Subcellular Location: Parasitophorous vacuole
Found 61 associated metabolites.
1 associated genes.
VTN
1,4-Dimethyl-7-ethylazulene
Chamazulene is a sesquiterpenoid. Chamazulene is a natural product found in Artemisia macrocephala, Otanthus maritimus, and other organisms with data available. See also: Chamomile (part of); Chamaemelum nobile flower (part of). Isol. as artifact from various sesquiterpene oils, e.g. from Achillea and Artemisia subspecies 1,4-Dimethyl-7-ethylazulene is found in roman camomile, german camomile, and anise. 1,4-Dimethyl-7-ethylazulene is found in anise. 1,4-Dimethyl-7-ethylazulene is isolated as artifact from various sesquiterpene oils, e.g. from Achillea and Artemisia species.
(-)-3-Isothujone
(-)-3-Isothujone is found in alcoholic beverages. Ingredient of absinthe. Presence in food and beverages regulated by legislation.Thujone is a ketone and a monoterpene that occurs naturally in two diastereomeric forms: (-)-alpha-thujone and (+)-beta-thujone. It has a menthol odor. In addition to (-)-alpha-thujone and (+)-beta-thujone, there are their enantiomeric forms, (+)-alpha-thujone and (-)-beta-thujone. (Wikipedia (-)-alpha-thujone is the (1S,4R,5R)-stereoisomer of alpha-thujone. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-alpha-thujone. alpha-Thujone is a natural product found in Xylopia sericea, Rhododendron mucronulatum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Artemisia absinthium whole (part of). A thujane monoterpenoid that is thujane substituted by an oxo group at position 3. Ingredient of absinthe. Presence in food and beverages regulated by legislation α-Thujone is a monoterpene isolated from Thuja occidentalis essential oil with potent anti-tumor activities. α-Thujone is a reversible modulator of the GABA type A receptor and the IC50 for α-Thujone is 21 μM in suppressing the GABA-induced currents. α-Thujone induces ROS accumulation-dependent cytotoxicity, also induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. α-Thujone has antinociceptive, insecticidal, and anthelmintic activity, and easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier[1][2][3]. α-Thujone is a monoterpene isolated from Thuja occidentalis essential oil with potent anti-tumor activities. α-Thujone is a reversible modulator of the GABA type A receptor and the IC50 for α-Thujone is 21 μM in suppressing the GABA-induced currents. α-Thujone induces ROS accumulation-dependent cytotoxicity, also induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. α-Thujone has antinociceptive, insecticidal, and anthelmintic activity, and easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier[1][2][3]. α-Thujone is a monoterpene isolated from Thuja occidentalis essential oil with potent anti-tumor activities. α-Thujone is a reversible modulator of the GABA type A receptor and the IC50 for α-Thujone is 21 μM in suppressing the GABA-induced currents. α-Thujone induces ROS accumulation-dependent cytotoxicity, also induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. α-Thujone has antinociceptive, insecticidal, and anthelmintic activity, and easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier[1][2][3].
2-Phenylglycine
2-Phenylglycine, also known as a-amino-a-toluate or L-PHG amino acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon). Outside of the human body, 2-Phenylglycine has been detected, but not quantified in cow milk. This could make 2-phenylglycine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. 2-Phenylglycine is a metabolite described in normal human urine (PMID 14473597) and plasma (PMID 5888801). 2-Phenylglycine is a metabolite described in normal human urine (PMID 14473597) and plasma (PMID 5888801) [HMDB]
Aminocaproic acid
Aminocaproic acid (marketed as Amicar) is a drug used to treat bleeding disorders. It is an antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties. It is a derivative of the amino acid lysine. It binds reversibly to the kringle domain of plasminogen and blocks the binding of plasminogen to fibrin and its activation to plasmin. [HMDB] Aminocaproic acid (marketed as Amicar) is a drug used to treat bleeding disorders. It is an antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties. It is a derivative of the amino acid lysine. It binds reversibly to the kringle domain of plasminogen and blocks the binding of plasminogen to fibrin and its activation to plasmin. B - Blood and blood forming organs > B02 - Antihemorrhagics > B02A - Antifibrinolytics > B02AA - Amino acids Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D003029 - Coagulants > D006490 - Hemostatics C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C78311 - Hemostatic Agent D050299 - Fibrin Modulating Agents > D000933 - Antifibrinolytic Agents IPB_RECORD: 266; CONFIDENCE confident structure KEIO_ID A053 6-Aminocaproic acid (EACA), a monoamino carboxylic acid, is a potent and orally active inhibitor of plasmin and plasminogen. 6-Aminocaproic acid is a potent antifibrinolytic agent. 6-Aminocaproic acid prevents clot lysis through the competitive binding of lysine residues on plasminogen, inhibiting plasmin formation and reducing fibrinolysis. 6-Aminocaproic acid can be used for the research of bleeding disorders[1][2].
