid precursor, N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE), by a specific phospholipase D. N-acyl amino acids are synthesized via a circulating peptidase M20 domain containing 1 (PM20D1), which can catalyze the bidirectional the condensation and hydrolysis of a variety of N-acyl amino acids. The degradation of N-acylamides is largely mediated by an enzyme called fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), which catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-acylamides into fatty acids and the biogenic amines. Many N-acylamides are involved in lipid signaling system through interactions with transient receptor potential channels (TRP). TRP channel proteins interact with N-acyl amides such as N-arachidonoyl ethanolamide (Anandamide), N-arachidonoyl dopamine and others in an opportunistic fashion (PMID: 23178153). This signaling system has been shown to play a role in the physiological processes involved in inflammation (PMID: 25136293). Other N-acyl amides, including N-oleoyl-glutamine, have also been characterized as TRP channel antagonists (PMID: 29967167). N-acylamides have also been shown to have G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) binding activity (PMID: 28854168). The study of N-acylamides is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel N-acylamides will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered for these molecules.

   

N-Stearoyl Glutamic acid

2-[(1-Hydroxyoctadecylidene)amino]pentanedioate

C23H43NO5 (413.3141)


N-stearoyl glutamic acid, also known as N-stearoyl glutamate belongs to the class of compounds known as N-acylamides. These are molecules characterized by a fatty acyl group linked to a primary amine by an amide bond. More specifically, it is a Stearic acid amide of Glutamic acid. It is believed that there are more than 800 types of N-acylamides in the human body. N-acylamides fall into several categories: amino acid conjugates (e.g., those acyl amides conjugated with amino acids), neurotransmitter conjugates (e.g., those acylamides conjugated with neurotransmitters), ethanolamine conjugates (e.g., those acylamides conjugated to ethanolamine), and taurine conjugates (e.g., those acyamides conjugated to taurine). N-Stearoyl Glutamic acid is an amino acid conjugate. N-acylamides can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain N-acylamides; 2) medium-chain N-acylamides; 3) long-chain N-acylamides; and 4) very long-chain N-acylamides; 5) hydroxy N-acylamides; 6) branched chain N-acylamides; 7) unsaturated N-acylamides; 8) dicarboxylic N-acylamides and 9) miscellaneous N-acylamides. N-Stearoyl Glutamic acid is therefore classified as a long chain N-acylamide. N-acyl amides have a variety of signaling functions in physiology, including in cardiovascular activity, metabolic homeostasis, memory, cognition, pain, motor control and others (PMID: 15655504). N-acyl amides have also been shown to play a role in cell migration, inflammation and certain pathological conditions such as diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and obesity (PMID: 23144998; PMID: 25136293; PMID: 28854168).N-acyl amides can be synthesized both endogenously and by gut microbiota (PMID: 28854168). N-acylamides can be biosynthesized via different routes, depending on the parent amine group. N-acyl ethanolamines (NAEs) are formed via the hydrolysis of an unusual phospholipid precursor, N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE), by a specific phospholipase D. N-acyl amino acids are synthesized via a circulating peptidase M20 domain containing 1 (PM20D1), which can catalyze the bidirectional the condensation and hydrolysis of a variety of N-acyl amino acids. The degradation of N-acylamides is largely mediated by an enzyme called fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), which catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-acylamides into fatty acids and the biogenic amines. Many N-acylamides are involved in lipid signaling system through interactions with transient receptor potential channels (TRP). TRP channel proteins interact with N-acyl amides such as N-arachidonoyl ethanolamide (Anandamide), N-arachidonoyl dopamine and others in an opportunistic fashion (PMID: 23178153). This signaling system has been shown to play a role in the physiological processes involved in inflammation (PMID: 25136293). Other N-acyl amides, including N-oleoyl-glutamine, have also been characterized as TRP channel antagonists (PMID: 29967167). N-acylamides have also been shown to have G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) binding activity (PMID: 28854168). The study of N-acylamides is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel N-acylamides will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered for these molecules.

