Safranal (BioDeep_00000001017)

 

Secondary id: BioDeep_00000859896

human metabolite PANOMIX_OTCML-2023 Endogenous Cytotoxicity natural product


代谢物信息卡片


InChI=1/C10H14O/c1-8-5-4-6-10(2,3)9(8)7-11/h4-5,7H,6H2,1-3H3

化学式: C10H14O (150.1045)
中文名称: 2,3-二氢-2,2,6-三甲基苯甲醛, 藏红花醛
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 Viridiplantae(plant) 23.9%

分子结构信息

SMILES: CC1=C(C(CC=C1)(C)C)C=O
InChI: InChI=1S/C10H14O/c1-8-5-4-6-10(2,3)9(8)7-11/h4-5,7H,6H2,1-3H3

描述信息

Safranal is found in fig. Safranal is a constituent of saffron (Crocus sativa). Safranal is a flavouring ingredient It is believed that safranal is a degradation product of the carotenoid zeaxanthin via the intermediacy of picrocrocin. Safranal is an effective anticonvulsant shown to act as an agonist at GABAA receptors. Safranal also exhibits high antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity, along with cytotoxicity towards cancer cells in vitro. It has also been shown to have antidepressant properties. Safranal is an organic compound isolated from saffron, the spice consisting of the stigmas of crocus flowers (Crocus sativus). It is the constituent primarily responsible for the aroma of saffron
Safranal is a monoterpenoid formally derived from beta-cyclocitral by dehydrogenation. It is functionally related to a beta-cyclocitral.
Safranal is a natural product found in Aspalathus linearis, Cistus creticus, and other organisms with data available.
Constituent of saffron (Crocus sativa). Flavouring ingredient
Safranal is an orally active main component of Saffron (Crocus sativus) and is responsible for the unique aroma of this spice. Safranal has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects and has the potential for Parkinson’s disease research[1].
Safranal is an orally active main component of Saffron (Crocus sativus) and is responsible for the unique aroma of this spice. Safranal has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects and has the potential for Parkinson’s disease research[1].

同义名列表

28 个代谢物同义名

InChI=1/C10H14O/c1-8-5-4-6-10(2,3)9(8)7-11/h4-5,7H,6H2,1-3H3; 1,3-CYCLOHEXADIENE-1-CARBOXALDEHYDE, 2,6,6-TRIMETHYL-; 2,6,6-Trimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadienecarboxaldehyde, 9CI; 2,6,6-TRIMETHYLCYCLOHEXA-1,3-DIENYL METHANAL [FHFI]; 2,6,6-trimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxaldehyde; 2,6,6-Trimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene-1-carbaldehyde #; 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carbaldehyde; 2,6,6-Trimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene-1-carbaldehyde; 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexa-1,3-dienecarbaldehyde; (2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohexa-1,3-dienyl)methanal; 2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohexa-1,3-dienyl methanal; 1,1,3-Trimethyl-2-formylcyclohexa-2,4-diene; 1-Formyl-2,6,6-trimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene; 2,3-Dihydro-2,2,6-trimethylbenzaldehyde; 2,6,6-Trimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadienal; Safranal, >=90\\%, stabilized; SGAWOGXMMPSZPB-UHFFFAOYSA-; DEHYDRO-.BETA.-CYCLOCITRAL; Dehydro-beta-cyclocitral; Safranal (>80per cent); Dehydro-b-cyclocitral; Dehydro-β-cyclocitral; SAFRANAL [MI]; Tox21_202723; FEMA 3389; Safranal; Safranal; Safranal



数据库引用编号

21 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(1)

PlantCyc(1)

代谢反应

3 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(1)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(2)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

