Chemical Formula: C5H10O2
Chemical Formula C5H10O2
Found 111 metabolite its formula value is C5H10O2
Valerate
Valeric acid, or pentanoic acid, is a straight chain alkyl carboxylic acid with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)3COOH. Like other low molecular weight carboxylic acids, it has a very unpleasant odor. Valeric acid is commonly found in human feces, with an average concentration of 2.4 umol/g feces (range of 0.6-3.8 umol/g) (PMID:6740214). Valeric acid is produced by the gut microbiota, typically Clostridia species and other gut bacterial species such as Megasphaera massiliensis MRx0029 (PMID:30052654) via the condensation of ethanol with propionic acid (PMID:18116989). Valeric acid is largely considered as a gut microbial metabolite. Recently, valeric acid has been found to exert strong gut protective effects. Studies involving mice that received high doses of radiation showed that valeric acid replenishment (via oral gavage) elevated the survival rate of irradiated mice, protected hematogenic organs (such as the thymus and spleen), improved gastrointestinal (GI) tract function and enhanced intestinal epithelial integrity (PMID:31931652 ). Valeric acid was also found to restore the enteric bacteria taxonomic proportions and reprogram the small intestinal protein profile to normal levels. Valeric acid, like butyric acid, also appears to be a potent histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. High levels of HDAC proteins have been implicated in a variety of disease pathologies, from cancer and colitis to cardiovascular disease and neurodegeneration (PMID:30052654). Valeric acid is also found in certain plants, specifically in the perennial flowering plant valerian (Valeriana officinalis), from which it gets its name. Industrially valeric acid is primarily used is in the synthesis of its esters. Volatile esters of valeric acid tend to have pleasant odors and are used in perfumes and cosmetics. Ethyl valerate and pentyl valerate are used as food additives because of their fruity flavours. Hydrolysis of these valerate-containing food additives in the gut can also lead to the appearance of valerate in blood, urine and stool samples. Minor constituent of biological systems e.g. yeast fat, some plant oilsand is also present in blue cheeses, wines, apple, banana, morello cherry, cooked shrimp, scallop, roasted peanut, roasted filberts and other foodstuffs. Flavouring agent. Pentanoic acid is found in many foods, some of which are red raspberry, pepper (c. frutescens), tea, and fats and oils. KEIO_ID V002
Isovaleric acid
Isovaleric acid, is a natural fatty acid found in a wide variety of plants and essential oils. Isovaleric acid is clear colorless liquid that is sparingly soluble in water, but well soluble in most common organic solvents. It has been suggested that isovaleric acid from pilot whales, a species frequently consumed in the Faroe Islands, may be the unusual dietary factor in prolonged gestation in the population of the Faroe Islands. Previous studies suggested that was due to the high intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids has been, but fatty acid data for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexanoic acid (DHA) in blood lipids of Faroese and Norwegians was reviewed in terms of the type of fish eaten (mostly lean white fish with DHA much greater than EPA); the popular lean fish, thus, probably provides too little EPA to produce a marked effect on human biochemistry (PMID 2646392). Isovaleric acid is found to be associated with isovaleric acidemia, which is an inborn error of metabolism. Flavouring agent. Simple esters are used in flavourings. Constituent of hops, cheese etc.; an important component of cheese aroma and flavour CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 152 KEIO_ID I018 Isovaleric acid is a natural fatty acid and known to effect on neonatal death and possible Jamaican vomiting sickness in human. Isovaleric acid is a natural fatty acid and known to effect on neonatal death and possible Jamaican vomiting sickness in human.
Ethylmethylacetic acid
Ethylmethylacetic acid, also known as alpha-methyl butyric acid or a-methyl butyrate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as methyl-branched fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an acyl chain that has a methyl branch. Usually, they are saturated and contain only one or more methyl group. However, branches other than methyl may be present. Ethylmethylacetic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Ethylmethylacetic acid is a carboxylic acid found in low amounts in normal humans (PMID 3372640)
Butyl formate
Butyl formate is a formate ester resulting from the formal condensation of formic acid with the hydroxy group of butan-1-ol. It has been found in apples, strawberries, sherry and Pamesan cheese, and it has a fruity, plum-like odour and taste. It has a role as a polar aprotic solvent, a flavouring agent and a fragrance. It derives from a butan-1-ol. Butyl formate, also known as butyl methanoate or fema 2916, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carboxylic acid esters. These are carboxylic acid derivatives in which the carbon atom from the carbonyl group is attached to an alkyl or an aryl moiety through an oxygen atom (forming an ester group). Butyl formate has been detected, but not quantified, in blackcurrants and pineapples. Flavouring agent. Butyl formate is found in pineapple and blackcurrant.