   

N-Oleoyl Glutamic acid

2-[(1-Hydroxyoctadec-9-en-1-ylidene)amino]pentanedioate

C23H41NO5 (411.2985)


N-oleoyl glutamic acid, also known as N-oleoyl glutamate belongs to the class of compounds known as N-acylamides. These are molecules characterized by a fatty acyl group linked to a primary amine by an amide bond. More specifically, it is an Oleic acid amide of Glutamic acid. It is believed that there are more than 800 types of N-acylamides in the human body. N-acylamides fall into several categories: amino acid conjugates (e.g., those acyl amides conjugated with amino acids), neurotransmitter conjugates (e.g., those acylamides conjugated with neurotransmitters), ethanolamine conjugates (e.g., those acylamides conjugated to ethanolamine), and taurine conjugates (e.g., those acyamides conjugated to taurine). N-Oleoyl Glutamic acid is an amino acid conjugate. N-acylamides can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain N-acylamides; 2) medium-chain N-acylamides; 3) long-chain N-acylamides; and 4) very long-chain N-acylamides; 5) hydroxy N-acylamides; 6) branched chain N-acylamides; 7) unsaturated N-acylamides; 8) dicarboxylic N-acylamides and 9) miscellaneous N-acylamides. N-Oleoyl Glutamic acid is therefore classified as a long chain N-acylamide. N-acyl amides have a variety of signaling functions in physiology, including in cardiovascular activity, metabolic homeostasis, memory, cognition, pain, motor control and others (PMID: 15655504). N-acyl amides have also been shown to play a role in cell migration, inflammation and certain pathological conditions such as diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and obesity (PMID: 23144998; PMID: 25136293; PMID: 28854168).N-acyl amides can be synthesized both endogenously and by gut microbiota (PMID: 28854168). N-acylamides can be biosynthesized via different routes, depending on the parent amine group. N-acyl ethanolamines (NAEs) are formed via the hydrolysis of an unusual phospholipid precursor, N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE), by a specific phospholipase D. N-acyl amino acids are synthesized via a circulating peptidase M20 domain containing 1 (PM20D1), which can catalyze the bidirectional the condensation and hydrolysis of a variety of N-acyl amino acids. The degradation of N-acylamides is largely mediated by an enzyme called fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), which catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-acylamides into fatty acids and the biogenic amines. Many N-acylamides are involved in lipid signaling system through interactions with transient receptor potential channels (TRP). TRP channel proteins interact with N-acyl amides such as N-arachidonoyl ethanolamide (Anandamide), N-arachidonoyl dopamine and others in an opportunistic fashion (PMID: 23178153). This signaling system has been shown to play a role in the physiological processes involved in inflammation (PMID: 25136293). Other N-acyl amides, including N-oleoyl-glutamine, have also been characterized as TRP channel antagonists (PMID: 29967167). N-acylamides have also been shown to have G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) binding activity (PMID: 28854168). The study of N-acylamides is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel N-acylamides will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered for these molecules.

   

N-Linoleoyl Glutamic acid

2-[(1-Hydroxyoctadeca-9,12-dien-1-ylidene)amino]pentanedioate

C23H39NO5 (409.2828)


N-linoleoyl glutamic acid, also known as N-linoleoyl glutamate belongs to the class of compounds known as N-acylamides. These are molecules characterized by a fatty acyl group linked to a primary amine by an amide bond. More specifically, it is a Linoleic acid amide of Glutamic acid. It is believed that there are more than 800 types of N-acylamides in the human body. N-acylamides fall into several categories: amino acid conjugates (e.g., those acyl amides conjugated with amino acids), neurotransmitter conjugates (e.g., those acylamides conjugated with neurotransmitters), ethanolamine conjugates (e.g., those acylamides conjugated to ethanolamine), and taurine conjugates (e.g., those acyamides conjugated to taurine). N-Linoleoyl Glutamic acid is an amino acid conjugate. N-acylamides can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain N-acylamides; 2) medium-chain N-acylamides; 3) long-chain N-acylamides; and 4) very long-chain N-acylamides; 5) hydroxy N-acylamides; 6) branched chain N-acylamides; 7) unsaturated N-acylamides; 8) dicarboxylic N-acylamides and 9) miscellaneous N-acylamides. N-Linoleoyl Glutamic acid is therefore classified as a long chain N-acylamide. N-acyl amides have a variety of signaling functions in physiology, including in cardiovascular activity, metabolic homeostasis, memory, cognition, pain, motor control and others (PMID: 15655504). N-acyl amides have also been shown to play a role in cell migration, inflammation and certain pathological conditions such as diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and obesity (PMID: 23144998; PMID: 25136293; PMID: 28854168).N-acyl amides can be synthesized both endogenously and by gut microbiota (PMID: 28854168). N-acylamides can be biosynthesized via different routes, depending on the parent amine group. N-acyl ethanolamines (NAEs) are formed via the hydrolysis of an unusual phospholipid precursor, N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE), by a specific phospholipase D. N-acyl amino acids are synthesized via a circulating peptidase M20 domain containing 1 (PM20D1), which can catalyze the bidirectional the condensation and hydrolysis of a variety of N-acyl amino acids. The degradation of N-acylamides is largely mediated by an enzyme called fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), which catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-acylamides into fatty acids and the biogenic amines. Many N-acylamides are involved in lipid signaling system through interactions with transient receptor potential channels (TRP). TRP channel proteins interact with N-acyl amides such as N-arachidonoyl ethanolamide (Anandamide), N-arachidonoyl dopamine and others in an opportunistic fashion (PMID: 23178153). This signaling system has been shown to play a role in the physiological processes involved in inflammation (PMID: 25136293). Other N-acyl amides, including N-oleoyl-glutamine, have also been characterized as TRP channel antagonists (PMID: 29967167). N-acylamides have also been shown to have G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) binding activity (PMID: 28854168). The study of N-acylamides is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel N-acylamides will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered for these molecules.

