Fucosterol (BioDeep_00000279493)

PANOMIX_OTCML-2023

代谢物信息卡片

(24E)-24-n-propylidenecholesterol;(3beta,24E)-stigmasta-5,24(28)-dien-3-ol;(E)-stigmasta-5,24(28)-dien-3beta-ol;24E-ethylidene-cholest-5-en-3beta-ol;fucosterin;trans-24-ethylidenecholesterol

化学式: C29H48O (412.37049579999996)
中文名称: 岩皂甾醇
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 Homo sapiens(blood) 0.15%

分子结构信息

SMILES: C/C=C(C(C)C)/CC[C@@H](C)[C@H]1CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])CC=C4CC(O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])CC[C@]12C
InChI: InChI=1S/C29H48O/c1-7-21(19(2)3)9-8-20(4)25-12-13-26-24-11-10-22-18-23(30)14-16-28(22,5)27(24)15-17-29(25,26)6/h7,11,19-20,22-23,25-27,30H,8-10,12-18H2,1-6H3/b21-7-

描述信息

A 3beta-sterol consisting of stigmastan-3beta-ol with double bonds at positions 5 and 24(28).
(3b,5a,24(28)e)-stigmasta-7,24(28)-dien-3-ol belongs to stigmastanes and derivatives class of compounds. Those are sterol lipids with a structure based on the stigmastane skeleton, which consists of a cholestane moiety bearing an ethyl group at the carbon atom C24 (3b,5a,24(28)e)-stigmasta-7,24(28)-dien-3-ol is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). (3b,5a,24(28)e)-stigmasta-7,24(28)-dien-3-ol can be found in horseradish tree and sunflower, which makes (3b,5a,24(28)e)-stigmasta-7,24(28)-dien-3-ol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
Fucosterol is a sterol isolated from algae, seaweed or diatoms.?Fucosterol exhibits various biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-adipogenic, blood cholesterol reducing, anti-diabetic and anti-cancer activities[1][2]. Fucosterol regulates adipogenesis via inhibition of?PPARα?and?C/EBPα?expression and can be used for anti-obesity agents development research[1].
Fucosterol is a sterol isolated from algae, seaweed or diatoms.?Fucosterol exhibits various biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-adipogenic, blood cholesterol reducing, anti-diabetic and anti-cancer activities[1][2]. Fucosterol regulates adipogenesis via inhibition of?PPARα?and?C/EBPα?expression and can be used for anti-obesity agents development research[1].

同义名列表

16 个代谢物同义名

Fucosterol; 24Z-ethylidene-cholest-5-en-3-ol; (24E)-24-N-propylidenecholesterol; Stigmasta-7,24(28)-dien-3-ol; (3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(E,1R)-4-isopropyl-1-methyl-hex-4-enyl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol; (3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(E,1R)-4-isopropyl-1-methylhex-4-enyl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol; (3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(E,2R)-5-propan-2-ylhept-5-en-2-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol; 24-Isoethylidenecholest-5-en-3beta-ol, delta(5)-avenasterol; Stigmasta-5,24(28)-dien-3-ol, (3beta,24E)-; Stigmasta-5,24-dien-3beta-ol; Fucosterin; 17605-67-3; C08817; (24E)-24-n-propylidenecholesterol;(3beta,24E)-stigmasta-5,24(28)-dien-3-ol;(E)-stigmasta-5,24(28)-dien-3beta-ol;24E-ethylidene-cholest-5-en-3beta-ol;fucosterin;trans-24-ethylidenecholesterol; (24E)-stigmasta-5,24(28)-dien-3beta-ol; ST 29:2;O

数据库引用编号

19 个数据库交叉引用编号

ChEBI: CHEBI:27865
ChEBI: CHEBI:173015
KEGG: C08817
PubChem: 5283635
PubChem: 5281328
PubChem: 86747
ChEMBL: CHEMBL519971
LipidMAPS: LMST01040255
LipidMAPS: LMST01040121
MetaCyc: CPD-4127
foodb: FDB021844
CAS: 17605-67-3
PMhub: MS000020218
MetaboLights: MTBLC27865
PubChem: 11010
KNApSAcK: C00003653
3DMET: B02435
NIKKAJI: J9.102B
medchemexpress: HY-N4103

