NCBI Taxonomy: 2014984

Sucrose

C12H22O11 (342.1162062)

Sucrose is a nonreducing disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose linked via their anomeric carbons. It is obtained commercially from sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), and other plants and used extensively as a food and a sweetener. Sucrose is derived by crushing and extracting sugarcane with water or by extracting sugar beet with water, evaporating, and purifying with lime, carbon, and various liquids. Sucrose is also obtainable from sorghum. Sucrose occurs in low percentages in honey and maple syrup. Sucrose is used as a sweetener in foods and soft drinks, in the manufacture of syrups, in invert sugar, confectionery, preserves and jams, demulcent, pharmaceutical products, and caramel. Sucrose is also a chemical intermediate for detergents, emulsifying agents, and other sucrose derivatives. Sucrose is widespread in the seeds, leaves, fruits, flowers, and roots of plants, where it functions as an energy store for metabolism and as a carbon source for biosynthesis. The annual world production of sucrose is in excess of 90 million tons mainly from the juice of sugar cane (20\\\%) and sugar beet (17\\\%). In addition to its use as a sweetener, sucrose is used in food products as a preservative, antioxidant, moisture control agent, stabilizer, and thickening agent. BioTransformer predicts that sucrose is a product of 6-O-sinapoyl sucrose metabolism via a hydrolysis-of-carboxylic-acid-ester-pattern1 reaction occurring in human gut microbiota and catalyzed by the liver carboxylesterase 1 (P23141) enzyme (PMID: 30612223). Sucrose appears as white odorless crystalline or powdery solid. Denser than water. Sucrose is a glycosyl glycoside formed by glucose and fructose units joined by an acetal oxygen bridge from hemiacetal of glucose to the hemiketal of the fructose. It has a role as an osmolyte, a sweetening agent, a human metabolite, an algal metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. A nonreducing disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose linked via their anomeric carbons. It is obtained commercially from sugarcane, sugar beet (beta vulgaris), and other plants and used extensively as a food and a sweetener. Sucrose is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Sucrose is a natural product found in Haplophyllum ramosissimum, Cyperus esculentus, and other organisms with data available. Sucrose is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A nonreducing disaccharide composed of GLUCOSE and FRUCTOSE linked via their anomeric carbons. It is obtained commercially from SUGARCANE, sugar beet (BETA VULGARIS), and other plants and used extensively as a food and a sweetener. See also: Anise; ferrous disulfide; sucrose (component of); Phosphoric acid; sucrose (component of); Sucrose caramel (related) ... View More ... In chemistry, sugar loosely refers to a number of carbohydrates, such as monosaccharides, disaccharides, or oligosaccharides. In food, sugar refers to a class of edible crystalline carbohydrates, mainly sucrose, lactose, and fructose characterized by a sweet flavor. Other sugars are used in industrial food preparation, but are usually known by more specific names - glucose, fructose or fruit sugar, high fructose corn syrup, etc. Sugars is found in many foods, some of which are ucuhuba, butternut squash, common walnut, and miso. A glycosyl glycoside formed by glucose and fructose units joined by an acetal oxygen bridge from hemiacetal of glucose to the hemiketal of the fructose. Sucrose, a disaccharide, is a sugar composed of glucose and fructose subunits. It is produced naturally in plants and is the main constituent of white sugar. It has the molecular formula C 12H 22O 11. For human consumption, sucrose is extracted and refined from either sugarcane or sugar beet. Sugar mills – typically located in tropical regions near where sugarcane is grown – crush the cane and produce raw sugar which is shipped to other factories for refining into pure sucrose. Sugar beet factories are located in temperate climates where the beet is grown, and process the beets directly into refined sugar. The sugar-refining process involves washing the raw sugar crystals before dissolving them into a sugar syrup which is filtered and then passed over carbon to remove any residual colour. The sugar syrup is then concentrated by boiling under a vacuum and crystallized as the final purification process to produce crystals of pure sucrose that are clear, odorless, and sweet. Sugar is often an added ingredient in food production and recipes. About 185 million tonnes of sugar were produced worldwide in 2017.[6] Sucrose is particularly dangerous as a risk factor for tooth decay because Streptococcus mutans bacteria convert it into a sticky, extracellular, dextran-based polysaccharide that allows them to cohere, forming plaque. Sucrose is the only sugar that bacteria can use to form this sticky polysaccharide.[7] Sucrose. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=8030-20-4 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 57-50-1). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Ursolic acid

C30H48O3 (456.36032579999994)

Ursolic acid is a ubiquitous triterpenoid in plant kingdom, medicinal herbs, and is an integral part of the human diet. During the last decade over 700 research articles have been published on triterpenoids research, reflecting tremendous interest and progress in our understanding of these compounds. This included the isolation and purification of these tritepernoids from various plants and herbs, the chemical modifications to make more effective and water soluble derivatives, the pharmacological research on their beneficial effects, the toxicity studies, and the clinical use of these triterpenoids in various diseases including anticancer chemotherapies. Ursolic acid (UA), a pentacyclic triterpene acid, has been isolated from many kinds of medicinal plants, such as Eriobotrya japonica, Rosmarinns officinalis, Melaleuca leucadendron, Ocimum sanctum and Glechoma hederaceae. UA has been reported to produce antitumor activities and antioxidant activity, and is reported to have an antioxidant activity. UA may play an important role in regulating the apoptosis induced by high glucose presumably through scavenging of ROS (reactive oxygen species). It has been found recently that ursolic acid treatment affects growth and apoptosis in cancer cells. (PMID: 15994040, 17516235, 17213663). Ursolic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is urs-12-en-28-oic acid substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a geroprotector. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a hydroxy monocarboxylic acid. It derives from a hydride of an ursane. Ursolic acid is a natural product found in Gladiolus italicus, Freziera, and other organisms with data available. Ursolic Acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid found in various fruits, vegetables and medicinal herbs, with a variety of potential pharmacologic activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antiviral, serum lipid-lowering, and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, ursolic acid may promote apoptosis and inhibit cancer cell proliferation through multiple mechanisms. This may include the regulation of mitochondrial function through various pathways including the ROCK/PTEN and p53 pathways, the suppression of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) pathways, and the increase in caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 activities. See also: Holy basil leaf (part of); Jujube fruit (part of); Lagerstroemia speciosa leaf (part of). D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is urs-12-en-28-oic acid substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C129839 - Apoptotic Pathway-targeting Antineoplastic Agent Found in wax of apples, pears and other fruits. V. widely distributed in plants D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors 3-Epiursolic Acid is a triterpenoid that can be isolated from Eriobotrya japonica, acts as a competitive inhibitor of cathepsin L (IC50, 6.5 μM; Ki, 19.5 μM), with no obvious effect on cathepsin B[1]. 3-Epiursolic Acid is a triterpenoid that can be isolated from Eriobotrya japonica, acts as a competitive inhibitor of cathepsin L (IC50, 6.5 μM; Ki, 19.5 μM), with no obvious effect on cathepsin B[1]. Ursolic acid (Prunol) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acid, exerts anti-tumor effects and is an effective compound for cancer prevention and therapy. Ursolic acid (Prunol) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acid, exerts anti-tumor effects and is an effective compound for cancer prevention and therapy.

Chlorogenic acid

C16H18O9 (354.0950778)

Chlorogenic acid is a cinnamate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid with the 3-hydroxy group of quinic acid. It is an intermediate metabolite in the biosynthesis of lignin. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a food component. It is a cinnamate ester and a tannin. It is functionally related to a (-)-quinic acid and a trans-caffeic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a chlorogenate. Chlorogenic Acid has been used in trials studying the treatment of Advanced Cancer and Impaired Glucose Tolerance. Chlorogenic Acid is a natural product found in Pavetta indica, Fragaria nipponica, and other organisms with data available. Chlorogenic Acid is a polyphenol and the ester of caffeic acid and quinic acid that is found in coffee and black tea, with potential antioxidant and chemopreventive activities. Chlorogenic acid scavenges free radicals, which inhibits DNA damage and may protect against the induction of carcinogenesis. In addition, this agent may upregulate the expression of genes involved in the activation of the immune system and enhances activation and proliferation of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, macrophages, and natural killer cells. Chlorogenic acid also inhibits the activity of matrix metalloproteinases. A naturally occurring phenolic acid which is a carcinogenic inhibitor. It has also been shown to prevent paraquat-induced oxidative stress in rats. (From J Chromatogr A 1996;741(2):223-31; Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1996;60(5):765-68). See also: Arctium lappa Root (part of); Cynara scolymus leaf (part of); Lonicera japonica flower (part of) ... View More ... Chlorogenic acid is an ester of caffeic acid and quinic acid. Chlorogenic acid is the major polyphenolic compound in coffee, isolated from the leaves and fruits of dicotyledonous plants. This compound, long known as an antioxidant, also slows the release of glucose into the bloodstream after a meal. Coffee is a complex mixture of chemicals that provides significant amounts of chlorogenic acid. The chlorogenic acid content of a 200 ml (7-oz) cup of coffee has been reported to range from 70-350 mg, which would provide about 35-175 mg of caffeic acid. The results of epidemiological research suggest that coffee consumption may help prevent several chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, Parkinsons disease and liver disease (cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma). Most prospective cohort studies have not found coffee consumption to be associated with significantly increased cardiovascular disease risk. However, coffee consumption is associated with increases in several cardiovascular disease risk factors, including blood pressure and plasma homocysteine. At present, there is little evidence that coffee consumption increases the risk of cancer. (PMID:16507475, 17368041). A cinnamate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid with the 3-hydroxy group of quinic acid. It is an intermediate metabolite in the biosynthesis of lignin. [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_pos_10eV_1-1_01_209.txt [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_neg_30eV_1-1_01_218.txt [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_neg_20eV_1-1_01_217.txt [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_pos_30eV_1-1_01_211.txt [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_neg_40eV_1-1_01_219.txt [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_pos_20eV_1-1_01_210.txt [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_pos_50eV_1-1_01_213.txt [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_neg_50eV_1-1_01_220.txt [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_neg_10eV_1-1_01_216.txt [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_pos_40eV_1-1_01_212.txt Chlorogenic acid is a major phenolic compound in Lonicera japonica Thunb.. It plays several important and therapeutic roles such as antioxidant activity, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-hypertension. Chlorogenic acid is a major phenolic compound in Lonicera japonica Thunb. It is an orally active antioxidant activity, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-hypertension compound[1][2][3]. Chlorogenic acid is a major phenolic compound in Lonicera japonica Thunb.. It plays several important and therapeutic roles such as antioxidant activity, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-hypertension.

Kaempferitrin

C27H30O14 (578.163548)

Kaempferol 3,7-di-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside is a glycosyloxyflavone that is kaempferol attached to alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl residues at positions 3 and 7 respectively via glycosidic linkages. It has been isolated from the aerial parts of Vicia faba and Lotus edulis. It has a role as a bone density conservation agent, a hypoglycemic agent, an immunomodulator, an anti-inflammatory agent, an antineoplastic agent, a plant metabolite, an apoptosis inducer and an antidepressant. It is an alpha-L-rhamnoside, a monosaccharide derivative, a dihydroxyflavone, a glycosyloxyflavone and a polyphenol. It is functionally related to a kaempferol. Kaempferitrin is a natural product found in Ficus septica, Cleome amblyocarpa, and other organisms with data available. See also: Selenicereus grandiflorus stem (part of). A glycosyloxyflavone that is kaempferol attached to alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl residues at positions 3 and 7 respectively via glycosidic linkages. It has been isolated from the aerial parts of Vicia faba and Lotus edulis. Kaempferitrin is found in linden. Kaempferitrin is a chemical compound. It can be isolated from the leaves of Hedyotis verticillata. Kaempferitrin is a natural flavonoid, possesses antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antitumoral and chemopreventive effects, and activates insulin signaling pathway. Kaempferitrin is a natural flavonoid, possesses antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antitumoral and chemopreventive effects, and activates insulin signaling pathway.

Myristic acid

C14H28O2 (228.20891880000002)

Tetradecanoic acid is an oily white crystalline solid. (NTP, 1992) Tetradecanoic acid is a straight-chain, fourteen-carbon, long-chain saturated fatty acid mostly found in milk fat. It has a role as a human metabolite, an EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor, a Daphnia magna metabolite and an algal metabolite. It is a long-chain fatty acid and a straight-chain saturated fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of a tetradecanoate. Myristic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Myristic acid is a natural product found in Gladiolus italicus, Staphisagria macrosperma, and other organisms with data available. Myristic Acid is a saturated long-chain fatty acid with a 14-carbon backbone. Myristic acid is found naturally in palm oil, coconut oil and butter fat. Myristic acid is a saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. It is used to synthesize flavor and as an ingredient in soaps and cosmetics. (From Dorland, 28th ed). Myristic acid is also commonly added to a penultimate nitrogen terminus glycine in receptor-associated kinases to confer the membrane localisation of the enzyme. this is achieved by the myristic acid having a high enough hydrophobicity to become incorporated into the fatty acyl core of the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane of the eukaryotic cell.(wikipedia). myristic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. It is used to synthesize flavor and as an ingredient in soaps and cosmetics. (From Dorland, 28th ed) See also: Cod Liver Oil (part of); Saw Palmetto (part of). Myristic acid, also known as tetradecanoic acid or C14:0, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Myristic acid (its ester is called myristate) is a saturated fatty acid that has 14 carbons; as such, it is a very hydrophobic molecule that is practically insoluble in water. It exists as an oily white crystalline solid. Myristic acid is found in all living organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals, and is found in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat, as well as coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. Industrially, myristic acid is used to synthesize a variety of flavour compounds and as an ingredient in soaps and cosmetics (Dorland, 28th ed). Within eukaryotic cells, myristic acid is also commonly conjugated to a penultimate N-terminal glycine residue in receptor-associated kinases to confer membrane localization of these enzymes (a post-translational modification called myristoylation via the enzyme N-myristoyltransferase). Myristic acid has a high enough hydrophobicity to allow the myristoylated protein to become incorporated into the fatty acyl core of the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells. Also, this fatty acid is known because it accumulates as fat in the body; however, its consumption also impacts positively on cardiovascular health (see, for example, PMID: 15936650). Myristic acid is named after the scientific name for nutmeg, Myristica fragrans, from which it was first isolated in 1841 by Lyon Playfair. Myristic acid, also known as 14 or N-tetradecanoic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Thus, myristic acid is considered to be a fatty acid lipid molecule. Myristic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Myristic acid can be found in a number of food items such as strawberry, barley, nutmeg, and soy bean, which makes myristic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Myristic acid can be found primarily in most biofluids, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood, saliva, and feces, as well as throughout most human tissues. Myristic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, myristic acid is involved in the fatty acid biosynthesis. Moreover, myristic acid is found to be associated with schizophrenia. Myristic acid is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Myristic acid (IUPAC systematic name: 1-tetradecanoic acid) is a common saturated fatty acid with the molecular formula CH3(CH2)12COOH. Its salts and esters are commonly referred to as myristates. It is named after the binomial name for nutmeg (Myristica fragrans), from which it was first isolated in 1841 by Lyon Playfair . A straight-chain, fourteen-carbon, long-chain saturated fatty acid mostly found in milk fat. Nutmeg butter has 75\\\% trimyristin, the triglyceride of myristic acid and a source from which it can be synthesised.[13] Besides nutmeg, myristic acid is found in palm kernel oil, coconut oil, butterfat, 8–14\\\% of bovine milk, and 8.6\\\% of breast milk as well as being a minor component of many other animal fats.[9] It is found in spermaceti, the crystallized fraction of oil from the sperm whale. It is also found in the rhizomes of the Iris, including Orris root.[14][15] Myristic acid is a saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. Myristic acid is a saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils.