Angiotensin IV
Angiotensin IV is one of the N-terminal angiotensin degradation products of angiotensin II. Angiotensin IV (AngIV) mediates important physiologic functions in the central nervous system, including blood flow regulation, processes underlying to learning and memory, and presents anticonvulsant activity. The presence of AngIV-specific binding sites has been identified in various mammalian tissues, including blood vessels, heart, kidney, and brain. Besides the presence of AngIV binding sites in the cardiovascular system, the major AngIV synthesizing enzymes aminopeptidase N (APN) and aminopeptidase B (APB) are also expressed in different cell types of this system. AngIV activates several protein kinases, including phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase, PI-dependent kinase-1, extracellular signal-related kinases (ERK), protein kinase B-α/Akt, and p70 ribosomal S6 kinase. AngIV could contribute to vascular damage, increasing the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, the main chemokine involved in monocyte recruitment, and up-regulates the expression of the adhesion molecule intercellular adhesion molecule-1 that is involved in the attachment and transmigration of circulating cells into the damaged tissue. (PMID: 17210474) [HMDB] Angiotensin IV is one of the N-terminal angiotensin degradation products of angiotensin II. Angiotensin IV (AngIV) mediates important physiologic functions in the central nervous system, including blood flow regulation, processes underlying to learning and memory, and presents anticonvulsant activity. The presence of AngIV-specific binding sites has been identified in various mammalian tissues, including blood vessels, heart, kidney, and brain. Besides the presence of AngIV binding sites in the cardiovascular system, the major AngIV synthesizing enzymes aminopeptidase N (APN) and aminopeptidase B (APB) are also expressed in different cell types of this system. AngIV activates several protein kinases, including phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase, PI-dependent kinase-1, extracellular signal-related kinases (ERK), protein kinase B-α/Akt, and p70 ribosomal S6 kinase. AngIV could contribute to vascular damage, increasing the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, the main chemokine involved in monocyte recruitment, and up-regulates the expression of the adhesion molecule intercellular adhesion molecule-1 that is involved in the attachment and transmigration of circulating cells into the damaged tissue. (PMID: 17210474). D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Purpurin
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 760; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4870; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4868 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 760; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4852; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4850 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 760; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4850; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4849 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 760; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4850; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4848 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 760; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4861; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4860 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 760; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4843; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4841 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 8372 D004396 - Coloring Agents Purpurin is a natural anthraquinone compound from Rubia cordifolia L.. Purpurin has antidepressant-like effects[1]. Purpurin is a natural anthraquinone compound from Rubia cordifolia L.. Purpurin has antidepressant-like effects[1].
Itaconic acid
Itaconic acid is a dicarboxylic acid that is methacrylic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a carboxylic acid group. It has a role as a fungal metabolite and a human metabolite. It is a dicarboxylic acid and an olefinic compound. It derives from a succinic acid. It is a conjugate acid of an itaconate(2-). This dicarboxylic acid is a white solid that is soluble in water, ethanol, and acetone. Historically, itaconic acid was obtained by the distillation of citric acid, but currently it is produced by fermentation. The name itaconic acid was devised as an anagram of aconitic acid, another derivative of citric acid. Itaconic acid, also known as itaconate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as branched fatty acids. These are fatty acids containing a branched chain. Itaconic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Since the 1960s, it is produced industrially by the fermentation of carbohydrates such as glucose or molasses using fungi such as Aspergillus itaconicus or Aspergillus terreus. For A. terreus the itaconate pathway is mostly elucidated. The generally accepted route for itaconate is via glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and a decarboxylation of cis-aconitate to itaconate via cis-aconitate-decarboxylase. The smut fungus Ustilago maydis uses an alternative route. Cis-aconitate is converted to the thermodynamically favoured trans-aconitate via aconitate-Δ-isomerase (Adi1). trans-Aconitate is further decarboxylated to itaconate by trans-aconitate-decarboxylase (Tad1). Itaconic acid is also produced in cells of macrophage lineage. It was shown that itaconate is a covalent inhibitor of the enzyme isocitrate lyase in vitro. As such, itaconate may possess antibacterial activities against bacteria expressing isocitrate lyase (such as Salmonella enterica and Mycobacterium tuberculosis). It is also sythesized in the laboratory, where dry distillation of citric acid affords itaconic anhydride, which undergoes hydrolysis to itaconic acid. Itaconic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=97-65-4 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 97-65-4). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Itaconic acid, a precursor of polymers, chemicals, and fuels, can be synthesized by many fungi. Itaconic acid also is a macrophage-specific metabolite. Itaconic acid mediates crosstalk between macrophage metabolism and peritoneal tumors[1][2].
