NCBI Taxonomy: 204151
Orthosiphon aristatus (ncbi_taxid: 204151)
found 225 associated metabolites at species taxonomy rank level.
Ancestor: Orthosiphon
Child Taxonomies: Orthosiphon aristatus var. aristatus
Rosmarinic acid
Rosmarinic acid is an ester of caffeic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid. It is commonly found in species of the Boraginaceae and the subfamily Nepetoideae of the Lamiaceae. It is a red-orange powder that is slightly soluble in water, but well soluble is most organic solvents. Rosmarinic acid is one of the polyphenolic substances contained in culinary herbs such as perilla (Perilla frutescens L.), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), sage (Salvia officinalis L.), mint (Mentha arvense L.), and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). These herbs are commonly grown in the garden as kitchen herbs, and while used to add flavor in cooking, are also known to have several potent physiological effects (PMID: 12482446, 15120569). BioTransformer predicts that rosmarinic acid is a product of methylrosmarinic acid metabolism via a hydrolysis-of-carboxylic-acid-ester-pattern1 reaction occurring in humans and human gut microbiota and catalyzed by the liver carboxylesterase 1 (P23141) enzyme (PMID: 30612223). (R)-rosmarinic acid is a stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid having (R)-configuration. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a geroprotector. It is a conjugate acid of a (R)-rosmarinate. It is an enantiomer of a (S)-rosmarinic acid. Rosmarinic acid is a natural product found in Dimetia scandens, Scrophularia scorodonia, and other organisms with data available. See also: Rosemary Oil (part of); Comfrey Root (part of); Holy basil leaf (part of) ... View More ... D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011480 - Protease Inhibitors > D015842 - Serine Proteinase Inhibitors D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D010975 - Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors Isolated from rosemary, mint, sage, thyme, lemon balm and other plants D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics A stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid having (R)-configuration. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Rosmarinic acid is a widespread phenolic ester compound in the plants. Rosmarinic acid inhibits MAO-A, MAO-B and COMT enzymes with IC50s of 50.1, 184.6 and 26.7 μM, respectively. Rosmarinic acid is a widespread phenolic ester compound in the plants. Rosmarinic acid inhibits MAO-A, MAO-B and COMT enzymes with IC50s of 50.1, 184.6 and 26.7 μM, respectively.
Ursolic acid
Ursolic acid is a ubiquitous triterpenoid in plant kingdom, medicinal herbs, and is an integral part of the human diet. During the last decade over 700 research articles have been published on triterpenoids research, reflecting tremendous interest and progress in our understanding of these compounds. This included the isolation and purification of these tritepernoids from various plants and herbs, the chemical modifications to make more effective and water soluble derivatives, the pharmacological research on their beneficial effects, the toxicity studies, and the clinical use of these triterpenoids in various diseases including anticancer chemotherapies. Ursolic acid (UA), a pentacyclic triterpene acid, has been isolated from many kinds of medicinal plants, such as Eriobotrya japonica, Rosmarinns officinalis, Melaleuca leucadendron, Ocimum sanctum and Glechoma hederaceae. UA has been reported to produce antitumor activities and antioxidant activity, and is reported to have an antioxidant activity. UA may play an important role in regulating the apoptosis induced by high glucose presumably through scavenging of ROS (reactive oxygen species). It has been found recently that ursolic acid treatment affects growth and apoptosis in cancer cells. (PMID: 15994040, 17516235, 17213663). Ursolic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is urs-12-en-28-oic acid substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a geroprotector. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a hydroxy monocarboxylic acid. It derives from a hydride of an ursane. Ursolic acid is a natural product found in Gladiolus italicus, Freziera, and other organisms with data available. Ursolic Acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid found in various fruits, vegetables and medicinal herbs, with a variety of potential pharmacologic activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antiviral, serum lipid-lowering, and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, ursolic acid may promote apoptosis and inhibit cancer cell proliferation through multiple mechanisms. This may include the regulation of mitochondrial function through various pathways including the ROCK/PTEN and p53 pathways, the suppression of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) pathways, and the increase in caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 activities. See also: Holy basil leaf (part of); Jujube fruit (part of); Lagerstroemia speciosa leaf (part of). D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is urs-12-en-28-oic acid substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C129839 - Apoptotic Pathway-targeting Antineoplastic Agent Found in wax of apples, pears and other fruits. V. widely distributed in plants D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors 3-Epiursolic Acid is a triterpenoid that can be isolated from Eriobotrya japonica, acts as a competitive inhibitor of cathepsin L (IC50, 6.5 μM; Ki, 19.5 μM), with no obvious effect on cathepsin B[1]. 3-Epiursolic Acid is a triterpenoid that can be isolated from Eriobotrya japonica, acts as a competitive inhibitor of cathepsin L (IC50, 6.5 μM; Ki, 19.5 μM), with no obvious effect on cathepsin B[1]. Ursolic acid (Prunol) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acid, exerts anti-tumor effects and is an effective compound for cancer prevention and therapy. Ursolic acid (Prunol) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acid, exerts anti-tumor effects and is an effective compound for cancer prevention and therapy.
Caffeic acid
Caffeic acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid that is cinnamic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4. It exists in cis and trans forms; the latter is the more common. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor, an EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor, an EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor, an antioxidant and an EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor. It is a hydroxycinnamic acid and a member of catechols. Caffeic Acid is a natural product found in Pavetta indica, Eupatorium cannabinum, and other organisms with data available. Caffeic Acid is an orally bioavailable, hydroxycinnamic acid derivative and polyphenol, with potential anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, caffeic acid acts as an antioxidant and prevents oxidative stress, thereby preventing DNA damage induced by free radicals. Caffeic acid targets and inhibits the histone demethylase (HDM) oncoprotein gene amplified in squamous cell carcinoma 1 (GASC1; JMJD2C; KDM4C) and inhibits cancer cell proliferation. GASC1, a member of the KDM4 subgroup of Jumonji (Jmj) domain-containing proteins, demethylates trimethylated lysine 9 and lysine 36 on histone H3 (H3K9 and H3K36), and plays a key role in tumor cell development. Caffeic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Black Cohosh (part of); Arctium lappa Root (part of); Comfrey Leaf (part of) ... View More ... 3,4-Dihydroxy-trans-cinnamate, also known as trans-Caffeate, is a polyphenol present in normal human urine positively correlated to coffee consumption and influenced by the dietary intake of diverse types of food (PMID:16870009). trans-Caffeic acid is found in many foods, some of which are flaxseed, cereal and cereal products, common grape, fruits, and common sage. It is also found in wine and coffee in free and conjugated forms. Caffeic acid (CAS: 331-39-5) is a polyphenol present in normal human urine positively correlated to coffee consumption and influenced by the dietary intake of diverse types of food (PMID:16870009). Caffeic acid has been found to be a microbial metabolite of Escherichia (PMID: 28396925). Caffeic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=331-39-5 (retrieved 2024-06-28) (CAS RN: 331-39-5). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO).
Nookatone
Nootkatone is a natural organic compound and is the most important and expensive aromatic of grapefruit. It is a sesquiterpene and a ketone. Nootkatone was previously thought to be one of the main chemical components of the smell and flavour of grapefruits. In its solid form it is usually found as crystals. As a liquid, it is viscous and yellow. Nootkatone is typically extracted from grapefruit, but can also be manufactured with genetically modified organisms, or through the chemical or biochemical oxidation of valencene. It is also found in Alaska yellow cedar trees and vetiver grass. (+)-nootkatone is a sesquiterpenoid that is 4,4a,5,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-2(3H)-one which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4 and 4a, and by an isopropenyl group at position 6 (the 4R,4aS,6R stereoisomer). It has a role as a plant metabolite, a fragrance and an insect repellent. It is a sesquiterpenoid, an enone and a carbobicyclic compound. Nootkatone is a natural product found in Teucrium asiaticum, Teucrium oxylepis, and other organisms with data available. Constituent of grapefruit oil and juice. Flavouring ingredient. Nootkatone is found in many foods, some of which are citrus, sweet orange, lime, and lemon. Nootkatone is an organic compound, a sesquiterpenoid, which means that it is a C15 derivative that also contains an oxygen-containing functional group (a ketone). It is the most valuable aroma compound of grapefruit.[2] Nootkatone was originally isolated from the wood of the Alaskan yellow cedar, Cupressus nootkatensis. The species name, nootkatensis, is derived from the language of the Nuu-Chah-Nulth people of Canada (formerly referred to as the Nootka people).[3] Nootkatone, a neuroprotective agent from Vitis vinifera, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects[1]. Nootkatone improves cognitive impairment in lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse model of Alzheimer's disease[2]. Nootkatone, a neuroprotective agent from Vitis vinifera, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects[1]. Nootkatone improves cognitive impairment in lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse model of Alzheimer's disease[2].
3,7-Dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol
3,7-Dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol, also known simply as linalool is a naturally occurring terpene alcohol. It belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acyclic monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenes that do not contain a cycle. Linalool has a role as a plant metabolite, a volatile oil component, an antimicrobial agent and a fragrance. There are two stereoisomers of Linalool ‚Äö√Ñ√¨ (S)-linalool and (R)-linalool. Linalool is used as a scent in 60\\\\\% to 80\\\\\% of perfumed hygiene products and cleaning agents including soaps, detergents, shampoos, and lotions. Linalool is also used by pest professionals as a flea, fruit fly, and cockroach insecticide. Linalool is found in more than 200 different species of plants, including many flowers and spice plants. (S)-linalool is found, for example, as a major constituent of the essential oils of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), cymbopogon (Cymbopogon martini var. martinii), and sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) flowers. (R)-linalool is present in lavender (Lavandula officinalis), bay laurel (Laurus nobilis), and sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum), among others. Linalool is also found in plants from the Lamiaceae family (mint and other herbs), Lauraceae (laurels, cinnamon, rosewood), Cinnamomum tamala, Solidago Meyen, Artemisia vulgaris (mugwort), Humulus lupulus. Linalool is also one of several monoterpenes that are found in cannabis plants (PMID:6991645 ). There are more than 140 known terpenes in cannabis and the combination of these terepenoids produces the skunky, fruity odor characteristic of C. savita. Like the majority of monoterpenes, linalool starts with the condensation of dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) and isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) to form geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP) (PMID:7640522 ). Linalool is then synthesized with the aid of linalool synthase (LIS) (PMID:12572612 ). Linalool has a citrus, floral, rose, woody aroma and a citrus, orange, waxy taste. Linalool is found in a few different foods and spices, such as spearmints, corianders, common thymes, limes, grapes, lemons, grapefruit, oranges, pineapples, blackcurrants, basil, and common oregano. This could make, Linalool a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Linalool is also synthesized, de novo, by yeast (C. cerevisiae) and may contribute to the floral tones found in some wines (PMID:15668008 ). Linalool is a monoterpenoid that is octa-1,6-diene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 7 and a hydroxy group at position 3. It has been isolated from plants like Ocimum canum. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a volatile oil component, an antimicrobial agent and a fragrance. It is a tertiary alcohol and a monoterpenoid. Linalool is a natural product found in Nepeta nepetella, Teucrium montanum, and other organisms with data available. 3,7-Dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Cinnamon Leaf Oil (part of); Clary Sage Oil (part of); Cannabis sativa subsp. indica top (part of) ... View More ... A monoterpenoid that is octa-1,6-diene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 7 and a hydroxy group at position 3. It has been isolated from plants like Ocimum canum. Flavouring agent. Widespread natural occurrence as the optically active and racemic forms in over 200 essential oilsand is) also present in numerous fruits. D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals Linalool is natural monoterpene in essential olis of coriander, acts as a competitive antagonist of Nmethyl d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, with anti-tumor, anti-cardiotoxicity activity[1].Linalool is a PPARα ligand that reduces plasma TG levels and rewires the hepatic transcriptome and plasma metabolome[2]. Linalool is a natural monoterpene which is a competitive NMDA receptor antagonist. Linalool is orally active and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Linalool has anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anxiolytic, antidepressant, anti-stress, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective and pulmonary protective activities[1][2][3][4][5]. Linalool is natural monoterpene in essential olis of coriander, acts as a competitive antagonist of Nmethyl d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, with anti-tumor, anti-cardiotoxicity activity[1].Linalool is a PPARα ligand that reduces plasma TG levels and rewires the hepatic transcriptome and plasma metabolome[2].