80 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。

亚细胞结构定位 关联基因列表
Cytoplasm 12 AKT1, ANXA5, BCL2, CASP3, CAT, EGFR, HPGDS, HTT, MTOR, PIK3CA, PTGS2, SIRT1
Peripheral membrane protein 4 ANXA5, GORASP1, MTOR, PTGS2
Endosome membrane 2 EGFR, HTT
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane 4 BCL2, EGFR, MTOR, PTGS2
Nucleus 8 AKT1, BCL2, CASP3, EGFR, FOS, HTT, MTOR, SIRT1
autophagosome 1 HTT
cytosol 11 AKT1, ANXA5, BCL2, CASP3, CAT, FOS, HPGDS, HTT, MTOR, PIK3CA, SIRT1
dendrite 2 HTT, MTOR
phagocytic vesicle 1 MTOR
nucleoplasm 7 AKT1, CASP3, FOS, HPGDS, HTT, MTOR, SIRT1
RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex 1 FOS
Cell membrane 4 AKT1, EGFR, HTT, TNF
Cytoplasmic side 2 GORASP1, MTOR
lamellipodium 2 AKT1, PIK3CA
ruffle membrane 1 EGFR
Early endosome membrane 1 EGFR
Multi-pass membrane protein 1 HTT
Golgi apparatus membrane 2 GORASP1, MTOR
Synapse 1 HTT
cell cortex 1 AKT1
cell junction 1 EGFR
cell surface 2 EGFR, TNF
glutamatergic synapse 3 AKT1, CASP3, EGFR
Golgi apparatus 2 GORASP1, HTT
Golgi membrane 4 EGFR, GORASP1, INS, MTOR
lysosomal membrane 1 MTOR
neuronal cell body 2 CASP3, TNF
postsynapse 1 AKT1
presynaptic membrane 1 HTT
sarcolemma 1 ANXA5
Lysosome 1 MTOR
endosome 1 EGFR
plasma membrane 5 AKT1, EGFR, HTT, PIK3CA, TNF
Membrane 6 AKT1, ANXA5, BCL2, CAT, EGFR, MTOR
apical plasma membrane 1 EGFR
axon 1 HTT
basolateral plasma membrane 1 EGFR
caveola 1 PTGS2
extracellular exosome 3 ANXA5, CAT, MMP9
Lysosome membrane 1 MTOR
endoplasmic reticulum 4 BCL2, FOS, HTT, PTGS2
extracellular space 7 EGFR, IL10, IL4, IL6, INS, MMP9, TNF
perinuclear region of cytoplasm 3 EGFR, HTT, PIK3CA
intercalated disc 1 PIK3CA
mitochondrion 3 BCL2, CAT, SIRT1
protein-containing complex 6 AKT1, BCL2, CAT, EGFR, HTT, PTGS2
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle 2 CAT, HPGDS
Microsome membrane 2 MTOR, PTGS2
postsynaptic density 1 CASP3
chromatin silencing complex 1 SIRT1
TORC1 complex 1 MTOR
TORC2 complex 1 MTOR
Single-pass type I membrane protein 1 EGFR
Secreted 4 IL10, IL4, IL6, INS
extracellular region 8 ANXA5, CAT, IL10, IL4, IL6, INS, MMP9, TNF
Mitochondrion outer membrane 2 BCL2, MTOR
Single-pass membrane protein 1 BCL2
mitochondrial outer membrane 2 BCL2, MTOR
mitochondrial matrix 1 CAT
Nucleus membrane 1 BCL2
Bcl-2 family protein complex 1 BCL2
nuclear membrane 2 BCL2, EGFR
external side of plasma membrane 2 ANXA5, TNF
Secreted, extracellular space, extracellular matrix 1 MMP9
microtubule cytoskeleton 1 AKT1
nucleolus 1 SIRT1
Early endosome 1 HTT
cell-cell junction 1 AKT1
recycling endosome 1 TNF
Single-pass type II membrane protein 1 TNF
vesicle 1 AKT1
postsynaptic membrane 1 HTT
heterochromatin 1 SIRT1
Membrane raft 3 EGFR, HTT, TNF
pore complex 1 BCL2
Cell junction, focal adhesion 1 HTT
focal adhesion 4 ANXA5, CAT, EGFR, HTT
spindle 1 AKT1
cis-Golgi network 1 GORASP1
Peroxisome 1 CAT
intracellular vesicle 1 EGFR
Peroxisome matrix 1 CAT
peroxisomal matrix 1 CAT
peroxisomal membrane 1 CAT
Nucleus, PML body 2 MTOR, SIRT1
PML body 2 MTOR, SIRT1
Mitochondrion intermembrane space 1 AKT1
mitochondrial intermembrane space 1 AKT1
collagen-containing extracellular matrix 2 ANXA5, MMP9
Nucleus inner membrane 1 PTGS2
Nucleus outer membrane 1 PTGS2
nuclear inner membrane 2 PTGS2, SIRT1
nuclear outer membrane 1 PTGS2
Late endosome 1 HTT
receptor complex 1 EGFR
Cell projection, neuron projection 1 HTT
Zymogen granule membrane 1 ANXA5
neuron projection 2 HTT, PTGS2
ciliary basal body 1 AKT1
chromatin 2 FOS, SIRT1
phagocytic cup 1 TNF
centriole 1 HTT
fibrillar center 1 SIRT1
nuclear envelope 2 MTOR, SIRT1
Endomembrane system 2 HTT, MTOR
endosome lumen 1 INS
Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane 1 HTT
euchromatin 1 SIRT1
myelin sheath 1 BCL2
basal plasma membrane 1 EGFR
synaptic membrane 1 EGFR
ficolin-1-rich granule lumen 2 CAT, MMP9
secretory granule lumen 2 CAT, INS
Golgi lumen 1 INS
endoplasmic reticulum lumen 3 IL6, INS, PTGS2
nuclear matrix 1 FOS
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex 1 PIK3CA
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class IA 1 PIK3CA
tertiary granule lumen 1 MMP9
transport vesicle 1 INS
Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane 2 GORASP1, INS
Golgi apparatus, cis-Golgi network membrane 1 GORASP1
vesicle membrane 1 ANXA5
clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane 1 EGFR
protein-DNA complex 1 FOS
death-inducing signaling complex 1 CASP3
eNoSc complex 1 SIRT1
rDNA heterochromatin 1 SIRT1
postsynaptic cytosol 1 HTT
Cytoplasmic vesicle, phagosome 1 MTOR
presynaptic cytosol 1 HTT
multivesicular body, internal vesicle lumen 1 EGFR
Shc-EGFR complex 1 EGFR
transcription factor AP-1 complex 1 FOS
[Tumor necrosis factor, soluble form]: Secreted 1 TNF
catalase complex 1 CAT
inclusion body 1 HTT
interleukin-6 receptor complex 1 IL6
endothelial microparticle 1 ANXA5
BAD-BCL-2 complex 1 BCL2
serotonergic synapse 1 HTT
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class IB 1 PIK3CA
[Huntingtin]: Cytoplasm 1 HTT
[Huntingtin, myristoylated N-terminal fragment]: Cytoplasmic vesicle, autophagosome 1 HTT
[C-domain 2]: Secreted 1 TNF
[Tumor necrosis factor, membrane form]: Membrane 1 TNF
[C-domain 1]: Secreted 1 TNF
[SirtT1 75 kDa fragment]: Cytoplasm 1 SIRT1