   

N-Arachidonoyl Glutamic acid

2-[(1-Hydroxyicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraen-1-ylidene)amino]pentanedioate

C25H39NO5 (433.2828)


N-arachidonoyl glutamic acid, also known as N-arachidonoyl glutamate belongs to the class of compounds known as N-acylamides. These are molecules characterized by a fatty acyl group linked to a primary amine by an amide bond. More specifically, it is an Arachidonic acid amide of Glutamic acid. It is believed that there are more than 800 types of N-acylamides in the human body. N-acylamides fall into several categories: amino acid conjugates (e.g., those acyl amides conjugated with amino acids), neurotransmitter conjugates (e.g., those acylamides conjugated with neurotransmitters), ethanolamine conjugates (e.g., those acylamides conjugated to ethanolamine), and taurine conjugates (e.g., those acyamides conjugated to taurine). N-Arachidonoyl Glutamic acid is an amino acid conjugate. N-acylamides can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain N-acylamides; 2) medium-chain N-acylamides; 3) long-chain N-acylamides; and 4) very long-chain N-acylamides; 5) hydroxy N-acylamides; 6) branched chain N-acylamides; 7) unsaturated N-acylamides; 8) dicarboxylic N-acylamides and 9) miscellaneous N-acylamides. N-Arachidonoyl Glutamic acid is therefore classified as a long chain N-acylamide. N-acyl amides have a variety of signaling functions in physiology, including in cardiovascular activity, metabolic homeostasis, memory, cognition, pain, motor control and others (PMID: 15655504). N-acyl amides have also been shown to play a role in cell migration, inflammation and certain pathological conditions such as diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and obesity (PMID: 23144998; PMID: 25136293; PMID: 28854168).N-acyl amides can be synthesized both endogenously and by gut microbiota (PMID: 28854168). N-acylamides can be biosynthesized via different routes, depending on the parent amine group. N-acyl ethanolamines (NAEs) are formed via the hydrolysis of an unusual phospholipid precursor, N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE), by a specific phospholipase D. N-acyl amino acids are synthesized via a circulating peptidase M20 domain containing 1 (PM20D1), which can catalyze the bidirectional the condensation and hydrolysis of a variety of N-acyl amino acids. The degradation of N-acylamides is largely mediated by an enzyme called fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), which catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-acylamides into fatty acids and the biogenic amines. Many N-acylamides are involved in lipid signaling system through interactions with transient receptor potential channels (TRP). TRP channel proteins interact with N-acyl amides such as N-arachidonoyl ethanolamide (Anandamide), N-arachidonoyl dopamine and others in an opportunistic fashion (PMID: 23178153). This signaling system has been shown to play a role in the physiological processes involved in inflammation (PMID: 25136293). Other N-acyl amides, including N-oleoyl-glutamine, have also been characterized as TRP channel antagonists (PMID: 29967167). N-acylamides have also been shown to have G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) binding activity (PMID: 28854168). The study of N-acylamides is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel N-acylamides will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered for these molecules.

   

N-Docosahexaenoyl Glutamic acid

2-[(1-Hydroxydocosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaen-1-ylidene)amino]pentanedioate

C27H39NO5 (457.2828)