beta-Sitosterol
beta-Sitosterol, a main dietary phytosterol found in plants, may have the potential for prevention and therapy for human cancer. Phytosterols are plant sterols found in foods such as oils, nuts, and vegetables. Phytosterols, in the same way as cholesterol, contain a double bond and are susceptible to oxidation, and are characterized by anti-carcinogenic and anti-atherogenic properties (PMID:13129445, 11432711). beta-Sitosterol is a phytopharmacological extract containing a mixture of phytosterols, with smaller amounts of other sterols, bonded with glucosides. These phytosterols are commonly derived from the South African star grass, Hypoxis rooperi, or from species of Pinus and Picea. The purported active constituent is termed beta-sitosterol. Additionally, the quantity of beta-sitosterol-beta-D-glucoside is often reported. Although the exact mechanism of action of beta-sitosterols is unknown, it may be related to cholesterol metabolism or anti-inflammatory effects (via interference with prostaglandin metabolism). Compared with placebo, beta-sitosterol improved urinary symptom scores and flow measures (PMID:10368239). A plant food-based diet modifies the serum beta-sitosterol concentration in hyperandrogenic postmenopausal women. This finding indicates that beta-sitosterol can be used as a biomarker of exposure in observational studies or as a compliance indicator in dietary intervention studies of cancer prevention (PMID:14652381). beta-Sitosterol induces apoptosis and activates key caspases in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells (PMID:12579296). Sitosterol is a member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. It has a role as a sterol methyltransferase inhibitor, an anticholesteremic drug, an antioxidant, a plant metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a 3beta-sterol, a stigmastane sterol, a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid, a C29-steroid and a member of phytosterols. It derives from a hydride of a stigmastane. Active fraction of Solanum trilobatum; reduces side-effects of radiation-induced toxicity. Beta-Sitosterol is a natural product found in Elodea canadensis, Ophiopogon intermedius, and other organisms with data available. beta-Sitosterol is one of several phytosterols (plant sterols) with chemical structures similar to that of cholesterol. Sitosterols are white, waxy powders with a characteristic odor. They are hydrophobic and soluble in alcohols. beta-Sitosterol is found in many foods, some of which are ginseng, globe artichoke, sesbania flower, and common oregano. C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28178 - Phytosterol > C68437 - Unsaturated Phytosterol D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1]. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1].
Betulinic acid
Betulinic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is lupane having a double bond at position 20(29) as well as 3beta-hydroxy and 28-carboxy substituents. It is found in the bark and other plant parts of several species of plants including Syzygium claviflorum. It exhibits anti-HIV, antimalarial, antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory properties. It has a role as an EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor, an anti-HIV agent, an antimalarial, an anti-inflammatory agent, an antineoplastic agent and a plant metabolite. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a hydroxy monocarboxylic acid. It derives from a hydride of a lupane. Betulinic Acid has been used in trials studying the treatment of Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome. Betulinic acid is a natural product found in Ficus auriculata, Gladiolus italicus, and other organisms with data available. Betulinic Acid is a pentacyclic lupane-type triterpene derivative of betulin (isolated from the bark of Betula alba, the common white birch) with antiinflammatory, anti-HIV and antineoplastic activities. Betulinic acid induces apoptosis through induction of changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, production of reactive oxygen species, and opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores, resulting in the release of mitochondrial apogenic factors, activation of caspases, and DNA fragmentation. Although originally thought to exhibit specific cytotoxicity against melanoma cells, this agent has been found to be cytotoxic against non-melanoma tumor cell types including neuroectodermal and brain tumor cells. A lupane-type triterpene derivative of betulin which was originally isolated from BETULA or birch tree. It has anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV and antineoplastic activities. See also: Jujube fruit (part of); Paeonia lactiflora root (part of). Betulinic acid is found in abiyuch. Betulinic acid is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoid which has anti-retroviral, anti-malarial, and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as a more recently discovered potential as an anticancer agent, by inhibition of topoisomerase. It is found in the bark of several species of plants, principally the white birch (Betula pubescens) from which it gets its name, but also the Ber tree (Ziziphus mauritiana), the tropical carnivorous plants Triphyophyllum peltatum and Ancistrocladus heyneanus, Diospyros leucomelas a member of the persimmon family, Tetracera boiviniana, the jambul (Syzygium formosanum), flowering quince (Chaenomeles sinensis), Rosemary, and Pulsatilla chinensis. Controversial is a role of p53 in betulinic acid-induced apoptosis. Fulda suggested p53-independent mechanism of the apoptosis, basing on fact of no accumulation of wild-type p53 detected upon treatment with the betulinic acid, whereas wild-type p53 protein strongly increased after treatment with doxorubicin. The suggestion is supported by study of Raisova. On the other hand Rieber suggested that betulinic acid exerts its inhibitory effect on human metastatic melanoma partly by increasing p53 A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is lupane having a double bond at position 20(29) as well as 3beta-hydroxy and 28-carboxy substituents. It is found in the bark and other plant parts of several species of plants including Syzygium claviflorum. It exhibits anti-HIV, antimalarial, antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory properties. C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C2139 - Immunostimulant Betulinic acid is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, acts as a eukaryotic topoisomerase I inhibitor, with an IC50 of 5 μM, and possesses anti-HIV, anti-malarial, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties[1][2][3][4]. Betulinic acid is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, acts as a eukaryotic topoisomerase I inhibitor, with an IC50 of 5 μM, and possesses anti-HIV, anti-malarial, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties[1][2][3][4]. Epibetulinic acid exhibits potent inhibitory effects on NO and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in mouse macrophages (RAW 264.7) stimulated with bacterial endotoxin with IC50s of 0.7 and 0.6 μM, respectively. Anti-inflammatory activity[1].
Oleanolic acid
Oleanolic acid is a pentacyclic triterpene, found in the non-glyceride fraction of olive pomace oil (Olive pomace oil, also known as "orujo" olive oil, is a blend of refined-pomace oil and virgin olive oil, fit for human consumption). Pentacyclic triterpenes are natural compounds which are widely distributed in plants. These natural products have been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory properties. Triterpenoids have been reported to possess antioxidant properties, since they prevent lipid peroxidation and suppress superoxide anion generation. The triterpenes have a history of medicinal use in many Asian countries. Oleanolic acid exhibits both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties depending on chemical structure and dose and may be useful in modulating the immune response; further studies are required to confirm the immunomodulatory behaviour of this triterpenoid, and characterise the mechanisms underlying the biphasic nature of some aspects of the inflammatory response. Oleanolic acid is a ubiquitous triterpenoid in plant kingdom, medicinal herbs, and is an integral part of the human diet. During the last decade over 700 research articles have been published on triterpenoids research, reflecting tremendous interest and progress in our understanding of these compounds. This included the isolation and purification of these tritepernoids from various plants and herbs, the chemical modifications to make more effective and water soluble derivatives, the pharmacological research on their beneficial effects, the toxicity studies, and the clinical use of these triterpenoids in various diseases including anticancer chemotherapies. (PMID:17292619, 15522132, 15994040). Oleanolic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is olean-12-en-28-oic acid substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a hydroxy monocarboxylic acid. It is a conjugate acid of an oleanolate. It derives from a hydride of an oleanane. Oleanolic acid is a natural product found in Ophiopogon japonicus, Freziera, and other organisms with data available. A pentacyclic triterpene that occurs widely in many PLANTS as the free acid or the aglycone for many SAPONINS. It is biosynthesized from lupane. It can rearrange to the isomer, ursolic acid, or be oxidized to taraxasterol and amyrin. See also: Holy basil leaf (part of); Jujube fruit (part of); Paeonia lactiflora root (part of) ... View More ... Occurs as glycosides in cloves (Syzygium aromaticum), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), olive leaves, etc. Very widely distributed aglycone A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is olean-12-en-28-oic acid substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. [Raw Data] CBA90_Oleanolic-acid_neg_50eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA90_Oleanolic-acid_neg_20eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA90_Oleanolic-acid_neg_10eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA90_Oleanolic-acid_neg_30eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA90_Oleanolic-acid_neg_40eV.txt Oleanolic acid (Caryophyllin) is a natural compound from plants with anti-tumor activities. Oleanolic acid (Caryophyllin) is a natural compound from plants with anti-tumor activities.