Palmitic acid

C16H32O2 (256.2402172)

Palmitic acid, also known as palmitate or hexadecanoic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Thus, palmitic acid is considered to be a fatty acid lipid molecule. Palmitic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Palmitic acid can be found in a number of food items such as sacred lotus, spinach, shallot, and corn salad, which makes palmitic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Palmitic acid can be found primarily in most biofluids, including feces, sweat, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and urine, as well as throughout most human tissues. Palmitic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, palmitic acid is involved in several metabolic pathways, some of which include alendronate action pathway, rosuvastatin action pathway, simvastatin action pathway, and cerivastatin action pathway. Palmitic acid is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include hypercholesterolemia, familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency, ethylmalonic encephalopathy, and carnitine palmitoyl transferase deficiency (I). Moreover, palmitic acid is found to be associated with schizophrenia. Palmitic acid is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Palmitic acid, or hexadecanoic acid in IUPAC nomenclature, is the most common saturated fatty acid found in animals, plants and microorganisms. Its chemical formula is CH3(CH2)14COOH, and its C:D is 16:0. As its name indicates, it is a major component of the oil from the fruit of oil palms (palm oil). Palmitic acid can also be found in meats, cheeses, butter, and dairy products. Palmitate is the salts and esters of palmitic acid. The palmitate anion is the observed form of palmitic acid at physiologic pH (7.4) . Palmitic acid is the first fatty acid produced during lipogenesis (fatty acid synthesis) and from which longer fatty acids can be produced. Palmitate negatively feeds back on acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) which is responsible for converting acetyl-ACP to malonyl-ACP on the growing acyl chain, thus preventing further palmitate generation (DrugBank). Palmitic acid, or hexadecanoic acid, is one of the most common saturated fatty acids found in animals, plants, and microorganisms. As its name indicates, it is a major component of the oil from the fruit of oil palms (palm oil). Excess carbohydrates in the body are converted to palmitic acid. Palmitic acid is the first fatty acid produced during fatty acid synthesis and is the precursor to longer fatty acids. As a consequence, palmitic acid is a major body component of animals. In humans, one analysis found it to make up 21–30\\\% (molar) of human depot fat (PMID: 13756126), and it is a major, but highly variable, lipid component of human breast milk (PMID: 352132). Palmitic acid is used to produce soaps, cosmetics, and industrial mould release agents. These applications use sodium palmitate, which is commonly obtained by saponification of palm oil. To this end, palm oil, rendered from palm tree (species Elaeis guineensis), is treated with sodium hydroxide (in the form of caustic soda or lye), which causes hydrolysis of the ester groups, yielding glycerol and sodium palmitate. Aluminium salts of palmitic acid and naphthenic acid were combined during World War II to produce napalm. The word "napalm" is derived from the words naphthenic acid and palmitic acid (Wikipedia). Palmitic acid is also used in the determination of water hardness and is a surfactant of Levovist, an intravenous ultrasonic contrast agent. Hexadecanoic acid is a straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid. It has a role as an EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor, a plant metabolite, a Daphnia magna metabolite and an algal metabolite. It is a long-chain fatty acid and a straight-chain saturated fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of a hexadecanoate. A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids. Palmitic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Palmitic Acid is a saturated long-chain fatty acid with a 16-carbon backbone. Palmitic acid is found naturally in palm oil and palm kernel oil, as well as in butter, cheese, milk and meat. Palmitic acid, or hexadecanoic acid is one of the most common saturated fatty acids found in animals and plants, a saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids. It occurs in the form of esters (glycerides) in oils and fats of vegetable and animal origin and is usually obtained from palm oil, which is widely distributed in plants. Palmitic acid is used in determination of water hardness and is an active ingredient of *Levovist*TM, used in echo enhancement in sonographic Doppler B-mode imaging and as an ultrasound contrast medium. A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids. A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid. Palmitic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=57-10-3 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 57-10-3). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Campesterol

C28H48O (400.37049579999996)

Campesterol is a phytosterol, meaning it is a steroid derived from plants. As a food additive, phytosterols have cholesterol-lowering properties (reducing cholesterol absorption in intestines), and may act in cancer prevention. Phytosterols naturally occur in small amount in vegetable oils, especially soybean oil. One such phytosterol complex, isolated from vegetable oil, is cholestatin, composed of campesterol, stigmasterol, and brassicasterol, and is marketed as a dietary supplement. Sterols can reduce cholesterol in human subjects by up to 15\\\\\%. The mechanism behind phytosterols and the lowering of cholesterol occurs as follows : the incorporation of cholesterol into micelles in the gastrointestinal tract is inhibited, decreasing the overall amount of cholesterol absorbed. This may in turn help to control body total cholesterol levels, as well as modify HDL, LDL and TAG levels. Many margarines, butters, breakfast cereals and spreads are now enriched with phytosterols and marketed towards people with high cholesterol and a wish to lower it. -- Wikipedia. Campesterol is a member of phytosterols, a 3beta-sterol, a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid and a C28-steroid. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It derives from a hydride of a campestane. Campesterol is a natural product found in Haplophyllum bucharicum, Bugula neritina, and other organisms with data available. Campesterol is a steroid derivative that is the simplest sterol, characterized by the hydroxyl group in position C-3 of the steroid skeleton, and saturated bonds throughout the sterol structure, with the exception of the 5-6 double bond in the B ring. Campesterol. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=474-62-4 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 474-62-4). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Campesterol is a plant sterol with cholesterol lowering and anticarcinogenic effects. Campesterol is a plant sterol with cholesterol lowering and anticarcinogenic effects.

beta-Carotene

C40H56 (536.4381776)

Beta-carotene is a cyclic carotene obtained by dimerisation of all-trans-retinol. A strongly-coloured red-orange pigment abundant in plants and fruit and the most active and important provitamin A carotenoid. It has a role as a biological pigment, a provitamin A, a plant metabolite, a human metabolite, a mouse metabolite, a cofactor, a ferroptosis inhibitor and an antioxidant. It is a cyclic carotene and a carotenoid beta-end derivative. Beta-carotene, with the molecular formula C40H56, belongs to the group of carotenoids consisting of isoprene units. The presence of long chains of conjugated double bonds donates beta-carotene with specific colors. It is the most abundant form of carotenoid and it is a precursor of the vitamin A. Beta-carotene is composed of two retinyl groups. It is an antioxidant that can be found in yellow, orange and green leafy vegetables and fruits. Under the FDA, beta-carotene is considered as a generally recognized as safe substance (GRAS). Beta-Carotene is a natural product found in Epicoccum nigrum, Lonicera japonica, and other organisms with data available. Beta-Carotene is a naturally-occurring retinol (vitamin A) precursor obtained from certain fruits and vegetables with potential antineoplastic and chemopreventive activities. As an anti-oxidant, beta carotene inhibits free-radical damage to DNA. This agent also induces cell differentiation and apoptosis of some tumor cell types, particularly in early stages of tumorigenesis, and enhances immune system activity by stimulating the release of natural killer cells, lymphocytes, and monocytes. (NCI04) beta-Carotene is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC). See also: Lycopene (part of); Broccoli (part of); Lycium barbarum fruit (part of). Beta-Carotene belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carotenes. These are a type of polyunsaturated hydrocarbon molecules containing eight consecutive isoprene units. Carotenes are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Beta-carotene is therefore considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Beta-carotene is a strongly coloured red-orange pigment abundant in fungi, plants, and fruits. It is synthesized biochemically from eight isoprene units and therefore has 40 carbons. Among the carotenes, beta-carotene is distinguished by having beta-rings at both ends of the molecule. Beta-Carotene is biosynthesized from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. It is the most common form of carotene in plants. In nature, Beta-carotene is a precursor (inactive form) to vitamin A. Vitamin A is produed via the action of beta-carotene 15,15-monooxygenase on carotenes. In mammals, carotenoid absorption is restricted to the duodenum of the small intestine and dependent on a class B scavenger receptor (SR-B1) membrane protein, which is also responsible for the absorption of vitamin E. One molecule of beta-carotene can be cleaved by the intestinal enzyme Beta-Beta-carotene 15,15-monooxygenase into two molecules of vitamin A. Beta-Carotene contributes to the orange color of many different fruits and vegetables. Vietnamese gac and crude palm oil are particularly rich sources, as are yellow and orange fruits, such as cantaloupe, mangoes, pumpkin, and papayas, and orange root vegetables such as carrots and sweet potatoes. Excess beta-carotene is predominantly stored in the fat tissues of the body. The most common side effect of excessive beta-carotene consumption is carotenodermia, a physically harmless condition that presents as a conspicuous orange skin tint arising from deposition of the carotenoid in the outermost layer of the epidermis. Yellow food colour, dietary supplement, nutrient, Vitamin A precursor. Nutriceutical with antioxidation props. beta-Carotene is found in many foods, some of which are summer savory, gram bean, sunburst squash (pattypan squash), and other bread product. A cyclic carotene obtained by dimerisation of all-trans-retinol. A strongly-coloured red-orange pigment abundant in plants and fruit and the most active and important provitamin A carotenoid. D - Dermatologicals > D02 - Emollients and protectives > D02B - Protectives against uv-radiation > D02BB - Protectives against uv-radiation for systemic use A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A11 - Vitamins > A11C - Vitamin a and d, incl. combinations of the two > A11CA - Vitamin a, plain D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins > D000072664 - Provitamins

Lutein

C40H56O2 (568.4280076)

Lutein is a common carotenoid xanthophyll found in nature. Carotenoids are among the most common pigments in nature and are natural lipid-soluble antioxidants. Lutein is one of the two carotenoids (the other is zeaxanthin) that accumulate in the eye lens and macular region of the retina with concentrations in the macula greater than those found in plasma and other tissues. Lutein and zeaxanthin have identical chemical formulas and are isomers, but they are not stereoisomers. The main difference between them is in the location of a double bond in one of the end rings. This difference gives lutein three chiral centers whereas zeaxanthin has two. A relationship between macular pigment optical density, a marker of lutein and zeaxanthin concentration in the macula, and lens optical density, an antecedent of cataractous changes, has been suggested. The xanthophylls may act to protect the eye from ultraviolet phototoxicity via quenching reactive oxygen species and/or other mechanisms. Some observational studies have shown that generous intakes of lutein and zeaxanthin, particularly from certain xanthophyll-rich foods like spinach, broccoli, and eggs, are associated with a significant reduction in the risk for cataracts (up to 20\\\\\%) and age-related macular degeneration (up to 40\\\\\%). While the pathophysiology of cataract and age-related macular degeneration is complex and contains both environmental and genetic components, research studies suggest dietary factors including antioxidant vitamins and xanthophylls may contribute to a reduction in the risk of these degenerative eye diseases. Further research is necessary to confirm these observations (PMID: 11023002). Lutein is a carotenol. It has a role as a food colouring and a plant metabolite. It derives from a hydride of a (6R)-beta,epsilon-carotene. Lutein is an xanthophyll and one of 600 known naturally occurring carotenoids. Lutein is synthesized only by plants and like other xanthophylls is found in high quantities in green leafy vegetables such as spinach, kale and yellow carrots. In green plants, xanthophylls act to modulate light energy and serve as non-photochemical quenching agents to deal with triplet chlorophyll (an excited form of chlorophyll), which is overproduced at very high light levels, during photosynthesis. Lutein is a natural product found in Eupatorium cannabinum, Hibiscus syriacus, and other organisms with data available. Lutein is lutein (LOO-teen) is a oxygenated carotenoid found in vegetables and fruits. lutein is found in the macula of the eye, where it is believed to act as a yellow filter. Lutein acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells against the damaging effects of free radicals. A xanthophyll found in the major LIGHT-HARVESTING PROTEIN COMPLEXES of plants. Dietary lutein accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA. See also: Calendula Officinalis Flower (part of); Corn (part of); Chicken; lutein (component of) ... View More ... Pigment from egg yolk and leaves. Found in all higher plants. Nutriceutical with anticancer and antioxidation props. Potentially useful for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) of the eye Lutein A. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=127-40-2 (retrieved 2024-07-12) (CAS RN: 127-40-2). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Lutein (Xanthophyll) is a carotenoid with reported anti-inflammatory properties. A large body of evidence shows that lutein has several beneficial effects, especially on eye health[1]. Lutein exerts its biological activities, including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidase and anti-apoptosis, through effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS)[2][3]. Lutein is able to arrive in the brain and shows antidepressant-like and neuroprotective effects. Lutein is orally active[4]. Lutein (Xanthophyll) is a carotenoid with reported anti-inflammatory properties. A large body of evidence shows that lutein has several beneficial effects, especially on eye health[1]. Lutein exerts its biological activities, including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidase and anti-apoptosis, through effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS)[2][3]. Lutein is able to arrive in the brain and shows antidepressant-like and neuroprotective effects. Lutein is orally active[4].

beta-Cryptoxanthin

C40H56O (552.4330926)

beta-Cryptoxanthin has been isolated from abalone, fish eggs, and many higher plants. beta-Cryptoxanthin is a major source of vitamin A, often second only to beta-carotene, and is present in fruits such as oranges, tangerines, and papayas (PMID: 8554331). Frequent intake of tropical fruits that are rich in beta-cryptoxanthin is associated with higher plasma beta-cryptoxanthin concentrations in Costa Rican adolescents. Papaya intake was the best food predictor of plasma beta-cryptoxanthin concentrations. Subjects that frequently consumed (i.e. greater or equal to 3 times/day) tropical fruits with at least 50 micro g/100 g beta-cryptoxanthin (e.g. papaya, tangerine, orange, watermelon) had twofold the plasma beta-cryptoxanthin concentrations of those with intakes of less than 4 times/week (PMID: 12368412). A modest increase in beta-cryptoxanthin intake, equivalent to one glass of freshly squeezed orange juice per day, is associated with a reduced risk of developing inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis (PMID: 16087992). Higher prediagnostic serum levels of total carotenoids and beta-cryptoxanthin were associated with lower smoking-related lung cancer risk in middle-aged and older men in Shanghai, China (PMID: 11440962). Consistent with inhibition of the lung cancer cell growth, beta-cryptoxanthin induced the mRNA levels of retinoic acid receptor beta (RAR-beta) in BEAS-2B cells, although this effect was less pronounced in A549 cells. Furthermore, beta-cryptoxanthin transactivated the RAR-mediated transcription activity of the retinoic acid response element. These findings suggest a mechanism of anti-proliferative action of beta-cryptoxanthin and indicate that beta-cryptoxanthin may be a promising chemopreventive agent against lung cancer (PMID: 16841329). Cryptoxanthin is a natural carotenoid pigment. It has been isolated from a variety of sources including the petals and flowers of plants in the genus Physalis, orange rind, papaya, egg yolk, butter, apples, and bovine blood serum. In a pure form, cryptoxanthin is a red crystalline solid with a metallic lustre. It is freely soluble in chloroform, benzene, pyridine, and carbon disulfide. In the human body, cryptoxanthin is converted into vitamin A (retinol) and is therefore considered a provitamin A. As with other carotenoids, cryptoxanthin is an antioxidant and may help prevent free radical damage to cells and DNA, as well as stimulate the repair of oxidative damage to DNA. Structurally, cryptoxanthin is closely related to beta-carotene, with only the addition of a hydroxyl group. It is a member of the class of carotenoids known as xanthophylls. Beta-cryptoxanthin is a carotenol that exhibits antioxidant activity. It has been isolated from fruits such as papaya and oranges. It has a role as a provitamin A, an antioxidant, a biomarker and a plant metabolite. It derives from a hydride of a beta-carotene. beta-Cryptoxanthin is a natural product found in Hibiscus syriacus, Cladonia gracilis, and other organisms with data available. A mono-hydroxylated xanthophyll that is a provitamin A precursor. See also: Corn (part of). A carotenol that exhibits antioxidant activity. It has been isolated from fruits such as papaya and oranges. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins > D000072664 - Provitamins Cryptoxanthin. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=472-70-8 (retrieved 2024-10-31) (CAS RN: 472-70-8). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

alpha-Carotene

C40H56 (536.4381776)

alpha-Carotene belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carotenes. These are a type of unsaturated hydrocarbons containing eight consecutive isoprene units. They are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. alpha-Carotene is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. alpha-Carotene is one of the primary isomers of carotene. Plasma levels of alpha-carotene are positively associated with the detection rate of AFB1-DNA adducts in a dose-dependent manner, whereas plasma lycopene level was inversely related to the presence of the adducts in urine (PMID: 9214602). (6R)-beta,epsilon-carotene is an alpha-carotene. It is an enantiomer of a (6S)-beta,epsilon-carotene. alpha-Carotene is a natural product found in Hibiscus syriacus, Scandix stellata, and other organisms with data available. Widespread carotenoid, e.g. in carrots and palm oil. Has vitamin A activity but less than that of b-Carotene A cyclic carotene with a beta- and an epsilon-ring at opposite ends respectively. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