文献列表

  • Wenping Yang, Yongyue Wei, Jin Sun, Caixia Yao, Fen Ai, Haixia Ding. Safranal exerts a neuroprotective effect on Parkinson's disease with suppression of NLRP3 inflammation activation. Molecular biology reports. 2024 Apr; 51(1):593. doi: 10.1007/s11033-024-09537-y. [PMID: 38683404]
  • Rehana Kausar, Takumi Nishiuchi, Setsuko Komatsu. Proteomic and molecular analyses to understand the promotive effect of safranal on soybean growth under salt stress. Journal of proteomics. 2024 Mar; 294(?):105072. doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2024.105072. [PMID: 38218428]
  • Naoko Masumoto, Takumi Ohno, Toshihiro Suzuki, Tadayasu Togawa, Naoki Sugimoto. Application of the relative molar sensitivity method using GC-FID to quantify safranal in saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Journal of natural medicines. 2023 Sep; 77(4):829-838. doi: 10.1007/s11418-023-01724-8. [PMID: 37450205]
  • Camille Pouchieu, Line Pourtau, Julie Brossaud, David Gaudout, Jean-Benoit Corcuff, Lucile Capuron, Nathalie Castanon, Pierre Philip. Acute Effect of a Saffron Extract (Safr'InsideTM) and Its Main Volatile Compound on the Stress Response in Healthy Young Men: A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study. Nutrients. 2023 Jun; 15(13):. doi: 10.3390/nu15132921. [PMID: 37447245]
  • Faiq Amin, Mahmoud A A Ibrahim, Syed Rizwan-Ul-Hasan, Saima Khaliq, Gamal A Gabr, Muhammad, Asra Khan, Peter A Sidhom, Prashant Tikmani, Ahmed M Shawky, Saara Ahmad, Syed Hani Abidi. Interactions of Apigenin and Safranal with the 5HT1A and 5HT2A Receptors and Behavioral Effects in Depression and Anxiety: A Molecular Docking, Lipid-Mediated Molecular Dynamics, and In Vivo Analysis. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2022 Dec; 27(24):. doi: 10.3390/molecules27248658. [PMID: 36557792]
  • Elham Fazeli, Mohammad Hossein Eshaghi Ghalibaf, Fatemeh Forouzanfar. Neuroprotective Potency of Safranal Against Neurological Disorders. Current molecular medicine. 2022 11; ?(?):. doi: 10.2174/1566524023666221117104612. [PMID: 36397621]
  • Benjamin Moras, Camille Pouchieu, David Gaudout, Stéphane Rey, Anthony Anchisi, Xavier Saupin, Patrick Jame. Authentication of Iranian Saffron (Crocus sativus) Using Stable Isotopes δ13C and δ2H and Metabolites Quantification. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2022 Oct; 27(20):. doi: 10.3390/molecules27206801. [PMID: 36296396]
  • Nanda Sanju, Mittal Vineet, Madan Kumud. Development and Evaluation of a Broad spectrum Polyherbal Sunscreen formulation using Solid Lipid Nanoparticles of Safranal. Journal of cosmetic dermatology. 2022 Oct; 21(10):4433-4446. doi: 10.1111/jocd.14777. [PMID: 35034408]
  • Fatemeh Jafari, Seyed Ahmad Emami, Behjat Javadi, Zahra Salmasi, Mona Tayarani-Najjaran, Zahra Tayarani-Najaran. Inhibitory effect of saffron, crocin, crocetin, and safranal against adipocyte differentiation in human adipose-derived stem cells. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2022 Aug; 294(?):115340. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115340. [PMID: 35551973]
  • Messiah Sarfarazi, Qadir Rajabzadeh, Razieh Tavakoli, Salam A Ibrahim, Seid Mahdi Jafari. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of saffron bioactive compounds; separation of crocins, picrocrocin, and safranal optimized by artificial bee colony. Ultrasonics sonochemistry. 2022 May; 86(?):105971. doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.105971. [PMID: 35429897]
  • Asmaa S Shahat, Wafaa A Hassan, Wael M El-Sayed. N-Acetylcysteine and Safranal prevented the brain damage induced by hyperthyroidism in adult male rats. Nutritional neuroscience. 2022 Feb; 25(2):231-245. doi: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1743917. [PMID: 32264788]
  • Débora Cerdá-Bernad, Estefanía Valero-Cases, Joaquín-Julián Pastor, María José Frutos. Saffron bioactives crocin, crocetin and safranal: effect on oxidative stress and mechanisms of action. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition. 2022; 62(12):3232-3249. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1864279. [PMID: 33356506]
  • Bibi Marzieh Razavizadeh, Noora Arabshahi Delooei. Quantification of crocin, picrocrocin and safranal in saffron stigmas obtained from sounded corms with acoustic waves. Phytochemical analysis : PCA. 2021 Nov; 32(6):1059-1066. doi: 10.1002/pca.3047. [PMID: 33884676]
  • Fatemeh Forouzanfar, Elham Asadpour, Hossein Hosseinzadeh, Mohammad Taher Boroushaki, Afrouz Adab, Seyedeh Hoda Dastpeiman, Hamid R Sadeghnia. Safranal protects against ischemia-induced PC12 cell injury through inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology. 2021 04; 394(4):707-716. doi: 10.1007/s00210-020-01999-8. [PMID: 33128592]
  • Nikolaos Pitsikas. Crocus sativus L. Extracts and Its Constituents Crocins and Safranal; Potential Candidates for Schizophrenia Treatment?. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2021 Feb; 26(5):. doi: 10.3390/molecules26051237. [PMID: 33669124]
  • Natalia Moratalla-López, Shirin Parizad, Mina Koohi Habibi, Stephan Winter, Siamak Kalantari, Sayanta Bera, Candida Lorenzo, M Valle García-Rodríguez, Akbar Dizadji, Gonzalo L Alonso. Impact of two different dehydration methods on saffron quality, concerning the prevalence of Saffron latent virus (SaLV) in Iran. Food chemistry. 2021 Feb; 337(?):127786. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127786. [PMID: 32795861]
  • Fateme Sadat Moslemi, Atousa Vaziri, Golandam Sharifi, Javad Gharechahi. The effect of salt stress on the production of apocarotenoids and the expression of genes related to their biosynthesis in saffron. Molecular biology reports. 2021 Feb; 48(2):1707-1715. doi: 10.1007/s11033-021-06219-x. [PMID: 33611780]