分类词条

代谢反应

0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

93 个相关的物种来源信息

328098 - Acanthus ilicifolius: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81558-7
981110 - Alitta succinea: 10.1016/0039-128X(94)90124-4
29722 - Amaranthus tricolor: 10.1006/BIOO.1993.1007
942674 - Amphilectus fucorum: 10.1016/S0040-4020(01)85914-7
7461 - Apis cerana: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0175573
3702 - Arabidopsis thaliana: 10.1016/0031-9422(93)85095-9
52969 - Ascophyllum nodosum: 10.1016/0031-9422(83)83040-4
1134458 - Avicennia officinalis: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81558-7
39984 - Bruguiera gymnorhiza: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81558-7
499615 - Canistrocarpus cervicornis: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90430-8
4222 - Carthamus tinctorius: 10.1002/PTR.2650080603
76317 - Caulerpa racemosa: 10.1016/0031-9422(92)80435-H
76313 - Caulerpa taxifolia: 10.1016/0031-9422(92)80435-H
31298 - Chara australis: 10.1021/NP50076A041
1577725 - Conticribra weissflogii: 10.1016/0031-9422(91)83634-W
29159 - Crassostrea gigas: 10.1016/S0305-0491(97)00269-1
29204 - Cyclotella cryptica: 10.1016/0031-9422(91)83634-W
590725 - Cystoseira barbata: 10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00588-2
83371 - Detonula confervacea: 10.1016/0031-9422(91)83634-W
531973 - Dictyopteris delicatula: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90430-8
156996 - Dictyopteris divaricata: 10.1021/NP040099D
2876 - Dictyota dichotoma:
499618 - Dictyota fasciola: 10.1016/J.TET.2009.10.081
381676 - Dictyota mertensii: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90430-8
499621 - Dictyota spiralis: 10.1016/J.TET.2009.10.081
120407 - Dictyuchus monosporus: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80786-4
397682 - Diplopterygium glaucum: 10.1248/CPB.41.624
295239 - Dragmacidon lunaecharta: 10.1016/0039-128X(81)90070-2
91052 - Durvillaea potatorum: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90336-4
105407 - Ecklonia cava: 10.1016/J.BMC.2009.01.031
458493 - Ectyoplasia ferox: 10.1007/BF02535143
6395 - Eisenia bicyclis: 10.1016/0031-9422(90)85305-Y
2651306 - Ellisella paraplexauroides: 10.1016/0305-0491(92)90235-J
189428 - Flabellia petiolata: 10.1080/10575630008043770
49266 - Fucus vesiculosus: 10.1016/0031-9422(83)83040-4
87150 - Fucus virsoides: 10.1515/ZNB-1994-0923
3274 - Gleichenia japonica: 10.1248/CPB.41.624
6058 - Haliclona oculata: 10.1139/V85-398
3107 - Hydrodictyon reticulatum: 10.1016/0031-9422(91)80079-G
177573 - Hymeniacidon perlevis: 10.1016/S0040-4020(01)88936-5
80912 - Kalanchoe petitiana: 10.1016/0031-9422(91)83027-I
77624 - Lamprothamnium papulosum: 10.1021/NP50076A041
238994 - Leptogorgia piccola: 10.1016/0305-0491(92)90235-J
1528112 - Leptogorgia viminalis: 10.1016/0305-0491(92)90235-J
239013 - Leptogorgia violetta: 10.1016/0305-0491(92)90235-J
2171618 - Magallana gigas: 10.1016/S0305-0491(97)00269-1
353996 - Mansoa alliacea: 10.1006/BIOO.1993.1007
200951 - Melilotus indicus: 10.1016/0305-1978(95)00105-0
40811 - Nitellopsis obtusa: 10.1021/NP50076A041
4146 - Olea europaea: 10.1007/BF02541591
439534 - Padina gymnospora: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80787-6
531984 - Padina pavonica: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80787-6
4054 - Panax ginseng: 10.1007/BF02645749
44588 - Panax quinquefolius: 10.1007/BF02645749
68564 - Petrosia ficiformis: 10.1016/0039-128X(80)90095-1
3885 - Phaseolus vulgaris: 10.1016/0031-9422(88)83160-1
33090 - Plants: -
569448 - Salpa thompsoni: 10.1248/CPB.34.4562
358797 - Sarcophyton crassocaule: 10.1021/NP990205P
3015 - Sargassum: 10.4103/0974-8490.85000
126577 - Sargassum carpophyllum: 10.1080/10286020290027362
143162 - Sargassum filipendula: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90430-8
590727 - Sargassum fusiforme:
127572 - Sargassum siliquastrum: 10.1016/0031-9422(92)80262-D
4555 - Setaria italica: 10.1271/BBB.63.1800
93837 - Silvetia siliquosa: 10.1007/BF02975115
3728 - Sinapis alba: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84080-7
381694 - Stypopodium flabelliforme: 10.1016/0031-9422(92)83610-B
127999 - Tanacetum parthenium:
49261 - Thalassiosira eccentrica: 10.1016/0031-9422(88)80200-0
35128 - Thalassiosira pseudonana:
318066 - Tridax procumbens: 10.1016/0031-9422(88)83120-0
200961 - Trigonella balansae: 10.1016/0305-1978(95)00105-0
200963 - Trigonella caerulea: 10.1016/0305-1978(95)00105-0
119381 - Trigonella calliceras: 10.1016/0305-1978(95)00105-0
200965 - Trigonella corniculata: 10.1016/0305-1978(95)00105-0
78533 - Trigonella cretica: 10.1016/0305-1978(95)00105-0
78534 - Trigonella foenum-graecum: 10.1016/0305-1978(95)00105-0
127557 - Turbinaria conoides:
86657 - Turbinaria ornata: 10.1055/S-2006-957772
325645 - Tydemania expeditionis: 10.1016/J.FITOTE.2012.04.019
111616 - Ulva australis: 10.1007/S10600-010-9760-9
111617 - Ulva fasciata: 10.1016/0031-9422(92)80435-H
3116 - Ulva intestinalis: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82185-8
63410 - Ulva lactuca:
63409 - Ulva linza:
3120 - Ulva pertusa: 10.1007/S10600-010-9760-9
75689 - Ulva rigida: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83106-4
51239 - Vanilla planifolia: 10.1007/S11746-998-0009-8
178554 - Xestospongia testudinaria: 10.1021/JA00009A046
4577 - Zea mays: 10.1016/0031-9422(84)83081-2
33090 - 昆布: -
33090 - 枸杞子: -