Zeaxanthin

C40H56O2 (568.4280076)

Zeaxanthin is a carotenoid xanthophyll and is one of the most common carotenoid found in nature. It is the pigment that gives corn, saffron, and many other plants their characteristic color. Zeaxanthin breaks down to form picrocrocin and safranal, which are responsible for the taste and aroma of saffron Carotenoids are among the most common pigments in nature and are natural lipid soluble antioxidants. Zeaxanthin is one of the two carotenoids (the other is lutein) that accumulate in the eye lens and macular region of the retina with concentrations in the macula greater than those found in plasma and other tissues. Lutein and zeaxanthin have identical chemical formulas and are isomers, but they are not stereoisomers. The main difference between them is in the location of a double bond in one of the end rings. This difference gives lutein three chiral centers whereas zeaxanthin has two. A relationship between macular pigment optical density, a marker of lutein and zeaxanthin concentration in the macula, and lens optical density, an antecedent of cataractous changes, has been suggested. The xanthophylls may act to protect the eye from ultraviolet phototoxicity via quenching reactive oxygen species and/or other mechanisms. Some observational studies have shown that generous intakes of lutein and zeaxanthin, particularly from certain xanthophyll-rich foods like spinach, broccoli and eggs, are associated with a significant reduction in the risk for cataract (up to 20\\%) and for age-related macular degeneration (up to 40\\%). While the pathophysiology of cataract and age-related macular degeneration is complex and contains both environmental and genetic components, research studies suggest dietary factors including antioxidant vitamins and xanthophylls may contribute to a reduction in the risk of these degenerative eye diseases. Further research is necessary to confirm these observations. (PMID: 11023002). Zeaxanthin has been found to be a microbial metabolite, it can be produced by Algibacter, Aquibacter, Escherichia, Flavobacterium, Formosa, Gramella, Hyunsoonleella, Kordia, Mesoflavibacter, Muricauda, Nubsella, Paracoccus, Siansivirga, Sphingomonas, Zeaxanthinibacter and yeast (https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S0924224417302571?token=DE6BC6CC7DCDEA6150497AA3E375097A00F8E0C12AE03A8E420D85D1AC8855E62103143B5AE0B57E9C5828671F226801). It is a marker for the activity of Bacillus subtilis and/or Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the intestine. Higher levels are associated with higher levels of Bacillus or Pseudomonas. (PMID: 17555270; PMID: 12147474) Zeaxanthin is a carotenol. It has a role as a bacterial metabolite, a cofactor and an antioxidant. It derives from a hydride of a beta-carotene. Zeaxanthin is a most common carotenoid alcohols found in nature that is involved in the xanthophyll cycle. As a coexistent isomer of lutein, zeaxanthin is synthesized in plants and some micro-organisms. It gives the distinct yellow color to many vegetables and other plants including paprika, corn, saffron and wolfberries. Zeaxanthin is one of the two primary xanthophyll carotenoids contained within the retina of the eye and plays a predominant component in the central macula. It is available as a dietary supplement for eye health benefits and potential prevention of age-related macular degeneration. Zeaxanthin is also added as a food dye. Zeaxanthin is a natural product found in Bangia fuscopurpurea, Erythrobacter longus, and other organisms with data available. Carotenoids found in fruits and vegetables. Zeaxanthin accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA. See also: Saffron (part of); Corn (part of); Lycium barbarum fruit (part of). D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

Squalene

C30H50 (410.39123)

Squalene is an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon (carotenoid) with six unconjugated double bonds found in human sebum (5\\\\%), fish liver oils, yeast lipids, and many vegetable oils (e.g. palm oil, cottonseed oil, rapeseed oil). Squalene is a volatile component of the scent material from Saguinus oedipus (cotton-top tamarin monkey) and Saguinus fuscicollis (saddle-back tamarin monkey) (Hawleys Condensed Chemical Reference). Squalene is a component of adult human sebum that is principally responsible for fixing fingerprints (ChemNetBase). It is a natural organic compound originally obtained for commercial purposes primarily from shark liver oil, though there are botanical sources as well, including rice bran, wheat germ, and olives. All higher organisms produce squalene, including humans. It is a hydrocarbon and a triterpene. Squalene is a biochemical precursor to the whole family of steroids. Oxidation of one of the terminal double bonds of squalene yields 2,3-squalene oxide which undergoes enzyme-catalyzed cyclization to afford lanosterol, which is then elaborated into cholesterol and other steroids. Squalene is a low-density compound often stored in the bodies of cartilaginous fishes such as sharks, which lack a swim bladder and must therefore reduce their body density with fats and oils. Squalene, which is stored mainly in the sharks liver, is lighter than water with a specific gravity of 0.855 (Wikipedia) Squalene is used as a bactericide. It is also an intermediate in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, rubber chemicals, and colouring materials (Physical Constants of Chemical Substances). Trans-squalene is a clear, slightly yellow liquid with a faint odor. Density 0.858 g / cm3. Squalene is a triterpene consisting of 2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosane having six double bonds at the 2-, 6-, 10-, 14-, 18- and 22-positions with (all-E)-configuration. It has a role as a human metabolite, a plant metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite and a mouse metabolite. Squalene is originally obtained from shark liver oil. It is a natural 30-carbon isoprenoid compound and intermediate metabolite in the synthesis of cholesterol. It is not susceptible to lipid peroxidation and provides skin protection. It is ubiquitously distributed in human tissues where it is transported in serum generally in association with very low density lipoproteins. Squalene is investigated as an adjunctive cancer therapy. Squalene is a natural product found in Ficus septica, Garcinia multiflora, and other organisms with data available. squalene is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A natural 30-carbon triterpene. See also: Olive Oil (part of); Shark Liver Oil (part of). A triterpene consisting of 2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosane having six double bonds at the 2-, 6-, 10-, 14-, 18- and 22-positions with (all-E)-configuration. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Squalene is an intermediate product in the synthesis of cholesterol, and shows several pharmacological properties such as hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antioxidant, and antitoxicant activity. Squalene also has anti-fungal activity and can be used for the research of Trichophyton mentagrophytes research[2]. Squalene is an intermediate product in the synthesis of cholesterol, and shows several pharmacological properties such as hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antioxidant, and antitoxicant activity. Squalene also has anti-fungal activity and can be used for the research of Trichophyton mentagrophytes research[2].

Geraniol

C10H18O (154.1357578)

Geraniol, also known as beta-Geraniol, (E)-nerol (the isomer of nerol) or geranyl alcohol, is a monoterpenoid alcohol. It belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acyclic monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenes that do not contain a cycle. Monoterpenoids are terpenes that contain 10 carbon atoms and are comprised of two isoprene units. In plants, the biosynthesis of monoterpenes is known to occur mainly through the methyl-erythritol-phosphate (MEP) pathway in the plastids (PMID:7640522 ). Geranyl diphosphate (GPP) is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of cyclic monoterpenes. GPP undergoes several cyclization reactions to yield a diverse number of cyclic arrangements. beta-Geraniol is an isoprenoid lipid molecule that is very hydrophobic, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. beta-Geraniol has a sweet, citrus, and floral taste. beta-Geraniol is found in highest concentrations in common grapes, black walnuts, and common thymes and in lower concentrations in cardamoms, common oregano, and gingers. beta-Geraniol has also been detected in lemon verbena, oval-leaf huckleberries, common pea, sweet cherries, and nopals. It is found as an alcohol and as its ester in many essential oils including geranium oil. It is the primary part of rose oil, palmarosa oil, and citronella oil (Java type) and occurs in small quantities in geranium, lemon, and many other essential oils. Because it has a rose-like odor, it is commonly used in perfumes. It is used to create flavors such as peach, raspberry, grapefruit, red apple, plum, lime, orange, lemon, watermelon, pineapple, and blueberry. An alternate application has been found in the use of insect repellents or deterrants. Though it may repel mosquitoes, flies, lice, cockroaches, ants, and ticks, it is also produced by the scent glands of honey bees to help them mark nectar-bearing flowers and locate the entrances to their hives (http//doi:10.1051/apido:19900403). Extensive testing by Dr. Jerry Butler at the University of Florida has shown geraniol to be one of natures most effective insect repellents (PMID:20836800). Nerol is the (2Z)-stereoisomer of 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol. It has been isolated from the essential oils from plants like lemon grass. It has a role as a volatile oil component, a plant metabolite and a fragrance. Nerol is a natural product found in Eupatorium cannabinum, Vitis rotundifolia, and other organisms with data available. Nerol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Constituent of many essential oils including neroli and bergamot oils. In essential oils it is a minor component always accompanied by geraniol. Flavouring agent The (2Z)-stereoisomer of 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol. It has been isolated from the essential oils from plants like lemon grass. Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity[1][2]. Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity[1][2]. Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity[1][2].

Stearic acid

C18H36O2 (284.2715156)

Stearic acid, also known as stearate or N-octadecanoic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Thus, stearic acid is considered to be a fatty acid lipid molecule. Stearic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Stearic acid can be synthesized from octadecane. Stearic acid is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, 3-oxooctadecanoic acid, (9S,10S)-10-hydroxy-9-(phosphonooxy)octadecanoic acid, and 16-methyloctadecanoic acid. Stearic acid can be found in a number of food items such as green bell pepper, common oregano, ucuhuba, and babassu palm, which makes stearic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Stearic acid can be found primarily in most biofluids, including urine, feces, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and sweat, as well as throughout most human tissues. Stearic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, stearic acid is involved in the plasmalogen synthesis. Stearic acid is also involved in mitochondrial beta-oxidation of long chain saturated fatty acids, which is a metabolic disorder. Moreover, stearic acid is found to be associated with schizophrenia. Stearic acid is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Stearic acid ( STEER-ik, stee-ARR-ik) is a saturated fatty acid with an 18-carbon chain and has the IUPAC name octadecanoic acid. It is a waxy solid and its chemical formula is C17H35CO2H. Its name comes from the Greek word στέαρ "stéar", which means tallow. The salts and esters of stearic acid are called stearates. As its ester, stearic acid is one of the most common saturated fatty acids found in nature following palmitic acid. The triglyceride derived from three molecules of stearic acid is called stearin . Stearic acid, also known as octadecanoic acid or C18:0, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Stearic acid (its ester is called stearate) is a saturated fatty acid that has 18 carbons and is therefore a very hydrophobic molecule that is practically insoluble in water. It exists as a waxy solid. In terms of its biosynthesis, stearic acid is produced from carbohydrates via the fatty acid synthesis machinery wherein acetyl-CoA contributes two-carbon building blocks, up to the 16-carbon palmitate, via the enzyme complex fatty acid synthase (FA synthase), at which point a fatty acid elongase is needed to further lengthen it. After synthesis, there are a variety of reactions it may undergo, including desaturation to oleate via stearoyl-CoA desaturase (PMID: 16477801). Stearic acid is found in all living organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. It is one of the useful types of saturated fatty acids that comes from many animal and vegetable fats and oils. For example, it is a component of cocoa butter and shea butter. It is used as a food additive, in cleaning and personal care products, and in lubricants. Its name comes from the Greek word stear, which means ‚Äòtallow‚Äô or ‚Äòhard fat‚Äô. Stearic acid is a long chain dietary saturated fatty acid which exists in many animal and vegetable fats and oils. Stearic acid is a long chain dietary saturated fatty acid which exists in many animal and vegetable fats and oils.

Palmitoleic acid

C16H30O2 (254.224568)

Cis-9-palmitoleic acid, also known as palmitoleate or (Z)-9-hexadecenoic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Thus, cis-9-palmitoleic acid is considered to be a fatty acid lipid molecule. Cis-9-palmitoleic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Cis-9-palmitoleic acid can be found in a number of food items such as mixed nuts, carrot, hedge mustard, and chanterelle, which makes cis-9-palmitoleic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Cis-9-palmitoleic acid can be found primarily in most biofluids, including urine, blood, saliva, and feces, as well as in human adipose tissue, prostate and skeletal muscle tissues. Cis-9-palmitoleic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Moreover, cis-9-palmitoleic acid is found to be associated with isovaleric acidemia. Palmitoleic acid, or (9Z)-hexadec-9-enoic acid, is an omega-7 monounsaturated fatty acid (16:1n-7) with the formula CH3(CH2)5CH=CH(CH2)7COOH that is a common constituent of the glycerides of human adipose tissue. Present in all tissues, it is generally found in higher concentrations in the liver. Macadamia oil (Macadamia integrifolia) and sea buckthorn oil (Hippophae rhamnoides) are botanical sources of palmitoleic acid, containing 22 and 40\\\\\% respectively. Palmitoleic acid is found to be associated with isovaleric acidemia, which is an inborn error of metabolism. Palmitoleic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=373-49-9 (retrieved 2024-07-15) (CAS RN: 373-49-9). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Palmitoleic acid, a composition of fatty acid, is implicated in the prevention of death from cerebrovascular disorders in SHRSP rats. Palmitoleic acid, a composition of fatty acid, is implicated in the prevention of death from cerebrovascular disorders in SHRSP rats.

Oleic acid

C18H34O2 (282.2558664)

Oleic acid (or 9Z)-Octadecenoic acid) is an unsaturated C-18 or an omega-9 fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It occurs naturally in various animal and vegetable fats and oils. It is an odorless, colorless oil, although commercial samples may be yellowish. The name derives from the Latin word oleum, which means oil. Oleic acid is the most abundant fatty acid in human adipose tissue, and the second most abundant in human tissues overall, following palmitic acid. Oleic acid is a component of the normal human diet, being a part of animal fats and vegetable oils. Triglycerides of oleic acid represent the majority of olive oil (about 70\\\\%). Oleic acid triglycerides also make up 59–75\\\\% of pecan oil, 61\\\\% of canola oil, 36–67\\\\% of peanut oil, 60\\\\% of macadamia oil, 20–80\\\\% of sunflower oil, 15–20\\\\% of grape seed oil, sea buckthorn oil, 40\\\\% of sesame oil, and 14\\\\% of poppyseed oil. High oleic variants of plant sources such as sunflower (~80\\\\%) and canola oil (70\\\\%) also have been developed. consumption has been associated with decreased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and possibly with increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, however, the ability of oleic acid to raise HDL is still debated. Oleic acid may be responsible for the hypotensive (blood pressure reducing) effects of olive oil that is considered a health benefit. Oleic acid is used in manufacturing of surfactants, soaps, plasticizers. It is also used as an emulsifying agent in foods and pharmaceuticals. Oleic acid is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. Major constituent of plant oils e.g. olive oil (ca. 80\\\\%), almond oil (ca. 80\\\\%) and many others, mainly as glyceride. Constituent of tall oiland is also present in apple, melon, raspberry oil, tomato, banana, roasted peanuts, black tea, rice bran, cardamon, plum brandy, peated malt, dairy products and various animal fats. Component of citrus fruit coatings. Emulsifying agent in foods CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 290 COVID info from WikiPathways Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid[1]. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator[2]. Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid[1]. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator[2].