N-docosahexaenoyl glutamic acid belongs to the class of compounds known as N-acylamides. These are molecules characterized by a fatty acyl group linked to a primary amine by an amide bond. More specifically, it is a Docosahexaenoyl amide of Glutamic acid. It is believed that there are more than 800 types of N-acylamides in the human body. N-acylamides fall into several categories: amino acid conjugates (e.g., those acyl amides conjugated with amino acids), neurotransmitter conjugates (e.g., those acylamides conjugated with neurotransmitters), ethanolamine conjugates (e.g., those acylamides conjugated to ethanolamine), and taurine conjugates (e.g., those acyamides conjugated to taurine). N-Docosahexaenoyl Glutamic acid is an amino acid conjugate. N-acylamides can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain N-acylamides; 2) medium-chain N-acylamides; 3) long-chain N-acylamides; and 4) very long-chain N-acylamides; 5) hydroxy N-acylamides; 6) branched chain N-acylamides; 7) unsaturated N-acylamides; 8) dicarboxylic N-acylamides and 9) miscellaneous N-acylamides. N-Docosahexaenoyl Glutamic acid is therefore classified as a very long chain N-acylamide. N-acyl amides have a variety of signaling functions in physiology, including in cardiovascular activity, metabolic homeostasis, memory, cognition, pain, motor control and others (PMID: 15655504). N-acyl amides have also been shown to play a role in cell migration, inflammation and certain pathological conditions such as diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and obesity (PMID: 23144998; PMID: 25136293; PMID: 28854168).N-acyl amides can be synthesized both endogenously and by gut microbiota (PMID: 28854168). N-acylamides can be biosynthesized via different routes, depending on the parent amine group. N-acyl ethanolamines (NAEs) are formed via the hydrolysis of an unusual phospholipid precursor, N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE), by a specific phospholipase D. N-acyl amino acids are synthesized via a circulating peptidase M20 domain containing 1 (PM20D1), which can catalyze the bidirectional the condensation and hydrolysis of a variety of N-acyl amino acids. The degradation of N-acylamides is largely mediated by an enzyme called fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), which catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-acylamides into fatty acids and the biogenic amines. Many N-acylamides are involved in lipid signaling system through interactions with transient receptor potential channels (TRP). TRP channel proteins interact with N-acyl amides such as N-arachidonoyl ethanolamide (Anandamide), N-arachidonoyl dopamine and others in an opportunistic fashion (PMID: 23178153). This signaling system has been shown to play a role in the physiological processes involved in inflammation (PMID: 25136293). Other N-acyl amides, including N-oleoyl-glutamine, have also been characterized as TRP channel antagonists (PMID: 29967167). N-acylamides have also been shown to have G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) binding activity (PMID: 28854168). The study of N-acylamides is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel N-acylamides will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered for these molecules.

   

N-Lauroyl Glutamic acid

2-dodecanamidopentanedioic acid

C17H31NO5 (329.2202)


N-lauroyl glutamic acid, also known as N-lauroyl glutamate belongs to the class of compounds known as N-acylamides. These are molecules characterized by a fatty acyl group linked to a primary amine by an amide bond. More specifically, it is a Lauric acid amide of Glutamic acid. It is believed that there are more than 800 types of N-acylamides in the human body. N-acylamides fall into several categories: amino acid conjugates (e.g., those acyl amides conjugated with amino acids), neurotransmitter conjugates (e.g., those acylamides conjugated with neurotransmitters), ethanolamine conjugates (e.g., those acylamides conjugated to ethanolamine), and taurine conjugates (e.g., those acyamides conjugated to taurine). N-Lauroyl Glutamic acid is an amino acid conjugate. N-acylamides can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain N-acylamides; 2) medium-chain N-acylamides; 3) long-chain N-acylamides; and 4) very long-chain N-acylamides; 5) hydroxy N-acylamides; 6) branched chain N-acylamides; 7) unsaturated N-acylamides; 8) dicarboxylic N-acylamides and 9) miscellaneous N-acylamides. N-Lauroyl Glutamic acid is therefore classified as a long chain N-acylamide. N-acyl amides have a variety of signaling functions in physiology, including in cardiovascular activity, metabolic homeostasis, memory, cognition, pain, motor control and others (PMID: 15655504). N-acyl amides have also been shown to play a role in cell migration, inflammation and certain pathological conditions such as diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and obesity (PMID: 23144998; PMID: 25136293; PMID: 28854168).N-acyl amides can be synthesized both endogenously and by gut microbiota (PMID: 28854168). N-acylamides can be biosynthesized via different routes, depending on the parent amine group. N-acyl ethanolamines (NAEs) are formed via the hydrolysis of an unusual phospholipid precursor, N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE), by a specific phospholipase D. N-acyl amino acids are synthesized via a circulating peptidase M20 domain containing 1 (PM20D1), which can catalyze the bidirectional the condensation and hydrolysis of a variety of N-acyl amino acids. The degradation of N-acylamides is largely mediated by an enzyme called fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), which catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-acylamides into fatty acids and the biogenic amines. Many N-acylamides are involved in lipid signaling system through interactions with transient receptor potential channels (TRP). TRP channel proteins interact with N-acyl amides such as N-arachidonoyl ethanolamide (Anandamide), N-arachidonoyl dopamine and others in an opportunistic fashion (PMID: 23178153). This signaling system has been shown to play a role in the physiological processes involved in inflammation (PMID: 25136293). Other N-acyl amides, including N-oleoyl-glutamine, have also been characterized as TRP channel antagonists (PMID: 29967167). N-acylamides have also been shown to have G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) binding activity (PMID: 28854168). The study of N-acylamides is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel N-acylamides will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered for these molecules.