  • Peeraphong Lertnimitphun, Wenhui Zhang, Wenwei Fu, Baican Yang, Changwu Zheng, Man Yuan, Hua Zhou, Xue Zhang, Weizhong Pei, Yue Lu, Hongxi Xu. Safranal Alleviated OVA-Induced Asthma Model and Inhibits Mast Cell Activation. Frontiers in immunology. 2021; 12(?):585595. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.585595. [PMID: 34093515]
  • Mohamed A Farag, Nesrine Hegazi, Eric Dokhalahy, Amira R Khattab. Chemometrics based GC-MS aroma profiling for revealing freshness, origin and roasting indices in saffron spice and its adulteration. Food chemistry. 2020 Nov; 331(?):127358. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127358. [PMID: 32593795]
  • Qiang Fang, Yueqing Li, Baofeng Liu, Xiangyu Meng, Zhongzhou Yang, Song Yang, Tingting Bao, Shadrack Kimani, Xiang Gao, Li Wang. Cloning and functional characterization of a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 2 gene in safranal and crocin biosynthesis from Freesia hybrida. Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB. 2020 Sep; 154(?):439-450. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.06.035. [PMID: 32912484]
  • Laura Orio, Francisco Alen, Antonio Ballesta, Raquel Martin, Raquel Gomez de Heras. Antianhedonic and Antidepressant Effects of Affron®, a Standardized Saffron (Crocus Sativus L.) Extract. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2020 Jul; 25(14):. doi: 10.3390/molecules25143207. [PMID: 32679643]
  • Yurun Xue, Weiyue Jin, Yucong Xue, Yuanyuan Zhang, Hongfang Wang, Yixin Zhang, Shengjiang Guan, Xi Chu, Jianping Zhang. Safranal, an active constituent of saffron, ameliorates myocardial ischemia via reduction of oxidative stress and regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis. Journal of pharmacological sciences. 2020 Jul; 143(3):156-164. doi: 10.1016/j.jphs.2020.03.005. [PMID: 32278466]
  • Javad Mottaghipisheh, Mohammad Mahmoodi Sourestani, Tivadar Kiss, Attila Horváth, Barbara Tóth, Mehdi Ayanmanesh, Amin Khamushi, Dezső Csupor. Comprehensive chemotaxonomic analysis of saffron crocus tepal and stamen samples, as raw materials with potential antidepressant activity. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2020 May; 184(?):113183. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113183. [PMID: 32105944]
  • Shirin Parizad, Akbar Dizadji, Mina Koohi Habibi, Stephan Winter, Siamak Kalantari, Shahrbanoo Movi, Candida Lorenzo Tendero, Gonzalo L Alonso, Natalia Moratalla-Lopez. The effects of geographical origin and virus infection on the saffron (Crocus sativus L.) quality. Food chemistry. 2019 Oct; 295(?):387-394. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.05.116. [PMID: 31174773]
  • Loriana Cardone, Donato Castronuovo, Michele Perniola, Nunzia Cicco, Vincenzo Candido. Evaluation of corm origin and climatic conditions on saffron (Crocus sativus L.) yield and quality. Journal of the science of food and agriculture. 2019 Oct; 99(13):5858-5869. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.9860. [PMID: 31206680]
  • Gianfranco Diretto, Oussama Ahrazem, Ángela Rubio-Moraga, Alessia Fiore, Filippo Sevi, Javier Argandoña, Lourdes Gómez-Gómez. UGT709G1: a novel uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of picrocrocin, the precursor of safranal in saffron (Crocus sativus). The New phytologist. 2019 10; 224(2):725-740. doi: 10.1111/nph.16079. [PMID: 31356694]
  • Samira Feyzi, Mehdi Varidi, Mohammad Reza Housaindokht, Zarrin Es'haghi. Binding of safranal to whey proteins in aqueous solution: Combination of headspace solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography with multi spectroscopic techniques and docking studies. Food chemistry. 2019 Jul; 287(?):313-323. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.02.065. [PMID: 30857705]
  • Mohaddeseh Sadat Alavi, Sahar Fanoudi, Ameneh Veisi Fard, Mohammad Soukhtanloo, Mahmoud Hosseini, Hanif Barzegar, Hamid R Sadeghnia. Safranal Attenuates Excitotoxin-Induced Oxidative OLN-93 Cells Injury. Drug research. 2019 Jun; 69(6):323-329. doi: 10.1055/a-0790-8200. [PMID: 30463091]
  • Zahra Aghaei, Seid Mahdi Jafari, Danial Dehnad. Effect of Different Drying Methods on the Physicochemical Properties and Bioactive Components of Saffron Powder. Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands). 2019 Jun; 74(2):171-178. doi: 10.1007/s11130-019-00729-7. [PMID: 31001725]
  • Hossein Mardani, John Maninang, Kwame Sarpong Appiah, Yosei Oikawa, Majid Azizi, Yoshiharu Fujii. Evaluation of Biological Response of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and Weeds to Safranal Allelochemical of Saffron (Crocus sativus) by Using Static Exposure Method. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2019 May; 24(9):. doi: 10.3390/molecules24091788. [PMID: 31072064]
  • Esmaeal Tamaddonfard, Amir Erfanparast, Amir Abbas Farshid, Mehdi Imani, Navideh Mirzakhani, Reza Salighedar, Sina Tamaddonfard. Safranal, a constituent of saffron, exerts gastro-protective effects against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer. Life sciences. 2019 May; 224(?):88-94. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.03.054. [PMID: 30914317]
  • Mohd Sajid Ali, Hamad A Al-Lohedan, Mohammad Tariq, Mohammad Abul Farah, Mohammad Altaf, S M Wabaidur, S M Shakeel Iqubal, Sartaj Tabassum, Mahmood M S Abdullah. Modulation of amyloid fibril formation of plasma protein by saffron constituent "safranal": Spectroscopic and imaging analyses. International journal of biological macromolecules. 2019 Apr; 127(?):529-535. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.052. [PMID: 30654036]