N-Glycolylneuraminic acid
N-Glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) is a widely expressed sialic acid found in most mammalian cells. Although humans are genetically deficient in producing Neu5Gc, small amounts are present in human cells and biofluids. Humans cannot synthesize Neu5Gc because the human gene CMAH is irreversibly mutated, though it is found in apes. This loss of the CMAH gene was estimated to have occurred two to three million years ago, just before the emergence of the genus Homo. A dietary origin of Neu5Gc was suggested by human volunteer studies. These trace amounts of Neu5Gc were determined to come from the consumption of animals in the human diet (i.e. red meats such as lamb, pork, and beef). Neu5Gc can also be found in dairy products, but to a lesser extent. Neu5Gc is not found in poultry and is found in only trace amounts in fish (Wikipedia). Isolated from beef serum KEIO_ID G062
Phenylethylmalonamide
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2499
4,4'-Methylenedianiline
4,4’-Methylenedianiline (MDA) is an industrial chemical that is produced and used industrially as a precursor to polyamides, epoxy resins, and polyurethane foams (PMID: 20621954). It is a primary aromatic amine, belonging to the family of compounds known as Diphenylmethanes. Diphenylmethanes are compounds consisting of methane with two of the hydrogen atoms replaced by phenyl groups. MDA is used mainly as a precursor to 4,4 ́-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), which is a precursor to many polyurethane foams. To generate MDI, which is a highly reactive isocyanate, MDA is treated with phosgene. Workers exposed to MDI may develop sensitization, leading to occupational asthma. MDI is metabolized in the body and secreted in the urine as MDA, Therefore MDA is a urinary biomarker of MDI exposure. On its own, MDA is a known animal carcinogen, and human hepatotoxin. MDA produces genotoxic effects by forming DNA adducts in the liver and inducing DNA damage to hepatocytes (PMID: 32038824). The Occupational Safety and Health Administration has set a permissible exposure limit at 0.01 ppm over an eight-hour time-weighted average, and a short-term exposure limit at 0.10 ppm. D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens
Cyclizine
Cyclizine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a histamine H1 antagonist given by mouth or parenterally for the control of postoperative and drug-induced vomiting and in motion sickness. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p935)Vomiting (emesis) is essentially a protective mechanism for removing irritant or otherwise harmful substances from the upper GI tract. Emesis or vomiting is controlled by the vomiting centre in the medulla region of the brain, an important part of which is the chemotrigger zone (CTZ). The vomiting centre possesses neurons which are rich in muscarinic cholinergic and histamine containing synapses. These types of neurons are especially involved in transmission from the vestibular apparatus to the vomiting centre. Motion sickness principally involves overstimulation of these pathways due to various sensory stimuli. Hence the action of cyclizine which acts to block the histamine receptors in the vomiting centre and thus reduce activity along these pathways. Furthermore since cyclizine possesses anti-cholinergic properties as well, the muscarinic receptors are similarly blocked. R - Respiratory system > R06 - Antihistamines for systemic use > R06A - Antihistamines for systemic use > R06AE - Piperazine derivatives CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1; HBM4EU - science and policy for a healthy future (https://www.hbm4eu.eu) CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); HBM4EU - science and policy for a healthy future (https://www.hbm4eu.eu) D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018494 - Histamine Agents > D006633 - Histamine Antagonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C267 - Antiemetic Agent D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D000932 - Antiemetics D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents
nystatin