   

N-Myristoyl Glutamic acid

2-[(1-Hydroxytetradecylidene)amino]pentanedioate

C19H35NO5 (357.2515)


N-myristoyl glutamic acid, also known as N-myristoyl glutamate belongs to the class of compounds known as N-acylamides. These are molecules characterized by a fatty acyl group linked to a primary amine by an amide bond. More specifically, it is a Myristic acid amide of Glutamic acid. It is believed that there are more than 800 types of N-acylamides in the human body. N-acylamides fall into several categories: amino acid conjugates (e.g., those acyl amides conjugated with amino acids), neurotransmitter conjugates (e.g., those acylamides conjugated with neurotransmitters), ethanolamine conjugates (e.g., those acylamides conjugated to ethanolamine), and taurine conjugates (e.g., those acyamides conjugated to taurine). N-Myristoyl Glutamic acid is an amino acid conjugate. N-acylamides can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain N-acylamides; 2) medium-chain N-acylamides; 3) long-chain N-acylamides; and 4) very long-chain N-acylamides; 5) hydroxy N-acylamides; 6) branched chain N-acylamides; 7) unsaturated N-acylamides; 8) dicarboxylic N-acylamides and 9) miscellaneous N-acylamides. N-Myristoyl Glutamic acid is therefore classified as a long chain N-acylamide. N-acyl amides have a variety of signaling functions in physiology, including in cardiovascular activity, metabolic homeostasis, memory, cognition, pain, motor control and others (PMID: 15655504). N-acyl amides have also been shown to play a role in cell migration, inflammation and certain pathological conditions such as diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and obesity (PMID: 23144998; PMID: 25136293; PMID: 28854168).N-acyl amides can be synthesized both endogenously and by gut microbiota (PMID: 28854168). N-acylamides can be biosynthesized via different routes, depending on the parent amine group. N-acyl ethanolamines (NAEs) are formed via the hydrolysis of an unusual phospholipid precursor, N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE), by a specific phospholipase D. N-acyl amino acids are synthesized via a circulating peptidase M20 domain containing 1 (PM20D1), which can catalyze the bidirectional the condensation and hydrolysis of a variety of N-acyl amino acids. The degradation of N-acylamides is largely mediated by an enzyme called fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), which catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-acylamides into fatty acids and the biogenic amines. Many N-acylamides are involved in lipid signaling system through interactions with transient receptor potential channels (TRP). TRP channel proteins interact with N-acyl amides such as N-arachidonoyl ethanolamide (Anandamide), N-arachidonoyl dopamine and others in an opportunistic fashion (PMID: 23178153). This signaling system has been shown to play a role in the physiological processes involved in inflammation (PMID: 25136293). Other N-acyl amides, including N-oleoyl-glutamine, have also been characterized as TRP channel antagonists (PMID: 29967167). N-acylamides have also been shown to have G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) binding activity (PMID: 28854168). The study of N-acylamides is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel N-acylamides will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered for these molecules.

   

(S)-Dimethyl 2-aminopentanedioate

Dimethyl 2-aminopentanedioic acid

C7H13NO4 (175.0845)


   

[3H]Pemetrexed

2-{[4-(2-{4-hydroxy-2-imino-1H,2H,7H-pyrrolo[2,3-D]pyrimidin-5-yl}ethyl)phenyl]formamido}pentanedioate

C20H21N5O6 (427.1492)


   

10-EdAM

2-({4-[1-(4-amino-2-imino-2,3-dihydropteridin-6-yl)butan-2-yl]phenyl}formamido)pentanedioate

C22H25N7O5 (467.1917)


   

10-Propargyl-5,8-dideazafolic acid

2-[(4-{[(2-amino-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinazolin-6-yl)methyl](prop-2-yn-1-yl)amino}phenyl)formamido]pentanedioic acid

C24H23N5O6 (477.1648)


   

S)-2-(5(((1,2-Dihydro-3-methyl-1-oxobenzo(F)quinazolin-9-YL)methyl)amino)1-oxo-2-isoindolinyl)glutaric acid