  • Tofigh Taherkhani, Rasool Asghari Zakaria, Mansoor Omidi, Naser Zare. Effect of ultrasonic waves on crocin and safranal content and expression of their controlling genes in suspension culture of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Natural product research. 2019 Feb; 33(4):486-493. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1396598. [PMID: 29124962]
  • Sheila Leone, Lucia Recinella, Annalisa Chiavaroli, Giustino Orlando, Claudio Ferrante, Lidia Leporini, Luigi Brunetti, Luigi Menghini. Phytotherapic use of the Crocus sativus L. (Saffron) and its potential applications: A brief overview. Phytotherapy research : PTR. 2018 Dec; 32(12):2364-2375. doi: 10.1002/ptr.6181. [PMID: 30136324]
  • Yi Zhao, Gangming Xi. Safranal-promoted differentiation and survival of dopaminergic neurons in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. Pharmaceutical biology. 2018 Dec; 56(1):450-454. doi: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1501705. [PMID: 30354840]
  • Mohd Sajid Ali, Hamad A Al-Lohedan. Spectroscopic and computational evaluation on the binding of safranal with human serum albumin: Role of inner filter effect in fluorescence spectral correction. Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy. 2018 Oct; 203(?):434-442. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.05.102. [PMID: 29894957]
  • Fotini N Lamari, Vassilis Papasotiropoulos, Dimitris Tsiris, Stavros E Bariamis, Konstantinos Sotirakis, Efthimia Pitsi, Amalia P Vogiatzoglou, Gregoris Iatrou. Phytochemical and genetic characterization of styles of wild Crocus species from the island of Crete, Greece and comparison to those of cultivated C. sativus. Fitoterapia. 2018 Oct; 130(?):225-233. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.09.003. [PMID: 30213756]
  • Benjamin Moras, Loïc Loffredo, Stéphane Rey. Quality assessment of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) extracts via UHPLC-DAD-MS analysis and detection of adulteration using gardenia fruit extract (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis). Food chemistry. 2018 Aug; 257(?):325-332. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.03.025. [PMID: 29622218]
  • Niloufar Rahiman, Maryam Akaberi, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Seyed Ahmad Emami, Zahra Tayarani-Najaran. Protective effects of saffron and its active components against oxidative stress and apoptosis in endothelial cells. Microvascular research. 2018 07; 118(?):82-89. doi: 10.1016/j.mvr.2018.03.003. [PMID: 29524452]
  • Yibing Zhang, Yong Zhao, Jianyou Guo, Haifeng Cui, Sha Liu. Anticancer activity of safranal against colon carcinoma is due to induction of apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest mediated by suppression of mTOR/PI3K/Akt pathway. Journal of B.U.ON. : official journal of the Balkan Union of Oncology. 2018 May; 23(3):574-578. doi: . [PMID: 30003721]
  • Liu Bo-Qiang, Zhang Si-Tong, Lin Zu-Yuan, Nie Wan-Yun, Chen Bin, Lu Yuan, Li Xuyun, Mao Liangen, Chen You-Chao, Yin Xin-Zhen, Chen Zhong, Ying Xiao-Ying, Hu Wei-Wei. Safranal carried by nanostructured lipid vehicles inhibits generalized epilepsy in mice. Die Pharmazie. 2018 04; 73(4):207-212. doi: 10.1691/ph.2018.7310. [PMID: 29609687]
  • Maryam Rameshrad, Bibi Marjan Razavi, Hossein Hosseinzadeh. Saffron and its derivatives, crocin, crocetin and safranal: a patent review. Expert opinion on therapeutic patents. 2018 02; 28(2):147-165. doi: 10.1080/13543776.2017.1355909. [PMID: 28705037]
  • Syed Imran Bukhari, Mahreen Manzoor, M K Dhar. A comprehensive review of the pharmacological potential of Crocus sativus and its bioactive apocarotenoids. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie. 2018 Feb; 98(?):733-745. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.090. [PMID: 29306211]
  • Sanith Cheriyamundath, Sinjan Choudhary, Manu Lopus. Safranal Inhibits HeLa Cell Viability by Perturbing the Reassembly Potential of Microtubules. Phytotherapy research : PTR. 2018 Jan; 32(1):170-173. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5938. [PMID: 29024138]
  • María José Bagur, Gonzalo Luis Alonso Salinas, Antonia M Jiménez-Monreal, Soukaina Chaouqi, Silvia Llorens, Magdalena Martínez-Tomé, Gonzalo L Alonso. Saffron: An Old Medicinal Plant and a Potential Novel Functional Food. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2017 Dec; 23(1):. doi: 10.3390/molecules23010030. [PMID: 29295497]
  • Raheleh Jabini, Melika Ehtesham-Gharaee, Zohreh Dalirsani, Fatemeh Mosaffa, Zahra Delavarian, Javad Behravan. Evaluation of the Cytotoxic Activity of Crocin and Safranal, Constituents of Saffron, in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (KB Cell Line). Nutrition and cancer. 2017 Aug; 69(6):911-919. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1339816. [PMID: 28718677]
  • Graham Kell, Amanda Rao, Gavin Beccaria, Paul Clayton, Antonio Manuel Inarejos-García, Marin Prodanov. affron® a novel saffron extract (Crocus sativus L.) improves mood in healthy adults over 4 weeks in a double-blind, parallel, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Complementary therapies in medicine. 2017 Aug; 33(?):58-64. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2017.06.001. [PMID: 28735826]
  • Niyaz Ahmad, Rizwan Ahmad, Atta Abbas Naqvi, Mohammad Ashafaq, Md Aftab Alam, Farhan Jalees Ahmad, Mastour Safer Al-Ghamdi. The effect of safranal loaded mucoadhesive nanoemulsion on oxidative stress markers in cerebral ischemia. Artificial cells, nanomedicine, and biotechnology. 2017 Jun; 45(4):775-787. doi: 10.1080/21691401.2016.1228659. [PMID: 27609117]
