Classification Term: 1436
21-hydroxysteroids (ontology term: CHEMONTID:0003095)
Steroids carrying a hydroxyl group at the 21-position of the steroid backbone." []
found 128 associated metabolites at category metabolite taxonomy ontology rank level.
Ancestor: Hydroxysteroids
Child Taxonomies: There is no child term of current ontology term.
Aldosterone
Aldosterone is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland to regulate sodium and potassium balance in the blood. Specifically it regulates electrolyte and water balance by increasing the renal retention of sodium and the excretion of potassium. It is synthesized from cholesterol by aldosterone synthase, which is absent in other sections of the adrenal gland. It is the sole endogenous member of the class of mineralocorticoids. Aldosterone increases the permeability of the apical (luminal) membrane of the kidneys collecting ducts to potassium and sodium and activates their basolateral Na+/K+ pumps, stimulating ATP hydrolysis, reabsorbing sodium (Na+) ions and water into the blood, and excreting potassium (K+) ions into the urine. [HMDB] Aldosterone is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland to regulate sodium and potassium balance in the blood. Specifically, it regulates electrolyte and water balance by increasing the renal retention of sodium and the excretion of potassium. It is synthesized from cholesterol by aldosterone synthase, which is absent in other sections of the adrenal gland. It is the sole endogenous member of the class of mineralocorticoids. Aldosterone increases the permeability of the apical (luminal) membrane of the kidneys collecting ducts to potassium and sodium and activates their basolateral Na+/K+ pumps, stimulating ATP hydrolysis, reabsorbing sodium (Na+) ions and water into the blood, and excreting potassium (K+) ions into the urine. H - Systemic hormonal preparations, excl. sex hormones and insulins > H02 - Corticosteroids for systemic use > H02A - Corticosteroids for systemic use, plain > H02AA - Mineralocorticoids CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); NaToxAq - Natural Toxins and Drinking Water Quality - From Source to Tap (https://natoxaq.ku.dk) D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2819 COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Corticosterone
Corticosterone, also known as 17-deoxycortisol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 21-hydroxysteroids. These are steroids carrying a hydroxyl group at the 21-position of the steroid backbone. Thus, corticosterone is considered to be a steroid lipid molecule. Corticosterone is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. In many species, including amphibians, reptiles, rodents and birds, corticosterone is a main glucocorticoid,[3] involved in regulation of energy, immune reactions, and stress responses. Corticosterone is the precursor molecule to the mineralocorticoid aldosterone, one of the major homeostatic modulators of sodium and potassium levels in vivo. Corticosterone. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=50-22-6 (retrieved 2024-07-15) (CAS RN: 50-22-6). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Corticosterone (17-Deoxycortisol) is an orally active and adrenal cortex-produced glucocorticoid, which plays an important role in regulating neuronal functions of the limbic system (including hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and amygdala). Corticosterone increases the Rab-mediated AMPAR membrane traffic via SGK-induced phosphorylation of GDI. Corticosterone also interferes with the maturation of dendritic cells and shows a good immunosuppressive effect[1][2][3][4]. Corticosterone (17-Deoxycortisol) is an orally active and adrenal cortex-produced glucocorticoid, which plays an important role in regulating neuronal functions of the limbic system (including hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and amygdala). Corticosterone increases the Rab-mediated AMPAR membrane traffic via SGK-induced phosphorylation of GDI. Corticosterone also interferes with the maturation of dendritic cells and shows a good immunosuppressive effect[1][2][3][4]. Corticosterone (17-Deoxycortisol) is an orally active and adrenal cortex-produced glucocorticoid, which plays an important role in regulating neuronal functions of the limbic system (including hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and amygdala). Corticosterone increases the Rab-mediated AMPAR membrane traffic via SGK-induced phosphorylation of GDI. Corticosterone also interferes with the maturation of dendritic cells and shows a good immunosuppressive effect[1][2][3][4].
Prednisone
Prednisone is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from cortisone. It is biologically inert and converted to prednisolone in the liver. [PubChem]Prednisone is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist. It is first metabolized in the liver to its active form, prednisolone. Prednisolone crosses cell membranes and binds with high affinity to specific cytoplasmic receptors. The result includes inhibition of leukocyte infiltration at the site of inflammation, interference in the function of mediators of inflammatory response, suppression of humoral immune responses, and reduction in edema or scar tissue. The antiinflammatory actions of corticosteroids are thought to involve phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins, lipocortins, which control the biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 573; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3926; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3924 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 573; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8093; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8092 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 573; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3954; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3949 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 573; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8001; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7998 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 573; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3955; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3954 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 573; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8041; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8039 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 573; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3945; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3943 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 573; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8089; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8086 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 573; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8045; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8040 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 573; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3963; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3961 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 573; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8093; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8091 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 573; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3943; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3941 A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A07 - Antidiarrheals, intestinal antiinflammatory/antiinfective agents > A07E - Intestinal antiinflammatory agents > A07EA - Corticosteroids acting locally H - Systemic hormonal preparations, excl. sex hormones and insulins > H02 - Corticosteroids for systemic use > H02A - Corticosteroids for systemic use, plain > H02AB - Glucocorticoids D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D005938 - Glucocorticoids C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C211 - Therapeutic Corticosteroid COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3243 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2196 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2401 D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Cortisol
Cortisol is the main glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex and it is involved in the stress response. Its synthetic counterpart hydrocortisone is used, either as an injection or topically, in the treatment of inflammation, allergy, collagen diseases, asthma, adrenocortical deficiency, shock, and some neoplastic conditions. Hydrocortisone is synthesized from pregnenolone and is used as an immunosuppressive drug given by injection in the treatment of severe allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis and angioedema, in place of prednisolone in patients who need steroid treatment but cannot take oral medication, and peri-operatively in patients on long-term steroid treatment to prevent an Addisonian crisis. Cortisol increases blood pressure, blood sugar levels, may cause infertility in women, and suppresses the immune system. The amount of cortisol present in the serum undergoes diurnal variation, with the highest levels present in the early morning and lower levels in the evening, several hours after the onset of sleep. Cortisol is found to be associated with ACTH deficiency and glucocorticoid deficiency, which are inborn errors of metabolism. Cortisol binds to the cytosolic glucocorticoid receptor. After binding the receptor, the newly formed receptor-ligand complex translocates itself into the cell nucleus where it binds to many glucocorticoid response elements (GRE) in the promoter region of the target genes. The DNA-bound receptor then interacts with basic transcription factors, causing the increase in expression of specific target genes. The anti-inflammatory actions of corticosteroids are thought to involve lipocortins, phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins which, through inhibition arachidonic acid, control the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Specifically, glucocorticoids induce lipocortin-1 (annexin-1) synthesis, which then binds to cell membranes and prevents phospholipase A2 from coming into contact with its substrate arachidonic acid. This leads to diminished eicosanoid production. The cyclooxygenase (both COX-1 and COX-2) expression is also suppressed, potentiating the effect. In other words, the two main products of inflammation, prostaglandins and leukotrienes, are inhibited by the action of glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoids also stimulate the escape of lipocortin-1 into the extracellular space, where it binds to the leukocyte membrane receptors and inhibits various inflammatory events: epithelial adhesion, emigration, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, respiratory burst, and the release of various inflammatory mediators (lysosomal enzymes, cytokines, tissue plasminogen activator, chemokines, etc.) from neutrophils, macrophages, and mastocytes. Additionally, the immune system is suppressed by corticosteroids due to a decrease in the function of the lymphatic system, a reduction in immunoglobulin and complement concentrations, the precipitation of lymphocytopenia, and interference with antigen-antibody binding. Cortisol is a steroid hormone, in the glucocorticoid class of hormones and a stress hormone. When used as a medication, it is known as hydrocortisone. It is produced in many animals, mainly by the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland.[1] It is produced in other tissues in lower quantities.[2] It is released with a diurnal cycle and its release is increased in response to stress and low blood-glucose concentration.[1] It functions to increase blood sugar through gluconeogenesis, to suppress the immune system, and to aid in the metabolism of fat, protein, and carbohydrates.[3] It also decreases bone formation.[4] Many of these functions are carried out by cortisol binding to glucocorticoid or mineralocorticoid receptors inside the cell, which then bind to DNA to affect gene expression.[1][5] Hydrocortisone (Cortisol) is a steroid hormone or glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex[1].
Cortisone
A naturally occurring glucocorticoid. It has been used in replacement therapy for adrenal insufficiency and as an anti-inflammatory agent. Cortisone itself is inactive. It is converted in the liver to the active metabolite hydrocortisone. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p726) -- Pubchem; Cortisone is a hormone. Chemically it is a corticosteroid with formula C21H28O5 and IUPAC name 17-hydroxy-11-dehydrocorticosterone. It is closely related to corticosterone. -- Wikipedia; One of cortisones effects on the body, and a potentially harmful side effect when administered clinically, is the suppression of the immune system. This is an explanation for the apparent correlation between high stress and sickness. -- Wikipedia [HMDB] Cortisone is a naturally occurring glucocorticoid. It has been used in replacement therapy for adrenal insufficiency and as an anti-inflammatory agent. Cortisone itself is inactive. It is converted in the liver into the active metabolite cortisol. Cortisone is a corticosteroid hormone released by the adrenal gland in response to stress. One of cortisones effects on the body, and a potentially harmful side effect when administered clinically, is the suppression of the immune system. This is an explanation for the apparent correlation between high stress and sickness. Cortisone. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=53-06-5 (retrieved 2024-07-16) (CAS RN: 53-06-5). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Cortisone (17-Hydroxy-11-dehydrocorticosterone), an oxidized metabolite of Cortisol (a Glucocorticoid). Cortisone acts as an immunosuppressant and anti-inflammatory agent. Cortisone can partially intervene in binding of Glucocorticoid to Glucocorticoid-receptor at high concentrations[1][3][4].