A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species. G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G01 - Gynecological antiinfectives and antiseptics > G01A - Antiinfectives and antiseptics, excl. combinations with corticosteroids > G01AA - Antibiotics A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A07 - Antidiarrheals, intestinal antiinflammatory/antiinfective agents > A07A - Intestinal antiinfectives > A07AA - Antibiotics D - Dermatologicals > D01 - Antifungals for dermatological use > D01A - Antifungals for topical use > D01AA - Antibiotics D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C514 - Antifungal Agent D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators D007476 - Ionophores A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptococcus species. The keto-form of nystatin A1. CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3140
Acrylic acid
Polyacrylic acid, sodium salt is used as a food additive [EAFUS] ("EAFUS: Everything Added to Food in the United States. [http://www.eafus.com/]") Monomer component of packaging materials for food. Acrylic acid is found in pineapple. D001697 - Biomedical and Dental Materials > D014014 - Tissue Adhesives KEIO_ID A041
Cerivastatin
C - Cardiovascular system > C10 - Lipid modifying agents > C10A - Lipid modifying agents, plain > C10AA - Hmg coa reductase inhibitors D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents > D000924 - Anticholesteremic Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019161 - Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29703 - Antilipidemic Agent C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1655 - HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites
12-HETE
12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (CAS: 71030-37-0), also known as 12-HETE, is an eicosanoid, a 5-lipoxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid. 5-Lipoxygenase (LO)-derived leukotrienes are involved in inflammatory glomerular injury. LO product 12-HETE is associated with the pathogenesis of hypertension and may mediate angiotensin II and TGFbeta induced mesangial cell abnormality in diabetic nephropathy. 12-HETE is markedly elevated in the psoriatic lesions. 12-HETE is a vasoconstrictor eicosanoid that contributes to high blood pressure in (renovascular) hypertension and pregnancy-induced hypertension. A significant percentage of patients suffering from a selective increase in plasma LDL cholesterol (type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia) exhibits increased platelet reactivity. This includes enhanced platelet responsiveness against a variety of platelet-stimulating agents ex vivo and enhanced arachidonic acid metabolism associated with increased generation of arachidonic acid metabolites such as 12-HETE, and secretion of platelet-storage products (PMID: 7562532, 12480795, 17361113, 8498970, 1333255, 2119633). 12-HETE is a highly selective ligand used to label mu-opioid receptors in both membranes and tissue sections. The 12-S-HETE analog has been reported to augment tumour cell metastatic potential through activation of protein kinase C. 12-HETE has a diversity of biological actions and is generated by a number of tissues including the renal glomerulus and the vasculature. 12-HETE is one of the six monohydroxy fatty acids produced by the non-enzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid. 12-HETE is a neuromodulator that is synthesized during ischemia. Its neuronal effects include attenuation of calcium influx and glutamate release as well as inhibition of AMPA receptor (AMPA-R) activation. 12-HETE is found to be associated with peroxisomal biogenesis defect and Zellweger syndrome, which are inborn errors of metabolism.
3-HODE + 9-HODE
13-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HODE) (CAS: 18104-45-5), also known as 13(S)-hydroxy-9Z,11E-octadecadienoic acid or 13(S)-HODE, is the major lipoxygenation product synthesized in the body from linoleic acid. 13-HODE prevents cell adhesion to endothelial cells and can inhibit cancer metastasis. 13-HODE synthesis is enhanced by cyclic AMP. gamma-Linolenic acid, a desaturated metabolite of linoleic acid, causes substantial stimulation of 13-HODE synthesis. A fall in gamma-linolenic acid synthesis with age may be related to the age-related fall in 13-HODE formation (PMID: 9561154). 13-HODE is considered an intermediate in linoleic acid metabolism. It is generated from 13(S)-HPODE via the enzyme lipoxygenase (EC 1.13.11.12). 13-HODE has been shown to be involved in cell proliferation and differentiation in a number of systems. 13-HODE is found to be produced by prostate tumours and cell lines and researchers believe that there is a link between linoleic acid metabolism and the development or progression of prostate cancer (PMID: 9367845).