beta-Carotene
Beta-carotene is a cyclic carotene obtained by dimerisation of all-trans-retinol. A strongly-coloured red-orange pigment abundant in plants and fruit and the most active and important provitamin A carotenoid. It has a role as a biological pigment, a provitamin A, a plant metabolite, a human metabolite, a mouse metabolite, a cofactor, a ferroptosis inhibitor and an antioxidant. It is a cyclic carotene and a carotenoid beta-end derivative. Beta-carotene, with the molecular formula C40H56, belongs to the group of carotenoids consisting of isoprene units. The presence of long chains of conjugated double bonds donates beta-carotene with specific colors. It is the most abundant form of carotenoid and it is a precursor of the vitamin A. Beta-carotene is composed of two retinyl groups. It is an antioxidant that can be found in yellow, orange and green leafy vegetables and fruits. Under the FDA, beta-carotene is considered as a generally recognized as safe substance (GRAS). Beta-Carotene is a natural product found in Epicoccum nigrum, Lonicera japonica, and other organisms with data available. Beta-Carotene is a naturally-occurring retinol (vitamin A) precursor obtained from certain fruits and vegetables with potential antineoplastic and chemopreventive activities. As an anti-oxidant, beta carotene inhibits free-radical damage to DNA. This agent also induces cell differentiation and apoptosis of some tumor cell types, particularly in early stages of tumorigenesis, and enhances immune system activity by stimulating the release of natural killer cells, lymphocytes, and monocytes. (NCI04) beta-Carotene is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC). See also: Lycopene (part of); Broccoli (part of); Lycium barbarum fruit (part of). Beta-Carotene belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carotenes. These are a type of polyunsaturated hydrocarbon molecules containing eight consecutive isoprene units. Carotenes are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Beta-carotene is therefore considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Beta-carotene is a strongly coloured red-orange pigment abundant in fungi, plants, and fruits. It is synthesized biochemically from eight isoprene units and therefore has 40 carbons. Among the carotenes, beta-carotene is distinguished by having beta-rings at both ends of the molecule. Beta-Carotene is biosynthesized from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. It is the most common form of carotene in plants. In nature, Beta-carotene is a precursor (inactive form) to vitamin A. Vitamin A is produed via the action of beta-carotene 15,15-monooxygenase on carotenes. In mammals, carotenoid absorption is restricted to the duodenum of the small intestine and dependent on a class B scavenger receptor (SR-B1) membrane protein, which is also responsible for the absorption of vitamin E. One molecule of beta-carotene can be cleaved by the intestinal enzyme Beta-Beta-carotene 15,15-monooxygenase into two molecules of vitamin A. Beta-Carotene contributes to the orange color of many different fruits and vegetables. Vietnamese gac and crude palm oil are particularly rich sources, as are yellow and orange fruits, such as cantaloupe, mangoes, pumpkin, and papayas, and orange root vegetables such as carrots and sweet potatoes. Excess beta-carotene is predominantly stored in the fat tissues of the body. The most common side effect of excessive beta-carotene consumption is carotenodermia, a physically harmless condition that presents as a conspicuous orange skin tint arising from deposition of the carotenoid in the outermost layer of the epidermis. Yellow food colour, dietary supplement, nutrient, Vitamin A precursor. Nutriceutical with antioxidation props. beta-Carotene is found in many foods, some of which are summer savory, gram bean, sunburst squash (pattypan squash), and other bread product. A cyclic carotene obtained by dimerisation of all-trans-retinol. A strongly-coloured red-orange pigment abundant in plants and fruit and the most active and important provitamin A carotenoid. D - Dermatologicals > D02 - Emollients and protectives > D02B - Protectives against uv-radiation > D02BB - Protectives against uv-radiation for systemic use A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A11 - Vitamins > A11C - Vitamin a and d, incl. combinations of the two > A11CA - Vitamin a, plain D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins > D000072664 - Provitamins
Lutein
Lutein is a common carotenoid xanthophyll found in nature. Carotenoids are among the most common pigments in nature and are natural lipid-soluble antioxidants. Lutein is one of the two carotenoids (the other is zeaxanthin) that accumulate in the eye lens and macular region of the retina with concentrations in the macula greater than those found in plasma and other tissues. Lutein and zeaxanthin have identical chemical formulas and are isomers, but they are not stereoisomers. The main difference between them is in the location of a double bond in one of the end rings. This difference gives lutein three chiral centers whereas zeaxanthin has two. A relationship between macular pigment optical density, a marker of lutein and zeaxanthin concentration in the macula, and lens optical density, an antecedent of cataractous changes, has been suggested. The xanthophylls may act to protect the eye from ultraviolet phototoxicity via quenching reactive oxygen species and/or other mechanisms. Some observational studies have shown that generous intakes of lutein and zeaxanthin, particularly from certain xanthophyll-rich foods like spinach, broccoli, and eggs, are associated with a significant reduction in the risk for cataracts (up to 20\\\\\%) and age-related macular degeneration (up to 40\\\\\%). While the pathophysiology of cataract and age-related macular degeneration is complex and contains both environmental and genetic components, research studies suggest dietary factors including antioxidant vitamins and xanthophylls may contribute to a reduction in the risk of these degenerative eye diseases. Further research is necessary to confirm these observations (PMID: 11023002). Lutein is a carotenol. It has a role as a food colouring and a plant metabolite. It derives from a hydride of a (6R)-beta,epsilon-carotene. Lutein is an xanthophyll and one of 600 known naturally occurring carotenoids. Lutein is synthesized only by plants and like other xanthophylls is found in high quantities in green leafy vegetables such as spinach, kale and yellow carrots. In green plants, xanthophylls act to modulate light energy and serve as non-photochemical quenching agents to deal with triplet chlorophyll (an excited form of chlorophyll), which is overproduced at very high light levels, during photosynthesis. Lutein is a natural product found in Eupatorium cannabinum, Hibiscus syriacus, and other organisms with data available. Lutein is lutein (LOO-teen) is a oxygenated carotenoid found in vegetables and fruits. lutein is found in the macula of the eye, where it is believed to act as a yellow filter. Lutein acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells against the damaging effects of free radicals. A xanthophyll found in the major LIGHT-HARVESTING PROTEIN COMPLEXES of plants. Dietary lutein accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA. See also: Calendula Officinalis Flower (part of); Corn (part of); Chicken; lutein (component of) ... View More ... Pigment from egg yolk and leaves. Found in all higher plants. Nutriceutical with anticancer and antioxidation props. Potentially useful for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) of the eye Lutein A. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=127-40-2 (retrieved 2024-07-12) (CAS RN: 127-40-2). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Lutein (Xanthophyll) is a carotenoid with reported anti-inflammatory properties. A large body of evidence shows that lutein has several beneficial effects, especially on eye health[1]. Lutein exerts its biological activities, including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidase and anti-apoptosis, through effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS)[2][3]. Lutein is able to arrive in the brain and shows antidepressant-like and neuroprotective effects. Lutein is orally active[4]. Lutein (Xanthophyll) is a carotenoid with reported anti-inflammatory properties. A large body of evidence shows that lutein has several beneficial effects, especially on eye health[1]. Lutein exerts its biological activities, including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidase and anti-apoptosis, through effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS)[2][3]. Lutein is able to arrive in the brain and shows antidepressant-like and neuroprotective effects. Lutein is orally active[4].
beta-Elemene
(-)-beta-elemene is the (-)-enantiomer of beta-elemene that has (1S,2S,4R)-configuration. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent. beta-Elemene is a natural product found in Xylopia sericea, Eupatorium cannabinum, and other organisms with data available. Beta-elemene is one of the isomers of elemene, a lipid soluble sesquiterpene and the active component isolated from the Chinese medicinal herb Rhizoma zedoariae with potential antineoplastic and chemopreventive activities. Although the exact mechanism of action through which beta-elemene exerts its effect has yet to be fully elucidated, this agent appears to induce apoptosis through different mechanisms of action and induces cell cycle arrest at different stages based on the tumor cell type involved. Beta-elemene may sensitize cancer cells to other chemotherapeutic agents. See also: Cannabis sativa subsp. indica top (part of). Beta-elemene, also known as B-elemen or 2,4-diisopropenyl-1-methyl-1-vinylcyclohexane, is a member of the class of compounds known as elemane sesquiterpenoids. Elemane sesquiterpenoids are sesquiterpenoids with a structure based on the elemane skeleton. Elemane is a monocyclic compound consisting of a cyclohexane ring substituted with a methyl group, an ethyl group, and two 1-methylethyl groups at the 1-, 1-, 2-, and 4-position, respectively. Beta-elemene is a fresh, herbal, and waxy tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as lovage, anise, spearmint, and orange mint, which makes beta-elemene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Beta-elemene can be found primarily in saliva. beta-Elemene belongs to the class of organic compounds known as elemane sesquiterpenoids. These are sesquiterpenoids with a structure based on the elemane skeleton. Elemane is a monocyclic compound consisting of a cyclohexane ring substituted with a methyl group, an ethyl group, and two 1-methylethyl groups at the 1-, 1-, 2-, and 4-position, respectively. beta-Elemene can be found in herbs, spices, and root vegetables, which makes beta-elemene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. It is a constituent of sweet flag, juniper oils, and Mentha species. β-Elemene ((-)-β-Elemene; Levo-β-elemene) is isolated from natural plant Curcuma aromatica with an antitumor activity. β-Elemene can induce cell apoptosis. β-Elemene ((-)-β-Elemene; Levo-β-elemene) is isolated from natural plant Curcuma aromatica with an antitumor activity. β-Elemene can induce cell apoptosis.
beta-Cryptoxanthin
beta-Cryptoxanthin has been isolated from abalone, fish eggs, and many higher plants. beta-Cryptoxanthin is a major source of vitamin A, often second only to beta-carotene, and is present in fruits such as oranges, tangerines, and papayas (PMID: 8554331). Frequent intake of tropical fruits that are rich in beta-cryptoxanthin is associated with higher plasma beta-cryptoxanthin concentrations in Costa Rican adolescents. Papaya intake was the best food predictor of plasma beta-cryptoxanthin concentrations. Subjects that frequently consumed (i.e. greater or equal to 3 times/day) tropical fruits with at least 50 micro g/100 g beta-cryptoxanthin (e.g. papaya, tangerine, orange, watermelon) had twofold the plasma beta-cryptoxanthin concentrations of those with intakes of less than 4 times/week (PMID: 12368412). A modest increase in beta-cryptoxanthin intake, equivalent to one glass of freshly squeezed orange juice per day, is associated with a reduced risk of developing inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis (PMID: 16087992). Higher prediagnostic serum levels of total carotenoids and beta-cryptoxanthin were associated with lower smoking-related lung cancer risk in middle-aged and older men in Shanghai, China (PMID: 11440962). Consistent with inhibition of the lung cancer cell growth, beta-cryptoxanthin induced the mRNA levels of retinoic acid receptor beta (RAR-beta) in BEAS-2B cells, although this effect was less pronounced in A549 cells. Furthermore, beta-cryptoxanthin transactivated the RAR-mediated transcription activity of the retinoic acid response element. These findings suggest a mechanism of anti-proliferative action of beta-cryptoxanthin and indicate that beta-cryptoxanthin may be a promising chemopreventive agent against lung cancer (PMID: 16841329). Cryptoxanthin is a natural carotenoid pigment. It has been isolated from a variety of sources including the petals and flowers of plants in the genus Physalis, orange rind, papaya, egg yolk, butter, apples, and bovine blood serum. In a pure form, cryptoxanthin is a red crystalline solid with a metallic lustre. It is freely soluble in chloroform, benzene, pyridine, and carbon disulfide. In the human body, cryptoxanthin is converted into vitamin A (retinol) and is therefore considered a provitamin A. As with other carotenoids, cryptoxanthin is an antioxidant and may help prevent free radical damage to cells and DNA, as well as stimulate the repair of oxidative damage to DNA. Structurally, cryptoxanthin is closely related to beta-carotene, with only the addition of a hydroxyl group. It is a member of the class of carotenoids known as xanthophylls. Beta-cryptoxanthin is a carotenol that exhibits antioxidant activity. It has been isolated from fruits such as papaya and oranges. It has a role as a provitamin A, an antioxidant, a biomarker and a plant metabolite. It derives from a hydride of a beta-carotene. beta-Cryptoxanthin is a natural product found in Hibiscus syriacus, Cladonia gracilis, and other organisms with data available. A mono-hydroxylated xanthophyll that is a provitamin A precursor. See also: Corn (part of). A carotenol that exhibits antioxidant activity. It has been isolated from fruits such as papaya and oranges. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins > D000072664 - Provitamins
alpha-Carotene
alpha-Carotene belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carotenes. These are a type of unsaturated hydrocarbons containing eight consecutive isoprene units. They are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. alpha-Carotene is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. alpha-Carotene is one of the primary isomers of carotene. Plasma levels of alpha-carotene are positively associated with the detection rate of AFB1-DNA adducts in a dose-dependent manner, whereas plasma lycopene level was inversely related to the presence of the adducts in urine (PMID: 9214602). (6R)-beta,epsilon-carotene is an alpha-carotene. It is an enantiomer of a (6S)-beta,epsilon-carotene. alpha-Carotene is a natural product found in Hibiscus syriacus, Scandix stellata, and other organisms with data available. Widespread carotenoid, e.g. in carrots and palm oil. Has vitamin A activity but less than that of b-Carotene A cyclic carotene with a beta- and an epsilon-ring at opposite ends respectively. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids
2-Hexenal
(2E)-hexenal is a 2-hexenal in which the olefinic double bond has E configuration. It occurs naturally in a wide range of fruits, vegetables, and spices. It has a role as a flavouring agent, an antibacterial agent and a plant metabolite. 2-Hexenal is a natural product found in Lonicera japonica, Origanum sipyleum, and other organisms with data available. 2-Hexenal is a uremic toxin. Uremic toxins can be subdivided into three major groups based upon their chemical and physical characteristics: 1) small, water-soluble, non-protein-bound compounds, such as urea; 2) small, lipid-soluble and/or protein-bound compounds, such as the phenols and 3) larger so-called middle-molecules, such as beta2-microglobulin. Chronic exposure of uremic toxins can lead to a number of conditions including renal damage, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. 2-Hexenal is found in allspice. 2-Hexenal is used in perfumery and flavourings. 2-Hexenal belongs to the family of Medium-chain Aldehydes. These are An aldehyde with a chain length containing between 6 and 12 carbon atoms. 2-Hexenal (CAS: 505-57-7), also known as 2-hexenaldehyde or 3-propylacrolein, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain aldehydes. These are aldehydes with a chain length containing between 6 and 12 carbon atoms. Thus, 2-hexenal is considered to be a fatty aldehyde lipid molecule. Outside of the human body, 2-hexenal is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as corn, tea, and bilberries. 2-Hexenal has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as common wheat, ginkgo nuts, spearmints, sunflowers, and watermelons. This could make 2-hexenal a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. (E)-2-Hexenal is found in allspice. It is used in perfumery and flavouring. (E)-2-Hexenal has also been identified as a uremic toxin according to the European Uremic Toxin Working Group (PMID: 22626821). D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D006993 - Hypnotics and Sedatives D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018757 - GABA Modulators Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Trans-?2-?Hexenal can be used for the determination of low-molecular-weight carbonyl compounds which are reactive with biological nucleophiles in biological samples[1]. Trans-?2-?Hexenal can be used for the determination of low-molecular-weight carbonyl compounds which are reactive with biological nucleophiles in biological samples[1].
