NCBI Taxonomy: 3798
Saxifraga (ncbi_taxid: 3798)
found 20 associated metabolites at genus taxonomy rank level.
Ancestor: Saxifrageae
Child Taxonomies: Saxifraga cernua, Saxifraga hypnoides, Saxifraga parva, Saxifraga losae, Saxifraga firma, Saxifraga harae, Saxifraga rigoi, Saxifraga retusa, Saxifraga aspera, Saxifraga prenja, Saxifraga caesia, Saxifraga hostii, Saxifraga clusii, Saxifraga mutata, Saxifraga blavii, Saxifraga decora, Saxifraga nutans, Saxifraga berica, Saxifraga roylei, Saxifraga sancta, Saxifraga graeca, Saxifraga aizoon, Saxifraga lactea, Saxifraga alpina, Saxifraga x geum, Saxifraga arguta, Saxifraga wardii, Saxifraga lepida, Saxifraga tenuis, Saxifraga mertensiana, Saxifraga nervosa, Saxifraga oresbia, Saxifraga prattii, Saxifraga pulchra, Saxifraga repanda, Saxifraga serrula, Saxifraga signata, Saxifraga egregia, Saxifraga hookeri, Saxifraga pallida, Saxifraga radiata, Saxifraga callosa, Saxifraga umbrosa, Saxifraga hirsuta, Saxifraga parvula, Saxifraga humilis, Saxifraga caspica, Saxifraga duthiei, Saxifraga aphylla, Saxifraga italica, Saxifraga petraea, Saxifraga tenella, Saxifraga alberti, Saxifraga rosacea, Saxifraga caveana, Saxifraga corsica, Saxifraga georgei, Saxifraga gouldii, Saxifraga cinerea, Saxifraga iranica, Saxifraga irrigua, Saxifraga nanella, Saxifraga pontica, Saxifraga maweana, Saxifraga exarata, Saxifraga babiana, Saxifraga cuneata, Saxifraga biflora, Saxifraga montana, Saxifraga gyalana, Saxifraga rotundifolia, Saxifraga fragosoi, Saxifraga styriaca, Saxifraga kegangii, Saxifraga bryoides, Saxifraga derbekii, Saxifraga nishidae, Saxifraga taylorii, Saxifraga insolens, Saxifraga kingiana, Saxifraga flexuosa, Saxifraga aizoides, Saxifraga setigera, Saxifraga crustata, Saxifraga fragilis, Saxifraga glabella, Saxifraga strigosa, Saxifraga alpigena, Saxifraga discolor, Saxifraga felineri, Saxifraga aquatica, Saxifraga lilacina, Saxifraga paradoxa, Saxifraga cintrana, Saxifraga depressa, Saxifraga seguieri, Saxifraga taygetea, Saxifraga hariotii, Saxifraga maireana, Saxifraga aleutica, Saxifraga moschata, Saxifraga hervieri, Saxifraga sedoides, Saxifraga colchica, Saxifraga dinnikii, Saxifraga finitima, Saxifraga amabilis, Saxifraga brunonis, Saxifraga sendaica, Saxifraga kotschyi, Saxifraga aculeata, Saxifraga pilifera, Saxifraga sibirica, Saxifraga camposii, Saxifraga spruneri, Saxifraga conifera, Saxifraga fortunei, Saxifraga hirculus, Saxifraga scardica, Saxifraga tibetica, Saxifraga flaccida, Saxifraga erinacea, Saxifraga flexilis, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Saxifraga oreophila, Saxifraga epiphylla, Saxifraga uninervia, Saxifraga kruhsiana, Saxifraga afghanica, Saxifraga spinulosa, Saxifraga balfourii, Saxifraga gemmigera, Saxifraga gemmipara, Saxifraga isophylla, Saxifraga vayredana, Saxifraga intricata, Saxifraga bracteata, Saxifraga sanguinea, Saxifraga tangutica, Saxifraga cespitosa, Saxifraga cotyledon, Saxifraga caprariae, Saxifraga marginata, Saxifraga pratensis, Saxifraga osloensis, Saxifraga squarrosa, Saxifraga valdensis, Saxifraga glacialis, Saxifraga elliptica, Saxifraga vandellii, Saxifraga imbricata, Saxifraga carpatica, Saxifraga komarovii, Saxifraga biternata, Saxifraga latiflora, Saxifraga bulbifera, Saxifraga lingulata, Saxifraga carpetana, Saxifraga muscoides, Saxifraga nipponica, Saxifraga dichotoma, Saxifraga gemmulosa, Saxifraga genesiana, Saxifraga viscidula, Saxifraga wendelboi, Saxifraga funstonii, Saxifraga hederacea, Saxifraga atlantica, Saxifraga angustata, Saxifraga pubescens, Saxifraga facchinii, Saxifraga caucasica, Saxifraga contraria, Saxifraga rivularis, Saxifraga corymbosa, Saxifraga excellens, Saxifraga hypostoma, Saxifraga lowndesii, Saxifraga implicans, Saxifraga hispidula, Saxifraga kingdonii, Saxifraga lychnitis, Saxifraga ascoldica, Saxifraga rufescens, Saxifraga granulata, Saxifraga stribrnyi, Saxifraga bulleyana, Saxifraga