Aminomethylphosphonic acid
Aminomethylphosphonic acid, also known as AMPA, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as organic phosphonic acids. These are organic compounds containing phosphonic acid. Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on Aminomethylphosphonic acid. (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid is a member of the class of phosphonic acids that is phosphonic acid substituted by an aminomethyl group. It is a metabolite of the herbicide glyphosate. It is a one-carbon compound and a member of phosphonic acids. It is functionally related to a phosphonic acid. It is a conjugate acid of an (aminomethyl)phosphonate(1-). (Aminomethyl)phosphonic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=1066-51-9 (retrieved 2024-10-30) (CAS RN: 1066-51-9). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Neomycin
A component of neomycin that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). Neomycin is a bactericidal aminoglycoside antibiotic that binds to the 30S ribosome of susceptible organisms. Binding interferes with mRNA binding and acceptor tRNA sites and results in the production of non-functional or toxic peptides. A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A01 - Stomatological preparations > A01A - Stomatological preparations > A01AB - Antiinfectives and antiseptics for local oral treatment A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A07 - Antidiarrheals, intestinal antiinflammatory/antiinfective agents > A07A - Intestinal antiinfectives > A07AA - Antibiotics B - Blood and blood forming organs > B05 - Blood substitutes and perfusion solutions > B05C - Irrigating solutions > B05CA - Antiinfectives D - Dermatologicals > D09 - Medicated dressings > D09A - Medicated dressings > D09AA - Medicated dressings with antiinfectives D - Dermatologicals > D06 - Antibiotics and chemotherapeutics for dermatological use > D06A - Antibiotics for topical use S - Sensory organs > S03 - Ophthalmological and otological preparations > S03A - Antiinfectives > S03AA - Antiinfectives R - Respiratory system > R01 - Nasal preparations > R01A - Decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01G - Aminoglycoside antibacterials R - Respiratory system > R02 - Throat preparations > R02A - Throat preparations > R02AB - Antibiotics S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01A - Antiinfectives > S01AA - Antibiotics S - Sensory organs > S02 - Otologicals > S02A - Antiinfectives > S02AA - Antiinfectives C784 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitor > C2363 - Aminoglycoside Antibiotic D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011500 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic KEIO_ID N022
Tirofiban
Tirofiban prevents the blood from clotting during episodes of chest pain or a heart attack, or while the patient is undergoing a procedure to treat a blocked coronary artery. It is a non-peptide reversible antagonist of the platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor, and inhibits platelet aggregation. B - Blood and blood forming organs > B01 - Antithrombotic agents > B01A - Antithrombotic agents > B01AC - Platelet aggregation inhibitors excl. heparin COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C1327 - Antiplatelet Agent D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D010975 - Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D005343 - Fibrinolytic Agents D050299 - Fibrin Modulating Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Swainsonine
Swainsonine is an indolizidine alkaloid isolated from the plant Swainsona canescens with three hydroxy substituents at positions 1, 2 and 8. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an immunological adjuvant, an EC 3.2.1.114 (mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,3-1,6-alpha-mannosidase) inhibitor and a plant metabolite. An indolizidine alkaloid from the plant Swainsona canescens that is a potent alpha-mannosidase inhibitor. Swainsonine also exhibits antimetastatic, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory activity. Swainsonine is a natural product found in Slafractonia leguminicola, Astragalus whitneyi, and other organisms with data available. Swainsonine is a plant toxin found in locoweed (families Fabaceae, Oxytropis, Astragalus and Swainsona) and some fungi (Metarhizium anisopliae, Rizoctonia leguminicola). It has been known to cause a potentially lethal central nervous system condition in livestock known as locoism and is a significant cause of economic losses in livestock industries. Along with slaframine, the other biologially active compound of R. leguminicola, it may contribute to a condition called "slobbers syndrome" in livestock that has ingested contaminated feed. (L1248, A3092) An indolizidine alkaloid from the plant Swainsona canescens that is a potent alpha-mannosidase inhibitor. Swainsonine also exhibits antimetastatic, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory activity. An indolizidine alkaloid isolated from the plant Swainsona canescens with three hydroxy substituents at positions 1, 2 and 8. C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C129820 - Antineoplastic Immunomodulating Agent > C2117 - Carbohydrate Processing Inhibitor C26170 - Protective Agent > C2459 - Chemoprotective Agent > C2080 - Cytoprotective Agent C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C2119 - Golgi Alpha-Mannosidase II Inhibitor C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C2196 - Antimetastatic Agent D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents D007155 - Immunologic Factors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors
N-Methylformamide
N-Methylformamide (NMF) is one of the two major urinary biomarkers of exposure to N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), a compound widely used in industries because of its extensive miscibility with water and solvents. Metabolism of NMF results in the formation of N-methylcarbamoyl adducts at the N-terminal valine and lysine in blood protein globin. (PMID: 17254560, 17254560, 16289959) [HMDB] N-Methylformamide (NMF) is one of the two major urinary biomarkers of exposure to N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), a compound widely used in industries because of its extensive miscibility with water and solvents. Metabolism of NMF results in the formation of N-methylcarbamoyl adducts at the N-terminal valine and lysine in blood protein globin. (PMID: 17254560, 17254560, 16289959). C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C2122 - Cell Differentiating Agent > C1934 - Differentiation Inducer C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C798 - Radiosensitizing Agent D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents
alpha-Terpineol acetate
alpha-Terpineol acetate, also known as a-terpineol acetic acid or p-menth-1-en-8-yl acetate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as menthane monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenoids with a structure based on the o-, m-, or p-menthane backbone. P-menthane consists of the cyclohexane ring with a methyl group and a (2-methyl)-propyl group at the 1 and 4 ring position, respectively. The o- and m- menthanes are much rarer, and presumably arise by alkyl migration of p-menthanes. alpha-Terpineol acetate is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. α-Terpinyl acetate is a monoterpene ester isolated from Laurus nobilis L. essential oil. α-Terpinyl acetate is a competitive P450 2B6 substrate which binding to the active site of P450 2B6 with a Kd value of 5.4?μM[1][2]. α-Terpinyl acetate is a monoterpene ester isolated from Laurus nobilis L. essential oil. α-Terpinyl acetate is a competitive P450 2B6 substrate which binding to the active site of P450 2B6 with a Kd value of 5.4?μM[1][2].
Pyricarbate
C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29703 - Antilipidemic Agent D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites Same as: D01396
Kelnac
A diterpenoid that is geranylgeraniol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 18. C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29701 - Anti-ulcer Agent D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D000897 - Anti-Ulcer Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents Same as: D01803
Paxilline
Paxilline is an indole diterpene alkaloid with formula C27H33NO4 isolated from Penicillium paxilli. It is a potent inhibitor of large conductance Ca2(+)- and voltage-activated K(+) (BK)-type channels. It has a role as a mycotoxin, a Penicillium metabolite, an anticonvulsant, an Aspergillus metabolite, a potassium channel blocker, a genotoxin, a geroprotector and an EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor. It is an organic heterohexacyclic compound, a tertiary alcohol, a terpenoid indole alkaloid, an enone and a diterpene alkaloid. Paxilline is a natural product found in Penicillium thiersii, Aspergillus foveolatus, and other organisms with data available. Tremorgenic agent from Penicillium paxilli, Acremonium lorii, Emericella foveolata, Emericella desertorum and Emericella striata Paxilline is a potassium channel blocker. Paxilline is a toxic, tremorgenic indole alkaloid produced by Penicillium paxilli An indole diterpene alkaloid with formula C27H33NO4 isolated from Penicillium paxilli. It is a potent inhibitor of large conductance Ca2(+)- and voltage-activated K(+) (BK)-type channels. Tremorgenic agent from Penicillium paxilli, Acremonium lorii, Emericella foveolata, Emericella desertorum and Emericella striata D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D026902 - Potassium Channel Blockers D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators Paxilline is an indole alkaloid mycotoxin from Penicillium paxilli, acts as a potent BK channels inhibitor by an almost exclusively closed-channel block mechanism. Paxilline also inhibits the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) with IC50s between 5 μM and 50 μM for differing isoforms. Paxilline possesses significant anticonvulsant activity[1][2][3].
