Sinapine (BioDeep_00001867511)
Main id: BioDeep_00000000492
Secondary id: BioDeep_00000398006
human metabolite PANOMIX_OTCML-2023
代谢物信息卡片
化学式: C16H24NO5+ (310.1654)
中文名称: 芥子碱
谱图信息:
最多检出来源 () 0%
分子结构信息
SMILES: COC1=CC(\C=C/C(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)=CC(OC)=C1O
InChI: InChI=1S/C16H23NO5/c1-17(2,3)8-9-22-15(18)7-6-12-10-13(20-4)16(19)14(11-12)21-5/h6-7,10-11H,8-9H2,1-5H3/p+1
描述信息
Sugar phosphate, also known as sinapoylcholine or sinapine, belongs to coumaric acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are aromatic compounds containing Aromatic compounds containing a cinnamic acid moiety (or a derivative thereof) hydroxylated at the C2 (ortho-), C3 (meta-), or C4 (para-) carbon atom of the benzene ring. Sugar phosphate is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Sugar phosphate can be found in a number of food items such as common sage, tea leaf willow, broccoli, and sweet bay, which makes sugar phosphate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Sugar phosphate exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans.
Sinapine (CAS: 18696-26-9), also known as sinapoylcholine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as morphinans. These are polycyclic compounds with a four-ring skeleton with three condensed six-member rings forming a partially hydrogenated phenanthrene moiety, one of which is aromatic while the two others are alicyclic. Sinapine is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Sinapine has been detected, but not quantified, in garden cress and horseradish. Sinapine is found in brassicas. It is a storage protein isolated from the seeds of Brassica napus (rape). This could make sinapine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.
Sinapine is an acylcholine in which the acyl group specified is sinapoyl. It has a role as a photosynthetic electron-transport chain inhibitor, an antioxidant and a plant metabolite. It is functionally related to a trans-sinapic acid.
Sinapine is a natural product found in Alliaria petiolata, Isatis quadrialata, and other organisms with data available.
An acylcholine in which the acyl group specified is sinapoyl.
Sinapine is an alkaloid isolated from seeds of the cruciferous species. Sinapine exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-angiogenic and radio-protective effects. Sinapine is also an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor and can be used for the research of Alzheimer’s disease, ataxia, myasthenia gravis, and Parkinson’s disease[1][2][3][4].
Sinapine is an alkaloid isolated from seeds of the cruciferous species. Sinapine exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-angiogenic and radio-protective effects. Sinapine is also an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor and can be used for the research of Alzheimer’s disease, ataxia, myasthenia gravis, and Parkinson’s disease[1][2][3][4].
同义名列表
35 个代谢物同义名
Ethanaminium, 2-(((2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)oxy)-N,N,N-trimethyl-; Ethanaminium, 2-((3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)oxy)-N,N,N-trimethyl-; 2-[[3-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-oxo-2-propenyl]oxy]-N,N,N- trimethylethanaminium, 9CI; Ethanaminium,2-[[3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl]oxy]-N,N,N-trimethyl-; 2-((3-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)oxy)-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium; Ethanaminium, 2-((3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-oxo-2-propenyl)oxy)-N,N,N-trimethyl-; 2-((3-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-oxo-2-propenyl)oxy)-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium; 2-[(2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyloxy]-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium; (2-{[(2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxy}ethyl)trimethylazanium; 2-((3-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)acryloyl)oxy)-N,N,N-trimethylethan-1-aminium; 2-[(E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxyethyl-trimethylazanium; 2-[3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyloxy]ethyl-trimethylazanium; 2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxycinnamoyloxy)-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium; Cinnamic acid, 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-, choline ester; Choline, 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxycinnamate (ester); Choline 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxycinnamate, 8CI; 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxycinnamate choline; sinapine, monosulfate salt; sinapine, thiocyanate salt; trans-Sinapoylcholine; Sugar phosphoric acid; Sinapine thiocyanate; sinapine bisulphate; Sinapine bisulfate; O-sinapoylcholine; Sinapine cation; Sinapoylcholine; trans-Sinapine; Sinapine [MI]; MEGxp0_001763; ACon1_000255; Sinapine ion; Sinapine; sinapin; Sinapine
数据库引用编号
21 个数据库交叉引用编号
- ChEBI: CHEBI:16353
- KEGG: C00933
- PubChem: 5280385
- PubChem: 89287
- HMDB: HMDB0029379
- Wikipedia: Sinapine
- MeSH: sinapine
- ChemIDplus: 0018696269
- MetaCyc: O-SINAPOYLCHOLINE
- KNApSAcK: C00002777
- foodb: FDB004152
- chemspider: 80576
- CAS: 18696-26-9
- CAS: 84123-22-8
- medchemexpress: HY-N5077
- MetaboLights: MTBLC16353
- PubChem: 4185
- 3DMET: B00203
- NIKKAJI: J7.403I
- RefMet: Sinapine
- KNApSAcK: 16353
分类词条
相关代谢途径
Reactome(0)
BioCyc(0)
PlantCyc(0)
代谢反应
0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。
Reactome(0)
BioCyc(0)
WikiPathways(0)
Plant Reactome(0)
INOH(0)
PlantCyc(0)
COVID-19 Disease Map(0)
PathBank(0)
PharmGKB(0)
14 个相关的物种来源信息
- 126270 - Alliaria petiolata: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80093-X
- 7461 - Apis cerana: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0175573
- 3702 - Arabidopsis thaliana:
- 52824 - Brassica carinata: 10.1021/JF9705577
- 3707 - Brassica juncea: 10.1021/JF9705577
- 3708 - Brassica napus:
- 3710 - Brassica nigra: 10.1021/JF9705577
- 3712 - Brassica oleracea: 10.21273/JASHS.118.4.546
- 3711 - Brassica rapa:
- 9606 - Homo sapiens: -
- 358659 - Isatis quadrialata:
- 33090 - Plants: -
- 3728 - Sinapis alba: 10.1021/JF9705577
- 3728 - Sinapis alba L.: -
在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：
- PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
- NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
- Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
- Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。
点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。
文献列表
- Simeng Chu, Fukui Shen, Wenjuan Liu, Jin Zhang, Xiaoying Wang, Min Jiang, Gang Bai. Sinapine targeting PLCβ3 EF hands disrupts Gαq-PLCβ3 interaction and ameliorates cardiovascular diseases.
Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology.
2024 Apr; 126(?):155200. doi:
10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155200. [PMID: 38387273] - Jian-Li Huang, Yi-Hua Xu, Xin-Wei Yang, Jie Wang, Yu Zhu, Xian-Bo Wu. Jiawei guomin decoction regulates the degranulation of mast cells in atopic dermatitis mice via the HIS/PAR-2 pathway.
Journal of ethnopharmacology.
2024 Mar; 321(?):117485. doi:
10.1016/j.jep.2023.117485. [PMID: 38008276] - Ying Huang, Xueqin Gao, Yang An, Ping Zeng, Changming Chen, Wukai Ma, Xueming Yao. Inhibitory Effect of Jinwujiangu Prescription on Peripheral Blood Osteoclasts in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and the Relevant Molecular Mechanism.
Mediators of inflammation.
2023; 2023(?):4814412. doi:
10.1155/2023/4814412. [PMID: 36816744] - Yufei Feng, Shuyuan Chang, Zhongxu Jing, Haibo Jiang, Yuwei Liu, Guozhao Qin. Transdermal delivery of sinapine thiocyanate by gelatin microspheres and hyaluronic acid microneedles for allergic asthma in guinea pigs.
International journal of pharmaceutics.
2022 Jul; 623(?):121899. doi:
10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121899. [PMID: 35710072] - Min Shao, Qi Jiang, Chao Shen, Zhong Liu, Lihong Qiu. Sinapine induced ferroptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells by upregulating transferrin/transferrin receptor and downregulating SLC7A11.
Gene.
2022 Jun; 827(?):146460. doi:
10.1016/j.gene.2022.146460. [PMID: 35358657] - Guillaume N Menard, Mollie Langdon, Rupam Kumar Bhunia, Aishwarya R Shankhapal, Clarice Noleto-Dias, Charlotte Lomax, Jane L Ward, Smita Kurup, Peter J Eastmond. Diverting phenylpropanoid pathway flux from sinapine to produce industrially useful 4-vinyl derivatives of hydroxycinnamic acids in Brassicaceous oilseeds.
Metabolic engineering.
2022 03; 70(?):196-205. doi:
10.1016/j.ymben.2022.01.016. [PMID: 35121114] - Huida Guan, Qiyan Lin, Chao Ma, Zhengcai Ju, Changhong Wang. Metabolic profiling and pharmacokinetic studies of sinapine thiocyanate by UHPLC-Q/TOF-MS and UHPLC-MS/MS.
Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.
2022 Jan; 207(?):114431. doi:
10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114431. [PMID: 34710728] - Hera Nadeem, Pieter Malan, Amir Khan, Mohd Asif, Mansoor Ahmad Siddiqui, Simon Tuhafeni Angombe, Faheem Ahmad. New insights on the utilization of ultrasonicated mustard seed cake: chemical composition and antagonistic potential for root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica.
Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B.
2021 Jul; 22(7):563-574. doi:
10.1631/jzus.b2000746. [PMID: 34269009] - Atsuhiro Iguchi, Shigesaburo Ogawa, Yukihiro Yamamoto, Setsuko Hara. Facile Preparation of Purified Sinapate Ethyl Ester from Rapeseed Meal Extracts Using Cation-exchange Resin in Dual Role as Adsorber and Catalyst.
Journal of oleo science.
2021 Jul; 70(7):1007-1012. doi:
10.5650/jos.ess21036. [PMID: 34121031] - Hong Chen, Ling Peng, Marta Pérez de Nanclares, Michaela P Trudeau, Dan Yao, Zaixing Cheng, Pedro E Urriola, Liv Torunn Mydland, Gerald C Shurson, Margareth Overland, Chi Chen. Identification of Sinapine-Derived Choline from a Rapeseed Diet as a Source of Serum Trimethylamine N-Oxide in Pigs.
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.
2019 Jul; 67(27):7748-7754. doi:
10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02950. [PMID: 31203621] - Kyari Yates, Franziska Pohl, Maike Busch, Annika Mozer, Louis Watters, Andrey Shiryaev, Paul Kong Thoo Lin. Determination of sinapine in rapeseed pomace extract: Its antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibition properties.
Food chemistry.
2019 Mar; 276(?):768-775. doi:
10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.10.045. [PMID: 30409660] - Zhen Zhang, Xia Xiang, Jianbin Shi, Fenghong Huang, Xiaoyang Xia, Mingming Zheng, Ling Han, Hu Tang. A cationic conjugated polymer and graphene oxide: Application to amplified fluorescence detection of sinapine.
Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy.
2018 Oct; 203(?):370-374. doi:
10.1016/j.saa.2018.05.110. [PMID: 29886167] - Xia Xiang, Ling Han, Zhen Zhang, Fenghong Huang. Graphene oxide-based fluorescent sensor for sensitive turn-on detection of sinapine.
Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy.
2017 Mar; 174(?):75-79. doi:
10.1016/j.saa.2016.11.025. [PMID: 27886646] - Sachin Kajla, Arundhati Mukhopadhyay, Akshay K Pradhan. Development of transgenic Brassica juncea lines for reduced seed sinapine content by perturbing phenylpropanoid pathway genes.
PloS one.
2017; 12(8):e0182747. doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0182747. [PMID: 28787461] - Karina Hettwer, Christoph Böttcher, Andrej Frolov, Juliane Mittasch, Andreas Albert, Edda von Roepenack-Lahaye, Dieter Strack, Carsten Milkowski. Dynamic metabolic changes in seeds and seedlings of Brassica napus (oilseed rape) suppressing UGT84A9 reveal plasticity and molecular regulation of the phenylpropanoid pathway.
Phytochemistry.
2016 Apr; 124(?):46-57. doi:
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PloS one.
2016; 11(6):e0158351. doi:
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Journal of molecular recognition : JMR.
2015 Oct; 28(10):628-34. doi:
10.1002/jmr.2478. [PMID: 25982051] - Yanxing Niu, Mulan Jiang, Mian Guo, Chuyun Wan, Shuangxi Hu, Hu Jin, Fenghong Huang. Characterization of the factors that influence sinapine concentration in rapeseed meal during fermentation.
PloS one.
2015; 10(1):e0116470. doi:
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Journal of the science of food and agriculture.
2014 Mar; 94(4):736-43. doi:
10.1002/jsfa.6408. [PMID: 24105894] - Jeremiah Dubie, Aaron Stancik, Matthew Morra, Caleb Nindo. Antioxidant extraction from mustard (Brassica juncea) seed meal using high-intensity ultrasound.
Journal of food science.
2013 Apr; 78(4):E542-8. doi:
10.1111/1750-3841.12085. [PMID: 23488824] - Juliane Mittasch, Christoph Böttcher, Andrej Frolov, Dieter Strack, Carsten Milkowski. Reprogramming the phenylpropanoid metabolism in seeds of oilseed rape by suppressing the orthologs of reduced epidermal fluorescence1.
Plant physiology.
2013 Apr; 161(4):1656-69. doi:
10.1104/pp.113.215491. [PMID: 23424250] - Qin Liu, Li Wu, Huiming Pu, Chunyang Li, Qiuhui Hu. Profile and distribution of soluble and insoluble phenolics in Chinese rapeseed (Brassica napus).
Food chemistry.
2012 Nov; 135(2):616-22. doi:
10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.04.142. [PMID: 22868137] - Gian Carlo Tenore, Jacopo Troisi, Raffaele Di Fiore, Adriana Basile, Ettore Novellino. Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Rapa Catozza Napoletana (Brassica rapa L. var. rapa DC.) seed meal, a promising protein source of Campania region (southern Italy) horticultural germplasm.
Journal of the science of food and agriculture.
2012 Jun; 92(8):1716-24. doi:
10.1002/jsfa.5537. [PMID: 22173690] - Hans-Joachim Harloff, Susanne Lemcke, Juliane Mittasch, Andrej Frolov, Jian Guo Wu, Felix Dreyer, Gunhild Leckband, Christian Jung. A mutation screening platform for rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and the detection of sinapine biosynthesis mutants.
TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik.
2012 Mar; 124(5):957-69. doi:
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Journal of experimental botany.
2012 Feb; 63(3):1201-14. doi:
10.1093/jxb/err340. [PMID: 22090445] - Jingjing Fang, Michael Reichelt, William Hidalgo, Sara Agnolet, Bernd Schneider. Tissue-specific distribution of secondary metabolites in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.).
PloS one.
2012; 7(10):e48006. doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0048006. [PMID: 23133539] - Gregory P Lech, Robert C Reigh. Plant products affect growth and digestive efficiency of cultured Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus) fed compounded diets.
PloS one.
2012; 7(4):e34981. doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0034981. [PMID: 22536344] - Dejuan Huang, Liping Luo, Cuicui Jiang, Jing Han, Jiang Wang, Tingting Zhang, Jie Jiang, Zhiquan Zhou, Huanwen Chen. Sinapine detection in radish taproot using surface desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry.
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.
2011 Mar; 59(6):2148-56. doi:
10.1021/jf103725f. [PMID: 21332204] - Kathleen Clauss, Edda von Roepenack-Lahaye, Christoph Böttcher, Mary R Roth, Ruth Welti, Alexander Erban, Joachim Kopka, Dierk Scheel, Carsten Milkowski, Dieter Strack. Overexpression of sinapine esterase BnSCE3 in oilseed rape seeds triggers global changes in seed metabolism.
Plant physiology.
2011 Mar; 155(3):1127-45. doi:
10.1104/pp.110.169821. [PMID: 21248075] - Ari Palomäki, Hanna Pohjantähti-Maaroos, Marja Wallenius, Päivi Kankkunen, Heikki Aro, Sari Husgafvel, Juha-Matti Pihlava, Kalevi Oksanen. Effects of dietary cold-pressed turnip rapeseed oil and butter on serum lipids, oxidized LDL and arterial elasticity in men with metabolic syndrome.
Lipids in health and disease.
2010 Dec; 9(?):137. doi:
10.1186/1476-511x-9-137. [PMID: 21122147] - Karina Wolfram, Jürgen Schmidt, Victor Wray, Carsten Milkowski, Willibald Schliemann, Dieter Strack. Profiling of phenylpropanoids in transgenic low-sinapine oilseed rape (Brassica napus).
Phytochemistry.
2010 Jul; 71(10):1076-84. doi:
10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.04.007. [PMID: 20451226] - Carsten Milkowski, Dieter Strack. Sinapate esters in brassicaceous plants: biochemistry, molecular biology, evolution and metabolic engineering.
Planta.
2010 Jun; 232(1):19-35. doi:
10.1007/s00425-010-1168-z. [PMID: 20428885] - Juliane Mittasch, Sabine Mikolajewski, Frank Breuer, Dieter Strack, Carsten Milkowski. Genomic microstructure and differential expression of the genes encoding UDP-glucose:sinapate glucosyltransferase (UGT84A9) in oilseed rape (Brassica napus).
TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik.
2010 May; 120(8):1485-500. doi:
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Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.
2009 Oct; 57(19):8884-92. doi:
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Planta.
2009 Oct; 230(5):1057-69. doi:
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BMC genomics.
2009 Jun; 10(?):271. doi:
10.1186/1471-2164-10-271. [PMID: 19534823] - Christoph Böttcher, Edda von Roepenack-Lahaye, Jürgen Schmidt, Stephan Clemens, Dierk Scheel. Analysis of phenolic choline esters from seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica napus by capillary liquid chromatography/electrospray- tandem mass spectrometry.
Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS.
2009 Apr; 44(4):466-76. doi:
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Polish journal of veterinary sciences.
2009; 12(4):439-48. doi:
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Planta.
2008 Sep; 228(4):663-74. doi:
10.1007/s00425-008-0768-3. [PMID: 18563436] - Christoph Böttcher, Edda von Roepenack-Lahaye, Jürgen Schmidt, Constanze Schmotz, Steffen Neumann, Dierk Scheel, Stephan Clemens. Metabolome analysis of biosynthetic mutants reveals a diversity of metabolic changes and allows identification of a large number of new compounds in Arabidopsis.
Plant physiology.
2008 Aug; 147(4):2107-20. doi:
10.1104/pp.108.117754. [PMID: 18552234] - Jun Huang, Kevin Rozwadowski, V S Bhinu, Ulrike Schäfer, Abdelali Hannoufa. Manipulation of sinapine, choline and betaine accumulation in Arabidopsis seed: towards improving the nutritional value of the meal and enhancing the seedling performance under environmental stresses in oilseed crops.
Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB.
2008 Jul; 46(7):647-654. doi:
10.1016/j.plaphy.2008.04.014. [PMID: 18515127] - Samija Amar, Wolfgang Ecke, Heiko C Becker, Christian Möllers. QTL for phytosterol and sinapate ester content in Brassica napus L. collocate with the two erucic acid genes.
TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik.
2008 May; 116(8):1051-61. doi:
10.1007/s00122-008-0734-2. [PMID: 18335203] - Ling He, Hai-Tao Li, Sheng-Wei Guo, Li-Fang Liu, Jia-Bin Qiu, Fu Li, Bao-Chang Cai. [Inhibitory effects of sinapine on activity of acetylcholinesterase in cerebral homogenate and blood serum of rats].
Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica.
2008 Apr; 33(7):813-5. doi:
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Poultry science.
2008 Apr; 87(4):719-26. doi:
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The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology.
2008 Mar; 53(5):802-13. doi:
10.1111/j.1365-313x.2007.03374.x. [PMID: 18036206] - Meghna R Malik, Feng Wang, Joan M Dirpaul, Ning Zhou, Joe Hammerlindl, Wilf Keller, Suzanne R Abrams, Alison M R Ferrie, Joan E Krochko. Isolation of an embryogenic line from non-embryogenic Brassica napus cv. Westar through microspore embryogenesis.
Journal of experimental botany.
2008; 59(10):2857-73. doi:
10.1093/jxb/ern149. [PMID: 18552352] - Diana Weier, Juliane Mittasch, Dieter Strack, Carsten Milkowski. The genes BnSCT1 and BnSCT2 from Brassica napus encoding the final enzyme of sinapine biosynthesis: molecular characterization and suppression.
Planta.
2008 Jan; 227(2):375-85. doi:
10.1007/s00425-007-0624-x. [PMID: 17882453] - Carla Sousa, Graciliana Lopes, David M Pereira, Marcos Taveira, Patrícia Valentão, Rosa M Seabra, José A Pereira, Paula Baptista, Federico Ferreres, Paula B Andrade. Screening of antioxidant compounds during sprouting of Brassica oleracea L. var. costata DC.
Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening.
2007 Jun; 10(5):377-86. doi:
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