cacuminum, Saxifraga culcitosa, Saxifraga diapensia, Saxifraga dielsiana, Saxifraga filifolia, Saxifraga forrestii, Saxifraga imparilis, Saxifraga microgyna, Saxifraga montanella, Saxifraga parkaensis, Saxifraga nathorstii, Saxifraga adscendens, Saxifraga yezhiensis, Saxifraga caulescens, Saxifraga brachypoda, Saxifraga vespertina, Saxifraga pulvinaria, Saxifraga punctulata, Saxifraga cochlearis, Saxifraga zhidoensis, Saxifraga cuneifolia, Saxifraga cymbalaria, Saxifraga florulenta, Saxifraga longifolia, Saxifraga nangqenica, Saxifraga acerifolia, Saxifraga paniculata, Saxifraga yushuensis, Saxifraga auriculata, Saxifraga pasumensis, Saxifraga aretioides, Saxifraga shennongii, Saxifraga banmaensis, Saxifraga burseriana, Saxifraga androsacea, Saxifraga bourgaeana, Saxifraga porophylla, Saxifraga stolitzkae, Saxifraga thessalica, Saxifraga sarmentosa, Saxifraga haenseleri, Saxifraga lantoscana, Saxifraga hyperborea, Saxifraga andersonii, Saxifraga nevadensis, Saxifraga willkommii, Saxifraga aristulata, Saxifraga aurantiaca, Saxifraga charadzeae, Saxifraga chrysantha, Saxifraga columnaris, Saxifraga coriifolia, Saxifraga desoulavyi, Saxifraga engleriana, Saxifraga filicaulis, Saxifraga macedonica, Saxifraga petrophila, Saxifraga macrocalyx, Saxifraga yuparensis, Saxifraga trabutiana, Saxifraga perpusilla, Saxifraga saginoides, Saxifraga scleropoda, Saxifraga sediformis, Saxifraga sibthorpii, Saxifraga signatella, Saxifraga erioblasta, Saxifraga carniolica, Saxifraga reuteriana, Saxifraga maderensis, Saxifraga trifurcata, Saxifraga veitchiana, Saxifraga dahaiensis, Saxifraga giraldiana, Saxifraga mengtzeana, Saxifraga rudolphiana, Saxifraga daqiaoensis, Saxifraga sphaeradena, Saxifraga anadyrensis, Saxifraga omolojensis, Saxifraga stelleriana, Saxifraga moncayensis, Saxifraga stolonifera, Saxifraga sinomontana, Saxifraga umbellulata, Saxifraga bronchialis, Saxifraga unguiculata, Saxifraga wallichiana, Saxifraga flagellaris, Saxifraga pedemontana, Saxifraga sempervivum, Saxifraga cinerascens, Saxifraga sikkimensis, Saxifraga catalaunica, Saxifraga cebennensis, Saxifraga microphylla, Saxifraga geranioides, Saxifraga platysepala, Saxifraga porsildiana, Saxifraga poluniniana, Saxifraga kumaunensis, Saxifraga sunhangiana, Saxifraga granulifera, Saxifraga heleonastes, Saxifraga hirculoides, Saxifraga kolenatiana, Saxifraga litangensis, Saxifraga magellanica, Saxifraga artvinensis, Saxifraga mucronulata, Saxifraga przewalskii, Saxifraga spathularis, Saxifraga arachnoidea, Saxifraga sieversiana, Saxifraga brevicaulis, Saxifraga globulifera, Saxifraga substrigosa, Saxifraga chumbiensis, Saxifraga bicuspidata, Saxifraga terektensis, Saxifraga candelabrum, Saxifraga chionophila, Saxifraga unguipetala, Saxifraga demnatensis, Saxifraga drabiformis, Saxifraga eglandulosa, Saxifraga korshinskyi, Saxifraga gedangensis, Saxifraga viridiflora, Saxifraga pardanthina, Saxifraga pseudosancta, Saxifraga vilmoriniana, Saxifraga tsarongensis, Saxifraga willkommiana, Saxifraga versicallosa, Saxifraga consanguinea, Saxifraga sessiliflora, Saxifraga peplidifolia, Saxifraga erectisepala, Saxifraga tricuspidata, Saxifraga glabricaulis, Saxifraga likiangensis, Saxifraga luoxiaoensis, unclassified Saxifraga, Saxifraga odontophylla, Saxifraga canaliculata, Saxifraga tombeanensis, Saxifraga x cadevallii, Saxifraga x jeanpertii, Saxifraga zimmermannii, Saxifraga viridipetala, Saxifraga praetermissa, Saxifraga bergenioides, Saxifraga x opdalensis, Saxifraga cortusifolia, Saxifraga heterotricha, Saxifraga diversifolia, Saxifraga luteoviridis, Saxifraga pseudolaevis, Saxifraga ruprechtiana, Saxifraga atuntsiensis, Saxifraga stella-aurea, Saxifraga brachyphylla, Saxifraga cardiophylla, Saxifraga wahlenbergii, Saxifraga corbariensis, Saxifraga densifoliata, Saxifraga kwangsiensis, Saxifraga glaucophylla, Saxifraga hypericoides, Saxifraga linearifolia, Saxifraga llonakhensis, Saxifraga