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。

文献列表

Pengrui Wang, Junfang Zhang, Na Zhan, Shuang Yang, Mingming Yu, Hongbing Liu. The pharmacokinetic characteristics and excretion studies of fucosterol from Sargasssum fusiforme in rats. Biomedical chromatography : BMC. 2022 Apr; 36(4):e5309. doi: 10.1002/bmc.5309. [PMID: 34981527]
Xingyu Lu, Amila A Dissanayake, Chuqiao Xiao, Jie Gao, Mouming Zhao, Muraleedharan G Nair. The edible seaweed Laminaria japonica contains cholesterol analogues that inhibit lipid peroxidation and cyclooxygenase enzymes. PloS one. 2022 ; 17(1):e0258980. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258980. [PMID: 35085233]
Kenneth Vanbrabant, David Van Meel, Anja Kerksiek, Silvia Friedrichs, Marco Dubbeldam, Melissa Schepers, Na Zhan, Katharina Gutbrod, Peter Dörmann, Hong-Bing Liu, Monique T Mulder, Tim Vanmierlo, Dieter Lütjohann. 24(R, S)-Saringosterol - From artefact to a biological medical agent. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology. 2021 09; 212(?):105942. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105942. [PMID: 34144153]
Ye-Jin Kim, So-Yeon Jeon, Jae-Sue Choi, Na-Hyun Kim, Yukiori Goto, Young-A Lee. Alterations of amygdala-prefrontal cortical coupling and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder-like behaviors induced by neonatal habenula lesion: normalization by Ecklonia stolonifera extract and its active compound fucosterol. Behavioural pharmacology. 2021 06; 32(4):308-320. doi: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000620. [PMID: 33491993]
Md Abdul Hannan, Abdullah Al Mamun Sohag, Raju Dash, Md Nazmul Haque, Md Mohibbullah, Diyah Fatimah Oktaviani, Md Tahmeed Hossain, Ho Jin Choi, Il Soo Moon. Phytosterols of marine algae: Insights into the potential health benefits and molecular pharmacology. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology. 2020 Apr; 69(?):153201. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153201. [PMID: 32276177]
I P Shanura Fernando, Thilina U Jayawardena, Hyun-Soo Kim, A P J P Vaas, H I C De Silva, C M Nanayakkara, D T U Abeytunga, WonWoo Lee, Ginnae Ahn, Dae-Sung Lee, In-Kyu Yeo, You-Jin Jeon. A keratinocyte and integrated fibroblast culture model for studying particulate matter-induced skin lesions and therapeutic intervention of fucosterol. Life sciences. 2019 Sep; 233(?):116714. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116714. [PMID: 31376370]
Zhangfan Mao, Xiaoling Shen, Ping Dong, Gaoli Liu, Shize Pan, Xiangran Sun, Haifeng Hu, Li Pan, Jie Huang. Fucosterol exerts antiproliferative effects on human lung cancer cells by inducing apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and targeting of Raf/MEK/ERK signalling pathway. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology. 2019 Aug; 61(?):152809. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.12.032. [PMID: 31035050]
I P Shanura Fernando, Thilina U Jayawardena, Hyun-Soo Kim, Won Woo Lee, A P J P Vaas, H I C De Silva, G S Abayaweera, C M Nanayakkara, D T U Abeytunga, Dae-Sung Lee, You-Jin Jeon. Beijing urban particulate matter-induced injury and inflammation in human lung epithelial cells and the protective effects of fucosterol from Sargassum binderi (Sonder ex J. Agardh). Environmental research. 2019 05; 172(?):150-158. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.02.016. [PMID: 30782534]