Eugenol

C10H12O2 (164.0837252)

Eugenol appears as clear colorless pale yellow or amber-colored liquid. Odor of cloves. Spicy pungent taste. (NTP, 1992) Eugenol is a phenylpropanoid formally derived from guaiacol with an allyl chain substituted para to the hydroxy group. It is a major component of clove essential oil, and exhibits antibacterial, analgesic and antioxidant properties. It has been widely used in dentistry to treat toothache and pulpitis. It has a role as an allergen, a human blood serum metabolite, a sensitiser, a volatile oil component, a flavouring agent, an EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor, a radical scavenger, an antibacterial agent, an antineoplastic agent, an apoptosis inducer, an anaesthetic, an analgesic, a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker, a NF-kappaB inhibitor and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is a phenylpropanoid, a monomethoxybenzene, a member of phenols and an alkenylbenzene. It is functionally related to a guaiacol. Eugenol is a naturally occurring phenolic molecule found in several plants such as cinnamon, clove, and bay leaves. It has been used as a topical antiseptic as a counter-irritant and in dental preparations with zinc oxide for root canal sealing and pain control. Although not currently available in any FDA-approved products (including OTC), eugenol has been found to have anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antipyretic, antioxidant, antifungal and analgesic properties. Its exact mechanism of action is unknown, however, it has been shown to interfere with action potential conduction. There are a number of unapproved OTC products available containing eugenol that advertise its use for the treatment of toothache. Eugenol is a Standardized Chemical Allergen. The physiologic effect of eugenol is by means of Increased Histamine Release, and Cell-mediated Immunity. Eugenol, also called clove oil, is an aromatic oil extracted from cloves that is used widely as a flavoring for foods and teas and as an herbal oil used topically to treat toothache and more rarely to be taken orally to treat gastrointestinal and respiratory complaints. Eugenol in therapeutic doses has not been implicated in causing serum enzyme elevations or clinically apparent liver injury, but ingestions of high doses, as with an overdose, can cause severe liver injury. Eugenol is a natural product found in Dahlia sherffii, Elettaria cardamomum, and other organisms with data available. Eugenol is an allyl chain-substituted guaiacol, i.e. 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)phenol. Eugenol is a member of the allylbenzene class of chemical compounds. It is a clear to pale yellow oily liquid extracted from certain essential oils especially from clove oil, nutmeg, cinnamon, and bay leaf. It is slightly soluble in water and soluble in organic solvents. It has a pleasant, spicy, clove-like odor. Eugenol is used in perfumeries, flavorings, essential oils and in medicine as a local antiseptic and anaesthetic. It was used in the production of isoeugenol for the manufacture of vanillin, though most vanillin is now produced from petrochemicals or from by-products of paper manufacture (Wikipedia). 4-Allyl-2-methoxyphenol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A cinnamate derivative of the shikimate pathway found in CLOVE OIL and other PLANTS. See also: Cinnamon (part of); Clove Oil (part of); Cinnamon Leaf Oil (part of) ... View More ... Eugenol is an allyl chain-substituted guaiacol. Eugenol is a member of the phenylpropanoids class of chemical compounds. It is a clear to pale yellow oily liquid extracted from certain essential oils especially from clove oil, nutmeg, cinnamon, and bay leaf. It is slightly soluble in water and soluble in organic solvents. It has a pleasant, spicy, clove-like aroma. Eugenol is an allyl chain-substituted guaiacol, i.e. 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)phenol. It is a clear to pale yellow oily liquid extracted from certain essential oils especially from clove oil, nutmeg, cinnamon, and bay leaf. Eugenol is used in perfumeries, flavorings, essential oils and in medicine as a local antiseptic and anaesthetic. It was used in the production of isoeugenol for the manufacture of vanillin, though most vanillin is now produced from petrochemicals or from by-products of paper manufacture (Wikipedia). Eugenol is used in perfumeries, flavorings, essential oils and in medicine as a local antiseptic and anesthetic. It is a key ingredient in Indonesian kretek (clove) cigarettes. It was used in the production of isoeugenol for the manufacture of vanillin, though most vanillin is now produced from phenol or from lignin. It is one of many compounds that is attractive to males of various species of orchid bees, who apparently gather the chemical to synthesize pheromones; it is commonly used as bait to attract and collect these bees for study. Eugenol has a very widespread occurrence in essential oils. Major component of clove oil. Also found in citrus and thyme oils. It is found in foods such as apple, apricot, banana and cherry fruits. Eugenol or 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol is classified as a phenylpropanoid, formally derived from guaiacol, with an allyl chain positioned para to the hydroxy group. It is soluble in water, alcohol, chloroform, ether and oils. Eugenol is a neutral compound. It is biosynthesized from tyrosine. Eugenol is widely distributed in plants. It is a clear to pale yellow oily liquid extracted from clove oil, nutmeg, cinnamon, basil and bay leaf. It has a pleasant, spicy, clove-like odor with a spicy pungent taste. Eugenol is found in highest concentrations in cloves, allspices, and carrots and in lower concentrations in walnuts, ceylon cinnamons, and wild carrots. Eugenol has also been detected in shea tree, passion fruits, winged beans, fireweeds, and gingers, making it a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Eugenol is used in perfumeries, flavorings and essential oils. It was first used for the manufacture of vanillin (https://doi.org/10.1021/ed054p776), though most vanillin is now produced from petrochemicals or from by-products of paper manufacture. Eugenol is hepatotoxic, meaning it may cause damage to the liver, if consumed in high doses. Eugenol has local antiseptic and anaesthetic properties (PMID:15089054 ; PMID:935250 ) and acts as positive allosteric modulators of the GABA-A receptor. It has high antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory activities with potential roles in alleviating and preventing cancer and inflammatory reactions (PMID:27771920 ). A phenylpropanoid formally derived from guaiacol with an allyl chain substituted para to the hydroxy group. It is a major component of clove essential oil, and exhibits antibacterial, analgesic and antioxidant properties. It has been widely used in dentistry to treat toothache and pulpitis. C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C245 - Anesthetic Agent D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents D012997 - Solvents [Raw Data] CB226_Eugenol_pos_10eV_CB000079.txt [Raw Data] CB226_Eugenol_pos_20eV_CB000079.txt [Raw Data] CB226_Eugenol_pos_40eV_CB000079.txt [Raw Data] CB226_Eugenol_pos_50eV_CB000079.txt [Raw Data] CB226_Eugenol_pos_30eV_CB000079.txt Eugenol is an essential oil found in cloves with antibacterial, anthelmintic and antioxidant activity. Eugenol is shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation. Eugenol is an essential oil found in cloves with antibacterial, anthelmintic and antioxidant activity. Eugenol is shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation.

3,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde

C7H6O3 (138.03169259999999)

Protocatechualdehyde, also known as rancinamycin iv or 1,2-dihydroxy-4-formylbenzene, is a member of the class of compounds known as hydroxybenzaldehydes. Hydroxybenzaldehydes are organic aromatic compounds containing a benzene ring carrying an aldehyde group and a hydroxyl group. Protocatechualdehyde is soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Protocatechualdehyde is an almond, bitter, and dry tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as plains prickly pear, mugwort, silver linden, and cardamom, which makes protocatechualdehyde a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Protocatechualdehyde can be found primarily in urine. This molecule can be used as a precursor in the vanillin synthesis by biotransformation by cell cultures of Capsicum frutescens, a type of Chili pepper. It is also found in the mushroom Phellinus linteus . 3,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde, also known as protocatechuic aldehyde, is a phenolic aldehyde, a compound released from cork stoppers into wine. This molecule can be used as a precursor in vanillin synthesis via biotransformation by cell cultures of Capsicum frutescens, a type of chili pepper. It is also found in the mushroom Phellinus linteus (Wikipedia). D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D000925 - Anticoagulants Protocatechualdehyde (Catechaldehyde), a natural polyphenol compound isolated from the roots of radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, is associated with a wide variety of biological activities and has been widely used in medicine as an antioxidant, anti-aging, an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agent[1]. Protocatechualdehyde (Catechaldehyde), a natural polyphenol compound isolated from the roots of radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, is associated with a wide variety of biological activities and has been widely used in medicine as an antioxidant, anti-aging, an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agent[1].

Behenic acid

C22H44O2 (340.3341124)

Behenic acid, also known as docosanoate or 1-docosanoic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as very long-chain fatty acids. Very long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains at least 22 carbon atoms. Thus, behenic acid is considered to be a fatty acid lipid molecule. Behenic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Behenic acid can be found in a number of food items such as rice, opium poppy, pepper (c. frutescens), and gram bean, which makes behenic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Behenic acid can be found primarily in blood, feces, and urine. Behenic acid (also docosanoic acid) is a carboxylic acid, the saturated fatty acid with formula C21H43COOH. In appearance, it consists of white to cream color crystals or powder with a melting point of 80 °C and boiling point of 306 °C . Behenic acid, also docosanoic acid, is a normal carboxylic acid, a fatty acid with formula C21H43COOH. It is an important constituent of the behen oil extracted from the seeds of the Ben-oil tree, and it is so named from the Persian month Bahman when the roots of this tree were harvested. Behenic acid has been identified in the human placenta (PMID:32033212). Docosanoic acid is poorly absorbed, and a cholesterol-raising saturated fatty acid in humans. Docosanoic acid is poorly absorbed, and a cholesterol-raising saturated fatty acid in humans.

Neoxanthin

C40H56O4 (600.4178376)

Neoxanthin belongs to the class of organic compounds known as xanthophylls. These are carotenoids containing an oxygenated carotene backbone. Carotenes are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Xanthophylls arise by oxygenation of the carotene backbone. Neoxanthin is an intermediate in the synthesis of abscisic acid from violaxanthin. Neoxanthin has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as apples, paprikas, Valencia oranges, kiwis, globe artichokes, sparkleberries, hard wheat, and cinnamon. This could make neoxanthin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Neoxanthin has been shown to exhibit apoptotic and anti-proliferative functions (PMID: 15333710, 15333710). Neoxanthin is a carotenoid and xanthophyll. In plants, it is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone abscisic acid. It is produced from violaxanthin by the action of neoxanthin synthase. It is a major xanthophyll found in green leafy vegetables such as spinach. [Wikipedia] D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

Violaxanthin

C40H56O4 (600.4178376)

Violaxanthin belongs to the class of organic compounds known as xanthophylls. These are carotenoids containing an oxygenated carotene backbone. Carotenes are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Xanthophylls arise by oxygenation of the carotene backbone. Thus, violaxanthin is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Violaxanthin is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Violaxanthin is an orange-coloured pigment that is found in brown algae and various plants (e.g. pansies). It is biosynthesized from the epoxidation of zeaxanthin. Violaxanthin is a food additive that is only approved for use in Australia and New Zealand (INS: 161e) (PMID: 29890662). 3 (violaxanthin, zeaxanthin and antheraxanthin) participate in series of photo-induced interconversions known as violaxanthin cycle; Xanthophyll; a carotene epoxide that is precursor to capsanthin; cleavage of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoids (violaxanthin) to xanthoxin, catalyzed by 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase, is the key regulatory step of abscisic acid biosynthesis; one of 3 xanthophylls involved in evolution of plastids of green plants (oxygen evolution). (all-E)-Violaxanthin is found in many foods, some of which are orange bell pepper, passion fruit, pepper (c. annuum), and italian sweet red pepper. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

zeinoxanthin

C40H56O (552.4330926)

D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

echinenone

C40H54O (550.4174434)

A carotenone that is beta-carotene in which the 4 position has undergone formal oxidation to afford the corresponding ketone. Isolated as orange-red crystals, it is widely distributed in marine invertebrates. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids Window width for selecting the precursor ion was 3 Da.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 16HP2005 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan.

Lutein 5,6-epoxide

C40H56O3 (584.4229226)

Lutein; 5,6-Epoxide is found in common grape. Paprika oleoresin (also known as paprika extract) is an oil soluble extract from the fruits of Capsicum Annum Linn or Capsicum Frutescens(Indian red chillies), and is primarily used as a colouring and/or flavouring in food products. It is composed of capsaicin, the main flavouring compound giving pungency in higher concentrations, and capsanthin and capsorubin, the main colouring compounds (among other carotenoids). Isolated from a variety of higher plants and from algae. Taraxanthin was a mixture with lutein epoxide as the main component. [CCD]. Lutein 5,6-epoxide is found in many foods, some of which are rice, swamp cabbage, garden tomato (variety), and common grape.

Rhodoxanthin

C40H50O2 (562.3810599999999)

D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

Benzyl alcohol

C7H8O (108.0575118)

Benzyl alcohol is a colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with Lidocaine injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutical aid, and in perfumery and flavoring. Benzyl Alcohol is an aromatic alcohol used in a wide variety of cosmetic formulations as a fragrance component, preservative, solvent, and viscosity-decreasing agent. Benzyl alcohol is metabolized to Benzoic Acid, which reacts with glycine and excreted as hippuric acid in the human body. Acceptable daily intakes were established by the World Health Organization at 5 mg/kg for Benzyl alcohol. No adverse effects of benzyl alcohol have been seen in chronic exposure animal studies using rats and mice. Effects of Benzyl Alcohol in chronic exposure animal studies are limited to reduced feed intake and reduced growth. Some differences have been noted in one reproductive toxicity study using mice, but these were limited to lower maternal body weights and decreased mean litter weights. Another study also noted that fetal weight was decreased compared to controls, but a third study showed no differences between control and benzyl alcohol-treated groups. Benzyl alcohol has been associated with an increased number of resorptions and malformations in hamsters, but there have been no reproductive or developmental toxicity findings in studies using mice and rats. Genotoxicity tests for benzyl alcohol are mostly negative, but there were some assays that were positive. Carcinogenicity studies, however, were negative. Clinical data indicates that benzyl alcohol can produce nonimmunologic contact urticaria and nonimmunologic immediate contact reactions, characterized by the appearance of wheals, erythema, and pruritis. 5\\\\% benzyl alcohol can elicit a reaction. Benzyl alcohol is not a sensitizer at 10\\\\%. Benzyl alcohol could be used safely at concentrations up to 5\\\\%, but that manufacturers should consider the nonimmunologic phenomena when using benzyl alcohol in cosmetic formulations designed for infants and children. Additionally, Benzyl alcohol is considered safe up to 10\\\\% for use in hair dyes. The limited body exposure, the duration of use, and the frequency of use are considered in concluding that the nonimmunologic reactions would not be a concern. Because of the wide variety of product types in which benzyl alcohol may be used, it is likely that inhalation may be a route of exposure. The available safety tests are not considered sufficient to support the safety of benzyl alcohol in formulations where inhalation is a route of exposure. Inhalation toxicity data are needed to complete the safety assessment of benzyl alcohol where inhalation can occur. (PMID:11766131). Constituent of jasmine and other ethereal oils, both free and as estersand is also present in cherry, orange juice, mandarin peel oil, guava fruit, feijoa fruit, pineapple, leek, cinnamon, cloves, mustard, fermented tea, basil and red sage. Flavouring ingredient P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P03 - Ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides, insecticides and repellents > P03A - Ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D000777 - Anesthetics D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C28394 - Topical Anti-Infective Agent COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Benzyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol, a colorless liquid with a mild aromatic odor. Benzyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol, a colorless liquid with a mild aromatic odor.

Dattelic acid

C16H16O8 (336.0845136)

Isolated from Pteridium aquilinum (bracken fern) and from unripe dates (tentative ident.). Dattelic acid is found in many foods, some of which are green vegetables, fruits, date, and blackcurrant. Dattelic acid is found in blackcurrant. Dattelic acid is isolated from Pteridium aquilinum (bracken fern) and from unripe dates (tentative ident.). 5-O-Caffeoylshikimic acid can be used in the study for NSCLC[1][2]. 5-O-Caffeoylshikimic acid can be used in the study for NSCLC[1][2].

Tridecane

C13H28 (184.2190888)

Tridecane appears as an oily straw yellow clear liquid with a hydrocarbon odor. Flash point 190-196 °F. Specific gravity 0.76. Boiling point 456 °F. Repeated or prolonged skin contact may irritate or redden skin, progressing to dermatitis. Exposure to high concentrations of vapor may result in headache and stupor. Tridecane is a straight chain alkane containing 13 carbon atoms. It forms a component of the essential oils isolated from plants such as Abelmoschus esculentus. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a volatile oil component. Tridecane is a natural product found in Dryopteris assimilis, Thyanta perditor, and other organisms with data available. Tridecane is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)11CH3. Tridecane is found in allspice and it is also isolated from lime oil. It is a light, combustible colourless liquid that is used in the manufacture of paraffin products, the paper processing industry, in jet fuel research and in the rubber industry; furthermore, tridecane is used as a solvent and distillation chaser. n-tridecane is also one of the major chemicals secreted by some insects as a defense against predators. Tridecane has 802 constitutional isomers A straight chain alkane containing 13 carbon atoms. It forms a component of the essential oils isolated from plants such as Abelmoschus esculentus. Isolated from lime oil Tridecane is a short chain aliphatic hydrocarbon containing 13 carbon atoms. Tridecane is an volatile oil component isolated from essential oil of Piper aduncum L. Tridecane is a stress compound released by the brown marmorated stink bugs stress compound[1][2]. Tridecane is a short chain aliphatic hydrocarbon containing 13 carbon atoms. Tridecane is an volatile oil component isolated from essential oil of Piper aduncum L. Tridecane is a stress compound released by the brown marmorated stink bugs stress compound[1][2].

4-hydroxy-4-methylglutamate

C6H11NO5 (177.0637196)

A glutamic acid derivative that is L-glutamic acid with a methyl and a hydroxy group replacing the two hydrogens at position 4.

Pentadecane

C15H32 (212.2503872)

Pentadecane, also known as ch3-[ch2]13-ch3, is a member of the class of compounds known as alkanes. Alkanes are acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2 , and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms. Thus, pentadecane is considered to be a hydrocarbon lipid molecule. Pentadecane is an alkane and waxy tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as dill, papaya, yellow bell pepper, and pepper (c. annuum), which makes pentadecane a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Pentadecane can be found primarily in saliva. Pentadecane is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Pentadecane is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C15H32 . Pentadecane belongs to the family of Acyclic Alkanes. These are acyclic hydrocarbons consisting only of n carbon atoms and m hydrogen atoms where m=2*n + 2

Fernene

C30H50 (410.39123)

Biflorin

C16H18O9 (354.0950778)

Biflorin is an o-naphthoquinone isolated from Capraria biflora L. (Scrophulariaceae, a perennial shrub widely distributed in several countries of tropical America). Biflorin has cytotoxic and antioxidant potential, strongly inhibiting the growth of five tested tumor cell lines, especially the skin, breast and colon cancer cells with IC50 of 0.40, 0.43 and 0.88 micro/ml for B16, MCF-7 and HCT-8, respectively, while the antioxidant activity was assayed against autoxidation of oleic acid in a water/alcohol system. (PMID: 16042338). Constituent of Eugenia caryophyllata (clove)

Aspidin

C25H32O8 (460.20970719999997)

Aspidin is a carboxylic ester. It is functionally related to a phloroglucinol. Aspidin is a natural product found in Dryopteris fragrans with data available. Aspidin BB is a phloroglucinol derivative, which can be isolated from the aerial part of Dryopteris championii. Aspidin BB has anticancer activity. Aspidin BB induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human ovarian HO-8910 cells[1][2]. Aspidin BB is a phloroglucinol derivative, which can be isolated from the aerial part of Dryopteris championii. Aspidin BB has anticancer activity. Aspidin BB induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human ovarian HO-8910 cells[1][2].

Aspidinol

C12H16O4 (224.10485359999998)

Filicin

C36H44O12 (668.2832624)

ALBASPIDIN

C25H32O8 (460.20970719999997)

Tetradecane

C14H30 (198.234738)

Tetradecane, also known as CH3-[CH2]12-CH3, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alkanes. These are acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2 , and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms. Tetradecane is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Thus, tetradecane is considered to be a hydrocarbon lipid molecule. Tetradecane is a mild, alkane, and waxy tasting compound. Tetradecane is found, on average, in the highest concentration within black walnuts. Tetradecane has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as lemon balms, common buckwheats, cucumbers, allspices, and green bell peppers. This could make tetradecane a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Tetradecane, with regard to humans, has been found to be associated with several diseases such as crohns disease, ulcerative colitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and asthma; tetradecane has also been linked to the inborn metabolic disorder celiac disease. These are acyclic hydrocarbons consisting only of n carbon atoms and m hydrogen atoms where m=2*n + 2. TETRADECANE, also known as N-tetradecane or ch3-[ch2]12-ch3, is a member of the class of compounds known as alkanes. Alkanes are acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2 , and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms. Thus, tetradecane is considered to be a hydrocarbon lipid molecule. TETRADECANE is a mild, alkane, and waxy tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as sweet bay, summer savory, green bell pepper, and lemon balm, which makes tetradecane a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Tetradecane can be found primarily in feces and saliva. Tetradecane is an alkane containing 14 carbon atoms[1].

(+)-alpha-Muurolene

C15H24 (204.18779039999998)

(+)-alpha-Muurolene is isolated from various plant oils including Pinus mugo (dwarf mountain pine). Isolated from various plant oils including Pinus mugo (dwarf mountain pine)

(S)-5,7-Dihydroxy-6,8-dimethylflavanone

C17H16O4 (284.1048536)

(S)-5,7-Dihydroxy-6,8-dimethylflavanone is found in fruits. (S)-5,7-Dihydroxy-6,8-dimethylflavanone is isolated from Eugenia javanica (Java apple

Isobiflorin

C16H18O9 (354.0950778)

Constituent of Syzygium aromaticum (clove). Isobiflorin is found in herbs and spices and cloves. Isobiflorin is found in cloves. Isobiflorin is a constituent of Syzygium aromaticum (clove).

(+)-Catechin 6-C-glucoside

C21H24O11 (452.13185539999995)

(+)-Catechin 6-C-glucoside is found in green vegetables. (+)-Catechin 6-C-glucoside is isolated from Rheum sp. (rhubarb). Isolated from Rheum species (rhubarb). Catechin 6-C-glucoside is found in green vegetables.

Carissic acid

C30H48O3 (456.36032579999994)

Ustiloxin E is found in cereals and cereal products. Ustiloxin E is isolated from the false smut balls caused by Ustilaginoidea virens on rice. Constituent of Carissa carandas (karanda). Carissic acid is found in beverages and fruits.

3h-Sucrose

C12H22O11 (342.11620619999997)

Sweetening agent and food source assimilated by most organismsand is also used in food products as a preservative, antioxidant, moisture control agent, stabiliser and thickening agent. Widespread in seeds, leaves, fruits, flowers and roots of plants, where it functions as an energy store for metabolism and as a carbon source for biosynth. Annual world production is in excess of 90 x 106 tons mainly from the juice of sugar cane and sugar beet which contain respectively ca. 20\\% and ca. 17\\% of the sugar. Sucrose is found in many foods, some of which are rowanberry, brassicas, calabash, and hedge mustard.

1-Heptadecene

C17H34 (238.2660364)

1-heptadecene is a member of the class of compounds known as unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons. Unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons are aliphatic Hydrocarbons that contains one or more unsaturated carbon atoms. These compounds contain one or more double or triple bonds. Thus, 1-heptadecene is considered to be a hydrocarbon lipid molecule. 1-heptadecene can be found in burdock and safflower, which makes 1-heptadecene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

zeinoxanthin

C40H56O (552.4330926)

Zeinoxanthin is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Zeinoxanthin can be found in a number of food items such as mentha (mint), peppermint, barley, and feijoa, which makes zeinoxanthin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

C14:0

C14H28O2 (228.20891880000002)

Myristic acid is a saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. Myristic acid is a saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils.

3,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde

C7H6O3 (138.03169259999999)

Protocatechualdehyde, also known as rancinamycin iv or 1,2-dihydroxy-4-formylbenzene, is a member of the class of compounds known as hydroxybenzaldehydes. Hydroxybenzaldehydes are organic aromatic compounds containing a benzene ring carrying an aldehyde group and a hydroxyl group. Protocatechualdehyde is soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Protocatechualdehyde is an almond, bitter, and dry tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as plains prickly pear, mugwort, silver linden, and cardamom, which makes protocatechualdehyde a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Protocatechualdehyde can be found primarily in urine. This molecule can be used as a precursor in the vanillin synthesis by biotransformation by cell cultures of Capsicum frutescens, a type of Chili pepper. It is also found in the mushroom Phellinus linteus . 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde is a dihydroxybenzaldehyde. Also known as protocatechuic aldehyde, protocatechualdehyde is a naturally-occuring phenolic aldehyde that is found in barley, green cavendish bananas, grapevine leaves and root of the herb S. miltiorrhiza. Protocatechualdehyde possesses antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic properties against human breast cancer cells and colorectal cancer cells by reducing the expression of pro-oncogenes β-catenin and cyclin D1. 3,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde is a natural product found in Visnea mocanera, Amomum subulatum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Black Cohosh (part of). 3,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde, also known as protocatechuic aldehyde, is a phenolic aldehyde, a compound released from cork stoppers into wine. This molecule can be used as a precursor in vanillin synthesis via biotransformation by cell cultures of Capsicum frutescens, a type of chili pepper. It is also found in the mushroom Phellinus linteus (Wikipedia). D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D000925 - Anticoagulants Protocatechualdehyde (Catechaldehyde), a natural polyphenol compound isolated from the roots of radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, is associated with a wide variety of biological activities and has been widely used in medicine as an antioxidant, anti-aging, an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agent[1]. Protocatechualdehyde (Catechaldehyde), a natural polyphenol compound isolated from the roots of radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, is associated with a wide variety of biological activities and has been widely used in medicine as an antioxidant, anti-aging, an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agent[1].

Sutchuenoside A

C29H32O15 (620.1741122)

Ursolic Acid

C30H48O3 (456.36032579999994)

Origin: Plant; SubCategory_DNP: Triterpenoids relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.636 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.640 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.638 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.642 Ursolic acid (Prunol) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acid, exerts anti-tumor effects and is an effective compound for cancer prevention and therapy. Ursolic acid (Prunol) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acid, exerts anti-tumor effects and is an effective compound for cancer prevention and therapy.

Palmitic Acid

C16H32O2 (256.2402172)

COVID info from WikiPathways D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

Dryopteric acid

C17H16O8 (348.0845136)

Flavaspidic acid BB

C24H30O8 (446.194058)

sitosterol

C29H50O (414.386145)

A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28178 - Phytosterol > C68437 - Unsaturated Phytosterol D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1]. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1].

Matteucinol

C18H18O5 (314.1154178)

A dihydroxyflavanone that is (2S)-flavanone with hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7, methyl groups at positions 6 and 8 and a methoxy group at position 4.

6-C-Glucopyranosylcatechin

C21H24O11 (452.13185539999995)

Lespedin

C27H30O14 (578.163548)

Annotation level-1 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Kaempferitrin is a natural flavonoid, possesses antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antitumoral and chemopreventive effects, and activates insulin signaling pathway. Kaempferitrin is a natural flavonoid, possesses antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antitumoral and chemopreventive effects, and activates insulin signaling pathway.

Flavaspidic acid AB

C22H26O8 (418.1627596)

A polyphenol that is a phloroglucinol derivative isolated from the rhizomes of Dryopteris crassirhizoma and has been shown to exhibit radical scavenging and antibacterial activity.

Neoxanthin

C40H56O4 (600.4178376)

9-cis-neoxanthin is a neoxanthin in which all of the double bonds have trans geometry except for that at the 9 position, which is cis. It is a 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid and a neoxanthin. Neoxanthin is a natural product found in Hibiscus syriacus, Cladonia rangiferina, and other organisms with data available. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

Chlorogenic Acid

C16H18O9 (354.0950778)

IPB_RECORD: 1901; CONFIDENCE confident structure Chlorogenic acid is a major phenolic compound in Lonicera japonica Thunb.. It plays several important and therapeutic roles such as antioxidant activity, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-hypertension. Chlorogenic acid is a major phenolic compound in Lonicera japonica Thunb. It is an orally active antioxidant activity, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-hypertension compound[1][2][3]. Chlorogenic acid is a major phenolic compound in Lonicera japonica Thunb.. It plays several important and therapeutic roles such as antioxidant activity, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-hypertension.

LEPTORUMOL

C11H10O4 (206.057906)

A member of the class of chromones that is chromone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7 and methyl groups at positions 6 and 8 respectively. It has been isolated from Pisonia aculeata.

1-(2,4,6-TRIMETHOXYPHENYL)BUT-2-EN-1-ONE

C13H16O4 (236.10485359999998)

Desaspidin

C24H30O8 (446.194058)

P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P02 - Anthelmintics > P02D - Anticestodals C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C276 - Antiparasitic Agent > C250 - Antihelminthic Agent

Flavaspidic acid

C24H30O8 (446.194058)

Squalene

C30H50 (410.39123)

Squalene, also known as (e,e,e,e)-squalene or all-trans-squalene, is a member of the class of compounds known as triterpenoids. Triterpenoids are terpene molecules containing six isoprene units. Squalene can be found in a number of food items such as apricot, savoy cabbage, peach (variety), and bitter gourd, which makes squalene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Squalene can be found primarily in blood, feces, and sweat, as well as throughout most human tissues. In humans, squalene is involved in several metabolic pathways, some of which include risedronate action pathway, steroid biosynthesis, alendronate action pathway, and fluvastatin action pathway. Squalene is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include cholesteryl ester storage disease, CHILD syndrome, hyper-igd syndrome, and wolman disease. Squalene is a natural 30-carbon organic compound originally obtained for commercial purposes primarily from shark liver oil (hence its name, as Squalus is a genus of sharks), although plant sources (primarily vegetable oils) are now used as well, including amaranth seed, rice bran, wheat germ, and olives. Yeast cells have been genetically engineered to produce commercially useful quantities of "synthetic" squalene . COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Window width to select the precursor ion was 3 Da.; CONE_VOLTAGE was 20 V.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 19HP8024 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan. Squalene is an intermediate product in the synthesis of cholesterol, and shows several pharmacological properties such as hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antioxidant, and antitoxicant activity. Squalene also has anti-fungal activity and can be used for the research of Trichophyton mentagrophytes research[2]. Squalene is an intermediate product in the synthesis of cholesterol, and shows several pharmacological properties such as hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antioxidant, and antitoxicant activity. Squalene also has anti-fungal activity and can be used for the research of Trichophyton mentagrophytes research[2].

Filixic acid BBB

C36H44O12 (668.2832624)

Flavaspidic acid PB

C23H28O8 (432.1784088)

A polyphenol that is a phloroglucinol derivative isolated from the rhizomes of Dryopteris crassirhizoma and has been shown to exhibit radical scavenging and antibacterial activity.

AlbaspidinAA

C21H24O8 (404.1471104)

Albaspidin AA is a natural product found in Dryopteris hawaiiensis and Hypericum drummondii with data available.

Campesterol

C28H48O (400.37049579999996)

Disclaimer: While authors make an effort to ensure that the content of this record is accurate, the authors make no representations or warranties in relation to the accuracy or completeness of the record. This record do not reflect any viewpoints of the affiliation and organization to which the authors belong. Campesterol is a plant sterol with cholesterol lowering and anticarcinogenic effects. Campesterol is a plant sterol with cholesterol lowering and anticarcinogenic effects.