Betamethasone
A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724) CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 552; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8694; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8691 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 552; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8605; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8603 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 552; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8664; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8662 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 552; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8652; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8651 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 552; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8702; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8699 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 552; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8704; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8702 A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A07 - Antidiarrheals, intestinal antiinflammatory/antiinfective agents > A07E - Intestinal antiinflammatory agents > A07EA - Corticosteroids acting locally H - Systemic hormonal preparations, excl. sex hormones and insulins > H02 - Corticosteroids for systemic use > H02A - Corticosteroids for systemic use, plain > H02AB - Glucocorticoids S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01C - Antiinflammatory agents and antiinfectives in combination > S01CB - Corticosteroids/antiinfectives/mydriatics in combination D - Dermatologicals > D07 - Corticosteroids, dermatological preparations > D07X - Corticosteroids, other combinations > D07XC - Corticosteroids, potent, other combinations R - Respiratory system > R03 - Drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03B - Other drugs for obstructive airway diseases, inhalants > R03BA - Glucocorticoids C - Cardiovascular system > C05 - Vasoprotectives > C05A - Agents for treatment of hemorrhoids and anal fissures for topical use > C05AA - Corticosteroids D - Dermatologicals > D07 - Corticosteroids, dermatological preparations > D07A - Corticosteroids, plain > D07AC - Corticosteroids, potent (group iii) R - Respiratory system > R01 - Nasal preparations > R01A - Decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use > R01AD - Corticosteroids S - Sensory organs > S03 - Ophthalmological and otological preparations > S03B - Corticosteroids > S03BA - Corticosteroids D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D005938 - Glucocorticoids S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01B - Antiinflammatory agents > S01BA - Corticosteroids, plain C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C211 - Therapeutic Corticosteroid S - Sensory organs > S02 - Otologicals > S02B - Corticosteroids > S02BA - Corticosteroids D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3242 D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents
6-beta-hydrocortisol
6-beta-hydrocortisol is a metabolite of hydrocortisone. Cortisol, known more formally as hydrocortisone, is a steroid hormone, more specifically a glucocorticoid, produced by the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex. It is released in response to stress and a low level of blood glucocorticoids. Its primary functions are to increase blood sugar through gluconeogenesis; suppress the immune system; and aid in fat, protein and carbohydrate metabolism. It also decreases bone formation. Various synthetic forms of cortisol are used to treat a variety of diseases. (Wikipedia) D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
Fludrocortisone
Fludrocortisone is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a synthetic mineralocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity. [PubChem]Fludrocortisone binds the mineralocorticoid receptor (aldosterone receptor). This binding (or activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor by fludrocortisone) in turn causes an increase in ion and water transport and thus raises extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure and lowers potassium levels. H - Systemic hormonal preparations, excl. sex hormones and insulins > H02 - Corticosteroids for systemic use > H02A - Corticosteroids for systemic use, plain > H02AA - Mineralocorticoids C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C211 - Therapeutic Corticosteroid D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents
Deoxycorticosterone
11-Deoxycorticosterone (also called desoxycortone, 21-hydroxyprogesterone, DOC, or simply deoxycorticosterone) is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal gland that possesses mineralocorticoid activity and acts as a precursor to aldosterone. It is classified as a member of the 21-hydroxysteroids. 21-hydroxysteroids are steroids carrying a hydroxyl group at the 21-position of the steroid backbone. Deoxycorticosterone is very hydrophobic, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Deoxycorticosterone can be synthesized from progesterone by 21-beta-hydroxylase and is then converted to corticosterone by 11-beta-hydroxylase. Corticosterone is then converted to aldosterone by aldosterone synthase. Deoxycorticosterone stimulates the collecting tubules in the kidney to continue to excrete potassium in much the same way that aldosterone does. Deoxycorticosterone has about 1/20 of the sodium retaining power of aldosterone and about 1/5 the potassium excreting power of aldosterone (Wikipedia). Deoxycorticosterone can be found throughout all human tissues and has been detected in amniotic fluid and blood. When present in sufficiently high levels, deoxycorticosterone can act as a hypertensive agent and a metabotoxin. A hypertensive agent increases blood pressure and causes the production of more urine. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of deoxycorticosterone are associated with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and with adrenal tumors producing deoxycorticosterone (PMID: 20671982). High levels of this mineralocorticoid are associated with resistant hypertension, which can result in polyuria, polydipsia, increased blood volume, edema, and cardiac enlargement. Deoxycorticosterone can be used to treat adrenal insufficiency. In particular, desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) is used as replacement therapy in Addisons disease. Desoxycorticosterol, also known as 21-hydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione or 21-hydroxyprogesterone, is a member of the class of compounds known as 21-hydroxysteroids. 21-hydroxysteroids are steroids carrying a hydroxyl group at the 21-position of the steroid backbone. Thus, desoxycorticosterol is considered to be a steroid lipid molecule. Desoxycorticosterol is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Desoxycorticosterol can be synthesized from progesterone. Desoxycorticosterol can also be synthesized into 11-deoxycorticosterone-21-hemisuccinate and 5beta-dihydrodeoxycorticosterone. Desoxycorticosterol can be found in rice, which makes desoxycorticosterol a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Desoxycorticosterol can be found primarily in amniotic fluid and blood, as well as throughout all human tissues. In humans, desoxycorticosterol is involved in the steroidogenesis. Desoxycorticosterol is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include corticosterone methyl oxidase I deficiency (CMO I), 21-hydroxylase deficiency (CYP21), corticosterone methyl oxidase II deficiency - CMO II, and 11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency (CYP11B1). Desoxycorticosterol is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 793; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9334; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9329 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 793; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9427; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9423 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 793; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9386; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9384 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 793; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9356; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9353 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 793; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9399; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9396 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 793; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9378; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9376 H - Systemic hormonal preparations, excl. sex hormones and insulins > H02 - Corticosteroids for systemic use > H02A - Corticosteroids for systemic use, plain > H02AA - Mineralocorticoids D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D008901 - Mineralocorticoids C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C211 - Therapeutic Corticosteroid COVID info from WikiPathways Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Deoxycorticosterone is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal gland that possesses mineralocorticoid activity and acts as an aldosterone precursor. Deoxycorticosterone is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal gland that possesses mineralocorticoid activity and acts as an aldosterone precursor.
Diflorasone
Diflorasone is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a topical corticosteroid used to treat itching and inflammation of the skin.The precise mechanism of the antiinflammatory activity of topical steroids in the treatment of steroid-responsive dermatoses, in general, is uncertain. However, corticosteroids are thought to act by the induction of phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins, collectively called lipocortins. It is postulated that these proteins control the biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes by inhibiting the release of their common precursor arachidonic acid. Arachidonic acid is released from membrane phospholipids by phospholipase A2. D - Dermatologicals > D07 - Corticosteroids, dermatological preparations > D07A - Corticosteroids, plain > D07AC - Corticosteroids, potent (group iii) D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D005938 - Glucocorticoids C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C211 - Therapeutic Corticosteroid D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents
Tetrahydrocortisone
Cortisol is a corticosteroid hormone that is involved in the response to stress; it increases blood pressure and blood sugar levels and suppresses the immune system. Synthetic cortisol, also known as hydrocortisone, is used as a drug mainly to fight allergies and inflammation. -- Wikipedia; As an oral or injectable drug, cortisol is also known as hydrocortisone. It is used as an immunosuppressive drug, given by injection in the treatment of severe allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis and angioedema, in place of prednisolone in patients who need steroid treatment but cannot take oral medication, and peri-operatively in patients on long-term steroid treatment to prevent an Addisonian crisis. -- Wikipedia [HMDB] Cortisol is a corticosteroid hormone that is involved in the response to stress; it increases blood pressure and blood sugar levels and suppresses the immune system. Synthetic cortisol, also known as hydrocortisone, is used as a drug mainly to fight allergies and inflammation. -- Wikipedia; As an oral or injectable drug, cortisol is also known as hydrocortisone. It is used as an immunosuppressive drug, given by injection in the treatment of severe allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis and angioedema, in place of prednisolone in patients who need steroid treatment but cannot take oral medication, and peri-operatively in patients on long-term steroid treatment to prevent an Addisonian crisis. -- Wikipedia. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones Tetrahydrocortisone is a stress-induced hormone. Tetrahydrocortisone is also a urinary metabolite of Cortisone derived from the reduction of Cortisone by 5-reductase[1].