  • Aubid Hussain Malik, Nasheeman Ashraf. Transcriptome wide identification, phylogenetic analysis, and expression profiling of zinc-finger transcription factors from Crocus sativus L. Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG. 2017 Jun; 292(3):619-633. doi: 10.1007/s00438-017-1295-3. [PMID: 28247040]
  • M Valle García-Rodríguez, Horacio López-Córcoles, Gonzalo L Alonso, Christos S Pappas, Moschos G Polissiou, Petros A Tarantilis. Comparative evaluation of an ISO 3632 method and an HPLC-DAD method for safranal quantity determination in saffron. Food chemistry. 2017 Apr; 221(?):838-843. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.11.089. [PMID: 27979282]
  • Afshin Faridi Esfanjani, Seid Mahdi Jafari, Elham Assadpour. Preparation of a multiple emulsion based on pectin-whey protein complex for encapsulation of saffron extract nanodroplets. Food chemistry. 2017 Apr; 221(?):1962-1969. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.11.149. [PMID: 27979187]
  • Riccardo Nescatelli, Simone Carradori, Federico Marini, Vicky Caponigro, Remo Bucci, Celeste De Monte, Adriano Mollica, Luisa Mannina, Mariangela Ceruso, Claudiu T Supuran, Daniela Secci. Geographical characterization by MAE-HPLC and NIR methodologies and carbonic anhydrase inhibition of Saffron components. Food chemistry. 2017 Apr; 221(?):855-863. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.11.086. [PMID: 27979284]
  • Yasemin Sunucu Karafakıoğlu, Mehmet Fatih Bozkurt, Ömer Hazman, A Fatih Fıdan. Efficacy of safranal to cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. The Biochemical journal. 2017 03; 474(7):1195-1203. doi: 10.1042/bcj20160971. [PMID: 28188255]
  • Mitali Dawalbhakta, Manasi Telang. Patents on Therapeutic and Cosmetic Applications of Bioactives of Crocus Sativus L. and their Production through Synthetic Biology Methods: A Review. Recent patents on biotechnology. 2017; 11(1):3-19. doi: 10.2174/1872210510666161114123804. [PMID: 27842483]
  • P-K Pan, L-Y Qiao, X-N Wen. Safranal prevents rotenone-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in an in vitro model of Parkinson's disease through regulating Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France). 2016 Dec; 62(14):11-17. doi: 10.14715/cmb/ 2016.62.14.2. [PMID: 28145852]
  • G K Broadhead, A Chang, J Grigg, P McCluskey. Efficacy and Safety of Saffron Supplementation: Current Clinical Findings. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition. 2016 Dec; 56(16):2767-76. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2013.879467. [PMID: 25875654]
  • Reza Feyzi, Mohammad Hossein Boskabady, Seyedeh Masoumeh Seyedhosseini Tamijani, Houshang Rafatpanah, Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaei. The Effect of Safranal on Th1/Th2 Cytokine Balance. Iranian journal of immunology : IJI. 2016 Dec; 13(4):263-273. doi: ijiv13i4a3. [PMID: 27999238]
  • Angelo Antonio D'Archivio, Andrea Giannitto, Maria Anna Maggi, Fabrizio Ruggieri. Geographical classification of Italian saffron (Crocus sativus L.) based on chemical constituents determined by high-performance liquid-chromatography and by using linear discriminant analysis. Food chemistry. 2016 Dec; 212(?):110-6. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.05.149. [PMID: 27374513]
  • Ziya Taner Ozkececi, Yucel Gonul, Yasemin Yuksel, Afra Karavelioglu, Kamil Tunay, Yusuf Gulsari, Onder Cartilli, Omer Hazman, Ahmet Bal. Investigation of the effect of safranal and crocin pre-treatment on hepatic injury induced by infrarenal aortic occlusion. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie. 2016 Oct; 83(?):160-166. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.06.027. [PMID: 27470563]
  • Seyed Adel Moallem, Mohammad Afshar, Leila Etemad, Bibi Marjan Razavi, Hossein Hosseinzadeh. Evaluation of teratogenic effects of crocin and safranal, active ingredients of saffron, in mice. Toxicology and industrial health. 2016 Feb; 32(2):285-91. doi: 10.1177/0748233713500818. [PMID: 24097366]
  • Ömer Hazman, Mehmet Fatih Bozkurt. Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidative Activities of Safranal in the Reduction of Renal Dysfunction and Damage that Occur in Diabetic Nephropathy. Inflammation. 2015 Aug; 38(4):1537-45. doi: 10.1007/s10753-015-0128-y. [PMID: 25667012]
  • Chen Zhang, Jun Ma, Lihong Fan, Yulong Zou, Xiaoqian Dang, Kunzheng Wang, Jinhui Song. Neuroprotective effects of safranal in a rat model of traumatic injury to the spinal cord by anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and edema-attenuating. Tissue & cell. 2015 Jun; 47(3):291-300. doi: 10.1016/j.tice.2015.03.007. [PMID: 25891268]
  • Monica Bononi, Paola Milella, Fernando Tateo. Gas chromatography of safranal as preferable method for the commercial grading of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Food chemistry. 2015 Jun; 176(?):17-21. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.12.047. [PMID: 25624201]
  • Hossein Mardani, Takayuki Sekine, Majid Azizi, Maryia Mishyna, Yoshiharu Fujii. Identification of safranal as the main allelochemical from saffron (Crocus sativus). Natural product communications. 2015 May; 10(5):775-7. doi: ". [PMID: 26058156]
  • Syed Imran Bukhari, Bijay Pattnaik, Sheikh Rayees, Sanjana Kaul, Manoj K Dhar. Safranal of Crocus sativus L. inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase and attenuates asthma in a mouse model of asthma. Phytotherapy research : PTR. 2015 Apr; 29(4):617-27. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5315. [PMID: 25756352]