2-{5-[({3-methyl-1-oxo-1H,2H-benzo[f]quinazolin-9-yl}methyl)amino]-1-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-2-yl}pentanedioic acid

C27H24N4O6 (500.1696)


   

Mefox

2-({4-[({2-amino-8-methyl-4,9-dioxo-4H,6H,7H,8H,9H-pyrazino[1,2-a][1,3,5]triazin-7-yl}methyl)amino]phenyl}formamido)pentanedioic acid

C20H23N7O7 (473.1659)


   

Pentanoic acid, 5-(dipentylamino)-5-oxo-4-((3-quinolinylcarbonyl)amino)-, (R)-

4-(dipentylcarbamoyl)-4-[(quinolin-3-yl)formamido]butanoic acid

C25H35N3O4 (441.2627)


   

(2S)-2-[[5-[2-[(6S)-2-Amino-4-oxo-1,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrimido[5,4-b][1,4]thiazin-6-yl]ethyl]thiophene-2-carbonyl]amino]pentanedioic acid

2-{[5-(2-{2-amino-4-oxo-3H,4H,6H,7H,8H-pyrimido[5,4-b][1,4]thiazin-6-yl}ethyl)thiophen-2-yl]formamido}pentanedioic acid

C18H21N5O6S2 (467.0933)


   

Asparagine glutamate

4-amino-5-[(2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoyl)peroxy]-5-oxopentanoic acid

C9H15N3O7 (277.091)


   

N-Benzoyl-L-glutamic acid

2-{[hydroxy(phenyl)methylidene]amino}pentanedioate

C12H13NO5 (251.0794)


   

L-Glutamic acid, N-((((1S)-1-carboxy-5-((((4-iodophenyl)amino)carbonyl)amino)pentyl)amino)carbonyl)-

2-{[(1-carboxy-5-{[(4-iodophenyl)carbamoyl]amino}pentyl)carbamoyl]amino}pentanedioic acid

C19H25IN4O8 (564.0717)


   

4-((2-Chloroethyl)(2-mesyloxyethyl)amino)benzoylglutamic acid

2-({4-[(2-chloroethyl)[2-(methanesulfonyloxy)ethyl]amino]phenyl}formamido)pentanedioic acid

C17H23ClN2O8S (450.0864)


   

Creatine glutamate

4-amino-5-{[2-(N-methylcarbamimidamido)acetyl]peroxy}-5-oxopentanoic acid

C9H16N4O6 (276.107)


   

L-Glutamic acid 5-benzyl ester

2-amino-5-(benzyloxy)-5-oxopentanoic acid

C12H15NO4 (237.1001)


   

Dathf

2-{[4-(2-{4-hydroxy-2-imino-1H,2H,5H,6H,7H,8H-pyrido[2,3-D]pyrimidin-6-yl}ethyl)phenyl]formamido}pentanedioate

C21H25N5O6 (443.1805)


   

Dexloxiglumide

4-{[(3,4-dichlorophenyl)(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}-4-[(3-methoxypropyl)(pentyl)carbamoyl]butanoic acid

C21H30Cl2N2O5 (460.1532)


D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29701 - Anti-ulcer Agent C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C28197 - Antianxiety Agent Loxiglumide is a cholecystokinin (CCK-1) receptor antagonist.

   

Ethanol and folate

2-[(4-{[(2-amino-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl]amino}phenyl)formamido]-5-ethoxy-5-oxopentanoic acid

C21H23N7O6 (469.171)


   

Formyltetrahydrofolate

2-[(4-{[(2-amino-4-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3H-pteridin-6-yl)methyl]amino}phenyl)formamido]-5-(formyloxy)-5-oxopentanoic acid

C20H23N7O7 (473.1659)


   

gamma-Aminobutyric acid glutamate

4-amino-5-[(4-aminobutanoyl)oxy]-5-oxopentanoic acid

C9H16N2O5 (232.1059)


   

4-Amino-5-[[2-[[1-chloro-6-(diaminomethylideneamino)-2-oxohexan-3-yl]amino]acetyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid

4-amino-5-[2-({1-chloro-6-[(diaminomethylidene)amino]-2-oxohexan-3-yl}amino)acetamido]-5-oxopentanoic acid

C14H25ClN6O5 (392.1575)


   

Glucose-6-glutamate

4-amino-5-oxo-5-[(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxy-6-oxohexyl)oxy]pentanoic acid

C11H19NO9 (309.106)


   

Glutamic acid diethyl ester

Glutamic acid diethyl ester hydrochloride, (D)-isomer

C9H17NO4 (203.1158)