tridactylites, Saxifraga taraktophylla, Saxifraga triaristulata, Saxifraga wenchuanensis, Saxifraga cherlerioides, Saxifraga dingqingensis, Saxifraga heucherifolia, Saxifraga nangxianensis, Saxifraga latepetiolata, Saxifraga hemisphaerica, Saxifraga diapensioides, Saxifraga presolanensis, Saxifraga eschscholtzii, Saxifraga serpyllifolia, Saxifraga continentalis, Saxifraga svalbardensis, Saxifraga yangshuoensis, Saxifraga matta-florida, Saxifraga moorcroftiana, Saxifraga parnassifolia, Saxifraga juniperifolia, Saxifraga pentadactylis, Saxifraga portosanctana, Saxifraga ciliatopetala, Saxifraga congestiflora, Saxifraga hengduanensis, Saxifraga punctulatoides, Saxifraga stellariifolia, Saxifraga tsangchanensis, Saxifraga rebunshirensis, Saxifraga pseudohirculus, Saxifraga tatsienluensis, Saxifraga montis-christi, Saxifraga diffusicallosa, Saxifraga omphalodifolia, Saxifraga jacquemontiana, Saxifraga chrysanthoides, Saxifraga dianxibeiensis, Saxifraga damingshanensis, Saxifraga subaequifoliata, Saxifraga subsessiliflora, Saxifraga haplophylloides, Saxifraga maxionggouensis, Saxifraga mucronulatoides, Saxifraga brunneopunctata, Saxifraga subverticillata, Saxifraga gonggashanensis, Saxifraga heterocladoides, Saxifraga federici-augusti, Saxifraga nigroglandulifera, Saxifraga macrostigmatoides, Saxifraga xiaozhongdianensis, Saxifraga ferdinandi-coburgi, Saxifraga yarlungzangboensis, Saxifraga cf. cotyledon Tkach 212, Saxifraga moschata x Saxifraga pubescens, Saxifraga cf. hirculoides Miehe 99-046-09, Saxifraga geranioides x Saxifraga moschata, Saxifraga diversifolia var. angustibracteata, Saxifraga pubescens subsp. iratiana x Saxifraga moschata, Saxifraga geranioides x Saxifraga pubescens subsp. iratiana
Protocatechuic acid
Protocatechuic acid, also known as protocatechuate or 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives. Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives are compounds containing a hydroxybenzoic acid (or a derivative), which is a benzene ring bearing a carboxyl and a hydroxyl groups. The enzyme protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase uses 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate and O2 to produce 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate. Protocatechuic acid is a drug. In the analogous hardening of the cockroach ootheca, the phenolic substance concerned is protocatechuic acid. Protocatechuic acid is a mild, balsamic, and phenolic tasting compound. Outside of the human body, protocatechuic acid is found, on average, in the highest concentration in a few different foods, such as garden onions, cocoa powders, and star anises and in a lower concentration in lentils, liquors, and red raspberries. Protocatechuic acid has also been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as cloud ear fungus, american pokeweeds, common mushrooms, fruits, and feijoa. This could make protocatechuic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. It is also found in Allium cepa (17,540 ppm). It is a major metabolite of antioxidant polyphenols found in green tea. Similarly, PCA was reported to increase proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of neural stem cells. In vitro testing documented antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of PCA, while liver protection in vivo was measured by chemical markers and histological assessment. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, also known as protocatechuic acid or 4-carboxy-1,2-dihydroxybenzene, belongs to hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives class of compounds. Those are compounds containing a hydroxybenzoic acid (or a derivative), which is a benzene ring bearing a carboxyl and a hydroxyl groups. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid is soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid can be synthesized from benzoic acid. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate, ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate, and 1-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)-beta-D-glucopyranose. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid is a mild, balsamic, and phenolic tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as white mustard, grape wine, abalone, and asian pear, which makes 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid can be found primarily in blood, feces, and urine, as well as in human fibroblasts and testes tissues. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a dihydroxybenzoic acid, a type of phenolic acid. It is a major metabolite of antioxidant polyphenols found in green tea. It has mixed effects on normal and cancer cells in in vitro and in vivo studies . 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid is a dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4. It has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite, a plant metabolite, an antineoplastic agent, an EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor and an EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor. It is a member of catechols and a dihydroxybenzoic acid. It is functionally related to a benzoic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate. 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a natural product found in Visnea mocanera, Amomum subulatum, and other organisms with data available. Protocatechuic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Black Cohosh (part of); Vaccinium myrtillus Leaf (part of); Menyanthes trifoliata leaf (part of) ... View More ... A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4. Protocatechuic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=99-50-3 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 99-50-3). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Protocatechuic acid is a phenolic compound which exhibits neuroprotective effect. Protocatechuic acid is a phenolic compound which exhibits neuroprotective effect.
Mesaconic acid
Mesaconic acid, also known as 2-methylfumarate or citronic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as methyl-branched fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an acyl chain that has a methyl branch. Usually, they are saturated and contain only one or more methyl group. However, branches other than methyl may be present. Mesaconic acid is a dicarboxylic butenoic acid, with a methyl group in position 2 and the double bound between carbons 2 and 3. Mesaconic acid was first studied for its physical properties in 1874 by Jacobus van ‘t Hoff (https://web.archive.org/web/20051117102410/http://dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/webdocs/Chem-History/Van\\%27t-Hoff-1874.html). It is now known to be involved in the biosynthesis of vitamin B12 and it is also a competitor inhibitor of the reduction of fumarate. Mesaconic acid is one of several isomeric carboxylic acids obtained from citric acid. Is used as a fire retardant, recent studies revealed this acid is a competitive inhibitor of fumarate reduction. [HMDB] Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. D003879 - Dermatologic Agents
Stearic acid
Stearic acid, also known as stearate or N-octadecanoic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Thus, stearic acid is considered to be a fatty acid lipid molecule. Stearic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Stearic acid can be synthesized from octadecane. Stearic acid is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, 3-oxooctadecanoic acid, (9S,10S)-10-hydroxy-9-(phosphonooxy)octadecanoic acid, and 16-methyloctadecanoic acid. Stearic acid can be found in a number of food items such as green bell pepper, common oregano, ucuhuba, and babassu palm, which makes stearic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Stearic acid can be