Vomifoliol
A fenchane monoterpenoid that is 3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one substituted by a hydroxy and a (1E)-3-hydroxybut-1-en-1-yl group at position 4. (6S,9R)-vomifoliol is a (6S)-vomifoliol with a R configuration for the hydroxy group at position 9. It has a role as a phytotoxin and a metabolite. It is an enantiomer of a (6R,9S)-vomifoliol. Vomifoliol is a natural product found in Sida acuta, Macrococculus pomiferus, and other organisms with data available. A (6S)-vomifoliol with a R configuration for the hydroxy group at position 9.
Phytol
Phytol, also known as trans-phytol or 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol, is a member of the class of compounds known as acyclic diterpenoids. Acyclic diterpenoids are diterpenoids (compounds made of four consecutive isoprene units) that do not contain a cycle. Thus, phytol is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Phytol is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Phytol can be found in a number of food items such as salmonberry, rose hip, malus (crab apple), and black raspberry, which makes phytol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Phytol can be found primarily in human fibroblasts tissue. Phytol is an acyclic diterpene alcohol that can be used as a precursor for the manufacture of synthetic forms of vitamin E and vitamin K1. In ruminants, the gut fermentation of ingested plant materials liberates phytol, a constituent of chlorophyll, which is then converted to phytanic acid and stored in fats. In shark liver it yields pristane . Phytol is a diterpenoid that is hexadec-2-en-1-ol substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 7, 11 and 15. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a schistosomicide drug and an algal metabolite. It is a diterpenoid and a long-chain primary fatty alcohol. Phytol is a natural product found in Elodea canadensis, Wendlandia formosana, and other organisms with data available. Phytol is an acyclic diterpene alcohol and a constituent of chlorophyll. Phytol is commonly used as a precursor for the manufacture of synthetic forms of vitamin E and vitamin K1. Furthermore, phytol also was shown to modulate transcription in cells via transcription factors PPAR-alpha and retinoid X receptor (RXR). Acyclic diterpene used in making synthetic forms of vitamin E and vitamin K1. Phytol is a natural linear diterpene alcohol which is used in the preparation of vitamins E and K1. It is also a decomposition product of chlorophyll. It is an oily liquid that is nearly insoluble in water, but soluble in most organic solvents. -- Wikipedia. A diterpenoid that is hexadec-2-en-1-ol substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 7, 11 and 15. C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28269 - Phytochemical Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Phytol ((E)?-?Phytol), a diterpene alcohol from chlorophyll widely used as a food additive and in medicinal fields, possesses promising antischistosomal properties. Phytol has antinociceptive and antioxidant activitiesas well as anti-inflammatory and antiallergic effects. Phytol has antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Staphylococcus aureus[1]. Phytol ((E)?-?Phytol), a diterpene alcohol from chlorophyll widely used as a food additive and in medicinal fields, possesses promising antischistosomal properties. Phytol has antinociceptive and antioxidant activitiesas well as anti-inflammatory and antiallergic effects. Phytol has antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Staphylococcus aureus[1].
alpha-Humulene
alpha-Humulene, also known as alpha-caryophyllene, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. These are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units. Thus, alpha-humulene is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. alpha-Humulene is found in allspice. alpha-Humulene is a constituent of many essential oils including hops (Humulus lupulus) and cloves (Syzygium aromaticum). (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene is the (1E,4E,8E)-isomer of alpha-humulene. Humulene is a natural product found in Nepeta nepetella, Teucrium montanum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Caryophyllene (related). α-Humulene is a main constituent of Tanacetum vulgare L. (Asteraceae) essential oil with anti-inflammation (IC50=15±2 μg/mL). α-Humulene inhibits COX-2 and iNOS expression[1]. α-Humulene is a main constituent of Tanacetum vulgare L. (Asteraceae) essential oil with anti-inflammation (IC50=15±2 μg/mL). α-Humulene inhibits COX-2 and iNOS expression[1].
Safranal
Safranal is found in fig. Safranal is a constituent of saffron (Crocus sativa). Safranal is a flavouring ingredient It is believed that safranal is a degradation product of the carotenoid zeaxanthin via the intermediacy of picrocrocin. Safranal is an effective anticonvulsant shown to act as an agonist at GABAA receptors. Safranal also exhibits high antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity, along with cytotoxicity towards cancer cells in vitro. It has also been shown to have antidepressant properties. Safranal is an organic compound isolated from saffron, the spice consisting of the stigmas of crocus flowers (Crocus sativus). It is the constituent primarily responsible for the aroma of saffron Safranal is a monoterpenoid formally derived from beta-cyclocitral by dehydrogenation. It is functionally related to a beta-cyclocitral. Safranal is a natural product found in Aspalathus linearis, Cistus creticus, and other organisms with data available. Constituent of saffron (Crocus sativa). Flavouring ingredient Safranal is an orally active main component of Saffron (Crocus sativus) and is responsible for the unique aroma of this spice. Safranal has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects and has the potential for Parkinson’s disease research[1]. Safranal is an orally active main component of Saffron (Crocus sativus) and is responsible for the unique aroma of this spice. Safranal has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects and has the potential for Parkinson’s disease research[1].
(+)-alpha-Pinene
alpha-Pinene (CAS: 80-56-8) is an organic compound of the terpene class and is one of two isomers of pinene. It is found in the oils of many species of many coniferous trees, notably the pine. It is also found in the essential oil of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis). Both enantiomers are known in nature. 1S,5S- or (-)-alpha-pinene is more common in European pines, whereas the 1R,5R- or (+)-alpha-isomer is more common in North America. The racemic mixture is present in some oils such as eucalyptus oil (Wikipedia). alpha-Pinene is an organic compound of the terpene class, one of two isomers of pinene. It is found in the oils of many species of many coniferous trees, notably the pine. It is also found in the essential oil of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis). Both enantiomers are known in nature; 1S,5S- or (-)-alpha-pinene is more common in European pines, whereas the 1R,5R- or (+)-alpha-isomer is more common in North America. The racemic mixture is present in some oils such as eucalyptus oil. (+)-alpha-pinene is the (+)-enantiomer of alpha-pinene. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a human metabolite. It is an enantiomer of a (-)-alpha-pinene. (+)-alpha-Pinene is a natural product found in Juniperus drupacea, Eucalyptus deglupta, and other organisms with data available. The (+)-enantiomer of alpha-pinene. (1R)-α-Pinene is a volatile monoterpene with antimicrobial activities. (1R)-α-Pinene reduces Bacillus cereus population growth, and exhibits repellent effects[1][2]. (1R)-α-Pinene is a volatile monoterpene with antimicrobial activities. (1R)-α-Pinene reduces Bacillus cereus population growth, and exhibits repellent effects[1][2].
(S)-3-Octanol
Present in Mentha subspecies oils, sage, soybeans, porcini (Boletus edulis), wines and other foodstuffs. Flavouring agent. 3-Octanol is found in many foods, some of which are mushrooms, soy bean, rosemary, and alcoholic beverages. 3-Octanol is found in alcoholic beverages. 3-Octanol is present in Mentha species oils, sage, soybeans, porcini (Boletus edulis), wines and other foodstuffs. 3-Octanol is a flavouring agent
Sinensetin
Sinensetin is a pentamethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 5, 6, 7, 3 and 4 respectively. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is functionally related to a flavone. Sinensetin is a natural product found in Citrus tankan, Citrus keraji, and other organisms with data available. See also: Tangerine peel (part of); Citrus aurantium fruit rind (part of). A pentamethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 5, 6, 7, 3 and 4 respectively. Sinensetin is found in citrus. Sinensetin is found in orange peel and other plant sources. Found in orange peel and other plant sources Sinensetin is a methylated flavonoid found in fruits that has strong anti-vascular and anti-inflammatory properties. Sinensetin is a methylated flavonoid found in fruits that has strong anti-vascular and anti-inflammatory properties.
beta-Zeacarotene
D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids Window width to select the precursor ion was 3 Da.; CONE_VOLTAGE is 10 V.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 19HP8024 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan.
alpha-Copaene
alpha-Copaene, also known as aglaiene, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. These are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units. alpha-Copaene is possibly neutral. alpha-Copaene is a spice and woody tasting compound that can be found in several food items such as lime, mandarin orange (clementine, tangerine), safflower, and summer savoury, which makes alpha-copaene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. alpha-Copaene can be found in feces and saliva. Alpha-copaene, also known as copaene, is a member of the class of compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. Sesquiterpenoids are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units. Alpha-copaene is a spice and woody tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as lime, mandarin orange (clementine, tangerine), safflower, and summer savory, which makes alpha-copaene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Alpha-copaene can be found primarily in feces and saliva. 8-Isopropyl-1,3-dimethyltricyclo(4.4.0.02,7)dec-3-ene is a natural product found in Pinus sylvestris var. hamata, Asarum gusk, and other organisms with data available.
Heptadecane
Heptadecane, also known as CH3-[CH2]15-CH3, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alkanes. These are acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2 , and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms. Heptadecane is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Thus, heptadecane is considered to be a hydrocarbon lipid molecule. Heptadecane is an organic compound, an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C17H36. The most compact and branched isomer would be tetra-tert-butylmethane, but its existence is believed to be impossible due to steric hindrance. The name may refer to any of 24894 theoretically possible structural isomers, or to a mixture thereof. Heptadecane is an alkane tasting compound. heptadecane has been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as lemon balms, coconuts, orange bell peppers, allspices, and pepper (c. annuum). This could make heptadecane a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. In the IUPAC nomenclature, the name of this compound is simply heptadecane, since the other isomers are viewed and named as alkyl-substituted versions of smaller alkanes. The unbranched isomer is normal or n-heptadecane, CH3(CH2)15CH3. Indeed, it is believed to be the smallest "impossible" alkane. Heptadecane, also known as ch3-[ch2]15-ch3, is a member of the class of compounds known as alkanes. Alkanes are acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2 , and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms. Thus, heptadecane is considered to be a hydrocarbon lipid molecule. Heptadecane is an alkane tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as papaya, orange bell pepper, pepper (spice), and red bell pepper, which makes heptadecane a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Heptadecane can be found primarily in saliva. The unbranched isomer is normal or n-heptadecane, CH3(CH2)15CH3. In the IUPAC nomenclature, the name of this compound is simply heptadecane, since the other isomers are viewed and named as alkyl-substituted versions of smaller alkanes .
N-Dodecane
N-Dodecane is found in black walnut. Dodecane is a liquid alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)10CH3. It is an oily liquid of the paraffin series and has 355 isomers. (Wikipedia). Dodecane is a volatile organic compound found in feces of patients with Clostridium difficile infection, and considered as a potential fecal biomarker of Clostridium difficile infection (PMID: 30986230). Dodecane is a liquid alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)10CH3. It is an oily liquid of the paraffin series and has 355 isomers. N-Dodecane is found in papaya, black walnut, and garden tomato (variety). D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens
(+)-1(10),4-Cadinadiene
Constituent of the essential oils of ylang-ylang, citronella, cubebs, and sweetflag. (+)-1(10),4-Cadinadiene is found in many foods, some of which are common pea, asparagus, sweet potato, and dill. (+)-1(10),4-Cadinadiene is found in allspice. (+)-1(10),4-Cadinadiene is a constituent of the essential oils of ylang-ylang, citronella, cubebs, and sweetflag
beta-Caryophyllene
beta-Caryophyllene, also known as caryophyllene or (−)-β-caryophyllene, is a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene that is a constituent of many essential oils including that of Syzygium aromaticum (cloves), Cannabis sativa, rosemary, and hops. It is usually found as a mixture with isocaryophyllene (the cis double bond isomer) and α-humulene (obsolete name: α-caryophyllene), a ring-opened isomer. beta-Caryophyllene is notable for having both a cyclobutane ring and a trans-double bond in a nine-membered ring, both rarities in nature (Wikipedia). beta-Caryophyllene is a sweet and dry tasting compound that can be found in a number of food items such as allspice, fig, pot marjoram, and roman camomile, which makes beta-caryophyllene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. beta-Caryophyllene can be found in feces and saliva. (-)-Caryophyllene. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=87-44-5 (retrieved 2024-08-07) (CAS RN: 87-44-5). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). β-Caryophyllene is a CB2 receptor agonist. β-Caryophyllene is a CB2 receptor agonist.
alpha-Cubebene
alpha-Cubebene is found in cloves. alpha-Cubebene is a constituent of oil of cubeb pepper (Piper cubeba).
beta-Selinene
Constituent of celery oiland is) also from Cyperus rotundus (nutgrass) and Humulus lupulus (hops). beta-Selinene is found in many foods, some of which are safflower, star anise, chinese cinnamon, and allspice. beta-Selinene is found in alcoholic beverages. beta-Selinene is a constituent of celery oil. Also from Cyperus rotundus (nutgrass) and Humulus lupulus (hops)
beta-Ionone
Beta-ionone is a colorless to light yellow liquid with an odor of cedar wood. In very dilute alcoholic solution the odor resembles odor of violets. Used in perfumery. Beta-ionone is an ionone that is but-3-en-2-one substituted by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group at position 4. It has a role as an antioxidant and a fragrance. beta-Ionone is a natural product found in Nepeta nepetella, Vitis rotundifolia, and other organisms with data available. beta-Ionone is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. beta-Ionone, also known as (e)-b-ionone or trans-beta-ionone, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. These are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units. Found in many essential oils including oil of Boronia megastigma (brown boronia) and coml. ionone. Flavouring agent An ionone that is but-3-en-2-one substituted by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group at position 4. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids β-Ionone is effective in the induction of apoptosis in gastric adenocarcinoma SGC7901 cells. Anti-cancer activity[1]. β-Ionone is effective in the induction of apoptosis in gastric adenocarcinoma SGC7901 cells. Anti-cancer activity[1].
Tetramethylscutellarein
Tetramethylscutellarein, also known as 4,5,6,7-tetramethoxyflavone or 5-methoxysalvigenin, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 7-O-methylated flavonoids. These are flavonoids with methoxy groups attached to the C7 atom of the flavonoid backbone. Thus, tetramethylscutellarein is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. Tetramethylscutellarein is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Outside of the human body, tetramethylscutellarein is found, on average, in the highest concentration within sweet oranges. Tetramethylscutellarein has also been detected, but not quantified, in herbs, spices, tea. This could make tetramethylscutellarein a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Tetramethylscutellarein is isolated from Salvia officinalis (sage) leaves. Isolated from Salvia officinalis (sage) leaves. Tetramethylscutellarein is found in tea, sweet orange, and herbs and spices. Scutellarein tetramethyl ether (4',5,6,7-Tetramethoxyflavone) is a bioactive component of Siam weed extract. Scutellarein tetramethyl ether (4',5,6,7-Tetramethoxyflavone) exhibits anti-inflammatory activity through NF-κB pathway[1]. Scutellarein tetramethyl ether (4',5,6,7-Tetramethoxyflavone) modulats of bacterial agent resistance via efflux pump inhibition[2]. Scutellarein tetramethyl ether (4',5,6,7-Tetramethoxyflavone) can enhance blood coagulation[3]. Scutellarein tetramethyl ether (4',5,6,7-Tetramethoxyflavone) is a bioactive component of Siam weed extract. Scutellarein tetramethyl ether (4',5,6,7-Tetramethoxyflavone) exhibits anti-inflammatory activity through NF-κB pathway[1]. Scutellarein tetramethyl ether (4',5,6,7-Tetramethoxyflavone) modulats of bacterial agent resistance via efflux pump inhibition[2]. Scutellarein tetramethyl ether (4',5,6,7-Tetramethoxyflavone) can enhance blood coagulation[3].
Germacrene D
Germacrene d, also known as germacrene d, (s-(e,e))-isomer, is a member of the class of compounds known as germacrane sesquiterpenoids. Germacrane sesquiterpenoids are sesquiterpenoids having the germacrane skeleton, with a structure characterized by a cyclodecane ring substituted with an isopropyl and two methyl groups. Germacrene d can be found in a number of food items such as peppermint, roman camomile, hyssop, and common walnut, which makes germacrene d a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
alpha-Guaiene
Constituent of guaiac wood oil (Bulnesia sarmienti). alpha-Guaiene is found in many foods, some of which are herbs and spices, sweet basil, burdock, and pepper (spice). alpha-Guaiene is found in burdock. alpha-Guaiene is a constituent of guaiac wood oil (Bulnesia sarmienti)
beta-Cyclocitral
Constituent of saffron and many other plant materials. Production by Microcystis subspecies A 50:50 mixture with 2,6,6-Trimethyl-2-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde
9-cis-beta-Carotene
9-cis-beta-Carotene is a cyclic carotene having the structure of beta-carotene but with a cis double bond at the 9,10-position. It is found in human serum and breast milk (PMID: 9164160). Carotenoids are isoprenoid molecules that are widespread in nature and are typically seen as pigments in fruits, flowers, birds, and crustacea. Animals are unable to synthesize carotenoids de novo and rely upon the diet as a source of these compounds. Over recent years there has been considerable interest in dietary carotenoids with respect to their potential in alleviating age-related diseases in humans. This attention has been mirrored by significant advances in cloning most of the carotenoid genes and in the genetic manipulation of crop plants with the intention of increasing levels in the diet. Studies have shown an inverse relationship between the consumption of certain fruits and vegetables and the risk of epithelial cancer. Since carotenoids are among the micronutrients found in cancer-preventive foods, detailed qualitative and quantitative determination of these compounds, particularly in fruits and vegetables and in human plasma, have recently become increasingly important (PMID: 1416048, 15003396).
Pinene
Pinene (is a bicyclic monoterpene chemical compound. There are two structural isomers of pinene found in nature: alpha-pinene and beta-pinene. As the name suggests, both forms are important constituents of pine resin; they are also found in the resins of many other conifers, as well as in non-coniferous plants. Both isomers are used by many insects in their chemical communication system.
Rosmarinic acid
The (S)-stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid. The 1-carboxy-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl ester of trans-caffeic acid. Annotation level-1 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.731 Rosmarinic acid is a widespread phenolic ester compound in the plants. Rosmarinic acid inhibits MAO-A, MAO-B and COMT enzymes with IC50s of 50.1, 184.6 and 26.7 μM, respectively. Rosmarinic acid is a widespread phenolic ester compound in the plants. Rosmarinic acid inhibits MAO-A, MAO-B and COMT enzymes with IC50s of 50.1, 184.6 and 26.7 μM, respectively.
Spathulenol
Spathulenol is a tricyclic sesquiterpenoid that is 4-methylidenedecahydro-1H-cyclopropa[e]azulene carrying three methyl substituents at positions 1, 1 and 7 as well as a hydroxy substituent at position 7. It has a role as a volatile oil component, a plant metabolite, an anaesthetic and a vasodilator agent. It is a sesquiterpenoid, a carbotricyclic compound, a tertiary alcohol and an olefinic compound. Spathulenol is a natural product found in Xylopia aromatica, Xylopia emarginata, and other organisms with data available. See also: Chamomile (part of). A tricyclic sesquiterpenoid that is 4-methylidenedecahydro-1H-cyclopropa[e]azulene carrying three methyl substituents at positions 1, 1 and 7 as well as a hydroxy substituent at position 7. Spathulenol is found in alcoholic beverages. Spathulenol is a constituent of Salvia sclarea (clary sage).
Salvigenin
Salvigenin, also known as psathyrotin or 7-O-methylpectolinarigenin, is a member of the class of compounds known as 7-O-methylated flavonoids. 7-O-Methylated flavonoids are flavonoids with methoxy groups attached to the C7 atom of the flavonoid backbone. Thus, salvigenin is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. Salvigenin is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Salvigenin has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as rosemaries, mandarin orange (clementine, tangerine), common sages, sweet basils, and peppermints. This could make salvigenin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. BioTransformer predicts that salvigenin is a product of tetramethylscutellarein metabolism via an O-dealkylation reaction catalyzed by CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4 enzymes (PMID: 30612223). Salvigenin, also known as 5-hydroxy-6,7,4-trimethoxyflavone or 7-O-methylpectolinarigenin, is a member of the class of compounds known as 7-o-methylated flavonoids. 7-o-methylated flavonoids are flavonoids with methoxy groups attached to the C7 atom of the flavonoid backbone. Thus, salvigenin is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. Salvigenin is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Salvigenin can be found in a number of food items such as sweet basil, mandarin orange (clementine, tangerine), common sage, and peppermint, which makes salvigenin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Salvigenin is a trimethoxyflavone that is scutellarein in which the hydroxy groups at positions 4, 6, and 7 are replaced by methoxy groups. It has a role as an autophagy inducer, an apoptosis inhibitor, an antilipemic drug, an immunomodulator, an antineoplastic agent, a neuroprotective agent, a hypoglycemic agent and a plant metabolite. It is a trimethoxyflavone and a monohydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to a scutellarein. Salvigenin is a natural product found in Liatris elegans, Achillea santolina, and other organisms with data available. See also: Tangerine peel (part of). A trimethoxyflavone that is scutellarein in which the hydroxy groups at positions 4, 6, and 7 are replaced by methoxy groups. Salvigenin is a natural polyphenolic compound, with neuroprotective effect. Salvigenin has antitumor cytotoxic and immunomodulatory properties. Salvigenin inhibits H2O2-induced cell apoptosis[1][2]. Salvigenin is a natural polyphenolic compound, with neuroprotective effect. Salvigenin has antitumor cytotoxic and immunomodulatory properties. Salvigenin inhibits H2O2-induced cell apoptosis[1][2].
beta-Damascenone
Beta-damascenone is a cyclic monoterpene ketone that is 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexa-1,3-diene substituted at position 1 by a crotonoyl group. It has a role as a fragrance, a volatile oil component and a plant metabolite. It is an enone, an apo carotenoid monoterpenoid and a cyclic monoterpene ketone. Damascenone is a natural product found in Vitis rotundifolia, Vitis labrusca, and other organisms with data available. 1-[2,6,6-Trimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadien-1-yl]-2-buten-1-one is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. trans-beta-damascenone is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Damascenones are a series of closely related chemical compounds that are components of a variety of essential oils. The damascenones belong to a family of chemicals known as rose ketones, which also includes damascones and ionones. beta-Damascenone is a major contributor to the aroma of roses, despite its very low concentration, and is an important fragrance chemical used in perfumery. [Wikipedia] From Rosa damascena and many other sources. 3,5,8-Megastigmatrien-7-one is found in many foods, some of which are herbs and spices, tea, common grape, and green vegetables. A cyclic monoterpene ketone that is 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexa-1,3-diene substituted at position 1 by a crotonoyl group. Damascenone ((E/Z)-Damascenone) is an active compound of?Epipremnum pinnatum with anti-inflammatory activity[1]. Damascenone is a mixture complex of?E-isomer-Damascenone and Z-isomer Damascenone. Damascenone ((E/Z)-Damascenone) is an active compound of?Epipremnum pinnatum with anti-inflammatory activity[1]. Damascenone is a mixture complex of?E-isomer-Damascenone and Z-isomer Damascenone.
4',5,7-Trimethoxyflavone
4,5,7-Trimethoxyflavone, also known as trimethylapigenin, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 7-O-methylated flavonoids. These are flavonoids with methoxy groups attached to the C7 atom of the flavonoid backbone. Thus, 4,5,7-trimethoxyflavone is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. 4,5,7-Trimethoxyflavone is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Outside of the human body, 4,5,7-trimethoxyflavone has been detected, but not quantified in, a few different foods, such as citrus, mandarin orange (clementine, tangerine), and sweet oranges. This could make 4,5,7-trimethoxyflavone a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. 4,5,7-Trimethoxyflavone is an ether and a member of flavonoids. 4,5,7-Trimethoxyflavone is a natural product found in Tanacetum vulgare, Citrus medica, and other organisms with data available. See also: Tangerine peel (part of). Occurs in the peel of Citrus reticulata (mandarin). 4,5,7-Trimethylapigenin is found in sweet orange and citrus. 5,7,4'-Trimethoxyflavone is isolated from Kaempferia parviflora (KP) that is a famous medicinal plant from Thailand. 5,7,4'-Trimethoxyflavone induces apoptosis, as evidenced by increments of sub-G1 phase, DNA fragmentation, annexin-V/PI staining, the Bax/Bcl-xL ratio, proteolytic activation of caspase-3, and degradation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) protein.5,7,4'-Trimethoxyflavone is significantly effective at inhibiting proliferation of SNU-16 human gastric cancer cells in a concentration dependent manner[1]. 5,7,4'-Trimethoxyflavone is isolated from Kaempferia parviflora (KP) that is a famous medicinal plant from Thailand. 5,7,4'-Trimethoxyflavone induces apoptosis, as evidenced by increments of sub-G1 phase, DNA fragmentation, annexin-V/PI staining, the Bax/Bcl-xL ratio, proteolytic activation of caspase-3, and degradation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) protein.5,7,4'-Trimethoxyflavone is significantly effective at inhibiting proliferation of SNU-16 human gastric cancer cells in a concentration dependent manner[1].
2-Pentylfuran
2-pentylfuran is a member of the class of compounds known as heteroaromatic compounds. Heteroaromatic compounds are compounds containing an aromatic ring where a carbon atom is linked to an hetero atom. 2-pentylfuran is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). 2-pentylfuran is a beany, butter, and earthy tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as yellow bell pepper, pepper (c. annuum), nuts, and watermelon, which makes 2-pentylfuran a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 2-pentylfuran can be found primarily in feces, saliva, and urine. 2-pentylfuran exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. 2-pentylfuran is a colourless to light yellow liquid that is not known to be produced by mammalian metabolism. It is present in many foods including alcoholic beverages, coffee, potatoes, tomatoes, roasted filberts, and soybean oil, and it is also a component of the aroma of these foods. 2-pentylfuran is a flavouring ingredient. 2-pentylfuran belongs to the furan family which is characterized by a furan ring (a five-member aromatic ring with one oxygen atom and four carbon atoms). A study showed that 2-pentylfuran is found in the breath of patients with Aspergillus fumigatus infections (PMID:19301177). 2-pentylfuran is a member of the class of furans that is furan in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a pentyl group. It is found in many heat-processed foods and drinks. It has a role as an Aspergillus metabolite, a human urinary metabolite, a volatile oil component, an insect repellent, a flavouring agent, a plant growth stimulator and a bacterial metabolite. 2-Pentylfuran is a natural product found in Vitis rotundifolia, Astragalus mongholicus, and other organisms with data available. 2-pentylfuran is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A member of the class of furans that is furan in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a pentyl group. It is found in many heat-processed foods and drinks. 2-Pentylfuran is the compound isolated from steam volatile oils obtained from potatoes at atmospheric pressure[1]. 2-Pentylfuran is the compound isolated from steam volatile oils obtained from potatoes at atmospheric pressure[1].
(3R,3'R,6'R,9-cis)-beta,epsilon-Carotene-3,3'-diol
(3R,3R,6R,9-cis)-beta,epsilon-Carotene-3,3-diol is a carotenoid found in human fluids such as serum and breast milk (PMID: 9164160). Carotenoids are isoprenoid molecules that are widespread in nature and are typically seen as pigments in fruits, flowers, birds and crustacea. Animals are unable to synthesise carotenoids de novo, and rely upon the diet as a source of these compounds. Over recent years there has been considerable interest in dietary carotenoids with respect to their potential in alleviating age-related diseases in humans. This attention has been mirrored by significant advances in cloning most of the carotenoid genes and in the genetic manipulation of crop plants with the intention of increasing levels in the diet. Studies have shown an inverse relationship between the consumption of certain fruits and vegetables and the risk of epithelial cancer. Since carotenoids are among the micronutrients found in cancer preventive foods, detailed qualitative and quantitative determination of these compounds, particularly in fruits and vegetables and in human plasma, have recently become increasingly important (PMID: 1416048, 15003396). D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids (3R,3R,6R,9-cis)-Carotene-3,3-diol is a carotenoid found in human fluids. Lutein (Xanthophyll) is a carotenoid with reported anti-inflammatory properties. A large body of evidence shows that lutein has several beneficial effects, especially on eye health[1]. Lutein exerts its biological activities, including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidase and anti-apoptosis, through effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS)[2][3]. Lutein is able to arrive in the brain and shows antidepressant-like and neuroprotective effects. Lutein is orally active[4]. Lutein (Xanthophyll) is a carotenoid with reported anti-inflammatory properties. A large body of evidence shows that lutein has several beneficial effects, especially on eye health[1]. Lutein exerts its biological activities, including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidase and anti-apoptosis, through effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS)[2][3]. Lutein is able to arrive in the brain and shows antidepressant-like and neuroprotective effects. Lutein is orally active[4].
Tetradecane
Tetradecane, also known as CH3-[CH2]12-CH3, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alkanes. These are acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2 , and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms. Tetradecane is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Thus, tetradecane is considered to be a hydrocarbon lipid molecule. Tetradecane is a mild, alkane, and waxy tasting compound. Tetradecane is found, on average, in the highest concentration within black walnuts. Tetradecane has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as lemon balms, common buckwheats, cucumbers, allspices, and green bell peppers. This could make tetradecane a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Tetradecane, with regard to humans, has been found to be associated with several diseases such as crohns disease, ulcerative colitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and asthma; tetradecane has also been linked to the inborn metabolic disorder celiac disease. These are acyclic hydrocarbons consisting only of n carbon atoms and m hydrogen atoms where m=2*n + 2. TETRADECANE, also known as N-tetradecane or ch3-[ch2]12-ch3, is a member of the class of compounds known as alkanes. Alkanes are acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2 , and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms. Thus, tetradecane is considered to be a hydrocarbon lipid molecule. TETRADECANE is a mild, alkane, and waxy tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as sweet bay, summer savory, green bell pepper, and lemon balm, which makes tetradecane a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Tetradecane can be found primarily in feces and saliva. Tetradecane is an alkane containing 14 carbon atoms[1].
beta-Bourbonene
beta-Bourbonene is found in cloves. beta-Bourbonene is a flavouring agent.
delta-Amorphene
1(10),4-Cadinadiene is a cadinene (FDB009046) of the delta-serie [FooDB]. A cadinene (FDB009046) of the delta-serie [FooDB]
3,4-Dihydroxycinnamoyl-(Z)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethenol
3,4-Dihydroxycinnamoyl-(Z)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethenol is found in common oregano. 3,4-Dihydroxycinnamoyl-(Z)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethenol is isolated from Perilla frutescens (perilla) and the callus cultures of Lavandula angustifolia (lavender). Isolated from the callus cultures of Lavandula angustifolia (lavender).
Humuladienone
Humuladienone is found in alcoholic beverages. Humuladienone is a constituent of hops. Constituent of hops. Humuladienone is found in wild celery and alcoholic beverages.
Octadecane
Octadecane, also known as CH3-[CH2]16-CH3, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alkanes. These are acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2 , and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms. Octadecane is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Thus, octadecane is considered to be a hydrocarbon lipid molecule. Octadecane is an alkane tasting compound. Octadecane has been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as papaya, corianders, sunflowers, kohlrabis, and parsnips. Found in hop oil and other plant sources. Isolated from Piper longum (long pepper). Octadecane is an alkane that is used to store thermal energy at ambient temperature as a phase change material[1].
Vitispirane
Constituent of the juice of wine grape (Vitis vinifera). Vitispirane is found in alcoholic beverages, fruits, and common grape. Vitispirane is found in alcoholic beverages. Vitispirane is a constituent of the juice of wine grape (Vitis vinifera). D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids
cis-Caffeic acid
Caffeic acid, also known as caffeate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxycinnamic acids. Hydroxycinnamic acids are compounds containing an cinnamic acid where the benzene ring is hydroxylated. Caffeic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. It is the precursor to ferulic acid, coniferyl alcohol, and sinapyl alcohol, all of which are significant building blocks in lignin. Outside of the human body, caffeic acid has been detected, but not quantified in fats and oils and nuts. Caffeic acid is formally rated as a possible carcinogen (by IARC 2B) and is also a potentially toxic compound. Caffeic acid has a variety of potential pharmacological effects in in vitro studies and in animal models, and the inhibitory effect of caffeic acid on cancer cell proliferation by an oxidative mechanism in the human HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cell line has recently been established. It occurs at high levels in black chokeberry (141 mg per 100 g) and in fairly high level in lingonberry (6 mg per 100 g). D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants Found in olive oil, peanuts and other plant sources Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO).
Hexenal
Constituent of many foods. Flavouring ingredient. 2-Hexenal is found in many foods, some of which are black elderberry, ginkgo nuts, cucumber, and burdock. Trans-?2-?Hexenal can be used for the determination of low-molecular-weight carbonyl compounds which are reactive with biological nucleophiles in biological samples[1]. Trans-?2-?Hexenal can be used for the determination of low-molecular-weight carbonyl compounds which are reactive with biological nucleophiles in biological samples[1].
sitosterol
A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28178 - Phytosterol > C68437 - Unsaturated Phytosterol D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1]. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1].
Salvigenin
Salvigenin is a natural polyphenolic compound, with neuroprotective effect. Salvigenin has antitumor cytotoxic and immunomodulatory properties. Salvigenin inhibits H2O2-induced cell apoptosis[1][2]. Salvigenin is a natural polyphenolic compound, with neuroprotective effect. Salvigenin has antitumor cytotoxic and immunomodulatory properties. Salvigenin inhibits H2O2-induced cell apoptosis[1][2].
Sinensetin
Sinensetin is a methylated flavonoid found in fruits that has strong anti-vascular and anti-inflammatory properties. Sinensetin is a methylated flavonoid found in fruits that has strong anti-vascular and anti-inflammatory properties.
Germacrene D
(-)-germacrene D is a germacrene D. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-germacrene D. (-)-Germacrene D is a natural product found in Teucrium montanum, Stachys obliqua, and other organisms with data available. See also: Clary Sage Oil (part of).
2Z6NA534YE
C27H28N2O4 (444.20489680000003)
Aurantiamide acetate is a member of amphetamines. Aurantiamide acetate is a natural product found in Pteris multifida, Orthosiphon aristatus, and other organisms with data available. Aurantiamide acetate (TMC-58A) is a selective and orally active cathepsin inhibitor isolated from?Portulaca oleracea L. Aurantiamide acetate has anti-inflammatory activities and can be used for the study of ?inflammatory?diseases[1][2]. Aurantiamide acetate (TMC-58A) is a selective and orally active cathepsin inhibitor isolated from?Portulaca oleracea L. Aurantiamide acetate has anti-inflammatory activities and can be used for the study of ?inflammatory?diseases[1][2].
Tetramethylscutellarein
Tetramethylscutellarein, also known as 4,5,6,7-tetramethoxyflavone or 5-methoxysalvigenin, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 7-O-methylated flavonoids. These are flavonoids with methoxy groups attached to the C7 atom of the flavonoid backbone. Thus, tetramethylscutellarein is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. Tetramethylscutellarein is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Outside of the human body, tetramethylscutellarein is found, on average, in the highest concentration within sweet oranges. Tetramethylscutellarein has also been detected, but not quantified, in herbs, spices, tea. This could make tetramethylscutellarein a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Tetramethylscutellarein is isolated from Salvia officinalis (sage) leaves. 4,5,6,7-tetramethoxyflavone is a tetramethoxyflavone that is the tetra-O-methyl derivative of scutellarein. It has a role as an antimutagen and a plant metabolite. It is functionally related to a scutellarein. 4,5,6,7-Tetramethoxyflavone is a natural product found in Ageratina altissima, Chromolaena odorata, and other organisms with data available. See also: Tangerine peel (part of); Citrus aurantium fruit rind (part of). Isolated from Salvia officinalis (sage) leaves. Tetramethylscutellarein is found in tea, sweet orange, and herbs and spices. A tetramethoxyflavone that is the tetra-O-methyl derivative of scutellarein. Scutellarein tetramethyl ether (4',5,6,7-Tetramethoxyflavone) is a bioactive component of Siam weed extract. Scutellarein tetramethyl ether (4',5,6,7-Tetramethoxyflavone) exhibits anti-inflammatory activity through NF-κB pathway[1]. Scutellarein tetramethyl ether (4',5,6,7-Tetramethoxyflavone) modulats of bacterial agent resistance via efflux pump inhibition[2]. Scutellarein tetramethyl ether (4',5,6,7-Tetramethoxyflavone) can enhance blood coagulation[3]. Scutellarein tetramethyl ether (4',5,6,7-Tetramethoxyflavone) is a bioactive component of Siam weed extract. Scutellarein tetramethyl ether (4',5,6,7-Tetramethoxyflavone) exhibits anti-inflammatory activity through NF-κB pathway[1]. Scutellarein tetramethyl ether (4',5,6,7-Tetramethoxyflavone) modulats of bacterial agent resistance via efflux pump inhibition[2]. Scutellarein tetramethyl ether (4',5,6,7-Tetramethoxyflavone) can enhance blood coagulation[3].
Caffeate
D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants KEIO_ID C107 Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO).
Caffeic Acid
A hydroxycinnamic acid that is cinnamic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4. It exists in cis and trans forms; the latter is the more common. 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid, also known as caffeic acid or trans-caffeate, is a member of the class of compounds known as hydroxycinnamic acids. Hydroxycinnamic acids are compounds containing an cinnamic acid where the benzene ring is hydroxylated. 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid is slightly soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid can be found in fats and oils and nuts, which makes 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Caffeic acid is an organic compound that is classified as a hydroxycinnamic acid. This yellow solid consists of both phenolic and acrylic functional groups. It is found in all plants because it is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of lignin, one of the principal components of plant biomass and its residues . Caffeic acid is a polyphenol present in normal human urine positively correlated to coffee consumption and influenced by the dietary intake of diverse types of food. (PMID:16870009) [HMDB]. Caffeic acid is found in many foods, some of which are cardoon, coriander, common persimmon, and irish moss. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants Annotation level-2 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 167 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.412 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.403 Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO).
β-Carotene
The novel carbohydrate-derived b-carboline, 1-pentahydroxypentyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-b-carboline-3-carboxylic acid, was identified in fruit- and vegetable-derived products such as juices, jams, and tomato sauces. This compound occurred as two diastereoisomers, a cis isomer (the major compound) and a trans isomer, ranging from undetectable amounts to 6.5 ug/g. Grape, tomato, pineapple, and tropical juices exhibited the highest amount of this alkaloid (up to 3.8 mg/L), whereas apple, banana, and peach juices showed very low or nondetectable levels. This tetrahydro-b-carboline was also found in jams (up to 0.45 ug/g), and a relative high amount was present in tomato concentrate (6.5 ug/g) and sauce (up to 1.8 ug/g). This b-carboline occurred in fruit-derived products as a glycoconjugate from a chemical condensation of d-glucose and l-tryptophan that is highly favored at low pH values and high temperature. Production, processing treatments, and storage of fruit juices and jams can then release this b-carboline. Fruit-derived products and other foods containing this compound might be an exogenous dietary source of this glucose-derived tetrahydro-b-carboline.(PMID: 12137498) [HMDB] Window width to select the precursor ion was 3 Da.; CONE_VOLTAGE is 20 V.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 19HP8024 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan. D - Dermatologicals > D02 - Emollients and protectives > D02B - Protectives against uv-radiation > D02BB - Protectives against uv-radiation for systemic use A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A11 - Vitamins > A11C - Vitamin a and d, incl. combinations of the two > A11CA - Vitamin a, plain D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins > D000072664 - Provitamins Window width to select the precursor ion was 3 Da.; CONE_VOLTAGE is 10 V.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 19HP8024 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan.
Phytol
Phytol is a key acyclic diterpene alcohol that is a precursor for vitamins E and K1. Phytol is an extremely common terpenoid, found in all plants esterified to Chlorophyll to confer lipid solubility[citation needed].; Phytol is a natural linear diterpene alcohol which is used in the preparation of vitamins E and K1. It is also a decomposition product of chlorophyll. It is an oily liquid that is nearly insoluble in water, but soluble in most organic solvents. -- Wikipedia C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28269 - Phytochemical Phytol ((E)?-?Phytol), a diterpene alcohol from chlorophyll widely used as a food additive and in medicinal fields, possesses promising antischistosomal properties. Phytol has antinociceptive and antioxidant activitiesas well as anti-inflammatory and antiallergic effects. Phytol has antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Staphylococcus aureus[1]. Phytol ((E)?-?Phytol), a diterpene alcohol from chlorophyll widely used as a food additive and in medicinal fields, possesses promising antischistosomal properties. Phytol has antinociceptive and antioxidant activitiesas well as anti-inflammatory and antiallergic effects. Phytol has antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Staphylococcus aureus[1].
Lutein
D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids Window width for selecting the precursor ion was 3 Da.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 16HP2005 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan. Lutein (Xanthophyll) is a carotenoid with reported anti-inflammatory properties. A large body of evidence shows that lutein has several beneficial effects, especially on eye health[1]. Lutein exerts its biological activities, including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidase and anti-apoptosis, through effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS)[2][3]. Lutein is able to arrive in the brain and shows antidepressant-like and neuroprotective effects. Lutein is orally active[4]. Lutein (Xanthophyll) is a carotenoid with reported anti-inflammatory properties. A large body of evidence shows that lutein has several beneficial effects, especially on eye health[1]. Lutein exerts its biological activities, including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidase and anti-apoptosis, through effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS)[2][3]. Lutein is able to arrive in the brain and shows antidepressant-like and neuroprotective effects. Lutein is orally active[4].
9-cis-β-Carotene
(9z)-beta,beta-carotene, also known as (9z)-β,β-carotene or 9-cis-β-carotene, is a member of the class of compounds known as carotenes. Carotenes are a type of unsaturated hydrocarbons containing eight consecutive isoprene units. They are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Carotenes belonging form a subgroup of the carotenoids family (9z)-beta,beta-carotene can be found in guava, which makes (9z)-beta,beta-carotene a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product (9z)-beta,beta-carotene can be found primarily in blood and breast milk.
Aurantiamide acetate
C27H28N2O4 (444.20489680000003)
CONFIDENCE Culture of Penicillium eurotium strain Aurantiamide acetate (TMC-58A) is a selective and orally active cathepsin inhibitor isolated from?Portulaca oleracea L. Aurantiamide acetate has anti-inflammatory activities and can be used for the study of ?inflammatory?diseases[1][2]. Aurantiamide acetate (TMC-58A) is a selective and orally active cathepsin inhibitor isolated from?Portulaca oleracea L. Aurantiamide acetate has anti-inflammatory activities and can be used for the study of ?inflammatory?diseases[1][2].
3-OCTANOL
Present in Japanese peppermint oil and many other essential oils. (S)-3-Octanol is found in herbs and spices.
caryophyllene
A beta-caryophyllene in which the stereocentre adjacent to the exocyclic double bond has S configuration while the remaining stereocentre has R configuration. It is the most commonly occurring form of beta-caryophyllene, occurring in many essential oils, particularly oil of cloves. D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents β-Caryophyllene is a CB2 receptor agonist. β-Caryophyllene is a CB2 receptor agonist.
beta-Bourbonene
Flavouring agent. beta-Bourbonene is found in many foods, some of which are rosemary, common oregano, sweet basil, and winter savory.
Damascenone
Damascenone ((E/Z)-Damascenone) is an active compound of?Epipremnum pinnatum with anti-inflammatory activity[1]. Damascenone is a mixture complex of?E-isomer-Damascenone and Z-isomer Damascenone. Damascenone ((E/Z)-Damascenone) is an active compound of?Epipremnum pinnatum with anti-inflammatory activity[1]. Damascenone is a mixture complex of?E-isomer-Damascenone and Z-isomer Damascenone.
2-Amylfuran
2-pentylfuran is a member of the class of furans that is furan in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a pentyl group. It is found in many heat-processed foods and drinks. It has a role as an Aspergillus metabolite, a human urinary metabolite, a volatile oil component, an insect repellent, a flavouring agent, a plant growth stimulator and a bacterial metabolite. 2-Pentylfuran is a natural product found in Magnolia officinalis, Daphne odora, and other organisms with data available. 2-pentylfuran is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 2-Pentylfuran is the compound isolated from steam volatile oils obtained from potatoes at atmospheric pressure[1]. 2-Pentylfuran is the compound isolated from steam volatile oils obtained from potatoes at atmospheric pressure[1].
3,4-Dihydroxycinnamoyl-(Z)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethenol
N-Octadecane
A straight-chain alkane carrying 18 carbon atoms. Octadecane is an alkane that is used to store thermal energy at ambient temperature as a phase change material[1].
Vitispirane
D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids
β-Cyclocitral
A monoterpenoid formally derived from citral by cyclisation. It is a volatile compound produced by a cyanobacteria.
Tetradecane
A straight chain alkane consisting of 14 carbon atoms. Tetradecane is an alkane containing 14 carbon atoms[1].
N-HEPTADECANE
A straight-chain alkane with 17 carbon atoms. It is a component of essential oils from plants like Opuntia littoralis and Annona squamosa.
n-Dodecane
A straight-chain alkane with 12 carbon atoms. It has been isolated from the essential oils of various plants including Zingiber officinale (ginger). D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens
beta-selinene
An optically active form of beta-selinene having (+)-(4aR,7R,8aS)-configuration.
(+)-DELTA-CADINENE
A member of the cadinene family of sesquiterpenes in which the double bonds are located at the 4-4a and 7-8 positions, and in which the isopropyl group at position 1 is cis to the hydrogen at the adjacent bridgehead carbon (the 1S,8aR-enantiomer).
alpha-Cubebene
A tricyclic sesquiterpene with formula C15H24, isolated from Hungarian thyme, citrus fruit, chamomile, and several other flowering plants. Constituent of oil of cubeb pepper (Piper cubeba). alpha-Cubebene is found in many foods, some of which are parsley, ginger, nutmeg, and lemon balm.
β-Ionone
D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids β-Ionone is effective in the induction of apoptosis in gastric adenocarcinoma SGC7901 cells. Anti-cancer activity[1]. β-Ionone is effective in the induction of apoptosis in gastric adenocarcinoma SGC7901 cells. Anti-cancer activity[1].
Humulene
α-Humulene is a main constituent of Tanacetum vulgare L. (Asteraceae) essential oil with anti-inflammation (IC50=15±2 μg/mL). α-Humulene inhibits COX-2 and iNOS expression[1]. α-Humulene is a main constituent of Tanacetum vulgare L. (Asteraceae) essential oil with anti-inflammation (IC50=15±2 μg/mL). α-Humulene inhibits COX-2 and iNOS expression[1].
17066-67-0
α-Pinene
A pinene that is bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 6 and 6 respectively. (-)-α-Pinene is a monoterpene and shows sleep enhancing property through a direct binding to GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors by acting as a partial modulator at the BZD binding site[1]. (-)-α-Pinene is a monoterpene and shows sleep enhancing property through a direct binding to GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors by acting as a partial modulator at the BZD binding site[1]. (-)-α-Pinene is a monoterpene and shows sleep enhancing property through a direct binding to GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors by acting as a partial modulator at the BZD binding site[1]. (-)-α-Pinene is a monoterpene and shows sleep enhancing property through a direct binding to GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors by acting as a partial modulator at the BZD binding site[1]. (-)-α-Pinene is a monoterpene and shows sleep enhancing property through a direct binding to GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors by acting as a partial modulator at the BZD binding site[1]. (-)-α-Pinene is a monoterpene and shows sleep enhancing property through a direct binding to GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors by acting as a partial modulator at the BZD binding site[1].
alpha-Guaiene
A carbobicyclic compound and sesquiterpene that is 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydroazulene which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 and by a (prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 7 (the 1S,4S,7R enantiomer).
Mairin
C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C2139 - Immunostimulant Betulinic acid is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, acts as a eukaryotic topoisomerase I inhibitor, with an IC50 of 5 μM, and possesses anti-HIV, anti-malarial, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties[1][2][3][4]. Betulinic acid is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, acts as a eukaryotic topoisomerase I inhibitor, with an IC50 of 5 μM, and possesses anti-HIV, anti-malarial, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties[1][2][3][4].
AI3-63211
D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO).
Caryophyllin
Oleanolic acid (Caryophyllin) is a natural compound from plants with anti-tumor activities. Oleanolic acid (Caryophyllin) is a natural compound from plants with anti-tumor activities.
Harzol
C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28178 - Phytosterol > C68437 - Unsaturated Phytosterol D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1]. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1].
Urson
D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C129839 - Apoptotic Pathway-targeting Antineoplastic Agent D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors Ursolic acid (Prunol) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acid, exerts anti-tumor effects and is an effective compound for cancer prevention and therapy. Ursolic acid (Prunol) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acid, exerts anti-tumor effects and is an effective compound for cancer prevention and therapy.
Safranal
Safranal is an orally active main component of Saffron (Crocus sativus) and is responsible for the unique aroma of this spice. Safranal has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects and has the potential for Parkinson’s disease research[1]. Safranal is an orally active main component of Saffron (Crocus sativus) and is responsible for the unique aroma of this spice. Safranal has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects and has the potential for Parkinson’s disease research[1].
Dodekan
D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens
Tetradekan
Tetradecane is an alkane containing 14 carbon atoms[1].
SDP-111
β-Elemene ((-)-β-Elemene; Levo-β-elemene) is isolated from natural plant Curcuma aromatica with an antitumor activity. β-Elemene can induce cell apoptosis. β-Elemene ((-)-β-Elemene; Levo-β-elemene) is isolated from natural plant Curcuma aromatica with an antitumor activity. β-Elemene can induce cell apoptosis.
Oktadekan
Octadecane is an alkane that is used to store thermal energy at ambient temperature as a phase change material[1].
LS-871
D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids β-Ionone is effective in the induction of apoptosis in gastric adenocarcinoma SGC7901 cells. Anti-cancer activity[1]. β-Ionone is effective in the induction of apoptosis in gastric adenocarcinoma SGC7901 cells. Anti-cancer activity[1].
Hexenal
Trans-?2-?Hexenal can be used for the determination of low-molecular-weight carbonyl compounds which are reactive with biological nucleophiles in biological samples[1]. Trans-?2-?Hexenal can be used for the determination of low-molecular-weight carbonyl compounds which are reactive with biological nucleophiles in biological samples[1].
E160A
D - Dermatologicals > D02 - Emollients and protectives > D02B - Protectives against uv-radiation > D02BB - Protectives against uv-radiation for systemic use A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A11 - Vitamins > A11C - Vitamin a and d, incl. combinations of the two > A11CA - Vitamin a, plain D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins > D000072664 - Provitamins
AIDS-026336
D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011480 - Protease Inhibitors > D015842 - Serine Proteinase Inhibitors D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D010975 - Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents Rosmarinic acid is a widespread phenolic ester compound in the plants. Rosmarinic acid inhibits MAO-A, MAO-B and COMT enzymes with IC50s of 50.1, 184.6 and 26.7 μM, respectively. Rosmarinic acid is a widespread phenolic ester compound in the plants. Rosmarinic acid inhibits MAO-A, MAO-B and COMT enzymes with IC50s of 50.1, 184.6 and 26.7 μM, respectively.
beta-Bourbonene
Bourbonene is a member of the class of compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. Sesquiterpenoids are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units. Thus, bourbonene is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Bourbonene can be found in orange mint, which makes bourbonene a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. beta-Bourbonene is found in cloves. beta-Bourbonene is a flavouring agent.
9-cis-beta-Carotene
9-cis-beta-Carotene is a cyclic carotene having the structure of beta-carotene but with a cis double bond at the 9,10-position. It is found in human serum and breast milk (PMID: 9164160). Carotenoids are isoprenoid molecules that are widespread in nature and are typically seen as pigments in fruits, flowers, birds, and crustacea. Animals are unable to synthesize carotenoids de novo and rely upon the diet as a source of these compounds. Over recent years there has been considerable interest in dietary carotenoids with respect to their potential in alleviating age-related diseases in humans. This attention has been mirrored by significant advances in cloning most of the carotenoid genes and in the genetic manipulation of crop plants with the intention of increasing levels in the diet. Studies have shown an inverse relationship between the consumption of certain fruits and vegetables and the risk of epithelial cancer. Since carotenoids are among the micronutrients found in cancer-preventive foods, detailed qualitative and quantitative determination of these compounds, particularly in fruits and vegetables and in human plasma, have recently become increasingly important (PMID: 1416048, 15003396). cis-Carotene is a carotenoid found in human fluids. Carotenoids are isoprenoid molecules that are widespread in nature and are typically seen as pigments in fruits, flowers, birds and crustacea. Animals are unable to synthesise carotenoids de novo, and rely upon the diet as a source of these compounds. Over recent years there has been considerable interest in dietary carotenoids with respect to their potential in alleviating age-related diseases in humans. This attention has been mirrored by significant advances in cloning most of the carotenoid genes and in the genetic manipulation of crop plants with the intention of increasing levels in the diet. Studies have shown an inverse relationship between the consumption of certain fruits and vegetables and the risk of epithelial cancer. Since carotenoids are among the micronutrients found in cancer preventive foods, detailed qualitative and quantitative determination of these compounds, particularly in fruits and vegetables and in human plasma, have recently become increasingly important. (PMID: 1416048, 15003396) [HMDB]
Nootkatone
(+)-nootkatone is a sesquiterpenoid that is 4,4a,5,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-2(3H)-one which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4 and 4a, and by an isopropenyl group at position 6 (the 4R,4aS,6R stereoisomer). It has a role as a plant metabolite, a fragrance and an insect repellent. It is a sesquiterpenoid, an enone and a carbobicyclic compound. Nootkatone is a natural product found in Teucrium asiaticum, Teucrium oxylepis, and other organisms with data available. A sesquiterpenoid that is 4,4a,5,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-2(3H)-one which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4 and 4a, and by an isopropenyl group at position 6 (the 4R,4aS,6R stereoisomer). Nootkatone, a neuroprotective agent from Vitis vinifera, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects[1]. Nootkatone improves cognitive impairment in lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse model of Alzheimer's disease[2]. Nootkatone, a neuroprotective agent from Vitis vinifera, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects[1]. Nootkatone improves cognitive impairment in lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse model of Alzheimer's disease[2].