Nina S Liland, Karin Pittman, Paul Whatmore, Bente E Torstensen, Nini H Sissener. Fucosterol Causes Small Changes in Lipid Storage and Brassicasterol Affects some Markers of Lipid Metabolism in Atlantic Salmon Hepatocytes. Lipids. 2018 07; 53(7):737-747. doi: 10.1002/lipd.12083. [PMID: 30259993]
Pachiappan Perumal, Rajamani Sowmiya, Sundaram Prasanna Kumar, Sundaram Ravikumar, Paramasivam Deepak, Govindasamy Balasubramani. Isolation, structural elucidation and antiplasmodial activity of fucosterol compound from brown seaweed, Sargassum linearifolium against malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Natural product research. 2018 Jun; 32(11):1316-1319. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1342081. [PMID: 28637390]
Jie Zhang, Wan-Fang Zhu, Wei-Yuan Zhu, Pan Pan Yang, Jian Xu, Jiradej Manosroi, Takashi Kikuchi, Masahiko Abe, Toshihiro Akihisa, Feng Feng. Melanogenesis-Inhibitory and Cytotoxic Activities of Chemical Constituents from the Leaves of Sauropus androgynus L. Merr. (Euphorbiaceae). Chemistry & biodiversity. 2018 Feb; 15(2):. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.201700486. [PMID: 29144597]
Ole G Mouritsen, Luis A Bagatolli, Lars Duelund, Olav Garvik, John H Ipsen, Adam Cohen Simonsen. Effects of seaweed sterols fucosterol and desmosterol on lipid membranes. Chemistry and physics of lipids. 2017 06; 205(?):1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2017.03.010. [PMID: 28365392]
Ji-Hyun Lee, Hyun Ah Jung, Min Jae Kang, Jae Sue Choi, Gun-Do Kim. Fucosterol, isolated from Ecklonia stolonifera, inhibits adipogenesis through modulation of FoxO1 pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology. 2017 Mar; 69(3):325-333. doi: 10.1111/jphp.12684. [PMID: 28134973]
Francesca D'Acunzo, Donato Giannino, Vincenzo Longo, Marco Ciardi, Giulio Testone, Giovanni Mele, Chiara Nicolodi, Maria Gonnella, Massimiliano Renna, Giuseppe Arnesi, Alessandro Schiappa, Ornella Ursini. Influence of cultivation sites on sterol, nitrate, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity in endive and stem chicory edible products. International journal of food sciences and nutrition. 2017 Feb; 68(1):52-64. doi: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1221386. [PMID: 27575665]
Panawan Suttiarporn, Watcharapong Chumpolsri, Sugunya Mahatheeranont, Suwaporn Luangkamin, Somsuda Teepsawang, Vijittra Leardkamolkarn. Structures of phytosterols and triterpenoids with potential anti-cancer activity in bran of black non-glutinous rice. Nutrients. 2015 Mar; 7(3):1672-87. doi: 10.3390/nu7031672. [PMID: 25756784]
Hyun Ah Jung, Hee Jin Jung, Hyun Young Jeong, Hyun Ju Kwon, Min-Sun Kim, Jae Sue Choi. Anti-adipogenic activity of the edible brown alga Ecklonia stolonifera and its constituent fucosterol in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Archives of pharmacal research. 2014 Jun; 37(6):713-20. doi: 10.1007/s12272-013-0237-9. [PMID: 24014306]