3-Hydroxy-2-pentanone
(±)-3-Hydroxy-2-pentanone is found in milk and milk products. (±)-3-Hydroxy-2-pentanone is a flavouring agent. (±)-3-Hydroxy-2-pentanone is present in yoghurt. 3-Hydroxy-2-pentanone is a secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone. 3-Hydroxy-2-pentanone is a natural product found in Allium cepa with data available. It is used as a food additive .
Tetrahydro-2-furanmethanol
xi-Tetrahydro-2-furanmethanol is found in fermented soya hydrolysate (shoyu). It is used as a food additive .
Propyl acetate
Propyl acetate, also known as 1-acetoxypropane or propyl ethanoate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carboxylic acid esters. These are carboxylic acid derivatives in which the carbon atom from the carbonyl group is attached to an alkyl or an aryl moiety through an oxygen atom (forming an ester group). It is formed by the esterification of acetic acid and 1-propanol (known as a condensation reaction), often via Fischer–Speier esterification, with sulfuric acid as a catalyst and water produced as a byproduct. This clear, colorless liquid is known by its characteristic odor of pears. Propyl acetate is a drug. Propyl acetate is a bitter, celery, and fruity tasting compound. It has been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as muskmelons, figs, apples, pineapples, and cocoa beans. Due to this fact, it is commonly used in fragrances and as a flavor additive. Propyl acetate has been found to be associated with the diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; also propyl acetate has been linked to the inborn metabolic disorders including celiac disease. Flavouring agent. Propyl acetate is found in many foods, some of which are fig, apple, papaya, and cocoa bean.
2-Methylpropyl formate
2-Methylpropyl formate is found in alcoholic beverages. 2-Methylpropyl formate is found in brandy, rum, beer, and vinegar. 2-Methylpropyl formate is used in fruit flavourin Found in brandy, rum, beer, and vinegar. It is used in fruit flavouring.
Methyl butyrate
Methyl butyrate belongs to the class of organic compounds known as organic acid methyl esters. Organic acid methyl esters are compounds containing an organic acid that is esterified with a methyl group. They have the general structure RC(=O)OR, where R= aliphatic tail or organyl group and R=methyl group. Methyl butyrate is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Found in many fruits, e.g. apple juice, apricot, blackberry, nectarine etc., also present in cheeses, butter, milk, white wine, coffee and black tea. Flavouring ingredient
Ethyl propionate
Ethyl propanoate, also known as fema 2456, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carboxylic acid esters. These are carboxylic acid derivatives in which the carbon atom from the carbonyl group is attached to an alkyl or an aryl moiety through an oxygen atom, forming an ester group. Ethyl propanoate exists as a solid. It is very hydrophobic, practically insoluble in water, and a relatively neutral molecule. Ethyl propanoate exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Ethyl propanoate has been found to be associated with several known diseases as autism, irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; also ethyl propanoate has been linked to the inborn metabolic disorders including celiac disease. As a volatile organic compound, ethyl propionate has been identified as a fecal biomarker of Clostridium difficile infection (PMID:30986230). It is used in fruity and rum flavour compositions. Ethyl propionate is found in many foods, some of which are apple, fig, black elderberry, and olive.
Isopropyl acetate
Isopropyl acetate is found in alcoholic beverages. Isopropyl acetate is isolated from ripening melons, apples, bananas, blackcurrants, other fruits and grape oil. Also present in cheddar cheese, soybean, beer, red wine, white wine and plum brandy. Isopropyl acetate is a flavouring ingredient Isopropyl acetate is a solvent with a wide variety of manufacturing uses that is miscible with most other organic solvents, and moderately soluble in water. It is used as a solvent for cellulose, plastics, oil and fats. It is a component of some printing inks and perfumes. Isopropyl acetate is an ester, an organic compound which is the product of condensation of acetic acid and isopropanol. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic fruity odor Isolated from ripening melons, apples, bananas, blackcurrants, other fruits and grape oiland is also present in cheddar cheese, soybean, beer, red wine, white wine and plum brandy. Flavouring ingredient
Methyl isobutyrate
Methyl isobutyrate, also known as fema 2694, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as methyl esters. These are organic compounds containing a carboxyl group that is esterified with a methyl group. They have the general structure RC(=O)OR, where R=H or organyl group and R=methyl group. Methyl isobutyrate is an organic compound with the formula CH3O2CCH(CH3)2. Methyl isobutyrate is an apple, floral, and flower tasting compound. methyl isobutyrate has been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as fruits, herbs and spices, pineapples, pomes, and potato. This could make methyl isobutyrate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Found in various fruits, e.g. apple, banana, kumquat peel, wild blueberry, strawberryand is also present in French fried potato, dill herb and Russian champagnes. Flavouring agent.
2,4-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane
2,4-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane is used as a food additive [EAFUS] ("EAFUS: Everything Added to Food in the United States. [http://www.eafus.com/]")
(S)-2-Methylbutanoic acid
(S)-2-Methylbutanoic acid is found in fats and oils. (S)-2-Methylbutanoic acid is isolated from many essential oils and other biol. sources. Isolated from many essential oils and other biol. sources. (S)-2-Methylbutanoic acid is found in fats and oils.
Tetrahydro-2-methyl-3-furanol
Tetrahydro-2-methyl-3-furanol is found in nuts. Tetrahydro-2-methyl-3-furanol is a constituent of roasted peanut volatiles and cooked meat aroma model systems. Constituent of roasted peanut volatiles and cooked meat aroma model systems. Tetrahydro-2-methyl-3-furanol is found in nuts.
Pivalic acid
Pivalic acid is a carboxylic acid with a molecular formula of (CH3)3CCO2H. This colourless, odiferous organic compound is solid at room temperature. Relative to esters of most carboxylic acids, esters of pivalic acid are unusually resistant to hydrolysis. Some applications result from this thermal stability. Polymers derived from pivalate esters of vinyl alcohol are highly reflective lacquers. The pivaloyl (abbreviated piv or pv) group is a protective group for alcohols in organic synthesis.
1-Hydroxy-2-pentanone
1-hydroxy-2-pentanone belongs to the family of Alpha Ketoaldehydes. These are organic compounds containing an aldehyde substituted with a keto group on the adjacent carbon.
ISOVALERIC ACID
A C5, branched-chain saturated fatty acid. Isovaleric acid is a natural fatty acid and known to effect on neonatal death and possible Jamaican vomiting sickness in human. Isovaleric acid is a natural fatty acid and known to effect on neonatal death and possible Jamaican vomiting sickness in human.
Pivalic acid
A branched, short-chain fatty acid composed of propanoic acid having two methyl substituents at the 2-position.
METHYL ISOBUTYRATE
The fatty acid methyl ester of isobutyric acid.
(S)-2-methylbutyric acid
The (S)-enantiomer of 2-methylbutanoic acid.
Propyl acetate
An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of acetic acid with propanol.
Poloxamer
D013501 - Surface-Active Agents > D011092 - Polyethylene Glycols D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002400 - Cathartics D001697 - Biomedical and Dental Materials D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents D004202 - Disinfectants
LS-2386
Isovaleric acid is a natural fatty acid and known to effect on neonatal death and possible Jamaican vomiting sickness in human. Isovaleric acid is a natural fatty acid and known to effect on neonatal death and possible Jamaican vomiting sickness in human.
2-Methylbutyric acid
A methylbutyric acid comprising a butyric acid core carrying a 2-methyl substituent. Produced from amino acid leucine during nutrient starvation in bacteria.
5-hydroxypentan-2-one
A methyl ketone that is pentan-2-one carrying a hydroxy group at position 5.