Promegestone
G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03D - Progestogens > G03DB - Pregnadien derivatives Same as: D08431
cryptophycin
C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C273 - Antimitotic Agent
Guanidine
Guanidine apparently acts by enhancing the release of acetylcholine following a nerve impulse. It also appears to slow the rates of depolarization and repolarization of muscle cell membranes.; Guanidine is a crystalline compound of strong alkalinity formed by the oxidation of guanine. It is used in the manufacture of plastics and explosives. It is found in urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. The molecule was first synthesized in 1861 by the oxidative degradation of an aromatic natural product, guanine, isolated from Peruvian guano. Despite the provocative simplicity of the molecule, the crystal structure was first described 148 years later.; Guanidine is a polyamine that can function as a strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. With a pKa of 12.5, guanidine is protonated, with a charge of +1 in physiological conditions. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed). Guanidine is a crystalline compound of strong alkalinity formed by the oxidation of guanine. It is used in the manufacture of plastics and explosives. -- Wikipedia; Guanidines are a group of organic compounds sharing a common functional group with the general structure (R1R2N)(R3R4N)C=N-R5. The central bond within this group is that of an imine; the other recognizable motif within this group is an aminal. Examples of guanidines are arginine, triazabicyclodecene and saxitoxin. other derivatives could include guanidine hydroxide, the active ingredient in some non-lye relaxers. Guanidinium salts are well known for their denaturing action on proteins. Guanidinium chloride is one of the most effective denaturants. In 6 M GndHCl all proteins with an ordered structure lose their structure, and most of them become randomly coiled, that is, they do not contain any residual structure. Guanidine is a polyamine that can function as a strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. With a pKa of 12.5, guanidine is protonated, with a charge of +1 in physiological conditions. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It has been identified as a uremic toxin according to the European Uremic Toxin Working Group (PMID: 22626821). Guanidine is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed). Guanidine is a crystalline compound of strong alkalinity formed by the oxidation of guanine. It is used in the manufacture of plastics and explosives. -- Wikipedia.
Methyl methacrylate
Methyl methacrylate is an enoate ester compound having methacrylic acid as the carboxylic acid component and methanol as the alcohol component. (ChEBI An enoate ester compound having methacrylic acid as the carboxylic acid component and methanol as the alcohol component. (ChEBI)
1,2,4-Trihydroxyanthraquinone
Purpurin is a trihydroxyanthraquinone derived from anthracene by substitution with oxo groups at C-9 and C-10 and with hydroxy groups at C-1, C-2 and C-4. It has a role as a biological pigment, a histological dye and a plant metabolite. Purpurin is a natural product found in Rubia argyi, Cinchona calisaya, and other organisms with data available. See also: Rubia tinctorum root (part of). A trihydroxyanthraquinone derived from anthracene by substitution with oxo groups at C-9 and C-10 and with hydroxy groups at C-1, C-2 and C-4. D004396 - Coloring Agents Purpurin is a natural anthraquinone compound from Rubia cordifolia L.. Purpurin has antidepressant-like effects[1]. Purpurin is a natural anthraquinone compound from Rubia cordifolia L.. Purpurin has antidepressant-like effects[1].
NeuNGc
NeuNGc, also known as N-Glycolylneuraminic acid or Neu5GC, is classified as a member of the N-acylneuraminic acids. N-acylneuraminic acids are neuraminic acids carrying an N-acyl substituent. NeuNGc is considered to be soluble (in water) and acidic
Nystatin A1
cryptophycin
Ppack
Thujone
α-Thujone is a monoterpene isolated from Thuja occidentalis essential oil with potent anti-tumor activities. α-Thujone is a reversible modulator of the GABA type A receptor and the IC50 for α-Thujone is 21 μM in suppressing the GABA-induced currents. α-Thujone induces ROS accumulation-dependent cytotoxicity, also induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. α-Thujone has antinociceptive, insecticidal, and anthelmintic activity, and easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier[1][2][3]. α-Thujone is a monoterpene isolated from Thuja occidentalis essential oil with potent anti-tumor activities. α-Thujone is a reversible modulator of the GABA type A receptor and the IC50 for α-Thujone is 21 μM in suppressing the GABA-induced currents. α-Thujone induces ROS accumulation-dependent cytotoxicity, also induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. α-Thujone has antinociceptive, insecticidal, and anthelmintic activity, and easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier[1][2][3]. α-Thujone is a monoterpene isolated from Thuja occidentalis essential oil with potent anti-tumor activities. α-Thujone is a reversible modulator of the GABA type A receptor and the IC50 for α-Thujone is 21 μM in suppressing the GABA-induced currents. α-Thujone induces ROS accumulation-dependent cytotoxicity, also induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. α-Thujone has antinociceptive, insecticidal, and anthelmintic activity, and easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier[1][2][3].