Don-Gil Lee, Sang-Yong Park, Won-Seok Chung, Jae-Hee Park, Heon-Sub Shin, Eunson Hwang, In-Ho Kim, Tae-Hoo Yi. The bone regenerative effects of fucosterol in in vitro and in vivo models of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Molecular nutrition & food research. 2014 Jun; 58(6):1249-57. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201300319. [PMID: 24604889]
Maged P Mansour, Pushkar Shrestha, Srinivas Belide, James R Petrie, Peter D Nichols, Surinder P Singh. Characterization of oilseed lipids from "DHA-producing Camelina sativa": a new transformed land plant containing long-chain omega-3 oils. Nutrients. 2014 Feb; 6(2):776-89. doi: 10.3390/nu6020776. [PMID: 24566436]
Hyun Ah Jung, Seong Eun Jin, Bo Ra Ahn, Chan Mi Lee, Jae Sue Choi. Anti-inflammatory activity of edible brown alga Eisenia bicyclis and its constituents fucosterol and phlorotannins in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association. 2013 Sep; 59(?):199-206. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.05.061. [PMID: 23774261]
Minh-Hien Hoang, Yaoyao Jia, Hee-jin Jun, Ji Hae Lee, Boo Yong Lee, Sung-Joon Lee. Fucosterol is a selective liver X receptor modulator that regulates the expression of key genes in cholesterol homeostasis in macrophages, hepatocytes, and intestinal cells. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2012 Nov; 60(46):11567-75. doi: 10.1021/jf3019084. [PMID: 23116181]
Mohammed-Amine Madoui, Justine Bertrand-Michel, Elodie Gaulin, Bernard Dumas. Sterol metabolism in the oomycete Aphanomyces euteiches, a legume root pathogen. The New phytologist. 2009; 183(2):291-300. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02895.x. [PMID: 19496952]
Yeon Sil Lee, Kuk Hyun Shin, Bak-Kwang Kim, Sanghyun Lee. Anti-diabetic activities of fucosterol from Pelvetia siliquosa. Archives of pharmacal research. 2004 Nov; 27(11):1120-2. doi: 10.1007/bf02975115. [PMID: 15595413]
Sanghyun Lee, Yeon Sil Lee, Sang Hoon Jung, Sam Sik Kang, Kuk Hyun Shin. Anti-oxidant activities of fucosterol from the marine algae Pelvetia siliquosa. Archives of pharmacal research. 2003 Sep; 26(9):719-22. doi: 10.1007/bf02976680. [PMID: 14560919]
A Kamal-Eldin, K Määttä, J Toivo, A M Lampi, V Piironen. Acid-catalyzed isomerization of fucosterol and delta5-avenasterol. Lipids. 1998 Nov; 33(11):1073-7. doi: 10.1007/s11745-998-0307-6. [PMID: 9870901]
Atta-Ur-Rahman, M I Choudhary, A Majeed, M Shabbir, U Ghani, M Shameel. A succinylanthranilic acid ester and other bioactive constituents of Jolyna laminarioides. Phytochemistry. 1997 Dec; 46(7):1215-8. doi: . [PMID: 9423291]
M C Dai, H B Chiche, N Düzgüneş, E Ayanoglu, C Djerassi. Phospholipid studies of marine organisms: 26. Interactions of some marine sterols with 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine (SOPC) in model membranes. Chemistry and physics of lipids. 1991 Oct; 59(3):245-53. doi: 10.1016/0009-3084(91)90024-6. [PMID: 1804568]
I Ikeda, K Tanaka, M Sugano, G V Vahouny, L L Gallo. Inhibition of cholesterol absorption in rats by plant sterols. Journal of lipid research. 1988 Dec; 29(12):1573-82. doi: . [PMID: 2468730]
S Kojima, W Soga, H Hagiwara, M Shimonaka, Y Saito, Y Inada. Visible fibrinolysis by endothelial cells: effect of vitamins and sterols. Bioscience reports. 1986 Dec; 6(12):1029-33. doi: 10.1007/bf01141023. [PMID: 3580525]
. . . . doi: . [PMID: 9761794]
. . . . doi: . [PMID: 12226510]