   

Glutamyl pyruvate

4-amino-5-oxo-5-[(2-oxopropanoyl)oxy]pentanoic acid

C8H11NO6 (217.0586)


   

Glycine glutamate

4-amino-5-[(2-aminoacetyl)peroxy]-5-oxopentanoic acid

C7H12N2O6 (220.0695)


   

isoleucine glutamate

4-amino-5-[(2-amino-3-methylpentanoyl)peroxy]-5-oxopentanoic acid

C11H20N2O6 (276.1321)


   

Ketotrexate

2-[(4-{[2-(2-amino-5-methyl-4-oxo-3,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydropteridin-6-yl)ethyl]amino}phenyl)formamido]pentanedioic acid

C21H27N7O6 (473.2023)


   

Lorglumide

4-{[(3,4-dichlorophenyl)(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}-4-(dipentylcarbamoyl)butanoic acid

C22H32Cl2N2O4 (458.1739)


D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29701 - Anti-ulcer Agent C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C28197 - Antianxiety Agent

   

methionine glutamate

4-amino-5-{[2-amino-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoyl]peroxy}-5-oxopentanoic acid

C10H18N2O6S (294.0886)


   

Monoglutamyl folate

5-[(2-amino-4-carboxybutanoyl)oxy]-2-[(4-{[(2-amino-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl]amino}phenyl)formamido]-5-oxopentanoic acid

C24H26N8O9 (570.1823)


   

N-(4-Acetamidobenzoyl)-L-glutamic acid

2-[(4-acetamidophenyl)formamido]pentanedioic acid

C14H16N2O6 (308.1008)


   

N-(4-Aminobenzoyl)-L-glutamic acid

2-[(4-aminophenyl)formamido]pentanedioic acid

C12H14N2O5 (266.0903)


   

n-formimidoyl-glutamic acid

2-[(aminomethylidene)amino]pentanedioic acid

C6H10N2O4 (174.0641)


   

N-Methacryloyl-L-glutamic acid

2-(2-Methylprop-2-enoylamino)pentanedioic acid

C9H13NO5 (215.0794)


   

(2S)-2-[Acetamido(benzoyl)amino]pentanedioic acid

2-(N'-benzoylacetohydrazido)pentanedioic acid

C14H16N2O6 (308.1008)


   

Pralatrexate

2-({4-[1-(4-amino-2-imino-2,3-dihydropteridin-6-yl)pent-4-yn-2-yl]phenyl}formamido)pentanedioate

C23H23N7O5 (477.1761)


   

Pralnacasan

N-{4-[(2-ethoxy-5-oxooxolan-3-yl)carbamoyl]-6,10-dioxo-hexahydro-1H-pyridazino[1,2-a][1,2]diazepin-7-yl}isoquinoline-1-carboxamide

C26H29N5O7 (523.2067)


   

Proglumide

4-(dipropylcarbamoyl)-4-{[hydroxy(phenyl)methylidene]amino}butanoic acid

C18H26N2O4 (334.1892)


A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A02 - Drugs for acid related disorders > A02B - Drugs for peptic ulcer and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (gord) C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29701 - Anti-ulcer Agent C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C28197 - Antianxiety Agent D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D000897 - Anti-Ulcer Agents Proglumide is a nonpeptide and orally active cholecystokinin (CCK)-A/B receptors antagonist. Proglumide selective blocks CCK’s effects in the central nervous system (CNS). Proglumide has ability to inhibit gastric secretion and to protect the gastroduodenal mucosa. Proglumide also has antiepileptic and antioxidant activities[1][2][3][4][5].

   

Proline glutamate

4-amino-5-oxo-5-(pyrrolidine-2-carbonylperoxy)pentanoic acid

C10H16N2O6 (260.1008)


   

2-[[4-[(2-Amino-4-oxo-3H-pteridin-6-yl)methylamino]benzoyl]amino]-5-methoxy-5-oxopentanoic acid

2-[(4-{[(2-amino-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl]amino}phenyl)formamido]-5-methoxy-5-oxopentanoic acid

C20H21N7O6 (455.1553)


   

(4S)-4-Amino-5-[(2R)-2-amino-3-sulfanylpropanoyl]oxy-5-oxopentanoic acid

(4S)-4-Amino-5-[(2R)-2-amino-3-sulphanylpropanoyl]oxy-5-oxopentanoic acid

C8H14N2O5S (250.0623)


   

2-[[4-[(2-Amino-1-methyl-4-oxo-2,3-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methylamino]benzoyl]amino]pentanedioic acid

2-[(4-{[(2-amino-1-methyl-4-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropteridin-6-yl)methyl]amino}phenyl)formamido]pentanedioic acid

C20H23N7O6 (457.171)


   

(2S)-2-Amino-5-[(2R)-2-amino-3-sulfanylpropanoyl]oxy-5-oxopentanoic acid

(2S)-2-Amino-5-[(2R)-2-amino-3-sulphanylpropanoyl]oxy-5-oxopentanoic acid

C8H14N2O5S (250.0623)


   

(2S)-2-[(2-Carboxy-2-oxoethyl)amino]pentanedioic acid

2-[(2-carboxy-2-oxoethyl)amino]pentanedioic acid

C8H11NO7 (233.0535)


   

Dicarbamoyl (2S)-2-aminopentanedioate

{[2-amino-5-(C-hydroxycarbonimidoyloxy)-5-oxopentanoyl]oxy}carboximidate

C7H11N3O6 (233.0648)


   

(2S)-2-Amino-5-aminooxy-5-oxopentanoic acid

2-amino-5-(aminooxy)-5-oxopentanoic acid

C5H10N2O4 (162.0641)


   

serine glutamate

4-amino-5-[(2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoyl)peroxy]-5-oxopentanoic acid

C8H14N2O7 (250.0801)


   

tryptophan glutamate

4-amino-5-{[2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoyl]peroxy}-5-oxopentanoic acid

C16H19N3O6 (349.1274)


   

3,5-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-6-methyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-, 3-ethyl 5-methyl ester

3-ethyl 5-methyl 2-[(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]-6-methyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate

C21H22N4O6 (426.1539)


   

N-(4-{[(6s)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-Oxo-4,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-1h-Cyclopenta[g]quinazolin-6-Yl](Prop-2-Yn-1-Yl)amino}benzoyl)-L-gamma-Glutamyl-D-Glutamic Acid

2-({4-carboxy-1-hydroxy-4-[(4-{[4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6H,7H,8H-cyclopenta[g]quinazolin-6-yl](prop-2-yn-1-yl)amino}phenyl)formamido]butylidene}amino)pentanedioate

C32H33N5O10 (647.2227)


   

Monosodium glutamate

Sodium 2-ammoniopentanedioic acid

C5H8NNaO4 (169.0351)


Food flavour enhancer. Monosodium glutamate, also known as sodium glutamate or MSG, is the sodium salt of glutamic acid, one of the most abundant naturally occurring non-essential amino acids. It has been classified by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) and by the European Union as a food additive. MSG has the HS code 29224220 and the E number E621. The glutamate of MSG confers the same umami taste of glutamate from other foods, being chemically identical. Industrial food manufacturers market and use MSG as a flavor enhancer because it balances, blends and rounds the total perception of other tastes. Trade names of monosodium glutamate include AJI-NO-MOTO®, Vetsin, and Accent. [Wikipedia]. Food flavour enhancer

   

indole-3-acetyl-glutamate

2-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)acetamido]pentanedioate

C15H14N2O5 (302.0903)


Indole-3-acetyl-glutamate is also known as iaa-glu or N-(indol-3-ylacetyl)glutamic acid(2-). Indole-3-acetyl-glutamate is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Indole-3-acetyl-glutamate can be found in a number of food items such as broccoli, cornmint, banana, and rapini, which makes indole-3-acetyl-glutamate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

   

N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate

4-[(1-Oxidoethylidene)amino]-5-oxo-5-(phosphonooxy)pentanoic acid

C7H10NO8P (267.0144)


N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate is soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate can be found in a number of food items such as tronchuda cabbage, guava, sweet rowanberry, and acorn, which makes N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

   

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

4-Carboxy-4-{[4-carboxy-4-({4-carboxy-4-[(4-{[(2-imino-4-oxido-1,2,5,6,7,8-hexahydropteridin-6-yl)methyl]amino}phenyl)formamido]-1-oxidobutylidene}amino)-1-oxidobutylidene]amino}butanoic acid

C29H33N9O12 (699.2249)


Tetrahydropteroyl tri-l-glutamate is practically insoluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Tetrahydropteroyl tri-l-glutamate can be found in a number of food items such as potato, sour cherry, spearmint, and asparagus, which makes tetrahydropteroyl tri-l-glutamate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

   

DIMBOA trihexose

4-Carboxy-2-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoic acid

C8H15NO4 (189.1001)


   

Glutamic acid-betaxanthin

(2S)-4-[(E)-2-{[(1S)-1,3-dicarboxypropyl]amino}ethenyl]-2,3-dihydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid

C14H16N2O8 (340.0907)