β-Carotene

C40H56 (536.4381776)

The novel carbohydrate-derived b-carboline, 1-pentahydroxypentyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-b-carboline-3-carboxylic acid, was identified in fruit- and vegetable-derived products such as juices, jams, and tomato sauces. This compound occurred as two diastereoisomers, a cis isomer (the major compound) and a trans isomer, ranging from undetectable amounts to 6.5 ug/g. Grape, tomato, pineapple, and tropical juices exhibited the highest amount of this alkaloid (up to 3.8 mg/L), whereas apple, banana, and peach juices showed very low or nondetectable levels. This tetrahydro-b-carboline was also found in jams (up to 0.45 ug/g), and a relative high amount was present in tomato concentrate (6.5 ug/g) and sauce (up to 1.8 ug/g). This b-carboline occurred in fruit-derived products as a glycoconjugate from a chemical condensation of d-glucose and l-tryptophan that is highly favored at low pH values and high temperature. Production, processing treatments, and storage of fruit juices and jams can then release this b-carboline. Fruit-derived products and other foods containing this compound might be an exogenous dietary source of this glucose-derived tetrahydro-b-carboline.(PMID: 12137498) [HMDB] Window width to select the precursor ion was 3 Da.; CONE_VOLTAGE is 20 V.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 19HP8024 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan. D - Dermatologicals > D02 - Emollients and protectives > D02B - Protectives against uv-radiation > D02BB - Protectives against uv-radiation for systemic use A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A11 - Vitamins > A11C - Vitamin a and d, incl. combinations of the two > A11CA - Vitamin a, plain D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins > D000072664 - Provitamins Window width to select the precursor ion was 3 Da.; CONE_VOLTAGE is 10 V.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 19HP8024 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan.

benzyl alcohol

C7H8O (108.0575118)

Benzyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol, a colorless liquid with a mild aromatic odor. Benzyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol, a colorless liquid with a mild aromatic odor.

Sucrose

C12H22O11 (342.11620619999997)

D000074385 - Food Ingredients > D005503 - Food Additives D010592 - Pharmaceutic Aids > D005421 - Flavoring Agents COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

Kaempferitrin

C27H30O14 (578.163548)

Kaempferitrin is a chemical compound. It can be isolated from the leaves of Hedyotis verticillata. Kaempferitrin is found in tea and linden. CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2351 Kaempferitrin is a natural flavonoid, possesses antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antitumoral and chemopreventive effects, and activates insulin signaling pathway. Kaempferitrin is a natural flavonoid, possesses antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antitumoral and chemopreventive effects, and activates insulin signaling pathway.

protocatechuic aldehyde

C7H6O3 (138.03169259999999)

Protocatechualdehyde (Catechaldehyde), a natural polyphenol compound isolated from the roots of radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, is associated with a wide variety of biological activities and has been widely used in medicine as an antioxidant, anti-aging, an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agent[1]. Protocatechualdehyde (Catechaldehyde), a natural polyphenol compound isolated from the roots of radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, is associated with a wide variety of biological activities and has been widely used in medicine as an antioxidant, anti-aging, an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agent[1].

Myristic Acid

C14H28O2 (228.20891880000002)

Myristic acid is a saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. Myristic acid is a saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils.

Behenic acid

C22H44O2 (340.3341124)

A straight-chain, C22, long-chain saturated fatty acid. Docosanoic acid is poorly absorbed, and a cholesterol-raising saturated fatty acid in humans. Docosanoic acid is poorly absorbed, and a cholesterol-raising saturated fatty acid in humans.

stearic acid

C18H36O2 (284.2715156)

Stearic acid is a long chain dietary saturated fatty acid which exists in many animal and vegetable fats and oils. Stearic acid is a long chain dietary saturated fatty acid which exists in many animal and vegetable fats and oils.

Oleic acid

C18H34O2 (282.2558664)

An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry. Oleic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=112-80-1 (retrieved 2024-07-16) (CAS RN: 112-80-1). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Elaidic acid is the major trans fat found in hydrogenated vegetable oils and can be used as a pharmaceutical solvent. Elaidic acid is the major trans fat found in hydrogenated vegetable oils and can be used as a pharmaceutical solvent. Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid[1]. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator[2]. Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid[1]. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator[2].

Palmitoleic acid

C16H30O2 (254.224568)

A hexadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at position C-9 has cis configuration. In humans fatty acids are predominantly formed in the liver and adipose tissue, and mammary glands during lactation. Trans-hexa-dec-2-enoic acid is an intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis. Specifically, trans-hexa-dec-2-enoic acid converted from (R)-3-Hydroxy-hexadecanoic acid via two enzymes; fatty-acid Synthase and 3- Hydroxypalmitoyl- [acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase (EC: 2.3.1.85 and EC: 4.2.1.61). [HMDB] Cis-9-palmitoleic acid, also known as palmitoleate or (Z)-9-hexadecenoic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Thus, cis-9-palmitoleic acid is considered to be a fatty acid lipid molecule. Cis-9-palmitoleic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Cis-9-palmitoleic acid can be found in a number of food items such as red huckleberry, highbush blueberry, butternut, and macadamia nut (m. tetraphylla), which makes cis-9-palmitoleic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Cis-9-palmitoleic acid can be found primarily in most biofluids, including blood, saliva, feces, and urine, as well as in human adipose tissue, prostate and skeletal muscle tissues. Cis-9-palmitoleic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Moreover, cis-9-palmitoleic acid is found to be associated with isovaleric acidemia. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 900; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5949; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5948 INTERNAL_ID 900; CONFIDENCE standard compound; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5959; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5958 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 900; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5959; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5958 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 900; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5926; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5924 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 900; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5944; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5943 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 900; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5997; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5996 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 900; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5943; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5941 Palmitoleic acid, a composition of fatty acid, is implicated in the prevention of death from cerebrovascular disorders in SHRSP rats. Palmitoleic acid, a composition of fatty acid, is implicated in the prevention of death from cerebrovascular disorders in SHRSP rats.

2-acetyl-4-[(3-butanoyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-6,6-dimethylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one

C22H26O8 (418.1627596)

5,7-dihydroxy-2-methyl-8-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one

C16H18O9 (354.0950778)

Violaxanthin

C40H56O4 (600.4178376)

D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids Cucurbitachrome 1 is a member of the class of compounds known as xanthophylls. Xanthophylls are carotenoids containing an oxygenated carotene backbone. Carotenes are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Carotenes belonging form a subgroup of the carotenoids family. Xanthophylls arise by oxygenation of the carotene backbone. Cucurbitachrome 1 is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Cucurbitachrome 1 can be found in a number of food items such as italian sweet red pepper, herbs and spices, fruits, and red bell pepper, which makes cucurbitachrome 1 a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. (all-e)-violaxanthin is a member of the class of compounds known as xanthophylls. Xanthophylls are carotenoids containing an oxygenated carotene backbone. Carotenes are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Carotenes belonging form a subgroup of the carotenoids family. Xanthophylls arise by oxygenation of the carotene backbone (all-e)-violaxanthin is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). (all-e)-violaxanthin can be found in a number of food items such as orange bell pepper, green bell pepper, passion fruit, and yellow bell pepper, which makes (all-e)-violaxanthin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

Cryptoxanthin

C40H56O (552.4330926)

Isolated from papaya (Carica papaya) and many other higher plants, also from fish eggs [DFC]. beta-Cryptoxanthin is found in many foods, some of which are smelt, soy yogurt, common carp, and rose hip.

Zeaxanthin

C40H56O2 (568.4280076)

Meso-zeaxanthin (3R,3´S-zeaxanthin) is a xanthophyll carotenoid, as it contains oxygen and hydrocarbons, and is one of the three stereoisomers of zeaxanthin. Of the three stereoisomers, meso-zeaxanthin is the second most abundant in nature after 3R,3´R-zeaxanthin, which is produced by plants and algae. To date, meso-zeaxanthin has been identified in specific tissues of marine organisms and in the macula lutea, also known as the "yellow spot", of the human retina . Meso-zeaxanthin is a member of the class of compounds known as xanthophylls. Xanthophylls are carotenoids containing an oxygenated carotene backbone. Carotenes are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Carotenes belonging form a subgroup of the carotenoids family. Xanthophylls arise by oxygenation of the carotene backbone. Meso-zeaxanthin is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Meso-zeaxanthin can be found in channel catfish, crustaceans, and fishes, which makes meso-zeaxanthin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids Window width for selecting the precursor ion was 3 Da.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 16HP2005 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan.

α-Carotene

C40H56 (536.4381776)

nerol

C10H18O (154.1357578)

Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity[1][2]. Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity[1][2]. Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity[1][2].

3-OCTANOL

C8H18O (130.1357578)

Present in Japanese peppermint oil and many other essential oils. (S)-3-Octanol is found in herbs and spices.

Eugenol

C10H12O2 (164.0837252)

C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C245 - Anesthetic Agent D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents D012997 - Solvents Eugenol is an essential oil found in cloves with antibacterial, anthelmintic and antioxidant activity. Eugenol is shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation. Eugenol is an essential oil found in cloves with antibacterial, anthelmintic and antioxidant activity. Eugenol is shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation.

14-hydroxy-14-(hydroxymethyl)-5,9-dimethyltetracyclo[11.2.1.0¹,¹⁰.0⁴,⁹]hexadecane-5-carboxylic acid

C20H32O4 (336.2300472)

2-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

C13H18O8 (302.1001628)

2-acetyl-6-[(3-butanoyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one

C22H26O8 (418.1627596)

2-{[3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

C12H22O11 (342.11620619999997)

Hexadecanoic acid

C16H32O2 (256.2402172)

Octadecanoic acid

C18H36O2 (284.2715156)

A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics.

Tetradecanoic acid

C14H28O2 (228.20891880000002)

3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde

C7H6O3 (138.03169259999999)

1-OCTEN-3-OL

C8H16O (128.1201086)

Oct-1-en-3-ol, a fatty acid fragrant, is a self-stimulating oxylipin messenger. Oct-1-en-3-ol serves as a signaling molecule in plant cellular responses, plant-herbivore interactions, and plant-plant interactions. Oct-1-en-3-ol causes dopamine neuron degeneration through disruption of dopamine handling[1][2]. Oct-1-en-3-ol, a fatty acid fragrant, is a self-stimulating oxylipin messenger. Oct-1-en-3-ol serves as a signaling molecule in plant cellular responses, plant-herbivore interactions, and plant-plant interactions. Oct-1-en-3-ol causes dopamine neuron degeneration through disruption of dopamine handling[1][2].

Desmethoxymatteucinol

C17H16O4 (284.1048536)

(+)-alpha-Muurolene

C15H24 (204.18779039999998)

Carissic acid

C30H48O3 (456.36032579999994)

Isobiflorin

C16H18O9 (354.0950778)

HEXADECANE

C16H34 (226.2660364)

A straight-chain alkane with 16 carbon atoms. It is a component of essential oil isolated from long pepper.

Tetradecane

C14H30 (198.234738)

A straight chain alkane consisting of 14 carbon atoms. Tetradecane is an alkane containing 14 carbon atoms[1].

C22:0

C22H44O2 (340.3341124)

Docosanoic acid is poorly absorbed, and a cholesterol-raising saturated fatty acid in humans. Docosanoic acid is poorly absorbed, and a cholesterol-raising saturated fatty acid in humans.

Pentadecane

C15H32 (212.2503872)

A straight-chain alkane with 15 carbon atoms. It is a component of volatile oils isolated from plants species like Scandix balansae.

2-aminoethanesulfonic acid

C2H7NO3S (125.0146632)

Hexanol

C6H14O (102.10445940000001)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D000777 - Anesthetics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018680 - Cholinergic Antagonists

linoleic

C18H32O2 (280.2402172)

Linolelaidic acid (Linoelaidic acid), an omega-6 trans fatty acid, acts as a source of energy. Linolelaidic acid is an essential nutrient, adding in enteral, parenteral, and infant formulas. Linolelaidic acid can be used for heart diseases research[1]. Linolelaidic acid (Linoelaidic acid), an omega-6 trans fatty acid, acts as a source of energy. Linolelaidic acid is an essential nutrient, adding in enteral, parenteral, and infant formulas. Linolelaidic acid can be used for heart diseases research[1].

Heptadecene

C17H34 (238.2660364)

Cadinene

C15H24 (204.18779039999998)

Kaempferol-7-rhamnoside

C21H20O10 (432.105642)

Kaempferol-7-O-rhamnoside, isolated from Chimonanthus nitens Oliv. Leaves, is a potent α-glucosidase activity inhibitor. Kaempferol-7-O-rhamnoside has the potential for diabetes[1]. Kaempferol-7-O-rhamnoside, isolated from Chimonanthus nitens Oliv. Leaves, is a potent α-glucosidase activity inhibitor. Kaempferol-7-O-rhamnoside has the potential for diabetes[1].

Biflorin

C16H18O9 (354.0950778)

(2S,4S)-4-amino-2-hydroxy-2-methylpentanedioic acid

C6H11NO5 (177.0637196)

hopan-22-ol

C30H52O (428.4017942)

A hopanoid that is hopane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 22.

octan-3-ol

C8H18O (130.1357578)

A secondary alcohol that is octane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3.

Hexan-1-ol

C6H14O (102.10445940000001)

A primary alcohol that is hexane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.

Oct-1-en-3-ol

C8H16O (128.1201086)

An alkenyl alcohol with a structure based on a C8 unbranched chain with the hydroxy group at C-2 and unsaturation at C-1-C-2. It is a major volatile compound present in many mushrooms and fungi.

2-butanoyl-3,5-dihydroxy-6-{2-[1-(hydroxymethyl)-5,5,8a-trimethyl-1,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-2-yl]ethyl}-4,4-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one

C28H42O5 (458.30320820000003)

2-butanoyl-4-[(2,6-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-4-oxo-5-propanoylcyclohexa-1,5-dien-1-yl)methyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-6,6-dimethylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one

C24H30O8 (446.194058)

2-butanoyl-6-({3-butanoyl-5-[(3-butanoyl-5-{[3-butanoyl-5-({3-butanoyl-5-[(5-butanoyl-2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-6-oxocyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)methyl]-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl}methyl)-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl]methyl}-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl}methyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one

C69H80O24 (1292.503928)

4-butanoyl-6-[(5-butanoyl-3,3-dimethyl-2,4,6-trioxocyclohexyl)methyl]-2,2-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3,5-trione

C25H32O8 (460.20970719999997)

[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2h-1-benzopyran-4-yl]acetic acid

C17H16O8 (348.0845136)

1-{3-[(3-butanoyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylphenyl}butan-1-one

C23H28O8 (432.1784088)

5-hydroxy-1,6-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydroacenaphthylene-3-carboxylic acid

C15H18O3 (246.1255878)

2-[(5-acetyl-2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-6-oxocyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)methyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethyl-6-propanoylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one

C22H26O8 (418.1627596)

2-butanoyl-6-({3-butanoyl-5-[(3-butanoyl-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl}methyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one

C36H44O12 (668.2832624)

citronellol, (+-)-

C10H20O (156.151407)

2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-{[5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,1,4a-trimethyl-6-methylidene-hexahydro-2h-naphthalen-2-yl]oxy}oxane-3,4,5-triol

C21H36O7 (400.2460906)

2-butanoyl-6-{[3-butanoyl-5-({3-butanoyl-5-[(5-butanoyl-2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-6-oxocyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)methyl]-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl}methyl)-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl]methyl}-3,5-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one

C47H56O16 (876.3568176)

(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-2-{[(2s,4ar,4bs,6ar,7r,10as,10bs)-7-[(2r,5r)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-4a,6a-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4b,5,6,7,8,9,10,10a,10b,11-tetradecahydrochrysen-2-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

C36H62O6 (590.4546152)

5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-{[(2s,3s,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}chromen-4-one

C21H20O10 (432.105642)

2-{[7-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-4a,6a-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4b,5,6,7,8,9,10,10a,10b,11-tetradecahydrochrysen-2-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

C36H62O6 (590.4546152)

2-butanoyl-6-[(3-butanoyl-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one

C24H30O8 (446.194058)

(1r,4s,11r)-4,6,6,11-tetramethyltricyclo[5.4.0.0⁴,⁸]undecan-1-ol

C15H26O (222.1983546)

{8-[5,13-bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6,9,17,19,21-pentahydroxy-4,12,14-trioxapentacyclo[11.7.1.0²,¹¹.0³,⁸.0¹⁵,²⁰]henicosa-2,8,10,15,17,19-hexaen-7-yl]-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2h-1-benzopyran-4-yl}acetic acid

C47H38O20 (922.1956348000001)

3-(acetyloxy)-5-hydroxy-2-({5-hydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-7-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy]chromen-3-yl}oxy)-6-methyloxan-4-yl acetate

C31H34O15 (646.1897614000001)

(3as,5ar,5br,7ar,11as,11bs,13as,13br)-5a,5b,8,8,11a,13b-hexamethyl-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]chrysen-3-one

C27H44O (384.3391974)

4-[(3-butanoyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-6,6-dimethyl-2-propanoylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one

C23H28O8 (432.1784088)

4-[(3-butanoyl-2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-6,6-dimethyl-2-propanoylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one

C23H28O8 (432.1784088)

(2s,3r,4r,5r,6s)-5-(acetyloxy)-4-hydroxy-2-{[5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-7-{[(2s,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}chromen-3-yl]oxy}-6-methyloxan-3-yl acetate

C31H34O16 (662.1846764000001)

4-amino-2-hydroxy-2-methylpentanedioic acid

C6H11NO5 (177.0637196)

2-butanoyl-6-[(3-butanoyl-5-{[3-butanoyl-5-({3-butanoyl-5-[(5-butanoyl-2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-6-oxocyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)methyl]-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl}methyl)-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl]methyl}-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)methyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one

C58H68O20 (1084.4303728)

2-butanoyl-6-{[3-butanoyl-5-({3-butanoyl-5-[(3-butanoyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl}methyl)-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl]methyl}-3,5-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one

C46H54O16 (862.3411684)

2-[(2e,4e,6e,8e,10e,12e,14e,16e)-17-(4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-6,11,15-trimethylheptadeca-2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16-octaen-2-yl]-4,4,7a-trimethyl-2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzofuran-6-ol

C40H56O3 (584.4229226)

2-acetyl-6-[(3-butanoyl-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)methyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one

C21H24O8 (404.1471104)

(2s,3r,4r,5s,6s)-3-(acetyloxy)-5-hydroxy-2-[(5-hydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-7-{[(2s,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}chromen-3-yl)oxy]-6-methyloxan-4-yl acetate

C31H34O15 (646.1897614000001)

(2r)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-6,8-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzopyran-4-one

C18H18O6 (330.11033280000004)

(5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-hexahydro-1h-naphthalen-1-yl)methanol

C15H26O (222.1983546)

4-butanoyl-6-({3-butanoyl-5-[(5-butanoyl-3,3-dimethyl-2,4,6-trioxocyclohexyl)methyl]-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl}methyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3,5-trione

C36H44O12 (668.2832624)

10-(acetyloxy)-5a,5b,8,11a,13b-pentamethyl-3-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysene-8-carboxylic acid

C32H50O4 (498.37089000000003)

(2r,3s,4s)-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-3,4-diol

C5H11NO3 (133.0738896)

7-{[(2s,3r,4r,5s,6r)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxyoxan-2-yl]oxy}-5-hydroxy-6,8-dimethylchromen-4-one

C18H22O9 (382.1263762)

4-[(5-acetyl-2,6-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-4-oxocyclohexa-1,5-dien-1-yl)methyl]-2-butanoyl-3,5-dihydroxy-6,6-dimethylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one

C23H28O8 (432.1784088)

(1r,3as,3bs,7s,9bs)-1-[(2r,5r)-5,6-dimethylheptan-2-yl]-9a,11a-dimethyl-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,4h,6h,7h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-7-ol

C28H48O (400.37049579999996)

(2s,3s,4s,5r,6s)-3-(acetyloxy)-5-hydroxy-6-{[5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-7-{[(2s,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}chromen-3-yl]oxy}-2-methyloxan-4-yl acetate

C31H34O16 (662.1846764000001)

2-{2-[(1s,4as,8as)-1-(hydroxymethyl)-5,5,8a-trimethyl-1,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-2-yl]ethyl}-6-butanoyl-3,5-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one

C28H42O5 (458.30320820000003)

(5s,6r,7r)-10-[(1r,5r,6r,7s,13s,21r)-5,13-bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6,9,17,19,21-pentahydroxy-4,12,14-trioxapentacyclo[11.7.1.0²,¹¹.0³,⁸.0¹⁵,²⁰]henicosa-2,8,10,15,17,19-hexaen-7-yl]-7-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6,11-dihydroxy-2,8-dioxatricyclo[7.3.1.0⁵,¹³]trideca-1(13),9,11-trien-3-one

C47H36O19 (904.1850706)

o-phosphoethanolamine; bis(nonane)

C20H48NO4P (397.33207780000004)

2-acetyl-6-[(3-butanoyl-2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one

C23H28O8 (432.1784088)

(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-2-{[(2s,4as,5s,8ar)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,1,4a-trimethyl-6-methylidene-hexahydro-2h-naphthalen-2-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

C21H36O7 (400.2460906)

2-acetyl-6-[(5-butanoyl-2,4-dihydroxy-6-oxocyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)methyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one

C21H24O8 (404.1471104)

(3ar,7as)-1,3,3a,7a-tetrahydroinden-2-ylidenemethylcarbamic acid

C11H13NO2 (191.09462380000002)

2-butanoyl-6-[(5-butanoyl-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-3-methyl-6-oxocyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)methyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one

C25H32O8 (460.20970719999997)

(2e)-1-(2,3,4,6-tetramethoxyphenyl)pent-2-en-1-one

C15H20O5 (280.13106700000003)

(4bs,7s,8as)-7-ethenyl-3-hydroxy-4b,7-dimethyl-5,6,8,8a,9,10-hexahydrophenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid

C19H24O3 (300.1725354)

2-butanoyl-4-[(5-butanoyl-2,6-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-4-oxocyclohexa-1,5-dien-1-yl)methyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-6,6-dimethylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one

C25H32O8 (460.20970719999997)

(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-{[5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-7-{[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}chromen-3-yl]oxy}-2-methyloxan-3-yl acetate

C29H32O15 (620.1741122)

(2s)-2-[(3s,3as,5ar,5br,7as,11as,11br,13ar,13bs)-5a,5b,8,8,11a,13b-hexamethyl-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-3-yl]propan-1-ol

C30H52O (428.4017942)

7-{[(3r,4r,5s,6r)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxyoxan-2-yl]oxy}-5-hydroxy-6,8-dimethylchromen-4-one

C18H22O9 (382.1263762)

(2e)-1-(2,3,4,6-tetramethoxyphenyl)but-2-en-1-one

C14H18O5 (266.1154178)

2-[(5-butanoyl-2,4-dihydroxy-3-methyl-6-oxocyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)methyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethyl-6-propanoylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one

C23H28O8 (432.1784088)

2-butanoyl-6-({3-butanoyl-5-[(3-butanoyl-2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl}methyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one

C36H44O12 (668.2832624)

5-(acetyloxy)-4-hydroxy-2-{[5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-7-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy]chromen-3-yl]oxy}-6-methyloxan-3-yl acetate

C31H34O16 (662.1846764000001)

1-(2,3,4,6-tetramethoxyphenyl)pent-2-en-1-one

C15H20O5 (280.13106700000003)

2-acetyl-6-[(3-butanoyl-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one

C23H28O8 (432.1784088)

7-ethenyl-3-hydroxy-4b,7-dimethyl-5,6,8,8a,9,10-hexahydrophenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid

C19H24O3 (300.1725354)

(2s)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-6,8-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzopyran-4-one

C18H18O6 (330.11033280000004)

1-(2,4,6-trihydroxy-3-methyl-5-{[(6s)-2,4,6-trihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-5-propanoylcyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl]methyl}phenyl)butan-1-one

C23H30O8 (434.194058)

2-acetyl-6-[(5-butanoyl-2,4-dihydroxy-3-methyl-6-oxocyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)methyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one

C22H26O8 (418.1627596)

2-acetyl-4-[(3-acetyl-2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-6,6-dimethylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one

C21H24O8 (404.1471104)

4,6,6,11-tetramethyltricyclo[5.4.0.0⁴,⁸]undecan-1-ol

C15H26O (222.1983546)

3,5-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy]chromen-4-one

C21H20O10 (432.105642)

2-[(3-butanoyl-2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethyl-6-propanoylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one

C23H28O8 (432.1784088)

(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-2-{[(1s,4ar,5r,8as)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-hexahydro-1h-naphthalen-1-yl]methoxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

C21H36O7 (400.2460906)

2-({3-[(1ar,2s,7r,7ar,7bs)-1,1,7,7a-tetramethyl-1ah,2h,4h,5h,6h,7h,7bh-cyclopropa[a]naphthalen-2-yl]-5-butanoyl-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl}methyl)-6-acetyl-3,5-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one

C36H46O8 (606.3192516)

5,7-dihydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-6,8-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzopyran-4-one

C18H18O6 (330.11033280000004)

7-{[3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxyoxan-2-yl]oxy}-5-hydroxy-6,8-dimethylchromen-4-one

C18H22O9 (382.1263762)

2-acetyl-4-[(2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-3-propanoylphenyl)methyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-6,6-dimethylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one

C21H24O8 (404.1471104)

2-acetyl-4-[(3-butanoyl-2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-6,6-dimethylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one

C23H28O8 (432.1784088)

1-(2-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-4-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}phenyl)ethanone

C17H24O9 (372.14202539999997)

(2r,3s,4s,5s,6r)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-{[(4r,6e,10e,14s)-2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-14-{[(2s,3s,4s,5s,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}hexadeca-2,6,10,15-tetraen-4-yl]oxy}oxane-3,4,5-triol

C32H54O12 (630.3615084)

1-(2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)butan-1-one

C11H14O4 (210.0892044)

(3s,3as,5ar,5br,7ar,8s,10s,11ar,11br,13ar,13bs)-10-(acetyloxy)-5a,5b,8,11a,13b-pentamethyl-3-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysene-8-carboxylic acid

C32H50O4 (498.37089000000003)

3-(acetyloxy)-5-hydroxy-2-{[5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-7-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy]chromen-3-yl]oxy}-6-methyloxan-4-yl acetate

C31H34O16 (662.1846764000001)

(5s,6r,7r)-6,11-dihydroxy-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-10-[(1r,5r,6r,7s,13s,21r)-6,9,17,19,21-pentahydroxy-5,13-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,12,14-trioxapentacyclo[11.7.1.0²,¹¹.0³,⁸.0¹⁵,²⁰]henicosa-2,8,10,15,17,19-hexaen-7-yl]-2,8-dioxatricyclo[7.3.1.0⁵,¹³]trideca-1(13),9,11-trien-3-one

C47H36O16 (856.2003255999999)

2-acetyl-6-{[3-({3-[(5-acetyl-2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-6-oxocyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)methyl]-5-butanoyl-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl}methyl)-5-butanoyl-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl]methyl}-3,5-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one

C43H48O16 (820.2942208)

(2s)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-[(1r)-1-hydroxy-4-oxocyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-6,8-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzopyran-4-one

C17H18O6 (318.11033280000004)

1-[(3r,3as,5ar,5br,7as,11as,11br,13ar,13bs)-5a,5b,8,8,11a,13b-hexamethyl-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-3-yl]ethanone

C29H48O (412.37049579999996)

5a,5b,8,8,11a,13b-hexamethyl-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysene

C27H46 (370.3599316)

(4r,8ar)-4-isopropyl-1,6-dimethyl-3,4,4a,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalene

C15H24 (204.18779039999998)

7-ethenyl-1-(hydroxymethyl)-4b,7-dimethyl-5,6,8,8a,9,10-hexahydrophenanthren-3-ol

C19H26O2 (286.1932696)

1-(3-{[(6s)-5-acetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-3,3-dimethylcyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl]methyl}-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylphenyl)butan-1-one

C22H28O8 (420.1784088)

1-{3-[(3-butanoyl-2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl}butan-1-one

C23H28O8 (432.1784088)

2-[(3-butanoyl-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethyl-6-propanoylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one

C24H30O8 (446.194058)

(5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-hexahydro-1h-naphthalen-1-yl)methyl acetate

C17H28O2 (264.2089188)

2-[(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-6-oxo-5-propanoylcyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)methyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethyl-6-propanoylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one

C23H28O8 (432.1784088)

5-hydroxy-2-phenyl-3,7-bis({[(2s,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy})chromen-4-one

C27H30O13 (562.168633)

(2s,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[(5-hydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-7-{[(2s,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}chromen-3-yl)oxy]-2-methyloxan-3-yl acetate

C29H32O14 (604.1791972)

4-oxo-1h-pyridine-3-carboximidic acid

C6H6N2O2 (138.0429256)

(3s,3as,5ar,5br,7ar,8r,10s,11ar,11br,13ar,13bs)-10-(acetyloxy)-5a,5b,8,11a,13b-pentamethyl-3-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysene-8-carboxylic acid

C32H50O4 (498.37089000000003)

(2r)-5,7-dihydroxy-6,8-dimethyl-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzopyran-4-one

C17H16O4 (284.1048536)

[(1s,4as,8as)-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-hexahydro-1h-naphthalen-1-yl]methanol

C15H26O (222.1983546)

[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-8-[6,9,17,19,21-pentahydroxy-5,13-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,12,14-trioxapentacyclo[11.7.1.0²,¹¹.0³,⁸.0¹⁵,²⁰]henicosa-2,8,10,15,17,19-hexaen-7-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2h-1-benzopyran-4-yl]acetic acid

C47H38O18 (890.2058048000001)

4-butanoyl-6-[(3-butanoyl-5-methyl-2,4,6-trioxocyclohexyl)methyl]-2,2-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3,5-trione

C24H30O8 (446.194058)

(1r,6r,8as)-5-hydroxy-1,6-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydroacenaphthylene-3-carboxylic acid

C15H18O3 (246.1255878)

4-[(2,6-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-4-oxo-5-propanoylcyclohexa-1,5-dien-1-yl)methyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-6,6-dimethyl-2-propanoylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one

C23H28O8 (432.1784088)

(3r,3ar,5ar,5br,7as,11as,13as,13br)-3-isopropyl-3a,5a,8,8,11a,13a-hexamethyl-1h,2h,3h,4h,5h,5bh,6h,7h,7ah,9h,10h,11h,13bh-cyclopenta[a]chrysen-13-one

C30H48O (424.37049579999996)

2-[(3-{1,1,7,7a-tetramethyl-1ah,2h,4h,5h,6h,7h,7bh-cyclopropa[a]naphthalen-2-yl}-5-butanoyl-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)methyl]-6-acetyl-3,5-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one

C36H46O8 (606.3192516)

5,7-dihydroxy-2-phenyl-3-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy]chromen-4-one

C21H20O9 (416.110727)

2-butanoyl-6-({3-butanoyl-5-[(3-butanoyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl}methyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one

C35H42O12 (654.2676132)

(1s,3ar,3br,5ar,9as,9br,11ar)-3a,3b,6,6,9a-pentamethyl-1-(6-methylhepta-1,5-dien-2-yl)-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene

C30H50 (410.39123)

(2r,3r,4s,5s,6s)-2-{[(1r,3as,3bs,7s,9ar,9bs,11ar)-1-[(2r,5r)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-9a,11a-dimethyl-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,4h,6h,7h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-7-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

C35H60O6 (576.4389659999999)

4-[(3-butanoyl-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-6,6-dimethyl-2-propanoylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one

C24H30O8 (446.194058)

2-{[1-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-9a,11a-dimethyl-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,4h,6h,7h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-7-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

C35H60O6 (576.4389659999999)

7-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-4a,6a-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4b,5,6,7,8,9,10,10a,10b,11-tetradecahydrochrysen-2-ol

C30H52O (428.4017942)

(1s,6s,8ar)-5-hydroxy-1,6-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydroacenaphthylene-3-carboxylic acid

C15H18O3 (246.1255878)

2-acetyl-4-[(3-butanoyl-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-6,6-dimethylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one

C23H28O8 (432.1784088)

(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-2-{[(1r,3as,3bs,7s,9ar,9bs,11ar)-1-[(2r,5r)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-9a,11a-dimethyl-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,4h,6h,7h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-7-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

C35H60O6 (576.4389659999999)

(6s,7ar)-2-[(2e,4e,6e,8e,10e,12e,14e,16e)-17-[(4r)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-6,11,15-trimethylheptadeca-2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16-octaen-2-yl]-4,4,7a-trimethyl-2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzofuran-6-ol

C40H56O3 (584.4229226)

5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-{[(2s,3s,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}-7-{[(2s,3s,4s,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}chromen-4-one

C27H30O14 (578.163548)

2-acetyl-6-[(3-acetyl-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one

C21H24O8 (404.1471104)

5,7-dihydroxy-2-phenyl-3-{[(2s,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}chromen-4-one

C21H20O9 (416.110727)

(4as,5s,8as)-1,1,4a,6-tetramethyl-5-[(3e,7e)-4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-3,7,11-trien-1-yl]-2,3,4,5,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalene

C30H50 (410.39123)

2-butanoyl-6-({3-butanoyl-5-[(3-butanoyl-2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl}methyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one

C35H42O12 (654.2676132)

1-{3-[(3-butanoyl-2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl}butan-1-one

C24H30O8 (446.194058)

(2e)-1-(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)but-2-en-1-one

C13H16O4 (236.10485359999998)

(2s,3r,4r,5s,6s)-3-(acetyloxy)-5-hydroxy-2-{[5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-7-{[(2s,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}chromen-3-yl]oxy}-6-methyloxan-4-yl acetate

C31H34O16 (662.1846764000001)

1-{2,4,6-trihydroxy-3-methyl-5-[(2,4,6-trihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-5-propanoylcyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}butan-1-one

C23H30O8 (434.194058)

2-[(3-butanoyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-{[(6s)-2,4,6-trihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-5-propanoylcyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl]methyl}phenyl)methyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethyl-6-propanoylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one

C34H42O12 (642.2676132)

2-butanoyl-6-[(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-6-oxo-5-propanoylcyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)methyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one

C24H30O8 (446.194058)

(2s,4ar,4bs,6ar,7r,10as,10bs)-7-[(2r,5r)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-4a,6a-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4b,5,6,7,8,9,10,10a,10b,11-tetradecahydrochrysen-2-ol

C30H52O (428.4017942)

(5r,6r,7r)-7-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6,11-dihydroxy-10-[(1r,5r,6r,7s,13s,21r)-6,9,17,19,21-pentahydroxy-5,13-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,12,14-trioxapentacyclo[11.7.1.0²,¹¹.0³,⁸.0¹⁵,²⁰]henicosa-2,8,10,15,17,19-hexaen-7-yl]-2,8-dioxatricyclo[7.3.1.0⁵,¹³]trideca-1(13),9,11-trien-3-one

C47H36O17 (872.1952406)

4,5-dihydroxy-6-({5-hydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-7-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy]chromen-3-yl}oxy)-2-methyloxan-3-yl acetate

C29H32O14 (604.1791972)

(2r)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,8-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzopyran-4-one

C18H18O5 (314.1154178)

3-(acetyloxy)-5-hydroxy-6-({5-hydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-7-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy]chromen-3-yl}oxy)-2-methyloxan-4-yl acetate

C31H34O15 (646.1897614000001)

6,11-dihydroxy-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-10-[6,9,17,19,21-pentahydroxy-5,13-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,12,14-trioxapentacyclo[11.7.1.0²,¹¹.0³,⁸.0¹⁵,²⁰]henicosa-2,8,10,15,17,19-hexaen-7-yl]-2,8-dioxatricyclo[7.3.1.0⁵,¹³]trideca-1(13),9,11-trien-3-one

C47H36O16 (856.2003255999999)

2-acetyl-4-{[3-({3-[(5-acetyl-2,6-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-4-oxocyclohexa-1,5-dien-1-yl)methyl]-5-butanoyl-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl}methyl)-5-butanoyl-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl]methyl}-3,5-dihydroxy-6,6-dimethylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one

C43H48O16 (820.2942208)

5-hydroxy-2-phenyl-3,7-bis[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy]chromen-4-one

C27H30O13 (562.168633)

(4s,6r)-4-butanoyl-6-[(3-butanoyl-5-{[(1r,5s)-5-butanoyl-3,3-dimethyl-2,4,6-trioxocyclohexyl]methyl}-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2,2-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3,5-trione

C36H44O12 (668.2832624)

(2r,3s)-2-phenyl-6-[(2s,3r,4r,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2h-1-benzopyran-3,5,7-triol

C21H24O9 (420.14202539999997)

1-{3-[(3-butanoyl-2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylphenyl}butan-1-one

C24H30O8 (446.194058)

2-butanoyl-4-[(3-butanoyl-5-{[3-butanoyl-5-({3-butanoyl-5-[(5-butanoyl-2,6-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-4-oxocyclohexa-1,5-dien-1-yl)methyl]-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl}methyl)-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl]methyl}-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)methyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-6,6-dimethylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one

C58H68O20 (1084.4303728)

1-{3-[(5-acetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-3,3-dimethylcyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)methyl]-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylphenyl}butan-1-one

C22H28O8 (420.1784088)

1-{3-[(3-acetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl}butan-1-one

C22H26O8 (418.1627596)

2-butanoyl-4-[(3-butanoyl-2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-6,6-dimethylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one

C25H32O8 (460.20970719999997)

3,5-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-{[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}chromen-4-one

C21H20O10 (432.105642)

(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

C13H18O8 (302.1001628)

stigmast-5-en-3-ol, (3β)-

C29H50O (414.386145)

(3s,3as,5ar,5br,7ar,8r,10s,11ar,11br,13ar,13bs)-10-hydroxy-5a,5b,8,11a,13b-pentamethyl-3-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysene-8-carboxylic acid

C30H48O3 (456.36032579999994)

2-butanoyl-4-{[3-butanoyl-5-({3-butanoyl-5-[(3-butanoyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl}methyl)-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl]methyl}-3,5-dihydroxy-6,6-dimethylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one

C46H54O16 (862.3411684)

(1r,4s,7s,8r,11r)-4,6,6,11-tetramethyltricyclo[5.4.0.0⁴,⁸]undecan-1-ol

C15H26O (222.1983546)

4-[(5-acetyl-2,6-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-4-oxocyclohexa-1,5-dien-1-yl)methyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-6,6-dimethyl-2-propanoylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one

C22H26O8 (418.1627596)

2-butanoyl-3,5-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one

C12H16O4 (224.10485359999998)

(4s,6r)-4-butanoyl-6-{[(1r,3r,5r)-3-butanoyl-5-methyl-2,4,6-trioxocyclohexyl]methyl}-2,2-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3,5-trione

C24H30O8 (446.194058)

2-butanoyl-6-({3-butanoyl-5-[(3-butanoyl-5-{[3-butanoyl-5-({3-butanoyl-5-[(3-butanoyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl}methyl)-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl]methyl}-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl}methyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one

C68H78O24 (1278.4882788)

2-[(6-hydroxy-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-hexahydro-1h-naphthalen-1-yl)methoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

C21H36O7 (400.2460906)

2-({3-butanoyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-[(2,4,6-trihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-5-propanoylcyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethyl-6-propanoylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one

C34H42O12 (642.2676132)

(2e,7s,11s)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol

C20H40O (296.307899)

1-{2,4-dihydroxy-5-methyl-3-[(2s,3r,4r,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]-6-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}phenyl}butan-1-one

C23H34O14 (534.1948464)

4,5-dihydroxy-6-{[5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-7-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy]chromen-3-yl]oxy}-2-methyloxan-3-yl acetate

C29H32O15 (620.1741122)

3a,3b,6,6,9a-pentamethyl-1-(6-methylhepta-1,5-dien-2-yl)-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene

C30H50 (410.39123)

[(2r,3r,4s)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-8-[(1r,5r,6r,7s,13s,21r)-6,9,17,19,21-pentahydroxy-5,13-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,12,14-trioxapentacyclo[11.7.1.0²,¹¹.0³,⁸.0¹⁵,²⁰]henicosa-2,8,10,15,17,19-hexaen-7-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2h-1-benzopyran-4-yl]acetic acid

C47H38O18 (890.2058048000001)

(2s)-2-{[(2s)-2-{[4-(4-carbamimidoylphenoxy)-1-hydroxybutylidene]amino}-3-carboxy-1-hydroxypropylidene]amino}-3-methylbutanoic acid

C20H28N4O7 (436.1957898)

3-(acetyloxy)-5-hydroxy-6-{[5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-7-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy]chromen-3-yl]oxy}-2-methyloxan-4-yl acetate

C31H34O16 (662.1846764000001)

[(1s,4as,8as)-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-hexahydro-1h-naphthalen-1-yl]methyl acetate

C17H28O2 (264.2089188)

2-acetyl-6-[(3-butanoyl-2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one

C22H26O8 (418.1627596)

(2s,3r,4r,5r,6s)-5-(acetyloxy)-4-hydroxy-2-[(5-hydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-7-{[(2s,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}chromen-3-yl)oxy]-6-methyloxan-3-yl acetate

C31H34O15 (646.1897614000001)

7-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6,11-dihydroxy-10-[6,9,17,19,21-pentahydroxy-5,13-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,12,14-trioxapentacyclo[11.7.1.0²,¹¹.0³,⁸.0¹⁵,²⁰]henicosa-2,8,10,15,17,19-hexaen-7-yl]-2,8-dioxatricyclo[7.3.1.0⁵,¹³]trideca-1(13),9,11-trien-3-one

C47H36O17 (872.1952406)

2-[(3-{1,1,7,7a-tetramethyl-1ah,2h,4h,5h,6h,7h,7bh-cyclopropa[a]naphthalen-2-yl}-5-acetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)methyl]-6-acetyl-3,5-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one

C34H42O8 (578.2879532000001)

10-[5,13-bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6,9,17,19,21-pentahydroxy-4,12,14-trioxapentacyclo[11.7.1.0²,¹¹.0³,⁸.0¹⁵,²⁰]henicosa-2,8,10,15,17,19-hexaen-7-yl]-7-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6,11-dihydroxy-2,8-dioxatricyclo[7.3.1.0⁵,¹³]trideca-1(13),9,11-trien-3-one

C47H36O19 (904.1850706)

(4s,6s)-4-butanoyl-6-{[(1r,5r)-5-butanoyl-3,3-dimethyl-2,4,6-trioxocyclohexyl]methyl}-2,2-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3,5-trione

C25H32O8 (460.20970719999997)

(3r,3as,5as,5br,11as,13br)-3-isopropyl-3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a-hexamethyl-1h,2h,3h,4h,5h,6h,7h,7ah,9h,10h,11h,11bh,12h,13bh-cyclopenta[a]chrysene

C30H50 (410.39123)

5a,5b,8,8,11a,13b-hexamethyl-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]chrysen-3-one

C27H44O (384.3391974)

(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-2-{[(1s,4ar,6s,8as)-6-hydroxy-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-hexahydro-1h-naphthalen-1-yl]methoxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

C21H36O7 (400.2460906)

2-acetyl-6-({3-butanoyl-5-[(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-6-oxo-5-propanoylcyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)methyl]-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl}methyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one

C33H38O12 (626.2363148)

1-(2,3,4,6-tetramethoxyphenyl)but-2-en-1-one

C14H18O5 (266.1154178)

(1r,4r,5s,9s,10s,13s,14r)-14-hydroxy-14-(hydroxymethyl)-5,9-dimethyltetracyclo[11.2.1.0¹,¹⁰.0⁴,⁹]hexadecane-5-carboxylic acid

C20H32O4 (336.2300472)

(2s,3s,5s)-4-(acetyloxy)-5-hydroxy-2-{[5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-7-{[(2s,3s,5r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}chromen-3-yl]oxy}-6-methyloxan-3-yl acetate

C31H34O16 (662.1846764000001)

[(2r,3r,4s)-8-[(1r,5r,6r,7s,13s,21r)-5,13-bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6,9,17,19,21-pentahydroxy-4,12,14-trioxapentacyclo[11.7.1.0²,¹¹.0³,⁸.0¹⁵,²⁰]henicosa-2,8,10,15,17,19-hexaen-7-yl]-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2h-1-benzopyran-4-yl]acetic acid

C47H38O20 (922.1956348000001)

[3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-[6,9,17,19,21-pentahydroxy-5,13-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,12,14-trioxapentacyclo[11.7.1.0²,¹¹.0³,⁸.0¹⁵,²⁰]henicosa-2,8,10,15,17,19-hexaen-7-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2h-1-benzopyran-4-yl]acetic acid

C47H38O17 (874.2108898000001)

10-hydroxy-5a,5b,8,11a,13b-pentamethyl-3-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysene-8-carboxylic acid

C30H48O3 (456.36032579999994)

2-({3-[(1ar,2s,7r,7ar,7bs)-1,1,7,7a-tetramethyl-1ah,2h,4h,5h,6h,7h,7bh-cyclopropa[a]naphthalen-2-yl]-5-acetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl}methyl)-6-acetyl-3,5-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one

C34H42O8 (578.2879532000001)

2-acetyl-6-({3-[(5-acetyl-2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-6-oxocyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)methyl]-5-butanoyl-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl}methyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one

C32H36O12 (612.2206656000001)

2-acetyl-6-[(5-acetyl-2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-6-oxocyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)methyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one

C21H24O8 (404.1471104)

(3s,3as,5ar,5br,7ar,8s,10s,11ar,11br,13ar,13bs)-10-hydroxy-5a,5b,8,11a,13b-pentamethyl-3-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysene-8-carboxylic acid

C30H48O3 (456.36032579999994)

1-{2,4-dihydroxy-5-methyl-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]-6-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}phenyl}butan-1-one

C23H34O14 (534.1948464)

(3ar,5ar,5br,7as,11as,11br,13ar,13bs)-5a,5b,8,8,11a,13b-hexamethyl-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysene

C27H46 (370.3599316)

(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-2-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

C13H18O8 (302.1001628)

(2s,3s,4s,5r,6s)-3-(acetyloxy)-5-hydroxy-6-[(5-hydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-7-{[(2s,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}chromen-3-yl)oxy]-2-methyloxan-4-yl acetate

C31H34O15 (646.1897614000001)

1-(2-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-4-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}phenyl)ethanone

C17H24O9 (372.14202539999997)

[(2r,3r,4s)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-[(1r,5r,6r,7s,13s,21r)-6,9,17,19,21-pentahydroxy-5,13-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,12,14-trioxapentacyclo[11.7.1.0²,¹¹.0³,⁸.0¹⁵,²⁰]henicosa-2,8,10,15,17,19-hexaen-7-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2h-1-benzopyran-4-yl]acetic acid

C47H38O17 (874.2108898000001)

2-butanoyl-6-[(3-butanoyl-2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one

C25H32O8 (460.20970719999997)

5,7-dihydroxy-2-methyl-6-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one

C16H18O9 (354.0950778)

(4bs,7s,8as)-7-ethenyl-1-(hydroxymethyl)-4b,7-dimethyl-5,6,8,8a,9,10-hexahydrophenanthren-3-ol

C19H26O2 (286.1932696)

2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-{[5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-hexahydro-1h-naphthalen-1-yl]methoxy}oxane-3,4,5-triol

C21H36O7 (400.2460906)

(2r,3s)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-[(2s,3r,4r,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2h-1-benzopyran-3,5,7-triol

C21H24O11 (452.13185539999995)

5-(acetyloxy)-4-hydroxy-2-({5-hydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-7-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy]chromen-3-yl}oxy)-6-methyloxan-3-yl acetate

C31H34O15 (646.1897614000001)

(2s,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-{[5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-7-{[(2s,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}chromen-3-yl]oxy}-2-methyloxan-3-yl acetate

C29H32O15 (620.1741122)