Tetrahydrocorticosterone
Tetrahydrocorticosterone belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 21-hydroxysteroids. These are steroids carrying a hydroxyl group at the 21-position of the steroid backbone. Thus, tetrahydrocorticosterone is considered to be a steroid lipid molecule. Tetrahydrocorticosterone is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Tetrahydrocorticosterone is one of the major urinary metabolites from corticosterone. Premenopausal patients with early breast cancer excrete subnormal amounts of tetrahydrocorticosterone as compared with the normal subjects of corresponding ages (PMID: 1133844). D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
Prednisolone
Prednisolone is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states. [PubChem]Glucocorticoids such as Prednisolone can inhibit leukocyte infiltration at the site of inflammation, interfere with mediators of inflammatory response, and suppress humoral immune responses. The antiinflammatory actions of glucocorticoids are thought to involve phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins, lipocortins, which control the biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Prednisolone reduces inflammatory reaction by limiting the capillary dilatation and permeability of the vascular structures. These compounds restrict the accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages and reduce the release of vasoactive kinins. Recent research suggests that corticosteroids may inhibit the release of arachidonic acid from phospholipids, thereby reducing the formation of prostaglandins. Prednisolone is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist. On binding, the corticoreceptor-ligand complex translocates itself into the cell nucleus, where it binds to many glucocorticoid response elements (GRE) in the promoter region of the target genes. The DNA bound receptor then interacts with basic transcription factors, causing an increase or decrease in expression of specific target genes, including suppression of IL2 (interleukin 2) expression. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1034; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10371; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10370 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1034; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10290; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10289 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1034; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10345; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10344 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1034; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10328; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10327 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1034; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10352; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10350 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1034; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3958; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3956 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1034; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3963; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3958 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1034; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3968; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3965 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1034; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3987; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3983 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1034; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3980; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3979 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1034; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3991; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3989 A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A07 - Antidiarrheals, intestinal antiinflammatory/antiinfective agents > A07E - Intestinal antiinflammatory agents > A07EA - Corticosteroids acting locally H - Systemic hormonal preparations, excl. sex hormones and insulins > H02 - Corticosteroids for systemic use > H02A - Corticosteroids for systemic use, plain > H02AB - Glucocorticoids S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01C - Antiinflammatory agents and antiinfectives in combination > S01CB - Corticosteroids/antiinfectives/mydriatics in combination D - Dermatologicals > D07 - Corticosteroids, dermatological preparations > D07X - Corticosteroids, other combinations > D07XA - Corticosteroids, weak, other combinations A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A01 - Stomatological preparations > A01A - Stomatological preparations > A01AC - Corticosteroids for local oral treatment C - Cardiovascular system > C05 - Vasoprotectives > C05A - Agents for treatment of hemorrhoids and anal fissures for topical use > C05AA - Corticosteroids D - Dermatologicals > D07 - Corticosteroids, dermatological preparations > D07A - Corticosteroids, plain > D07AA - Corticosteroids, weak (group i) R - Respiratory system > R01 - Nasal preparations > R01A - Decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use > R01AD - Corticosteroids S - Sensory organs > S03 - Ophthalmological and otological preparations > S03B - Corticosteroids > S03BA - Corticosteroids D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D005938 - Glucocorticoids S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01B - Antiinflammatory agents > S01BA - Corticosteroids, plain C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C211 - Therapeutic Corticosteroid S - Sensory organs > S02 - Otologicals > S02B - Corticosteroids > S02BA - Corticosteroids COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 2783 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2398 D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Prednisolone is a potent, orally active corticosteroid and a glucocorticoid. Prednisolone possesses about four times the anti-inflammatory activity of hydrocortisone while causing less salt and water retention. Prednisolone can be used for ocular, anti-inflammatory research[1][2].
Flunisolide
Flunisolide is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a corticosteroid often prescribed as treatment for allergic rhinitis.Flunisolide is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist. The antiinflammatory actions of corticosteroids are thought to involve lipocortins, phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins which, through inhibition arachidonic acid, control the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The immune system is suppressed by corticosteroids due to a decrease in the function of the lymphatic system, a reduction in immunoglobulin and complement concentrations, the precipitation of lymphocytopenia, and interference with antigen-antibody binding. Flunisolide binds to plasma transcortin, and it becomes active when it is not bound to transcortin. R - Respiratory system > R03 - Drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03B - Other drugs for obstructive airway diseases, inhalants > R03BA - Glucocorticoids R - Respiratory system > R01 - Nasal preparations > R01A - Decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use > R01AD - Corticosteroids C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C211 - Therapeutic Corticosteroid D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2812 D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents
3b-Allotetrahydrocortisol
3b-Allotetrahydrocortisol is one of the tetrahydrometabolites of cortisol. The 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11beta-HSD) is responsible for the interconversion of both the hormonally inactive cortisone and the active cortisol, which has implications in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, as reflected in the ratio of tetrahydrometabolites of cortisol. (PMID: 16310418). The daily excretion of allotetrahydrocortisol is above normal in hyperthyroid patients; In contrast, in hyperthyroidism the excretion is diminished below normal levels to approximately half that of normal subjects. (PMID 13906284). A decreased activity of the enzyme 11beta-HSD produces a pattern of urinary steroid metabolites with an abnormal elevation of tetrahydrocortisol and allo-tetrahydrocortisol compared to tetrahydrocortisone; this pattern of steroid excretion is essential for the diagnosis of the syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess type 1. (PMID: 8834992). 3b-Allotetrahydrocortisol is one of the tetrahydrometabolites of cortisol. The 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11beta-HSD) is responsible for the interconversion of both the hormonally inactive cortisone and the active cortisol, which has implications in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, as reflected in the ratio of tetrahydrometabolites of cortisol. (PMID: 16310418) D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones Tetrahydrocortisol is cortisol metabolite. The urinary Tetrahydrocortisol/Tetrahydrocortisone ratio decreases with increasing 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) activity[1][2].
Cortexolone
Cortexolone, also known as cortodoxone or 11-deoxycortisol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 21-hydroxysteroids. These are steroids carrying a hydroxyl group at the 21-position of the steroid backbone. Thus, cortexolone is considered to be a steroid molecule. Cortexolone is an endogenous glucocorticoid steroid hormone, and a metabolic intermediate in the synthesis of cortisol. It was first described by Tadeusz Reichstein in 1938 and named as Substance S. It has also been referred to as Reichsteins Substance S or Compound S. Cortexolone acts as a glucocorticoid, though it is less potent than cortisol. Cortexolone is synthesized from 17α-hydroxyprogesterone by 21-hydroxylase and is converted to cortisol by 11β-hydroxylase. As a result, the level of cortexolone is often measured in patients to diagnose impaired cortisol synthesis, to identify any enzyme deficiency that may be causing impairment along the pathway to cortisol, and to differentiate adrenal disorders. Cortexolone in mammals has limited biological activity and mainly acts as metabolic intermediate within the glucocorticoid pathway, leading to cortisol. On the other hand, in sea lampreys, cortexolone is the major glucocorticoid, with mineralocorticoid activity. Cortexolone in sea lampreys binds to specific corticosteroid receptors and is involved in intestinal osmoregulation and in sea lamprey at metamorphosis, a process in which they develop seawater tolerance before downstream migration. Cortexolone is the precursor of cortisol. Accumulation of Cortexolone can happen in a defect known as congenital adrenal hyperplasia, which is due to 11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency, resulting in androgen excess, virilization, and hypertension. (PMID: 2022736) C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C211 - Therapeutic Corticosteroid D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones Cortodoxone is a glucocorticoid that can be oxidized to cortisone (Hydrocortisone).
Paramethasone
A glucocorticoid with the general properties of corticosteroids. It has been used by mouth in the treatment of all conditions in which corticosteroid therapy is indicated except adrenal-deficiency states for which its lack of sodium-retaining properties makes it less suitable than hydrocortisone with supplementary fludrocortisone. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p737) H - Systemic hormonal preparations, excl. sex hormones and insulins > H02 - Corticosteroids for systemic use > H02A - Corticosteroids for systemic use, plain > H02AB - Glucocorticoids D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D005938 - Glucocorticoids C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C211 - Therapeutic Corticosteroid D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents
18-Hydroxycorticosterone
18-Hydroxycorticosterone is a corticosteroid and a derivative of corticosterone. If it is present in sufficiently high concentrations, it can lead to serious electrolyte imbalances (an electrolyte toxin). 18-Hydroxycorticosterone serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of aldosterone by the enzyme aldosterone synthase in the zona glomerulosa. Chronically high levels of 18-hydroxycorticosterone are associated with at least three inborn errors of metabolism including adrenal hyperplasia type V, corticosterone methyl oxidase I deficiency, and corticosterone methyl oxidase II deficiency. Each of these conditions is characterized by excessive amounts of sodium being released in the urine (salt wasting), along with insufficient release of potassium in the urine, usually beginning in the first few weeks of life. This imbalance leads to low levels of sodium and high levels of potassium in the blood (hyponatremia and hyperkalemia, respectively). Individuals with corticosterone methyloxidase deficiency can also have high levels of acid in the blood (metabolic acidosis). Acidosis typically occurs when arterial pH falls below 7.35. In infants with acidosis the initial symptoms include poor feeding, vomiting, loss of appetite, weak muscle tone (hypotonia), and lack of energy (lethargy). The hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and metabolic acidosis associated with corticosterone methyloxidase deficiency can cause nausea, vomiting, dehydration, low blood pressure, extreme tiredness (fatigue), and muscle weakness. 11 beta,18,21-Trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. 18-Hydroxycorticosterone is a derivative of corticosterone. It serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of aldosterone by the enzyme aldosterone synthase in the zona glomerulosa. [HMDB] D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
Dihydrocortisol
Dihydrocortisol is the product of the enzyme steroid 5-beta-reductase (EC 1.3.1.3), which catalyzes the reduction of progesterone, androstenedione, 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, testosterone, aldosterone, corticosterone, and cortisol to 5-beta-reduced metabolites. A deficiency in this enzyme is associated with a congenital defect in bile acid synthesis (OMIM: 235555). Dihydrocortisol is the substrate of the enzyme 3-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.225, 1.1.1.213, 1.3.1.20, 1.1.1.50), and is an intermediate in bile acid biosynthesis, C21-steroid hormone metabolism, androgen and estrogen metabolism, and the metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 (KEGG). Dihydrocortisol is the product of the enzyme Steroid 5-beta-reductase [EC 1.3.1.3], which catalyzes the reduction of progesterone, androstenedione, 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, testosterone, aldosterone, corticosterone and cortisol to 5-beta-reduced metabolites. A deficiency in this enzyme is associated with congenital defect in bile acid synthesis. (OMIM 235555) 5β-Dihydrocortisol, a metabolite of Cortisol, is a potential mineralocorticoid. 5β-Dihydrocortisol can potentiate glucocorticoid activity in raising the intraocular pressure. 5β-Dihydrocortisol causes breast cancer cell apoptosis[1][2][3][4][5].
3a,11b,21-Trihydroxy-20-oxo-5b-pregnan-18-al
3alpha,11beta,21-Trihydroxy-20-oxo-5beta-pregnan-18-al is an intermediate in C21-Steroid hormone metabolism. 3alpha,11beta,21-Trihydroxy-20-oxo-5beta-pregnan-18-al is converted from 11beta,21-Dihydroxy-3,20-oxo-5beta-pregnan-18-al via the enzyme 3-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.50). [HMDB] 3alpha,11beta,21-Trihydroxy-20-oxo-5beta-pregnan-18-al is an intermediate in C21-Steroid hormone metabolism. 3alpha,11beta,21-Trihydroxy-20-oxo-5beta-pregnan-18-al is converted from 11beta,21-Dihydroxy-3,20-oxo-5beta-pregnan-18-al via the enzyme 3-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.50).
dihydrocorticosterone
3a,21-Dihydroxy-5b-pregnane-11,20-dione
3alpha,21-Dihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-11,20-dione is an intermediate in C21-Steroid hormone metabolism. 3alpha,21-Dihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-11,20-dione is converted from Tetrahydrocorticosterone via the enzyme 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.146). It is then converted to 3alpha,20alpha,21-Trihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-11-one via the enzyme 3alpha(or 20beta)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.53). 3alpha,21-Dihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-11,20-dione is an intermediate in C21-Steroid hormone metabolism. 3alpha,21-Dihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-11,20-dione
Cortolone
It is one of the steriod metabolites. It is found in the urine of pregnant (36-40 weeks of gestation) and nonpregnant women and in amniotic fluid from nearly fullterm pregnant women.(PMID: 7419663) [HMDB] It is one of the steriod metabolites. It is found in the urine of pregnant (36-40 weeks of gestation) and nonpregnant women and in amniotic fluid from nearly fullterm pregnant women.(PMID: 7419663).
21-hydroxypregnenolone
21-hydroxypregnenolone is an essential intermediate in corticosterone synthesis. The hydrolysis of 21-hydroxypregnenolone of fetal origin by steryl-sulfatase (SOS, EC 3.1.6.2), may be important in the biosynthesis of deoxycorticosterone, which is present in the plasma of pregnant women in high concentration. 21-hydroxypregnenolone has been identified in follicular fluid from follicles of women. Pregnenolone is transformed to 21-hydroxypregnenolone by human adrenal microsomal preparations, suggesting the involvement of alternative paths via 17a,21-dihydroxypregnenolone in human. (PMID 974176, 3347051, 3495701, 7382480, 6247575) [HMDB] 21-hydroxypregnenolone is an essential intermediate in corticosterone synthesis. The hydrolysis of 21-hydroxypregnenolone of fetal origin by steryl-sulfatase (SOS, EC 3.1.6.2), may be important in the biosynthesis of deoxycorticosterone, which is present in the plasma of pregnant women in high concentration. 21-hydroxypregnenolone has been identified in follicular fluid from follicles of women. Pregnenolone is transformed to 21-hydroxypregnenolone by human adrenal microsomal preparations, suggesting the involvement of alternative paths via 17a,21-dihydroxypregnenolone in human. (PMID 974176, 3347051, 3495701, 7382480, 6247575). D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones 21-Hydroxypregnenolone. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=1164-98-3 (retrieved 2024-07-16) (CAS RN: 1164-98-3). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). 21-Hydroxypregnenolone is an essential intermediate in corticosterone synthesis.
17alpha,21-Dihydroxypregnenolone
17alpha,21-Dihydroxypregnenolone is an intermediate in the human fetus at midpregnancy that is converted into cortisol (PMID: 4231965). It has also been found as an intermediate in alternative pathways in human adrenal steroidogenesis that take place under in vitro conditions. In normal adrenal slices from patients with hypernephroid kidney carcinomas these pathways bypass cholesterol, pregnenolone, and progesterone, and proceed to 21-hydroxypregnenolone (PMID: 6247575). 17alpha,21-Dihydroxypregnenolone is an intermediate in C21-Steroid hormone metabolism. 17alpha,21-Dihydroxypregnenolone is the 5th to last step in the synthesis of Cortol and is converted from 17alpha-Hydroxypregnenolone via the enzyme cytochrome P450 (EC 1.14.99.10). It is then converted to 11beta,17alpha,21-Trihydroxypregnenolone via the enzyme cytochrome P450 (EC 1.14.15.4). 17alpha,21-Dihydroxypregnenolone is an intermediate in C21-Steroid hormone metabolism. 17alpha,21-Dihydroxypregnenolone is the 5th to last step in the synthesis of Cortol and is converted from 17alpha-Hydroxypregnenolone via the enzyme cytochrome P450 (EC 1.14.99.10). It is then converted to 11beta,17alpha,21-Trihydroxypregnenolone via the enzyme cytochrome P450 (EC 1.14.15.4). [HMDB] D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
11b,17a,21-Trihydroxypreg-nenolone
11beta,17alpha,21-Trihydroxypregnenolone is an intermediate in C21-Steroid hormone metabolism. 11beta,17alpha,21-Trihydroxypregnenolone is the 4th to last step in the synthesis of Cortol and is converted from 17alpha,21-Dihydroxypregnenolone via the enzyme cytochrome P450 (EC:1.14.15.4). It is then converted to Cortisol via the enzyme 3beta-hydroxy-delta5-steroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.145) and the enzyme steroid delta-isomerase (EC 5.3.3.1). [HMDB] 11beta,17alpha,21-Trihydroxypregnenolone is an intermediate in C21-Steroid hormone metabolism. 11beta,17alpha,21-Trihydroxypregnenolone is the 4th to last step in the synthesis of Cortol and is converted from 17alpha,21-Dihydroxypregnenolone via the enzyme cytochrome P450 (EC:1.14.15.4). It is then converted to Cortisol via the enzyme 3beta-hydroxy-delta5-steroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.145) and the enzyme steroid delta-isomerase (EC 5.3.3.1).
11-Dehydrocorticosterone
11-Dehydrocorticosterone is a mineral corticosteroid. The conversion of inactive 11-ketoglucocorticoids such as 11-dehydrocorticosterone) into active 11b-hydroxyglucocorticoids (such as corticosterone) is catalyzed by 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11b-HSD1, EC 1.1.1.146), which is expressed in many tissues and plays an important role in metabolically relevant tissues such as the liver, adipose tissue, skeletal muscles and possibly kidney. Chronically elevated local glucocorticoid action as a result of increased 11beta-HSD1 activity rather than elevated systemic glucocorticoid levels has been associated with metabolic syndrome, which is characterized by obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular complications. Recent studies indicate that compounds inhibiting 11beta-HSD1 activity ameliorate the adverse effects of excessive glucocorticoid concentrations on metabolic processes, providing promising opportunities for the development of therapeutic interventions. 11-dehydrocorticosterone and corticosterone display antinatriuretic activity, although 11-dehydrocorticosterone is generally a more potent sodium retainer than corticosterone. (PMID: 17584152, Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2007 Jun;7(2):125-40.) [HMDB] 11-Dehydrocorticosterone is a mineral corticosteroid. The conversion of inactive 11-ketoglucocorticoids such as 11-dehydrocorticosterone) into active 11b-hydroxyglucocorticoids (such as corticosterone) is catalyzed by 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11b-HSD1, EC 1.1.1.146), which is expressed in many tissues and plays an important role in metabolically relevant tissues such as the liver, adipose tissue, skeletal muscles and possibly kidney. Chronically elevated local glucocorticoid action as a result of increased 11beta-HSD1 activity rather than elevated systemic glucocorticoid levels has been associated with metabolic syndrome, which is characterized by obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular complications. Recent studies indicate that compounds inhibiting 11beta-HSD1 activity ameliorate the adverse effects of excessive glucocorticoid concentrations on metabolic processes, providing promising opportunities for the development of therapeutic interventions. 11-dehydrocorticosterone and corticosterone display antinatriuretic activity, although 11-dehydrocorticosterone is generally a more potent sodium retainer than corticosterone. (PMID: 17584152, Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2007 Jun;7(2):125-40.).