alpha-Terpineol acetate
alpha-Terpineol acetate, also known as a-terpineol acetic acid or p-menth-1-en-8-yl acetate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as menthane monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenoids with a structure based on the o-, m-, or p-menthane backbone. P-menthane consists of the cyclohexane ring with a methyl group and a (2-methyl)-propyl group at the 1 and 4 ring position, respectively. The o- and m- menthanes are much rarer, and presumably arise by alkyl migration of p-menthanes. alpha-Terpineol acetate is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Alpha-Terpinyl acetate is a p-menthane monoterpenoid. alpha-Terpinyl acetate is a natural product found in Xylopia sericea, Elettaria cardamomum, and other organisms with data available. Terpinyl acetate is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. α-Terpinyl acetate is a monoterpene ester isolated from Laurus nobilis L. essential oil. α-Terpinyl acetate is a competitive P450 2B6 substrate which binding to the active site of P450 2B6 with a Kd value of 5.4?μM[1][2]. α-Terpinyl acetate is a monoterpene ester isolated from Laurus nobilis L. essential oil. α-Terpinyl acetate is a competitive P450 2B6 substrate which binding to the active site of P450 2B6 with a Kd value of 5.4?μM[1][2].
Itaconic acid
A dicarboxylic acid that is methacrylic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a carboxylic acid group. Itaconic acid, a precursor of polymers, chemicals, and fuels, can be synthesized by many fungi. Itaconic acid also is a macrophage-specific metabolite. Itaconic acid mediates crosstalk between macrophage metabolism and peritoneal tumors[1][2].
Aminocaproic acid
B - Blood and blood forming organs > B02 - Antihemorrhagics > B02A - Antifibrinolytics > B02AA - Amino acids D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D003029 - Coagulants > D006490 - Hemostatics C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C78311 - Hemostatic Agent D050299 - Fibrin Modulating Agents > D000933 - Antifibrinolytic Agents 6-Aminocaproic acid (EACA), a monoamino carboxylic acid, is a potent and orally active inhibitor of plasmin and plasminogen. 6-Aminocaproic acid is a potent antifibrinolytic agent. 6-Aminocaproic acid prevents clot lysis through the competitive binding of lysine residues on plasminogen, inhibiting plasmin formation and reducing fibrinolysis. 6-Aminocaproic acid can be used for the research of bleeding disorders[1][2].
Purpurin
D004396 - Coloring Agents Origin: Plant, Organic chemicals, Polycyclic compounds, Anthracenes Purpurin is a natural anthraquinone compound from Rubia cordifolia L.. Purpurin has antidepressant-like effects[1]. Purpurin is a natural anthraquinone compound from Rubia cordifolia L.. Purpurin has antidepressant-like effects[1].
CYCLIZINE
R - Respiratory system > R06 - Antihistamines for systemic use > R06A - Antihistamines for systemic use > R06AE - Piperazine derivatives D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018494 - Histamine Agents > D006633 - Histamine Antagonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C267 - Antiemetic Agent D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D000932 - Antiemetics D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); HBM4EU - science and policy for a healthy future (https://www.hbm4eu.eu); Flow Injection Flow Injection; CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); HBM4EU - science and policy for a healthy future (https://www.hbm4eu.eu) CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); HBM4EU - science and policy for a healthy future (https://www.hbm4eu.eu)
ACRYLIC ACID
A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is ethene substituted by a carboxy group. D001697 - Biomedical and Dental Materials > D014014 - Tissue Adhesives It is used as a food additive .
12-Hete
A HETE that is icosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 12. It is a metabolite of arachidonic acid. A HETE having a (12S)-hydroxy group and (5Z)-, (8Z)-, (10E)- and (14Z)-double bonds.
Angiotensin IV
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Pyricarbate
C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29703 - Antilipidemic Agent D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites Same as: D01396
Tirofiban
B - Blood and blood forming organs > B01 - Antithrombotic agents > B01A - Antithrombotic agents > B01AC - Platelet aggregation inhibitors excl. heparin COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C1327 - Antiplatelet Agent D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D010975 - Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D005343 - Fibrinolytic Agents D050299 - Fibrin Modulating Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
13(S)-HODE
An HODE (hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid) in which the double bonds are at positions 9 and 11 (E and Z geometry, respectively) and the hydroxy group is at position 13 (with S-configuration).
N-METHYLFORMAMIDE
C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C2122 - Cell Differentiating Agent > C1934 - Differentiation Inducer C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C798 - Radiosensitizing Agent D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents
