NCBI Taxonomy: 3609
Rhamnus (ncbi_taxid: 3609)
found 34 associated metabolites at genus taxonomy rank level.
Ancestor: Rhamneae
Child Taxonomies: Rhamnus rosei, Rhamnus aurea, Rhamnus cathartica, Rhamnus utilis, Rhamnus arguta, Rhamnus crocea, Rhamnus staddo, Rhamnus persica, Rhamnus virgata, Rhamnus diffusa, Rhamnus kurdica, Rhamnus costata, Rhamnus iranica, Rhamnus papuana, Rhamnus pendula, Rhamnus globosa, Rhamnus wightii, Rhamnus pompana, Rhamnus crenata, Rhamnus bungeana, Rhamnus gilgiana, Rhamnus grubovii, Rhamnus oleoides, Rhamnus pallasii, Rhamnus rugulosa, Rhamnus wilsonii, Rhamnus disperma, Rhamnus hirtella, Rhamnus punctata, Rhamnus rhodopea, Rhamnus taquetii, Rhamnus yoshinoi, Rhamnus japonica, Rhamnus davurica, Rhamnus purpurea, Rhamnus triquetra, Rhamnus bodinieri, Rhamnus dumetorum, Rhamnus formosana, Rhamnus nigricans, Rhamnus prostrata, Rhamnus songorica, Rhamnus tangutica, Rhamnus tinctoria, Rhamnus lojaconoi, Rhamnus calcicola, Rhamnus sagorskii, Rhamnus alaternus, Rhamnus crenulata, Rhamnus prinoides, Rhamnus nakaharae, Rhamnus saxatilis, Rhamnus lycioides, Rhamnus parvifolia, Rhamnus brachypoda, Rhamnus hupehensis, Rhamnus microcarpa, Rhamnus rosthornii, Rhamnus flavescens, Rhamnus hemsleyana, Rhamnus procumbens, Rhamnus libanotica, Rhamnus palaestina, Rhamnus pulogensis, Rhamnus koraiensis, Rhamnus subapetala, Rhamnus prunifolia, Rhamnus orbiculata, Rhamnus schneideri, Rhamnus esquirolii, Rhamnus glandulosa, Rhamnus napalensis, Rhamnus standleyana, Rhamnus wumingensis, Rhamnus pentapomica, Rhamnus diamantiaca, Rhamnus liukiuensis, Rhamnus sargentiana, Rhamnus xizangensis, Rhamnus heldreichii, Rhamnus kanagusukii, Rhamnus ussuriensis, Rhamnus coriophylla, Rhamnus grandiflora, Rhamnus fulvotincta, Rhamnus hainanensis, Rhamnus leptacantha, Rhamnus leptophylla, unclassified Rhamnus, Rhamnus iteinophylla, Rhamnus lamprophylla, Rhamnus erythroxylon, Rhamnus x intermedia, Rhamnus erythroxylum, Rhamnus chugokuensis, Rhamnus heterophylla, Rhamnus integrifolia, Rhamnus biglandulosa, Rhamnus persicifolia, Rhamnus sphaerosperma, Rhamnus pilushanensis, Rhamnus spathulifolia, Rhamnus chingshuiensis, Rhamnus maximovicziana, Rhamnus erythroxyloides, Rhamnus cf. staddo QZ-2022, Rhamnus ludovici-salvatoris, Rhamnus cathartica x Rhamnus saxatilis
Protocatechuic acid
Protocatechuic acid, also known as protocatechuate or 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives. Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives are compounds containing a hydroxybenzoic acid (or a derivative), which is a benzene ring bearing a carboxyl and a hydroxyl groups. The enzyme protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase uses 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate and O2 to produce 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate. Protocatechuic acid is a drug. In the analogous hardening of the cockroach ootheca, the phenolic substance concerned is protocatechuic acid. Protocatechuic acid is a mild, balsamic, and phenolic tasting compound. Outside of the human body, protocatechuic acid is found, on average, in the highest concentration in a few different foods, such as garden onions, cocoa powders, and star anises and in a lower concentration in lentils, liquors, and red raspberries. Protocatechuic acid has also been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as cloud ear fungus, american pokeweeds, common mushrooms, fruits, and feijoa. This could make protocatechuic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. It is also found in Allium cepa (17,540 ppm). It is a major metabolite of antioxidant polyphenols found in green tea. Similarly, PCA was reported to increase proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of neural stem cells. In vitro testing documented antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of PCA, while liver protection in vivo was measured by chemical markers and histological assessment. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, also known as protocatechuic acid or 4-carboxy-1,2-dihydroxybenzene, belongs to hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives class of compounds. Those are compounds containing a hydroxybenzoic acid (or a derivative), which is a benzene ring bearing a carboxyl and a hydroxyl groups. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid is soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid can be synthesized from benzoic acid. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate, ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate, and 1-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)-beta-D-glucopyranose. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid is a mild, balsamic, and phenolic tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as white mustard, grape wine, abalone, and asian pear, which makes 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid can be found primarily in blood, feces, and urine, as well as in human fibroblasts and testes tissues. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a dihydroxybenzoic acid, a type of phenolic acid. It is a major metabolite of antioxidant polyphenols found in green tea. It has mixed effects on normal and cancer cells in in vitro and in vivo studies . 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid is a dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4. It has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite, a plant metabolite, an antineoplastic agent, an EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor and an EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor. It is a member of catechols and a dihydroxybenzoic acid. It is functionally related to a benzoic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate. 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a natural product found in Visnea mocanera, Amomum subulatum, and other organisms with data available. Protocatechuic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Black Cohosh (part of); Vaccinium myrtillus Leaf (part of); Menyanthes trifoliata leaf (part of) ... View More ... A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4. Protocatechuic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=99-50-3 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 99-50-3). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Protocatechuic acid is a phenolic compound which exhibits neuroprotective effect. Protocatechuic acid is a phenolic compound which exhibits neuroprotective effect.
Rutin
Rutin is a flavonoid known to have a variety of biological activities including antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and anticarcinogenic properties. A large number of flavonoids, mostly O-glycosides, are polyphenolic compounds of natural origin that are present in most fruits and vegetables. The average intake of the compounds by humans on a normal diet is more than 1 g per day. Although flavonoids are devoid of classical nutritional value, they are increasingly viewed as beneficial dietary components that act as potential protectors against human diseases such as coronary heart disease, cancers, and inflammatory bowel disease. Rutin acts as a quercetin deliverer to the large intestine; moreover, quercetin is extensively metabolized in the large intestine, which suggests that quercetin liberated from rutin and/or its colonic metabolites may play a role. Rutins anti-inflammatory actions are mediated through a molecular mechanism that underlies the quercetin-mediated therapeutic effects: quercetin-mediated inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) activation. TNF-alpha-induced NFkB activity plays a central role in the production of pro-inflammatory mediators involved in progression of gut inflammation. (PMID:16132362). Rutin is a rutinoside that is quercetin with the hydroxy group at position C-3 substituted with glucose and rhamnose sugar groups. It has a role as a metabolite and an antioxidant. It is a disaccharide derivative, a quercetin O-glucoside, a tetrahydroxyflavone and a rutinoside. A flavonol glycoside found in many plants, including buckwheat; tobacco; forsythia; hydrangea; viola, etc. It has been used therapeutically to decrease capillary fragility. Rutin is a natural product found in Ficus virens, Visnea mocanera, and other organisms with data available. A flavonol glycoside found in many plants, including BUCKWHEAT; TOBACCO; FORSYTHIA; HYDRANGEA; VIOLA, etc. It has been used therapeutically to decrease capillary fragility. See also: Quercetin (related); Ginkgo (part of); Chamomile (part of) ... View More ... First isolated from Ruta graveolens (rue). Bioflavanoid. Quercetin 3-rutinoside is found in many foods, some of which are tea, bilberry, common oregano, and lemon grass. A rutinoside that is quercetin with the hydroxy group at position C-3 substituted with glucose and rhamnose sugar groups. C - Cardiovascular system > C05 - Vasoprotectives > C05C - Capillary stabilizing agents > C05CA - Bioflavonoids IPB_RECORD: 541; CONFIDENCE confident structure [Raw Data] CBA04_Rutin_neg_50eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA04_Rutin_pos_50eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA04_Rutin_neg_40eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA04_Rutin_pos_10eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA04_Rutin_neg_20eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA04_Rutin_neg_10eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA04_Rutin_neg_30eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA04_Rutin_pos_40eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA04_Rutin_pos_30eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA04_Rutin_pos_20eV.txt Rutin (Rutoside) is a flavonoid found in many plants and shows a wide range of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, neuroprotective, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective and reducing Aβ oligomer activities. Rutin can cross the blood brain barrier. Rutin attenuates vancomycin-induced renal tubular cell apoptosis via suppression of apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress[1][2][3]. Rutin (Rutoside) is a flavonoid found in many plants and shows a wide range of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, neuroprotective, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective and reducing Aβ oligomer activities. Rutin can cross the blood brain barrier. Rutin attenuates vancomycin-induced renal tubular cell apoptosis via suppression of apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress[1][2][3].
Nepodin
Nepodin is a member of naphthols. Nepodin is a natural product found in Rumex dentatus, Rumex alpinus, and other organisms with data available. Nepodin (Musizin) is a quinone oxidoreductase (PfNDH2) inhibitor isolate from Rumex crispus[1].Nepodin (Musizin) stimulates the translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane by activation of AMPK[2].Nepodin (Musizin) has antidiabetic and antimalarial activities. Nepodin (Musizin) is a quinone oxidoreductase (PfNDH2) inhibitor isolate from Rumex crispus[1].Nepodin (Musizin) stimulates the translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane by activation of AMPK[2].Nepodin (Musizin) has antidiabetic and antimalarial activities. Nepodin (Musizin) is a quinone oxidoreductase (PfNDH2) inhibitor isolate from Rumex crispus[1].Nepodin (Musizin) stimulates the translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane by activation of AMPK[2].Nepodin (Musizin) has antidiabetic and antimalarial activities.
Quercimeritrin
C21H20O12 (464.09547200000003)
Quercimeritrin, isolated from the leaves of Ixeridium dentatum, exhibits significant amylase activity[1]. Quercimeritrin, isolated from the leaves of Ixeridium dentatum, exhibits significant amylase activity[1].
Guaijaverin
Guaijaverin is a urease inhibitor with an IC50 of 120 μM. Guaijaverin shows antioxidant and anti-Streptococcus mutans activities[1][2][3]. Guaijaverin is a urease inhibitor with an IC50 of 120 μM. Guaijaverin shows antioxidant and anti-Streptococcus mutans activities[1][2][3]. Reynoutrin (Quercetin-3-D-xyloside) is a flavonoid from Psidium cattleianum, with antioxidant and radical-scavenging activity[1]. Reynoutrin (Quercetin-3-D-xyloside) is a flavonoid from Psidium cattleianum, with antioxidant and radical-scavenging activity[1].
Guaijaverin
Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Guaijaverin is a natural product found in Eucalyptus cypellocarpa, Hypericum scabrum, and other organisms with data available. Guaijaverin is a urease inhibitor with an IC50 of 120 μM. Guaijaverin shows antioxidant and anti-Streptococcus mutans activities[1][2][3]. Guaijaverin is a urease inhibitor with an IC50 of 120 μM. Guaijaverin shows antioxidant and anti-Streptococcus mutans activities[1][2][3].
Quercimeritrin
C21H20O12 (464.09547200000003)
Quercetin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside is a quercetin O-glucoside in which a glucosyl residue is attached at position 7 of quercetin via a beta-glycosidic linkage. It has a role as an antioxidant and a metabolite. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a monosaccharide derivative, a member of flavonols, a tetrahydroxyflavone and a quercetin O-glucoside. Quercimeritrin is a natural product found in Salix atrocinerea, Dendroviguiera sphaerocephala, and other organisms with data available. See also: Chamomile (part of). Quercimeritrin, isolated from the leaves of Ixeridium dentatum, exhibits significant amylase activity[1]. Quercimeritrin, isolated from the leaves of Ixeridium dentatum, exhibits significant amylase activity[1].
physcion
Physcion, also known as emodin monomethyl ether or parienin, is a member of the class of compounds known as anthraquinones. Anthraquinones are organic compounds containing either anthracene-9,10-quinone, 1,4-anthraquinone, or 1,2-anthraquinone. Physcion is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Physcion can be synthesized from 2-methylanthraquinone. Physcion can also be synthesized into torososide B and physcion 8-gentiobioside. Physcion can be found in common sage, garden rhubarb, and sorrel, which makes physcion a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Physcion has also been shown to protect lichens against UV-B light, at high altitudes in Alpine regions. The UV-B light stimulates production of parietin and the parietin protects the lichens from damage. Lichens in arctic regions such as Svarlbard retain this capability though they do not encounter damaging levels of UV-B, a capability that could help protect the lichens in case of Ozone layer thinning .
2-(3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzopyran-4-one
(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-6-({[(2s,3r,4r,5s,6s)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4-{[(2r,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol
3-{[3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy}-1,8-dihydroxy-6-methylanthracene-9,10-dione
3-(acetyloxy)-2-[(4,5-dihydroxy-7-methyl-10-oxo-9h-anthracen-2-yl)oxy]-5-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-4-yl acetate
C25H26O10 (486.15258960000006)
3-{[(2r,3s,4r,5s,6s)-6-({[(2s,3s,4s,5r,6r)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4-{[(2r,3s,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy}-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxychromen-4-one
1-hydroxy-3-methyl-8-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-({[(2s,3r,4s,5r)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}anthracene-9,10-dione
3-({6-[({3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy]oxan-2-yl}oxy)methyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl}oxy)-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methoxychromen-4-one
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-{[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-({[(2r,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}chromen-4-one
2-(4-{[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-6-({[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6s)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4-{[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy}phenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxychromen-4-one
2-[4-({6-[({3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy]oxan-2-yl}oxy)methyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl}oxy)phenyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-7-methoxychromen-4-one
(2r)-2-(dimethylamino)-n-[(2s)-1-[(3s,7s,13s,16z)-14-hydroxy-19-methoxy-8-oxo-2-oxa-6,9,15-triazatetracyclo[16.3.1.0³,⁷.0⁹,¹³]docosa-1(21),14,16,18(22),19-pentaen-6-yl]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]-3-methylpentanimidic acid
3-{[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-6-({[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyl-5-{[(2s,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy}-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methoxychromen-4-one
1-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methyl-8-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-({[(2s,3r,4s,5r)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}anthracene-9,10-dione
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-{[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-({[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}chromen-4-one
5-(acetyloxy)-2-[(4,5-dihydroxy-7-methyl-9,10-dioxoanthracen-2-yl)oxy]-4-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-3-yl acetate
C25H24O11 (500.13185539999995)
2-(4-{[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-{[(2s,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}-6-({[(2r,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}phenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxychromen-4-one
1-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methyl-8-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-({[(2s,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}anthracene-9,10-dione
2-methoxy-6-sulfanyl-4-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-{2-methoxy-4-[(3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxan-2-yl)methoxy]phenoxy}oxan-2-yl)methoxy]phenyl methyl carbonate
C28H36O17S (676.1673126000001)
(2r)-2-(dimethylamino)-n-[(2s)-1-[(3s,7s,13s,16z)-14-hydroxy-19-methoxy-8-oxo-2-oxa-6,9,15-triazatetracyclo[16.3.1.0³,⁷.0⁹,¹³]docosa-1(21),14,16,18(22),19-pentaen-6-yl]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]-3-methylpentanimidic acid
C33H49N5O6 (611.3682653999999)