Cephaloglycin
Cephaloglycin is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a cephalorsporin antibiotic.The bactericidal activity of cephaloglycin results from the inhibition of cell wall synthesis via affinity for penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D002511 - Cephalosporins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C260 - Beta-Lactam Antibiotic Same as: D01949
Tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone
The neurosteroid allotetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone (THDOC) is an allosteric modulator of the GABA(A) receptor. Although the role of THDOC within the brain is undefined, recent studies indicate that stress induces THDOC to levels that can activate GABA(A) receptors. These results might have significant implications for human stress-sensitive conditions such as epilepsy, post-traumatic stress disorder and depression. (PMID 12628349) [HMDB] The neurosteroid allotetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone (THDOC) is an allosteric modulator of the GABA(A) receptor. Although the role of THDOC within the brain is undefined, recent studies indicate that stress induces THDOC to levels that can activate GABA(A) receptors. These results might have significant implications for human stress-sensitive conditions such as epilepsy, post-traumatic stress disorder and depression. (PMID 12628349). D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D000777 - Anesthetics D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014151 - Anti-Anxiety Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D000081227 - Neurosteroids 3α,21-Dihydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one (THDOC), an endogenous neurosteroid, is a positive modulator of GABAA receptors. 3α,21-Dihydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one potentiates neuronal response to low concentrations of GABA at α4β1δ GABAA receptors in vitro.
Tetrahydrodeoxycortisol
Tetrahydrodeoxycortisol (THS) is a mineralocorticoid, the main urinary metabolite of 11-deoxycortisol. THS excretion is significantly associated with tetrahydroaldosterone excretion, total androgen excretion, and cortisol metabolites. Aldosterone synthesis is highly heritable and is affected by genotype at CYP11B1. Variation in the region of chromosome 8 including the genes steroid 11-hydroxylase (CYP11B1) and aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) influences mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid metabolism; differences in 11-hydroxylation efficiency can have downstream effects on mineralocorticoid synthesis. Such effects may be of relevance to the development of low-renin essential hypertension. Genotype differences in CYP11B1 explains approx. 5\\% of the variance in urinary THS excretion in the population. Excretion of THS is heritable (19.4\\%) and the T-allele of the −344 C/T polymorphism of CYP11B2 is more strongly assocd. with higher THS levels than the C-allele. (PMID: 16984984, 15522937, 15272911) [HMDB] Tetrahydrodeoxycortisol (THS) is a mineralocorticoid, the main urinary metabolite of 11-deoxycortisol. THS excretion is significantly associated with tetrahydroaldosterone excretion, total androgen excretion, and cortisol metabolites. Aldosterone synthesis is highly heritable and is affected by genotype at CYP11B1. Variation in the region of chromosome 8 including the genes steroid 11-beta-hydroxylase (CYP11B1) and aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) influences mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid metabolism; differences in 11-hydroxylation efficiency can have downstream effects on mineralocorticoid synthesis. Such effects may be of relevance to the development of low-renin essential hypertension. Genotype differences in CYP11B1 explains approximately 5\\% of the variance in urinary THS excretion in the population. Excretion of THS is heritable (19.4\\%) and the T-allele of the -344 C/T polymorphism of CYP11B2 is more strongly associated with higher THS levels than the C-allele. (PMID: 16984984, 15522937, 15272911). D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
5alpha-Dihydrodeoxycorticosterone
This compound belongs to the family of Gluco/mineralocorticoids, Progestogins and Derivatives. These are steroids whose structure is based on an hydroxylated prostane moiety.
11b,21-Dihydroxy-5b-pregnane-3,20-dione
11beta,21-Dihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-3,20-dione is an intermediate in C21-Steroid hormone metabolism. 11beta,21-Dihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-3,20-dione is the 3rd to last step in the synthesis of 3alpha,20alpha,21-Trihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-11-one and is converted from Corticosterone via the enzyme 3-oxo-5beta-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.6). It is then converted to Tetrahydrocorticosterone via the enzyme 3-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.50). [HMDB] 11beta,21-Dihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-3,20-dione is an intermediate in C21-Steroid hormone metabolism. 11beta,21-Dihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-3,20-dione is the 3rd to last step in the synthesis of 3alpha,20alpha,21-Trihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-11-one and is converted from Corticosterone via the enzyme 3-oxo-5beta-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.6). It is then converted to Tetrahydrocorticosterone via the enzyme 3-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.50).
17a,21-Dihydroxy-5b-pregnane-3,11,20-trione
17alpha,21-Dihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-3,11,20-trione is an intermediate in C21-Steroid hormone metabolism. 17alpha,21-Dihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-3,11,20-trione is the second to last step in the synthesis of Cortolone and is converted. from Cortisone via the enzyme Delta4-3-oxosteroid 5beta-reductase (EC 1.3.1.3). It is then converted to Urocortisone via the enzyme 3-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.50). 17alpha,21-Dihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-3,11,20-trione is an intermediate in C21-Steroid hormone metabolism. 17alpha,21-Dihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-3,11,20-trione is the second to last step in the synthesis of Cortolone and is converted
Dexamethasone
Dexamethasone is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an anti-inflammatory 9-fluoro-glucocorticoid. Dexamethasone is a glucocorticoid agonist. It is used for its antiinflammatory or immunosuppressive properties and ability to penetrate the CNS, dexamethasone is used alone to manage cerebral edema and with tobramycin to treat corticosteroid-responsive inflammatory ocular conditions. Dexamethasone can be used in the context of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, to prevent virilisation of a female fetus. Unbound dexamethasone crosses cell membranes and binds with high affinity to specific cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptors. This complex binds to DNA elements (glucocorticoid response elements) which results in a modification of transcription and, hence, protein synthesis in order to achieve inhibition of leukocyte infiltration at the site of inflammation, interference in the function of mediators of inflammatory response, suppression of humoral immune responses, and reduction in edema or scar tissue. The antiinflammatory actions of dexamethasone are thought to involve phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins, lipocortins, which control the biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Dexamethasone has been shown to exhibit anesthetic, anti-microbial, appetite stimulant, muscle building and sedative functions (PMID 16571981, 19842390, 11563572, 20080405, 2898201). Its potency is about 20-30 times that of hydrocortisone and 4-5 times of prednisone. H - Systemic hormonal preparations, excl. sex hormones and insulins > H02 - Corticosteroids for systemic use > H02A - Corticosteroids for systemic use, plain > H02AB - Glucocorticoids D - Dermatologicals > D07 - Corticosteroids, dermatological preparations > D07X - Corticosteroids, other combinations > D07XB - Corticosteroids, moderately potent, other combinations S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01C - Antiinflammatory agents and antiinfectives in combination > S01CB - Corticosteroids/antiinfectives/mydriatics in combination D - Dermatologicals > D07 - Corticosteroids, dermatological preparations > D07A - Corticosteroids, plain > D07AB - Corticosteroids, moderately potent (group ii) D - Dermatologicals > D10 - Anti-acne preparations > D10A - Anti-acne preparations for topical use > D10AA - Corticosteroids, combinations for treatment of acne A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A01 - Stomatological preparations > A01A - Stomatological preparations > A01AC - Corticosteroids for local oral treatment C - Cardiovascular system > C05 - Vasoprotectives > C05A - Agents for treatment of hemorrhoids and anal fissures for topical use > C05AA - Corticosteroids R - Respiratory system > R01 - Nasal preparations > R01A - Decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use > R01AD - Corticosteroids Glucocorticoid with potent antiinflammatory props. Not FDA approved for use in food-producing animals, but may be used illegally S - Sensory organs > S03 - Ophthalmological and otological preparations > S03B - Corticosteroids > S03BA - Corticosteroids D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D005938 - Glucocorticoids COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials, DrugBank, Guide to PHARMACOLOGY S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01B - Antiinflammatory agents > S01BA - Corticosteroids, plain C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C211 - Therapeutic Corticosteroid S - Sensory organs > S02 - Otologicals > S02B - Corticosteroids > S02BA - Corticosteroids D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C267 - Antiemetic Agent [Raw Data] CB196_Dexamethasone_pos_30eV_isCID-10eV_rep000005.txt [Raw Data] CB196_Dexamethasone_pos_20eV_isCID-10eV_rep000005.txt [Raw Data] CB196_Dexamethasone_pos_40eV_isCID-10eV_rep000005.txt [Raw Data] CB196_Dexamethasone_pos_10eV_isCID-10eV_rep000005.txt [Raw Data] CB196_Dexamethasone_pos_50eV_isCID-10eV_rep000005.txt D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D000932 - Antiemetics D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents Same as: D00292 Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Triamcinolone
Triamcinolone is a C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections. It has a role as an anti-allergic agent and an anti-inflammatory drug. It is a fluorinated steroid, an 11beta-hydroxy steroid, a 20-oxo steroid, a 21-hydroxy steroid, a 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid, a glucocorticoid, a 17alpha-hydroxy steroid, a 16alpha-hydroxy steroid, a C21-steroid hormone, a primary alpha-hydroxy ketone and a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone. It derives from a hydride of a pregnane. Triamcinolone is a corticosteroid used to treat various inflammatory conditions in the body from allergic rhinitis to acute exacerbations of multiple sclerosis. Triamcinolone can be used as a one time adjunct treatment of osteoarthritic knee pain, or first line as a topical treatment of corticosteroid responsive dermatoses. Triamcinolone is more commonly seen in the forms triamcinolone hexacetonide, triamcinolone acetonide, and triamcinolone diacetate. Triamcinolone was granted FDA approval on 3 December 1957. In October 2021, a suspension of triamcinolone acetonide was approved for suprachoroidal injection - the first suprachoroidal injection to receive FDA approval - for the treatment of patients with macular edema associated with uveitis. Triamcinolone is a Corticosteroid. The mechanism of action of triamcinolone is as a Corticosteroid Hormone Receptor Agonist. Triamcinolone is a synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties. Upon cell entry, triamcinolone binds to and activates the glucocorticoid receptor, which leads to translocation of the ligand-receptor complex to the nucleus and induces expression of glucocorticoid-responsive genes such as lipocortins. Lipocortins inhibit phospholipase A2, thereby blocking the release of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids and preventing the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes, both mediators of inflammation. In addition, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, including interleukin (IL)-1and IL-6, and the activation of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes is also inhibited. T-cells are prevented from making IL-2 and proliferating. This agent also decreases the number of circulating lymphocytes, induces cell differentiation, and stimulates apoptosis through increasing Ikappa-B expression and curtailing activation of nuclear factor (NF)kappa-B. A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739) See also: Triamcinolone Acetonide (active moiety of); Triamcinolone Diacetate (is active moiety of). Triamcinolone is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739)The antiinflammatory actions of corticosteroids are thought to involve lipocortins, phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins which, through inhibition of arachidonic acid, control the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Firstly, however, these glucocorticoids bind to the glucocorticoid receptors which translocate into the nucleus and bind DNA (GRE) and change genetic expression both positively and negatively. The immune system is suppressed by corticosteroids due to a decrease in the function of the lymphatic system, a reduction in immunoglobulin and complement concentrations, the precipitation of lymphocytopenia, and interference with antigen-antibody binding. H - Systemic hormonal preparations, excl. sex hormones and insulins > H02 - Corticosteroids for systemic use > H02A - Corticosteroids for systemic use, plain > H02AB - Glucocorticoids D - Dermatologicals > D07 - Corticosteroids, dermatological preparations > D07X - Corticosteroids, other combinations > D07XB - Corticosteroids, moderately potent, other combinations D - Dermatologicals > D07 - Corticosteroids, dermatological preparations > D07A - Corticosteroids, plain > D07AB - Corticosteroids, moderately potent (group ii) A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A01 - Stomatological preparations > A01A - Stomatological preparations > A01AC - Corticosteroids for local oral treatment R - Respiratory system > R03 - Drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03B - Other drugs for obstructive airway diseases, inhalants > R03BA - Glucocorticoids C - Cardiovascular system > C05 - Vasoprotectives > C05A - Agents for treatment of hemorrhoids and anal fissures for topical use > C05AA - Corticosteroids R - Respiratory system > R01 - Nasal preparations > R01A - Decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use > R01AD - Corticosteroids D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D005938 - Glucocorticoids S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01B - Antiinflammatory agents > S01BA - Corticosteroids, plain C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C211 - Therapeutic Corticosteroid D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents Triamcinolone is a long-acting glucocorticoid, a corticosteroid receptor (corticosteroid hormone receptor) agonist, and has anti-inflammatory effects.
Methylprednisolone
Methylprednisolone is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a prednisolone derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action. [PubChem]Unbound glucocorticoids cross cell membranes and bind with high affinity to specific cytoplasmic receptors, modifying transcription and protein synthesis. By this mechanism, glucocorticoids can inhibit leukocyte infiltration at the site of inflammation, interfere with mediators of inflammatory response, and suppress humoral immune responses. The antiinflammatory actions of corticosteroids are thought to involve phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins, lipocortins, which control the biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes. H - Systemic hormonal preparations, excl. sex hormones and insulins > H02 - Corticosteroids for systemic use > H02A - Corticosteroids for systemic use, plain > H02AB - Glucocorticoids D - Dermatologicals > D10 - Anti-acne preparations > D10A - Anti-acne preparations for topical use > D10AA - Corticosteroids, combinations for treatment of acne D - Dermatologicals > D07 - Corticosteroids, dermatological preparations > D07A - Corticosteroids, plain > D07AA - Corticosteroids, weak (group i) D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D005938 - Glucocorticoids C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C211 - Therapeutic Corticosteroid COVID info from DrugBank, clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018696 - Neuroprotective Agents D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D000932 - Antiemetics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D020011 - Protective Agents Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Budesonide
Budesonide is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a glucocorticoid used in the management of asthma, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic rhinitis. [PubChem]The exact mechanism of action of budesonide in the treatment of Crohns disease is not fully understood. However, being a glucocorticosteroid, budesonide has a high local anti-inflammatory effect. A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A07 - Antidiarrheals, intestinal antiinflammatory/antiinfective agents > A07E - Intestinal antiinflammatory agents > A07EA - Corticosteroids acting locally R - Respiratory system > R03 - Drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03B - Other drugs for obstructive airway diseases, inhalants > R03BA - Glucocorticoids D - Dermatologicals > D07 - Corticosteroids, dermatological preparations > D07A - Corticosteroids, plain > D07AC - Corticosteroids, potent (group iii) R - Respiratory system > R01 - Nasal preparations > R01A - Decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use > R01AD - Corticosteroids D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D005938 - Glucocorticoids COVID info from clinicaltrials, clinicaltrial, clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents > D001993 - Bronchodilator Agents C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C211 - Therapeutic Corticosteroid D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
6beta-hydroxybudesonide
6β-hydroxybudesonide is a metabolite of budesonide. Budesonide is a glucocorticoid steroid for the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis (including hay fever and other allergies), and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis. In addition, it is used for Crohns disease. (Wikipedia)
Desonide
Desonide is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a nonfluorinated corticosteroid anti-inflammatory agent used topically for dermatoses. [PubChem]Like other topical corticosteroids, desonide has anti-inflammatory, antipruritic and vasoconstrictive properties. The drug binds to cytosolic glucocorticoid receptors. This complex migrates to the nucleus and binds to genetic elements on the DNA. This activates and represses various genes. However corticosteroids are thought to act by the induction of phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins, collectively called lipocortins. It is postulated that these proteins control the biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes by inhibiting the release of their common precursor arachidonic acid. Arachidonic acid is released from membrane phospholipids by phospholipase A2. D - Dermatologicals > D07 - Corticosteroids, dermatological preparations > D07A - Corticosteroids, plain > D07AB - Corticosteroids, moderately potent (group ii) S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01B - Antiinflammatory agents > S01BA - Corticosteroids, plain C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C211 - Therapeutic Corticosteroid D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents
Desoximetasone
Desoximetasone is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a topical anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in dermatoses, skin allergies, psoriasis, etc. [PubChem]The precise mechanism of the antiinflammatory activity of topical steroids in the treatment of steroid-responsive dermatoses, in general, is uncertain. However, corticosteroids are thought to act by the induction of phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins, collectively called lipocortins. This is achieved first by the drug binding to the glucocorticoid receptors which then translocates into the nucleus and binds to DNA causing various activations and repressions of genes. It is postulated that these proteins control the biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes by inhibiting the release of their common precursor arachidonic acid. Arachidonic acid is released from membrane phospholipids by phospholipase A2. D - Dermatologicals > D07 - Corticosteroids, dermatological preparations > D07X - Corticosteroids, other combinations > D07XC - Corticosteroids, potent, other combinations D - Dermatologicals > D07 - Corticosteroids, dermatological preparations > D07A - Corticosteroids, plain > D07AC - Corticosteroids, potent (group iii) D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D005938 - Glucocorticoids C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C211 - Therapeutic Corticosteroid D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents
Flurandrenolide
Flurandrenolide is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a corticosteroid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream or an ointment, and is also used as a polyethylene tape with an adhesive. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p733)Flurandrenolide is a topical corticosteroid. It is normally applied to a plastic tape called Cordran. Cordran is primarily effective because of its anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, and vasoconstrictive actions. Flurandrenolide, which is slowly released from the Cordran tape, binds to the cytosolic glucocorticoid receptor. After binding the receptor the newly formed receptor-ligand complex translocates itself into the cell nucleus, where it binds to many glucocorticoid response elements (GRE) in the promoter region of the target genes. The DNA bound receptor then interacts with basic transcription factors, causing the increase in expression of specific target genes. The anti-inflammatory actions of corticosteroids are thought to involve lipocortins, phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins which, through inhibition arachidonic acid, control the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Specifically glucocorticoids induce lipocortin-1 (annexin-1) synthesis, which then binds to cell membranes preventing the phospholipase A2 from coming into contact with its substrate arachidonic acid. This leads to diminished eicosanoid production. Cyclooxygenase (both COX-1 and COX-2) expression is also suppressed, potentiating the effect. In another words, the two main products in inflammation Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes are inhibited by the action of Glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoids also stimulate the lipocortin-1 escaping to the extracellular space, where it binds to the leukocyte membrane receptors and inhibits various inflammatory events: epithelial adhesion, emigration, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, respiratory burst and the release of various inflammatory mediators (lysosomal enzymes, cytokines, tissue plasminogen activator, chemokines etc.) from neutrophils, macrophages and mastocytes. Additionally the immune system is suppressed by corticosteroids due to a decrease in the function of the lymphatic system, a reduction in immunoglobulin and complement concentrations, the precipitation of lymphocytopenia, and interference with antigen-antibody binding. Like other glucocorticoid agents Fluocinolone acetonide acts as a physiological antagonist to insulin by decreasing glycogenesis (formation of glycogen). It also promotes the breakdown of lipids (lipolysis), and proteins, leading to the mobilization of extrahepatic amino acids and ketone bodies. This leads to increased circulating glucose concentrations (in the blood). There is also decreased glycogen formation in the liver. D - Dermatologicals > D07 - Corticosteroids, dermatological preparations > D07A - Corticosteroids, plain > D07AC - Corticosteroids, potent (group iii) D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D005938 - Glucocorticoids C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C211 - Therapeutic Corticosteroid D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents
19-Hydroxydeoxycorticosterone
19-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone (19,21-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3,20-dione), 19-oxo-deoxycorticosterone (21-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3,19,20-trione), and 19-oic-deoxycorticosterone (19-oic-21-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3,20-dione)are formed from precursor deoxycorticosterone by adrenal glands obtained from intact rats and from rats undergoing adrenal regeneration.rat adrenals have the enzymes required to convert deoxycorticosterone to 19-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone, 19-oxo-deoxycorticosterone, and 19-oic-deoxycorticosterone; however, rat adrenals do not convert deoxycorticosterone or any of the oxygenated metabolites to 19-nor-deoxycorticosterone (21-hydroxy-19-nor-4-pregnen-3,20-dione). It is possible, however, that 19-nor-deoxycorticosterone is formed at peripheral sites from the oxygenated deoxycorticosterone precursors [HMDB] 19-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone (19,21-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3,20-dione), 19-oxo-deoxycorticosterone (21-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3,19,20-trione), and 19-oic-deoxycorticosterone (19-oic-21-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3,20-dione)are formed from precursor deoxycorticosterone by adrenal glands obtained from intact rats and from rats undergoing adrenal regeneration.rat adrenals have the enzymes required to convert deoxycorticosterone to 19-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone, 19-oxo-deoxycorticosterone, and 19-oic-deoxycorticosterone; however, rat adrenals do not convert deoxycorticosterone or any of the oxygenated metabolites to 19-nor-deoxycorticosterone (21-hydroxy-19-nor-4-pregnen-3,20-dione). It is possible, however, that 19-nor-deoxycorticosterone is formed at peripheral sites from the oxygenated deoxycorticosterone precursors.