  • Ömer Hazman, Serhat Ovalı. Investigation of the anti-inflammatory effects of safranal on high-fat diet and multiple low-dose streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetes rat model. Inflammation. 2015; 38(3):1012-9. doi: 10.1007/s10753-014-0065-1. [PMID: 25411096]
  • Saeed Samarghandian, Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad, Fariborz Samini. Preventive effect of safranal against oxidative damage in aged male rat brain. Experimental animals. 2015; 64(1):65-71. doi: 10.1538/expanim.14-0027. [PMID: 25312506]
  • G Dovrtělová, K Nosková, J Juřica, M Turjap, O Zendulka. Can bioactive compounds of Crocus sativus L. influence the metabolic activity of selected CYP enzymes in the rat?. Physiological research. 2015; 64(Suppl 4):S453-8. doi: 10.33549/physiolres.933203. [PMID: 26681074]
  • Lidia Rodríguez-Neira, María Asunción Lage-Yusty, Julia López-Hernández. Influence of culinary processing time on saffron's bioactive compounds (Crocus sativus L.). Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands). 2014 Dec; 69(4):291-6. doi: 10.1007/s11130-014-0447-4. [PMID: 25373843]
  • M Valle García-Rodríguez, Jéssica Serrano-Díaz, Petros A Tarantilis, Horacio López-Córcoles, Manuel Carmona, Gonzalo L Alonso. Determination of saffron quality by high-performance liquid chromatography. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2014 Aug; 62(32):8068-74. doi: 10.1021/jf5019356. [PMID: 25075549]
  • Celeste De Monte, Simone Carradori, Paola Chimenti, Daniela Secci, Luisa Mannina, Francesca Alcaro, Anél Petzer, Clarina I N'Da, Maria Concetta Gidaro, Giosuè Costa, Stefano Alcaro, Jacobus P Petzer. New insights into the biological properties of Crocus sativus L.: chemical modifications, human monoamine oxidases inhibition and molecular modeling studies. European journal of medicinal chemistry. 2014 Jul; 82(?):164-71. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.05.048. [PMID: 24904963]
  • Mehdi Rabani-Foroutagheh, Yousef Hamidoghli, Seyed Ahmad Mohajeri. Effect of split foliar fertilisation on the quality and quantity of active constituents in saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Journal of the science of food and agriculture. 2014 Jul; 94(9):1872-8. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.6506. [PMID: 24288269]
  • Ayumi Maeda, Kenji Kai, Megumi Ishii, Takeshi Ishii, Mitsugu Akagawa. Safranal, a novel protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitor, activates insulin signaling in C2C12 myotubes and improves glucose tolerance in diabetic KK-Ay mice. Molecular nutrition & food research. 2014 Jun; 58(6):1177-89. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201300675. [PMID: 24668740]
  • Esmaeal Tamaddonfard, Amir Abbas Farshid, Shirin Maroufi, Sharare Kazemi-Shojaei, Amir Erfanparast, Siamak Asri-Rezaei, Mina Taati, Milad Dabbaghi, Mona Escort. Effects of safranal, a constituent of saffron, and vitamin E on nerve functions and histopathology following crush injury of sciatic nerve in rats. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology. 2014 Apr; 21(5):717-23. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.10.031. [PMID: 24315349]
  • Mohammad Hossein Boskabady, Goltaj Byrami, Azadeh Feizpour. The effect of safranal, a constituent of Crocus sativus (saffron), on tracheal responsiveness, serum levels of cytokines, total NO and nitrite in sensitized guinea pigs. Pharmacological reports : PR. 2014 Feb; 66(1):56-61. doi: 10.1016/j.pharep.2013.08.004. [PMID: 24905307]
  • Lina Cossignani, Eleonora Urbani, Maria Stella Simonetti, Angela Maurizi, Claudia Chiesi, Francesca Blasi. Characterisation of secondary metabolites in saffron from central Italy (Cascia, Umbria). Food chemistry. 2014 Jan; 143(?):446-51. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.08.020. [PMID: 24054265]
  • Bizhan Malaekeh-Nikouei, Seyed Hadi Mousavi, Shabnam Shahsavand, Soghra Mehri, Horiyeh Nassirli, Seyed Adel Moallem. Assessment of cytotoxic properties of safranal and nanoliposomal safranal in various cancer cell lines. Phytotherapy research : PTR. 2013 Dec; 27(12):1868-73. doi: 10.1002/ptr.4945. [PMID: 23494763]
  • Nguyen Huu Tung, Yukihiro Shoyama. New minor glycoside components from saffron. Journal of natural medicines. 2013 Jul; 67(3):672-6. doi: 10.1007/s11418-012-0721-4. [PMID: 23179314]
  • Hossein Hosseinzadeh, Marjan Nassiri-Asl. Avicenna's (Ibn Sina) the Canon of Medicine and saffron (Crocus sativus): a review. Phytotherapy research : PTR. 2013 Apr; 27(4):475-83. doi: 10.1002/ptr.4784. [PMID: 22815242]
  • Seyed Kazem Farahmand, Fariborz Samini, Mohammad Samini, Saeed Samarghandian. Safranal ameliorates antioxidant enzymes and suppresses lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide formation in aged male rat liver. Biogerontology. 2013 Feb; 14(1):63-71. doi: 10.1007/s10522-012-9409-0. [PMID: 23179288]
  • Saeed Samarghandian, Abasalt Borji, Mohammad Bagher Delkhosh, Fariborz Samini. Safranal treatment improves hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques. 2013; 16(2):352-62. doi: 10.18433/j3zs3q. [PMID: 23958204]
  • M H Boskabady, A Tabatabaee, G Byrami. The effect of the extract of Crocus sativus and its constituent safranal, on lung pathology and lung inflammation of ovalbumin sensitized guinea-pigs. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology. 2012 Jul; 19(10):904-11. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.05.006. [PMID: 22743244]
  • Bahareh Amin, Hossein Hosseinzadeh. Evaluation of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of saffron, Crocus sativus L., and its constituents, safranal and crocin in allodynia and hyperalgesia induced by chronic constriction injury model of neuropathic pain in rats. Fitoterapia. 2012 Jul; 83(5):888-95. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.03.022. [PMID: 22484092]
  • Sándor Gonda, Péter Parizsa, Gyula Surányi, Gyöngyi Gyémánt, Gábor Vasas. Quantification of main bioactive metabolites from saffron (Crocus sativus) stigmas by a micellar electrokinetic chromatographic (MEKC) method. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2012 Jul; 66(?):68-74. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.03.002. [PMID: 22464563]
  • George D Geromichalos, Fotini N Lamari, Magdalini A Papandreou, Dimitrios T Trafalis, Marigoula Margarity, Athanasios Papageorgiou, Zacharias Sinakos. Saffron as a source of novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: molecular docking and in vitro enzymatic studies. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2012 Jun; 60(24):6131-8. doi: 10.1021/jf300589c. [PMID: 22655699]
  • Bahar-al-Sadat Halataei, Maryam Khosravi, Sedigheh Arbabian, Hedayat Sahraei, Leila Golmanesh, Homeira Zardooz, Cyrus Jalili, Hassan Ghoshooni. Saffron (Crocus sativus) aqueous extract and its constituent crocin reduces stress-induced anorexia in mice. Phytotherapy research : PTR. 2011 Dec; 25(12):1833-8. doi: 10.1002/ptr.3495. [PMID: 21503997]
  • H Ghoshooni, M Daryaafzoon, S Sadeghi-Gharjehdagi, H Zardooz, H Sahraei, S P Tehrani, A Noroozzadeh, F Bahrami-Shenasfandi, G H Kaka, S H Sadraei. Saffron (Crocus sativus) ethanolic extract and its constituent, safranal, inhibits morphine-induced place preference in mice. Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS. 2011 Oct; 14(20):939-44. doi: 10.3923/pjbs.2011.939.944. [PMID: 22514895]
  • Zahra Hooshmandi, Ali Haeri Rohani, Akram Eidi, Zahra Fatahi, Leila Golmanesh, Hedayat Sahraei. Reduction of metabolic and behavioral signs of acute stress in male Wistar rats by saffron water extract and its constituent safranal. Pharmaceutical biology. 2011 Sep; 49(9):947-54. doi: 10.3109/13880209.2011.558103. [PMID: 21592014]
  • Hajime Fukui, Kumiko Toyoshima, Ryoichi Komaki. Psychological and neuroendocrinological effects of odor of saffron (Crocus sativus). Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology. 2011 Jun; 18(8-9):726-30. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.11.013. [PMID: 21242071]
  • Magdalini A Papandreou, Maria Tsachaki, Spiros Efthimiopoulos, Paul Cordopatis, Fotini N Lamari, Marigoula Margarity. Memory enhancing effects of saffron in aged mice are correlated with antioxidant protection. Behavioural brain research. 2011 Jun; 219(2):197-204. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.01.007. [PMID: 21238492]
  • Abdul Ahad, Mohammed Aqil, Kanchan Kohli, Yasmin Sultana, Mohd Mujeeb, Asgar Ali. Role of novel terpenes in transcutaneous permeation of valsartan: effectiveness and mechanism of action. Drug development and industrial pharmacy. 2011 May; 37(5):583-96. doi: 10.3109/03639045.2010.532219. [PMID: 21469947]
  • Alireza Timcheh Hariri, Seyed Adel Moallem, Mahmoud Mahmoudi, Hossein Hosseinzadeh. The effect of crocin and safranal, constituents of saffron, against subacute effect of diazinon on hematological and genotoxicity indices in rats. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology. 2011 Apr; 18(6):499-504. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.10.001. [PMID: 21036580]
  • Mohammad Hossein Boskabady, Mahbobaeh Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar, Zahra Jafari. The effect of safranal on histamine (H(1)) receptors of guinea pig tracheal chains. Fitoterapia. 2011 Mar; 82(2):162-7. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2010.08.017. [PMID: 20804826]
  • Ankita Varshney, Mohd Rehan, Naidu Subbarao, Gulam Rabbani, Rizwan Hasan Khan. Elimination of endogenous toxin, creatinine from blood plasma depends on albumin conformation: site specific uremic toxicity & impaired drug binding. PloS one. 2011 Feb; 6(2):e17230. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017230. [PMID: 21386972]
  • Ana M Sánchez, Manuel Carmona, Manuel Jarén-Galán, M Isabel Mínguez Mosquera, Gonzalo L Alonso. Picrocrocin kinetics in aqueous saffron spice extracts (Crocus sativus L.) upon thermal treatment. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2011 Jan; 59(1):249-55. doi: 10.1021/jf102828v. [PMID: 21141822]
  • Alireza Timcheh Hariri, Seyed Adel Moallem, Mahmoud Mahmoudi, Bahram Memar, Hossein Hosseinzadeh. Sub-acute effects of diazinon on biochemical indices and specific biomarkers in rats: protective effects of crocin and safranal. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association. 2010 Oct; 48(10):2803-8. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.07.010. [PMID: 20637253]
  • Igor Jerković, Zvonimir Marijanović. Volatile composition screening of Salix spp. nectar honey: benzenecarboxylic acids, norisoprenoids, terpenes, and others. Chemistry & biodiversity. 2010 Sep; 7(9):2309-25. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.201000021. [PMID: 20860033]
  • Seyed Ahmad Mohajeri, Hossein Hosseinzadeh, Fariborz Keyhanfar, Javad Aghamohammadian. Extraction of crocin from saffron (Crocus sativus) using molecularly imprinted polymer solid-phase extraction. Journal of separation science. 2010 Aug; 33(15):2302-9. doi: 10.1002/jssc.201000183. [PMID: 20589782]
  • Mohsen Imenshahidi, Hossein Hosseinzadeh, Yaser Javadpour. Hypotensive effect of aqueous saffron extract (Crocus sativus L.) and its constituents, safranal and crocin, in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Phytotherapy research : PTR. 2010 Jul; 24(7):990-4. doi: 10.1002/ptr.3044. [PMID: 20013822]