found primarily in most biofluids, including urine, feces, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and sweat, as well as throughout most human tissues. Stearic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, stearic acid is involved in the plasmalogen synthesis. Stearic acid is also involved in mitochondrial beta-oxidation of long chain saturated fatty acids, which is a metabolic disorder. Moreover, stearic acid is found to be associated with schizophrenia. Stearic acid is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Stearic acid ( STEER-ik, stee-ARR-ik) is a saturated fatty acid with an 18-carbon chain and has the IUPAC name octadecanoic acid. It is a waxy solid and its chemical formula is C17H35CO2H. Its name comes from the Greek word στέαρ "stéar", which means tallow. The salts and esters of stearic acid are called stearates. As its ester, stearic acid is one of the most common saturated fatty acids found in nature following palmitic acid. The triglyceride derived from three molecules of stearic acid is called stearin . Stearic acid, also known as octadecanoic acid or C18:0, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Stearic acid (its ester is called stearate) is a saturated fatty acid that has 18 carbons and is therefore a very hydrophobic molecule that is practically insoluble in water. It exists as a waxy solid. In terms of its biosynthesis, stearic acid is produced from carbohydrates via the fatty acid synthesis machinery wherein acetyl-CoA contributes two-carbon building blocks, up to the 16-carbon palmitate, via the enzyme complex fatty acid synthase (FA synthase), at which point a fatty acid elongase is needed to further lengthen it. After synthesis, there are a variety of reactions it may undergo, including desaturation to oleate via stearoyl-CoA desaturase (PMID: 16477801). Stearic acid is found in all living organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. It is one of the useful types of saturated fatty acids that comes from many animal and vegetable fats and oils. For example, it is a component of cocoa butter and shea butter. It is used as a food additive, in cleaning and personal care products, and in lubricants. Its name comes from the Greek word stear, which means ‚Äòtallow‚Äô or ‚Äòhard fat‚Äô. Stearic acid is a long chain dietary saturated fatty acid which exists in many animal and vegetable fats and oils. Stearic acid is a long chain dietary saturated fatty acid which exists in many animal and vegetable fats and oils.
Caprylic acid
Caprylic acid is the common name for the eight-carbon straight-chain fatty acid known by the systematic name octanoic acid. It is found naturally in coconuts and breast milk. It is an oily liquid with a slightly unpleasant rancid taste that is minimally soluble in water. Caprylic acid is used commercially in the production of esters used in perfumery and also in the manufacture of dyes (Wikipedia). Caprylic acid can be found in numerous foods such as Prunus (Cherry, Plum), pineapple sages, black raspberries, and shallots. Caprylic acid is found to be associated with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, which is an inborn error of metabolism. Widespread in plant oils, free and as glyceridesand is also present in apple, banana, orange juice and peel, pineapple, cognac, calamus, blue cheeses, cheddar cheese, Swiss cheese, feta cheese and other cheeses. Flavouring agent, defoamer, lubricant, binder and antimicrobial preservative in cheese wraps KEIO_ID C037 Octanoic acid (Caprylic acid) is an oily liquid with a slightly unpleasant rancid taste and used commercially in the production of esters used in perfumery and also in the manufacture of dyes. Octanoic acid (Caprylic acid) is an oily liquid with a slightly unpleasant rancid taste and used commercially in the production of esters used in perfumery and also in the manufacture of dyes.