18-Oxocortisol
18-Oxocortisol shares structural characteristics with cortisol and aldosterone and is secreted from the adrenal cortex. The plasma levels of 18-Oxocortisol are significantly higher in patients with adrenocortical disorders than in control subjects. (PMID 8013138) [HMDB] 18-Oxocortisol shares structural characteristics with cortisol and aldosterone and is secreted from the adrenal cortex. The plasma levels of 18-Oxocortisol are significantly higher in patients with adrenocortical disorders than in control subjects. (PMID 8013138). D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
18-Hydroxycortisol
18-Hydroxycortisol is a derivative of cortIsolated It may be synthesized by zona fasciculata 11-beta hydroxylase in normal human adrenal cortex. (PMID 15356073; 1751390) Overproduction of 18-hydroxycortisol is an aid in the detection of Glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism which is an inherited form of mineralocorticoid excess associated with moderate overproduction of aldosterone, in which biochemical and clinical remission is dramatically induced by small amounts of glucocorticoids.(PMID: 1879399) [HMDB] 18-Hydroxycortisol is a derivative of cortIsolated It may be synthesized by zona fasciculata 11-beta hydroxylase in normal human adrenal cortex. (PMID 15356073; 1751390) Overproduction of 18-hydroxycortisol is an aid in the detection of Glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism which is an inherited form of mineralocorticoid excess associated with moderate overproduction of aldosterone, in which biochemical and clinical remission is dramatically induced by small amounts of glucocorticoids.(PMID: 1879399). 18-hydroxycortisol is a 18-hydroxy steroid that is cortisol carrying a hydroxy group at position 18. Its urinary excretion is increased in patients with aldosterone-producing adenoma. It has a role as a human urinary metabolite. It is an 11beta-hydroxy steroid, a 17alpha-hydroxy-C21-steroid, a 20-oxo steroid, a 21-hydroxy steroid, a 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid, a glucocorticoid, a primary alpha-hydroxy ketone, a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone and a 18-hydroxy steroid. It is functionally related to a cortisol. It derives from a hydride of a pregnane. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
5a-Tetrahydrocorticosterone
5a-tetrahydrocorticosterone is highly sensitive to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion. High levels of 5a-Tetrahydrocorticosterone are a warning sign of hypertension. (PMID: 16597193,7473516). 5a-tetrahydrocorticosterone is highly sensitive to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion. High levels of 5a-Tetrahydrocorticosterone are a warning sign of hypertension. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
5alpha-Tetrahydrocortisol
5a-Tetrahydrocortisol is a normal human metabolite. However its increased ratio (5alpha-Tetrahydrocortisol + Tetrahydrocortisol) over Tetrahydrocortisone in urine is the biochemical marker for the syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess (AME). AME is a heritable form of hypertension due to an inborn error of cortisol metabolism and is characterized by hypokalemia and low renin levels despite subnormal or normal levels of aldosterone and other known mineralocorticoids. The syndrome is attributable to congenital deficiency of the enzyme 11 beta-hydroxydehydrogenase (11 beta-HSD), which converts cortisol to biologically inactive cortisone. This results in a prolonged half-life of Cortisol, which acts at the kidney level as a potent mineralocorticoid. (PMID: 8732999) [HMDB] 5alpha-Tetrahydrocortisol is a normal human metabolite. However its increased ratio (5alpha-tetrahydrocortisol + tetrahydrocortisol) over tetrahydrocortisone in urine is the biochemical marker for the syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess (AME). AME is a heritable form of hypertension due to an inborn error of cortisol metabolism and is characterized by hypokalemia and low renin levels despite subnormal or normal levels of aldosterone and other known mineralocorticoids. The syndrome is attributable to congenital deficiency of the enzyme 11 beta-hydroxydehydrogenase (11-beta-HSD), which converts cortisol to biologically inactive cortisone. This results in a prolonged half-life of cortisol, which acts at the kidney level as a potent mineralocorticoid (PMID: 8732999). D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
beta-Cortol
beta-Cortol is a normal androgen metabolite present in adults. It has been found in the urine of infants as well. Beta-Cortol is the 5b enantiomer of beta-allocortol. Beta-cortol levels are significantly higher in premenopausal women with leiomyomas than in age-matched healthy premenopausal control women. Uterine leiomyomas are tumors closely associated with estrogen levels and it has been noted that the development of leiomyomas depends on the condition of menstruation, perimenopause and pregnancy. (PMID: 14698830, 14616886, 14643447, 15635046, 14709852) [HMDB] beta-Cortol is a normal androgen metabolite present in adults. It has been found in the urine of infants as well. beta-Cortol is the 5beta enantiomer of beta-allocortol. beta-Cortol levels are significantly higher in premenopausal women with leiomyomas than in age-matched healthy premenopausal control women. Uterine leiomyomas are tumours closely associated with estrogen levels and it has been noted that the development of leiomyomas depends on the condition of menstruation, perimenopause, and pregnancy (PMID: 14698830, 14616886, 14643447, 15635046, 14709852).
19-Oic-deoxycorticosterone
19-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone (19,21-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3,20-dione), 19-oxo-deoxycorticosterone (21-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3,19,20-trione), and 19-oic-deoxycorticosterone (19-oic-21-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3,20-dione)are formed from precursor deoxycorticosterone by adrenal glands obtained from intact rats and from rats undergoing adrenal regeneration.rat adrenals have the enzymes required to convert deoxycorticosterone to 19-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone, 19-oxo-deoxycorticosterone, and 19-oic-deoxycorticosterone; however, rat adrenals do not convert deoxycorticosterone or any of the oxygenated metabolites to 19-nor-deoxycorticosterone (21-hydroxy-19-nor-4-pregnen-3,20-dione). It is possible, however, that 19-nor-deoxycorticosterone is formed at peripheral sites from the oxygenated deoxycorticosterone precursors [HMDB] 19-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone (19,21-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3,20-dione), 19-oxo-deoxycorticosterone (21-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3,19,20-trione), and 19-oic-deoxycorticosterone (19-oic-21-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3,20-dione)are formed from precursor deoxycorticosterone by adrenal glands obtained from intact rats and from rats undergoing adrenal regeneration.rat adrenals have the enzymes required to convert deoxycorticosterone to 19-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone, 19-oxo-deoxycorticosterone, and 19-oic-deoxycorticosterone; however, rat adrenals do not convert deoxycorticosterone or any of the oxygenated metabolites to 19-nor-deoxycorticosterone (21-hydroxy-19-nor-4-pregnen-3,20-dione). It is possible, however, that 19-nor-deoxycorticosterone is formed at peripheral sites from the oxygenated deoxycorticosterone precursors.
19-Oxo-deoxycorticosterone
19-oxo-deoxycorticosterone (19-oxo-DOC) is a steroid recently isolated from the rat adrenal gland.19-Oxo-Deoxycorticosterone Binds to the Renal Mineralocorticoid Receptor and Produces Sodium Retention but Not Potassium Excretion.19-oxo-DOC both binds to type I renal mineralocor-ticoid receptors and produces the expected antinatriuretic effect of maximal doses of mineralocorticoids. This lack of a kaliuretic effect suggests that either 1) the kaliuretic effect of steroids such as aldosterone is mediated by a binding site other than the type I receptors, or 2) that potassium secretion mediated by aldoster-one-type I receptor interactions in discrete nephron target segments can be influenced by a steroid-sensitive potassium-recycling system in a more distal nephron site. 19-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone (19,21-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3,20-dione), 19-oxo-deoxycorticosterone (21-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3,19,20-trione), and 19-oic-deoxycorticosterone (19-oic-21-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3,20-dione)are formed from precursor deoxycorticosterone by adrenal glands obtained from intact rats and from rats undergoing adrenal regeneration.rat adrenals have the enzymes required to convert deoxycorticosterone to 19-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone, 19-oxo-deoxycorticosterone, and 19-oic-deoxycorticosterone; however, rat adrenals do not convert deoxycorticosterone or any of the oxygenated metabolites to 19-nor-deoxycorticosterone (21-hydroxy-19-nor-4-pregnen-3,20-dione). It is possible, however, that 19-nor-deoxycorticosterone is formed at peripheral sites from the oxygenated deoxycorticosterone precursors. 19-oxo-deoxycorticosterone (19-oxo-DOC) is a steroid recently isolated from the rat adrenal gland.19-Oxo-Deoxycorticosterone Binds to the Renal Mineralocorticoid Receptor and Produces Sodium Retention but Not Potassium Excretion.19-oxo-DOC both binds to type I renal mineralocor-ticoid receptors and produces the expected antinatriuretic effect of maximal doses of mineralocorticoids. This lack of a kaliuretic effect suggests that either 1) the kaliuretic effect of steroids such as aldosterone is mediated by a binding site other than the type I receptors, or 2) that potassium secretion mediated by aldoster-one-type I receptor interactions in discrete nephron target segments can be influenced by a steroid-sensitive potassium-recycling system in a more distal nephron site
18-Hydroxy-11-dehydrotetrahydrocorticosterone
18-Hydroxy-11-dehydrotetrahydrocorticosterone is a major urinary metabolite of 18-hydroxycorticosterone and is used to monitor 18-hydroxycorticosterone secretion rate. A human metabolite taken as a putative food compound of mammalian origin [HMDB]
Alclometasone
Alclometasone is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is synthetic glucocorticoid steroid for topical use in dermatology as anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, antiallergic, antiproliferative and vasoconstrictive agent. [Wikipedia]The mechanism of the anti-inflammatory activity of the topical steroids, in general, is unclear. However, corticosteroids are thought to act by the induction of phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins, collectively called lipocortins. It is postulated that these proteins control the biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes by inhibiting the release of their common precursor, arachidonic acid. Arachidonic acid is released from membrane phospholipids by phospholipase A2. Alclometasone initially binds the corticosteroid receptor. This complex migrates to the nucleus where it binds to different glucocorticoid response elements on the DNA. This in turn enhances and represses various genes, especially those involved in inflammatory pathways. D - Dermatologicals > D07 - Corticosteroids, dermatological preparations > D07A - Corticosteroids, plain > D07AB - Corticosteroids, moderately potent (group ii) S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01B - Antiinflammatory agents > S01BA - Corticosteroids, plain C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C211 - Therapeutic Corticosteroid
Clocortolone
Clocortolone is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a medium potency corticosteroid that is often used as a topical cream for the relief of inflammatory oand pruritic (itching) arising from steroid-responsive dermatoses of the scalp.The precise mechanism of the antiinflammatory activity of topical steroids in the treatment of steroid-responsive dermatoses, in general, is uncertain. However, corticosteroids are thought to act by the induction of phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins, collectively called lipocortins. It is postulated that these proteins control the biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes by inhibiting the release of their common precursor arachidonic acid. Arachidonic acid is released from membrane phospholipids by phospholipase A2. These enzyme transcriptional changes are mediated by the drug binding first to the glucocorticoid receptor. This complex can migrate to the cell nucleus which then binds to DNA initiating genetic activation and repression of various genes. D - Dermatologicals > D07 - Corticosteroids, dermatological preparations > D07A - Corticosteroids, plain > D07AB - Corticosteroids, moderately potent (group ii) D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D005938 - Glucocorticoids C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C211 - Therapeutic Corticosteroid D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents
19-Noraldosterone
19-noraldosterone belongs to the family of Gluco/mineralocorticoids, Progestogins and Derivatives. These are steroids whose structure is based on an hydroxylated prostane moiety. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
6alpha,9alpha-Difluoroprednisolone-17-butyrate
6alpha,9alpha-Difluoroprednisolone-17-butyrate is a metabolite of difluprednate. Difluprednate is a corticosteroid, It is chemically a butyrate ester of 6(alpha),9(alpha)-difluoro prednisolone acetate. Accordingly, difluprednate is sometimes abbreviated DFBA, for difluoroprednisolone butyrate acetate. (Wikipedia)
16α-hydroxyprednisolone
16α-hydroxyprednisolone is a metabolite of budesonide. Budesonide is a glucocorticoid steroid for the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis (including hay fever and other allergies), and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis. In addition, it is used for Crohns disease. (Wikipedia)
6-beta-hydroxydexamethasone
6-beta-hydroxydexamethasone is a metabolite of dexamethasone. Dexamethasone is a potent synthetic member of the glucocorticoid class of steroid drugs. It acts as an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant. When taken orally, it is 26.6 times more potent than the naturally occurring hormone cortisol and 6.6 times more potent than prednisone. (Wikipedia)
Hydroxyfluoroprednisolone butyrate
Hydroxyfluoroprednisolone butyrate (HFB) is an inert metabolite of difluprednate (PMID: 19668594, 19668594). Difluprednate (DFBA) is a corticosteroid and is chemically a butyrate ester of 6alpha,9alpha-difluoro prednisolone acetate (Wikipedia).
5beta-dihydrodeoxycorticosterone
5beta-dihydrodeoxycorticosterone, also known as Hydroxydione or 21-Hydroxy-5beta-pregnane-3,20-dione, is classified as a member of the 21-hydroxysteroids. 21-hydroxysteroids are steroids carrying a hydroxyl group at the 21-position of the steroid backbone. 5beta-dihydrodeoxycorticosterone is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and relatively neutral D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D000081227 - Neurosteroids
(22R)-Budesonide
11-Dehydrodexamethasone
11-Deoxycortisol-3-carboxymethyloxime
11-Epicortisol
16alpha-Hydroxyprednisolone
17-(2-Hydroxyacetyl)-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
19-Nordeoxycorticosterone
1alpha-Hydroxycorticosterone
Reichstein's substance E
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
21-Desacetyl Deflazacort
4,5-Dihydrocortisol
(8S,9S,10R,13S,14S,17R)-11,17-Dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10,13-dimethyl-7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-octahydro-6H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
17,20,21-Trihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
A-Methapred
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D005938 - Glucocorticoids D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018696 - Neuroprotective Agents D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents D020011 - Protective Agents
6-Hydroxycortisol
6beta-Hydroxydexamethasone
6-Methylprednisone
9-Fluorocortisone
9-Fluoroprednisolone
(5R,8R,9S,10S,13S,14S,17S)-17-(2-Hydroxyacetyl)-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
Allotetrahydrocortisone
Alfadolone
Beclomethasone
Beclomethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties. After cell surface receptor attachment and cell entry, beclomethasone enters the nucleus where it binds to and activates specific nuclear receptors, resulting in an altered gene expression and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D005938 - Glucocorticoids D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents
Beclomethasone 17-monopropionate
beclomethasone propionate
beta-hydroxyprednisolone
Betamethasone 17 Valerate
Betamethasone 17-benzoate
Celestone
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D005938 - Glucocorticoids D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents
Cloprednol
Cortisol lactate
Deoxycortisol
Desisobutyrylciclesonide
Desoxycortisone acetate
Diflucortolone
dihydrodeoxycorticosterone
Flumethasone
Fluocinolone
C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C211 - Therapeutic Corticosteroid
Fluocortolone
Fluorohydrocortisone
Fluprednisolone
Halometasone
Hydrocortisone 17-butyrate
Hydrocortisone 17-butyrate is an adrenocortical hormone active molecule.
hydroxycortisol
hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one
Metabolite M
Nitro-prednisolone
Prednisolone butyrate
Reichsteins Substance S
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
(8S,9S,10S,13S,14S,17R)-17-Hydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-1,10,13-trimethyl-6,7,8,9,12,14,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,11-dione
17,21-Dihydroxypregnane-3,20-dione
Tridesilon
D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents
6beta-Hydroxydexbudesonide
Methylprednisolone 17-hemisuccinate
Pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione, 11,17,18,21-tetrahydroxy-, (11beta)-
vamorolone
(1R,2S,5S,6R,9S,10S)-3,6,17,20-Tetrahydroxy-6-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-1,5-dimethylpentacyclo[11.8.0.02,10.05,9.016,21]henicosa-13,16,18,20-tetraen-15-one
(8R,9R,10S,13S,17R)-11,17-Dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-1,10,13-trimethyl-7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-octahydro-6H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
(8R,9S,10R,13S,14S,16R,17S)-16-Ethyl-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-13-methyl-2,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
(8S,9R,10S,11R,13S,14S,17S)-9-Fluoro-11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
(8S,9S,10R,13S,14S,17R)-1-Hexadecanoyl-11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10,13-dimethyl-7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-octahydro-6H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
(8S,9S,10S,11S,13S,14S,17R)-11,17-Dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10,13-dimethyl-1,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-2,3-dione
(8S,9S,10S,11S,13S,14S,17R)-11,17-Dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10,13-dimethyl-9-nonyl-1,2,6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
Clascoterone
C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C163758 - Targeted Therapy Agent > C146993 - Androgen Receptor Inhibitor D - Dermatologicals > D10 - Anti-acne preparations > D10A - Anti-acne preparations for topical use C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C547 - Hormone Antagonist > C242 - Anti-Androgen