Caprate (10:0)
Capric acid, also known as decanoic acid is a C10 saturated fatty acid. It is a member of the series of fatty acids found in oils and animal fats. The names of caproic, caprylic, and capric acids are all derived from the word caper (Latin for goat). These fatty acids are light yellowish transparent oily liquids with a sweaty, unpleasant aroma that is reminiscent of goats. Capric acid is used in the manufacture of esters for artificial fruit flavors and perfumes. It is also used as an intermediate in chemical syntheses. Capric acid is used in organic synthesis and industrially in the manufacture of perfumes, lubricants, greases, rubber, dyes, plastics, food additives and pharmaceuticals. Capric acid occurs naturally in coconut oil (about 10\\\\\\%) and palm kernel oil (about 4\\\\\\%), otherwise it is uncommon in typical seed oils. It is found in the milk of various mammals and to a lesser extent in other animal fats. Capric acid, caproic acid (a C6:0 fatty acid) and caprylic acid (a C8:0 fatty acid) account for about 15\\\\\\% of the fatty acids in goat milk fat (PMID 16747831). Capric acid may be responsible for the mitochondrial proliferation associated with the ketogenic diet, which may occur via PPARgamma receptor agonism and the targeting of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis (PMIDL 24383952). Widespread in plant oils and as glycerides in seed oilsand is also present in apple, apricot, banana, morello cherry, citrus fruits, cheese, butter, white wine, Japanese whiskey, peated malt, wort and scallops. It is used as a defoamer, lubricant and citrus fruit coating. Salts (Na, K, Mg, Ca, Al) used as binders, emulsifiers and anticaking agents in food manuf. Decanoic acid is found in many foods, some of which are radish (variety), meatball, phyllo dough, and american shad. Decanoic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=334-48-5 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 334-48-5). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Decanoic acid, a component of medium chain triclycerides, is a brain-penetrant and non-competitive inhibitor of AMPA receptor. Decanoic acid has antiseizure effects[1][2][3]. Decanoic acid, a component of medium chain triclycerides, is a brain-penetrant and non-competitive inhibitor of AMPA receptor. Decanoic acid has antiseizure effects[1][2][3]. Decanoic acid, a component of medium chain triclycerides, is a brain-penetrant and non-competitive inhibitor of AMPA receptor. Decanoic acid has antiseizure effects[1][2][3].
Benzyl alcohol
Benzyl alcohol is a colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with Lidocaine injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutical aid, and in perfumery and flavoring. Benzyl Alcohol is an aromatic alcohol used in a wide variety of cosmetic formulations as a fragrance component, preservative, solvent, and viscosity-decreasing agent. Benzyl alcohol is metabolized to Benzoic Acid, which reacts with glycine and excreted as hippuric acid in the human body. Acceptable daily intakes were established by the World Health Organization at 5 mg/kg for Benzyl alcohol. No adverse effects of benzyl alcohol have been seen in chronic exposure animal studies using rats and mice. Effects of Benzyl Alcohol in chronic exposure animal studies are limited to reduced feed intake and reduced growth. Some differences have been noted in one reproductive toxicity study using mice, but these were limited to lower maternal body weights and decreased mean litter weights. Another study also noted that fetal weight was decreased compared to controls, but a third study showed no differences between control and benzyl alcohol-treated groups. Benzyl alcohol has been associated with an increased number of resorptions and malformations in hamsters, but there have been no reproductive or developmental toxicity findings in studies using mice and rats. Genotoxicity tests for benzyl alcohol are mostly negative, but there were some assays that were positive. Carcinogenicity studies, however, were negative. Clinical data indicates that benzyl alcohol can produce nonimmunologic contact urticaria and nonimmunologic immediate contact reactions, characterized by the appearance of wheals, erythema, and pruritis. 5\\\\% benzyl alcohol can elicit a reaction. Benzyl alcohol is not a sensitizer at 10\\\\%. Benzyl alcohol could be used safely at concentrations up to 5\\\\%, but that manufacturers should consider the nonimmunologic phenomena when using benzyl alcohol in cosmetic formulations designed for infants and children. Additionally, Benzyl alcohol is considered safe up to 10\\\\% for use in hair dyes. The limited body exposure, the duration of use, and the frequency of use are considered in concluding that the nonimmunologic reactions would not be a concern. Because of the wide variety of product types in which benzyl alcohol may be used, it is likely that inhalation may be a route of exposure. The available safety tests are not considered sufficient to support the safety of benzyl alcohol in formulations where inhalation is a route of exposure. Inhalation toxicity data are needed to complete the safety assessment of benzyl alcohol where inhalation can occur. (PMID:11766131). Constituent of jasmine and other ethereal oils, both free and as estersand is also present in cherry, orange juice, mandarin peel oil, guava fruit, feijoa fruit, pineapple, leek, cinnamon, cloves, mustard, fermented tea, basil and red sage. Flavouring ingredient P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P03 - Ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides, insecticides and repellents > P03A - Ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D000777 - Anesthetics D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C28394 - Topical Anti-Infective Agent COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Benzyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol, a colorless liquid with a mild aromatic odor. Benzyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol, a colorless liquid with a mild aromatic odor.
Guaijaverin
Guaijaverin is a urease inhibitor with an IC50 of 120 μM. Guaijaverin shows antioxidant and anti-Streptococcus mutans activities[1][2][3]. Guaijaverin is a urease inhibitor with an IC50 of 120 μM. Guaijaverin shows antioxidant and anti-Streptococcus mutans activities[1][2][3]. Reynoutrin (Quercetin-3-D-xyloside) is a flavonoid from Psidium cattleianum, with antioxidant and radical-scavenging activity[1]. Reynoutrin (Quercetin-3-D-xyloside) is a flavonoid from Psidium cattleianum, with antioxidant and radical-scavenging activity[1].
C10:0
D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents Decanoic acid, a component of medium chain triclycerides, is a brain-penetrant and non-competitive inhibitor of AMPA receptor. Decanoic acid has antiseizure effects[1][2][3]. Decanoic acid, a component of medium chain triclycerides, is a brain-penetrant and non-competitive inhibitor of AMPA receptor. Decanoic acid has antiseizure effects[1][2][3]. Decanoic acid, a component of medium chain triclycerides, is a brain-penetrant and non-competitive inhibitor of AMPA receptor. Decanoic acid has antiseizure effects[1][2][3].
Guaijaverin
Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Guaijaverin is a natural product found in Eucalyptus cypellocarpa, Hypericum scabrum, and other organisms with data available. Guaijaverin is a urease inhibitor with an IC50 of 120 μM. Guaijaverin shows antioxidant and anti-Streptococcus mutans activities[1][2][3]. Guaijaverin is a urease inhibitor with an IC50 of 120 μM. Guaijaverin shows antioxidant and anti-Streptococcus mutans activities[1][2][3].
Mesaconic acid
A dicarboxylic acid consisting of fumaric acid having a methyl substituent at the 2-position. D003879 - Dermatologic Agents
benzyl alcohol
Benzyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol, a colorless liquid with a mild aromatic odor. Benzyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol, a colorless liquid with a mild aromatic odor.
Decanoic acid
Decanoic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=334-48-5 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 334-48-5). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Decanoic acid, a component of medium chain triclycerides, is a brain-penetrant and non-competitive inhibitor of AMPA receptor. Decanoic acid has antiseizure effects[1][2][3]. Decanoic acid, a component of medium chain triclycerides, is a brain-penetrant and non-competitive inhibitor of AMPA receptor. Decanoic acid has antiseizure effects[1][2][3]. Decanoic acid, a component of medium chain triclycerides, is a brain-penetrant and non-competitive inhibitor of AMPA receptor. Decanoic acid has antiseizure effects[1][2][3].
stearic acid
Stearic acid is a long chain dietary saturated fatty acid which exists in many animal and vegetable fats and oils. Stearic acid is a long chain dietary saturated fatty acid which exists in many animal and vegetable fats and oils.
Caprylic acid
Octanoic acid (Caprylic acid) is an oily liquid with a slightly unpleasant rancid taste and used commercially in the production of esters used in perfumery and also in the manufacture of dyes. Octanoic acid (Caprylic acid) is an oily liquid with a slightly unpleasant rancid taste and used commercially in the production of esters used in perfumery and also in the manufacture of dyes.
Capric acid
D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents A C10, straight-chain saturated fatty acid. Decanoic acid, a component of medium chain triclycerides, is a brain-penetrant and non-competitive inhibitor of AMPA receptor. Decanoic acid has antiseizure effects[1][2][3]. Decanoic acid, a component of medium chain triclycerides, is a brain-penetrant and non-competitive inhibitor of AMPA receptor. Decanoic acid has antiseizure effects[1][2][3]. Decanoic acid, a component of medium chain triclycerides, is a brain-penetrant and non-competitive inhibitor of AMPA receptor. Decanoic acid has antiseizure effects[1][2][3].
Octadecanoic acid
A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics.