N-Acetylserotonin (BioDeep_00000001293)
Secondary id: BioDeep_00000400007
human metabolite PANOMIX_OTCML-2023 Endogenous blood metabolite BioNovoGene_Lab2019
代谢物信息卡片
N-[2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]acetamide
化学式: C12H14N2O2 (218.1055)
中文名称: N-乙酰-5-羟基色胺, N-乙酰基-5-羟色胺, N-乙酰羟色胺
谱图信息:
最多检出来源 Homo sapiens(plant) 13.93%
Reviewed
Last reviewed on 2024-07-17.
Cite this Page
N-Acetylserotonin. BioDeep Database v3. PANOMIX ltd, a top metabolomics service provider from China.
https://query.biodeep.cn/s/n-acetylserotonin (retrieved
2024-12-22) (BioDeep RN: BioDeep_00000001293). Licensed
under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
分子结构信息
SMILES: CC(=O)NCCC1=CNC2=C1C=C(C=C2)O
InChI: InChI=1S/C12H14N2O2/c1-8(15)13-5-4-9-7-14-12-3-2-10(16)6-11(9)12/h2-3,6-7,14,16H,4-5H2,1H3,(H,13,15)
描述信息
N-Acetylserotonin (NAS), also known as normelatonin, is a naturally occurring chemical precursor and intermediate in the endogenous production of melatonin from serotonin. It also has biological activity in its own right, including acting as a melatonin receptor agonist, an agonist of the TrkB, and having antioxidant effects. N-Acetylserotonin is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of melatonin and indoleamine in the pineal gland of mammalians. Serotonin-N-acetyltransferase (SNAT), which regulates the rate of melatonin biosynthesis in the pineal gland, catalyzes the acetylation of 5HT to N-acetylserotonin (NAS). A methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine is transferred to NAS by hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT), and finally NAS is converted to 5-methoxy-N-acetyltryptamine, or melatonin. In most mammalian species the content of NAS (and melatonin) in the pineal gland shows clear circadian changes with the highest level occurring during the dark period. This elevation of the contents of NAS (and melatonin) in the dark period is due to the increase of SNAT activity and the elevation of SNAT gene expression. Experimental studies show that N-acetylserotonin possess free radical scavenging activity. Acute administration of irreversible and reversible selective MAO-A inhibitors and high doses (or chronic administration of low doses) of relatively selective MAO-B inhibitors (but not of highly selective MAO-B inhibitors) suppressed MAO-A activity and stimulated N-acetylation of pineal serotonin into N-acetylserotonin, the immediate precursor of melatonin. N-acetylserotonin increase after MAO-A inhibitors might mediate their antidepressive and antihypertensive effects. N-Acetylserotonin is the product of the O-demethylation of melatonin mediated by cytochrome P-450 isoforms: Cytochrome p450, subfamily IIc, polypeptide 19 (CYP2C19, a clinically important enzyme that metabolizes a wide variety of drugs), with a minor contribution from Cytochrome p450, subfamily I, polypeptide (2CYP1A2, involved in O-deethylation of phenacetin). (PMID 15616152, 11103901, 10721079, 10591054). N-Acetylserotonin acts as a potent antioxidant, NAS effectiveness as an anti-oxidant has been found to be different depending on the experimental model used, it has been described as being between 5 and 20 times more effect than melatonin at protecting against oxidant damage. NAS has been shown to protect against lipid peroxidation in microsomes and mitochondria. NAS has also been reported to lower resting levels of ROS in peripheral blood lymphocytes and to exhibit anti-oxidant effects against t-butylated hydroperoxide- and diamide-induced ROS.
N-acetyl serotonin, also known as N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine or N-(2-(5-hydroxy-1h-indol-3-yl)ethyl)acetamide, is a member of the class of compounds known as hydroxyindoles. Hydroxyindoles are organic compounds containing an indole moiety that carries a hydroxyl group. N-acetyl serotonin is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). N-acetyl serotonin can be found in a number of food items such as tronchuda cabbage, winter savory, rambutan, and poppy, which makes N-acetyl serotonin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. N-acetyl serotonin can be found primarily in blood and urine, as well as in human kidney and liver tissues. In humans, N-acetyl serotonin is involved in the tryptophan metabolism. Moreover, N-acetyl serotonin is found to be associated with schizophrenia.
N-Acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine is a Melatonin precursor, and that it can potently activate TrkB receptor.
同义名列表
16 个代谢物同义名
N-[2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]acetamide; N-(2-(5-Hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)acetamide; N-Acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-Hydroxy-N-acetyltryptamine; N-Acetylhydroxytryptamine; O-Demethylmelatonin; 5-Hydroxymelatonin; N-acetyl-serotonin; Desmethylmelatonin; N-Acetylserotonin; Acetyl-serotonin; ASE; N-Acetylserotonin; Normelatonin; N-Acetylserotonin; N-Acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine
数据库引用编号
21 个数据库交叉引用编号
- ChEBI: CHEBI:17697
- KEGG: C00978
- PubChem: 903
- HMDB: HMDB0001238
- Metlin: METLIN366
- DrugBank: DB04275
- ChEMBL: CHEMBL33103
- Wikipedia: N-acetyl-serotonin
- MetaCyc: N-ACETYL-SEROTONIN
- foodb: FDB031021
- chemspider: 879
- CAS: 1210-83-9
- PMhub: MS000000275
- PDB-CCD: ASE
- 3DMET: B00212
- NIKKAJI: J125.886I
- RefMet: N-Acetylserotonin
- medchemexpress: HY-107854
- BioNovoGene_Lab2019: BioNovoGene_Lab2019-478
- PubChem: 4227
- KNApSAcK: 17697
分类词条
相关代谢途径
BioCyc(4)
PlantCyc(0)
代谢反应
181 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。
Reactome(52)
- Metabolism:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Amino acid and derivative metabolism:
2MACA-CoA + CoA ⟶ Ac-CoA + PROP-CoA - Amine-derived hormones:
Iodine + L-Tyr ⟶ HI + MIT - Serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
5HTP ⟶ 5HT + carbon dioxide - Metabolism:
2MACA-CoA + CoA ⟶ Ac-CoA + PROP-CoA - Amino acid and derivative metabolism:
2MACA-CoA + CoA ⟶ Ac-CoA + PROP-CoA - Amine-derived hormones:
Dopa ⟶ DA + carbon dioxide - Serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
5HTP ⟶ 5HT + carbon dioxide - Metabolism:
2MACA-CoA + CoA ⟶ Ac-CoA + PROP-CoA - Amino acid and derivative metabolism:
2MACA-CoA + CoA ⟶ Ac-CoA + PROP-CoA - Amine-derived hormones:
Dopa ⟶ DA + carbon dioxide - Serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
5HTP ⟶ 5HT + carbon dioxide - Metabolism:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Amino acid and derivative metabolism:
2MACA-CoA + CoA ⟶ Ac-CoA + PROP-CoA - Metabolism of amine-derived hormones:
Iodine + L-Tyr ⟶ HI + MIT - Serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
5HT + Ac-CoA ⟶ Ac5HT + CoA-SH - Metabolism:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Amino acid and derivative metabolism:
2MACA-CoA + CoA ⟶ Ac-CoA + PROP-CoA - Metabolism of amine-derived hormones:
Iodine + L-Tyr ⟶ HI + MIT - Serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
5HTP ⟶ 5HT + carbon dioxide - Metabolism:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Amino acid and derivative metabolism:
2MACA-CoA + CoA ⟶ Ac-CoA + PROP-CoA - Metabolism of amine-derived hormones:
MIT + TPNH ⟶ I- + L-Tyr + TPN - Serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
5HTP ⟶ 5HT + carbon dioxide - Metabolism:
ATP + PROP-CoA + carbon dioxide ⟶ ADP + MEMA-CoA + Pi - Amino acid and derivative metabolism:
2MACA-CoA + CoA ⟶ Ac-CoA + PROP-CoA - Metabolism of amine-derived hormones:
Iodine + L-Tyr ⟶ HI + MIT - Serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
L-Trp + Oxygen + Tetrahydrobiopterin ⟶ 4aOH-BH4 + 5HTP - Metabolism:
2MACA-CoA + CoA ⟶ Ac-CoA + PROP-CoA - Amino acid and derivative metabolism:
2MACA-CoA + CoA ⟶ Ac-CoA + PROP-CoA - Metabolism of amine-derived hormones:
Iodine + L-Tyr ⟶ HI + MIT - Serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
5HTP ⟶ 5HT + carbon dioxide - Metabolism:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Amino acid and derivative metabolism:
2MACA-CoA + CoA ⟶ Ac-CoA + PROP-CoA - Metabolism of amine-derived hormones:
Iodine + L-Tyr ⟶ HI + MIT - Serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
5HTP ⟶ 5HT + carbon dioxide - Metabolism:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Amino acid and derivative metabolism:
2MACA-CoA + CoA ⟶ Ac-CoA + PROP-CoA - Metabolism of amine-derived hormones:
Iodine + L-Tyr ⟶ HI + MIT - Serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
5HTP ⟶ 5HT + carbon dioxide - Metabolism:
2MACA-CoA + CoA ⟶ Ac-CoA + PROP-CoA - Amino acid and derivative metabolism:
2MACA-CoA + CoA ⟶ Ac-CoA + PROP-CoA - Metabolism of amine-derived hormones:
Iodine + L-Tyr ⟶ HI + MIT - Serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
5HTP ⟶ 5HT + carbon dioxide - Metabolism:
ATP + PROP-CoA + carbon dioxide ⟶ ADP + MEMA-CoA + Pi - Amino acid and derivative metabolism:
2MACA-CoA + CoA ⟶ Ac-CoA + PROP-CoA - Metabolism of amine-derived hormones:
Iodine + L-Tyr ⟶ HI + MIT - Serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
5HTP ⟶ 5HT + carbon dioxide - Metabolism:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Amino acid and derivative metabolism:
2MACA-CoA + CoA ⟶ Ac-CoA + PROP-CoA - Metabolism of amine-derived hormones:
NAd + SAM ⟶ ADR + H+ + SAH - Serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
5HT + Ac-CoA ⟶ Ac5HT + CoA-SH
BioCyc(10)
- superpathway of tryptophan utilization:
N-formylkynurenine + H2O ⟶ H+ + L-kynurenine + formate - superpathway of melatonin degradation:
hydrogen peroxide + melatonin ⟶ N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine + H2O - melatonin degradation I:
O2 + a reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + melatonin ⟶ N-acetyl-serotonin + H2O + an oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + formaldehyde - superpathway of melatonin degradation:
N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine + H2O ⟶ N-acetyl-5-methoxykynurenamine + H+ + formate - melatonin degradation I:
O2 + a reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + melatonin ⟶ N-acetyl-serotonin + H2O + an oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + formaldehyde - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + H+ ⟶ CO2 + serotonin - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
N-acetyl-serotonin + SAM ⟶ H+ + SAH + melatonin - biosynthesis of serotonin and melatonin:
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + H+ ⟶ CO2 + serotonin - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + H+ ⟶ CO2 + serotonin - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + H+ ⟶ CO2 + serotonin
WikiPathways(3)
- Biogenic amine synthesis:
Norepinephrine ⟶ Epinephrine - Melatonin metabolism and effects:
Serotonin ⟶ 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid - Biosynthesis and regeneration of tetrahydrobiopterin and catabolism of phenylalanine:
5-OH-Trp ⟶ Serotonin
Plant Reactome(0)
INOH(1)
- Tryptophan degradation ( Tryptophan degradation ):
L-Tryptophan + O2 ⟶ N-Formyl-L-kynurenine
PlantCyc(110)
- serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
N-acetyl-serotonin + SAM ⟶ H+ + SAH + melatonin - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
N-acetyl-serotonin + SAM ⟶ H+ + SAH + melatonin
COVID-19 Disease Map(0)
PathBank(5)
- Tryptophan Metabolism:
L-Tryptophan + Oxygen ⟶ N'-Formylkynurenine - Tryptophan Metabolism:
L-Tryptophan + Oxygen ⟶ N'-Formylkynurenine - Tryptophan Metabolism:
L-Tryptophan + Oxygen ⟶ N'-Formylkynurenine - Tryptophan Metabolism:
L-Tryptophan + Oxygen ⟶ N'-Formylkynurenine - Tryptophan Metabolism:
L-Tryptophan + Oxygen ⟶ N'-Formylkynurenine
PharmGKB(0)
9 个相关的物种来源信息
- 7461 - Apis cerana: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0175573
- 13345 - Ardisia crenata: 10.3389/FMOLB.2021.683671
- 6669 - Daphnia pulex: 10.1038/SREP25125
- 7227 - Drosophila melanogaster: 10.1038/S41467-019-11933-Z
- 9606 - Homo sapiens:
- 9606 - Homo sapiens: -
- 180039 - Psychotria punctata: 10.3389/FMOLB.2021.683671
- 5691 - Trypanosoma brucei: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PNTD.0001618
- 569774 - 金线莲: -
在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：
- PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
- NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
- Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
- Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。
点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。
文献列表
- Ying Cheng, Yuan Gao, Jing Li, Tongyu Rui, Qianqian Li, Huan Chen, Bowen Jia, Yiting Song, Zhiya Gu, Tao Wang, Cheng Gao, Ying Wang, Zufeng Wang, Fudi Wang, Luyang Tao, Chengliang Luo. TrkB agonist N-acetyl serotonin promotes functional recovery after traumatic brain injury by suppressing ferroptosis via the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2/Ferritin H pathway.
Free radical biology & medicine.
2023 01; 194(?):184-198. doi:
10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.12.002. [PMID: 36493983] - Kun Zhou, Yangtiansu Li, Lingyu Hu, Jingyun Zhang, Hong Yue, Shulin Yang, Yuan Liu, Xiaoqing Gong, Fengwang Ma. Overexpression of MdASMT9, an N-acetylserotonin methyltransferase gene, increases melatonin biosynthesis and improves water-use efficiency in transgenic apple.
Tree physiology.
2022 05; 42(5):1114-1126. doi:
10.1093/treephys/tpab157. [PMID: 34865159] - Dake Zhao, Zhengping Yao, Jiemei Zhang, Renjun Zhang, Zongmin Mou, Xue Zhang, Zonghang Li, Xiaoli Feng, Suiyun Chen, Russel J Reiter. Melatonin synthesis genes N-acetylserotonin methyltransferases evolved into caffeic acid O-methyltransferases and both assisted in plant terrestrialization.
Journal of pineal research.
2021 Oct; 71(3):e12737. doi:
10.1111/jpi.12737. [PMID: 33844336] - Kyungjin Lee, Geun-Hee Choi, Kyoungwhan Back. Inhibition of Rice Serotonin N-Acetyltransferases by MG149 Decreased Melatonin Synthesis in Rice Seedlings.
Biomolecules.
2021 04; 11(5):. doi:
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Cell reports.
2021 04; 35(4):109040. doi:
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Journal of pineal research.
2020 Mar; 68(2):e12626. doi:
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Journal of physiology and biochemistry.
2020 Feb; 76(1):49-60. doi:
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PloS one.
2020; 15(11):e0242221. doi:
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Biomolecules.
2019 11; 9(11):. doi:
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Molecular pharmacology.
2019 11; 96(5):629-640. doi:
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Free radical biology & medicine.
2019 01; 130(?):215-233. doi:
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Journal of pineal research.
2018 Mar; 64(2):. doi:
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Scientific reports.
2017 12; 7(1):17746. doi:
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Analytica chimica acta.
2016 Sep; 937(?):168-74. doi:
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European journal of pediatric surgery : official journal of Austrian Association of Pediatric Surgery ... [et al] = Zeitschrift fur Kinderchirurgie.
2016 Feb; 26(1):47-53. doi:
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The Journal of general physiology.
2016 Jan; 147(1):63-76. doi:
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Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.
2015 Oct; 114(?):348-54. doi:
10.1016/j.jpba.2015.06.003. [PMID: 26112924] - Ruslán Álvarez-Diduk, Annia Galano, Dun Xian Tan, Russel J Reiter. N-Acetylserotonin and 6-Hydroxymelatonin against Oxidative Stress: Implications for the Overall Protection Exerted by Melatonin.
The journal of physical chemistry. B.
2015 Jul; 119(27):8535-43. doi:
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Translational psychiatry.
2014 Nov; 4(?):e479. doi:
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Journal of pineal research.
2014 Sep; 57(2):219-27. doi:
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Photochemistry and photobiology.
2014 Sep; 90(5):1043-9. doi:
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Journal of pineal research.
2014 Apr; 56(3):275-82. doi:
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Talanta.
2013 Dec; 117(?):27-31. doi:
10.1016/j.talanta.2013.08.035. [PMID: 24209305] - Aneta Piesiewicz, Urszula Kedzierska, Iwona Adamska, Michal Usarek, Michal Zeman, Krystyna Skwarlo-Sonta, Pawel Marek Majewski. Pineal arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (Aanat) gene expression as a target of inflammatory mediators in the chicken.
General and comparative endocrinology.
2012 Nov; 179(2):143-51. doi:
10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.08.013. [PMID: 22935823] - Caroline H Johnson, Andrew D Patterson, Kristopher W Krausz, John F Kalinich, John B Tyburski, Dong Wook Kang, Hans Luecke, Frank J Gonzalez, William F Blakely, Jeffrey R Idle. Radiation metabolomics. 5. Identification of urinary biomarkers of ionizing radiation exposure in nonhuman primates by mass spectrometry-based metabolomics.
Radiation research.
2012 Oct; 178(4):328-40. doi:
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Journal of pineal research.
2012 Aug; 53(1):107-11. doi:
10.1111/j.1600-079x.2012.00976.x. [PMID: 22289080] - Natalia Fagali, Angel Catalá. The antioxidant behaviour of melatonin and structural analogues during lipid peroxidation depends not only on their functional groups but also on the assay system.
Biochemical and biophysical research communications.
2012 Jul; 423(4):873-7. doi:
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Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS.
2012 Mar; 47(3):277-85. doi:
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Journal of pineal research.
2012 Mar; 52(2):211-6. doi:
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Environmental health and preventive medicine.
2012 Mar; 17(2):87-97. doi:
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Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment.
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Aging and disease.
2011 Dec; 2(6):474-86. doi:
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Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery.
2011 Jun; 27(6):879-91. doi:
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Journal of pineal research.
2011 Apr; 50(3):304-9. doi:
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Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.).
2011; 5(?):655-60. doi:
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International journal of Alzheimer's disease.
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PloS one.
2010 Nov; 5(11):e13958. doi:
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Molecular psychiatry.
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Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.
2010 Aug; 58(15):8782-7. doi:
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Plant & cell physiology.
2010 Jun; 51(6):969-80. doi:
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Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA.
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2010; 31(4):489-96. doi:
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2009 May; 46(4):373-82. doi:
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2009 Jan; 59(1):37-47. doi:
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Molecular and cellular biochemistry.
2009 Jan; 321(1-2):37-43. doi:
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Cell biochemistry and function.
2008 Apr; 26(3):314-9. doi:
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2008 Apr; 149(4):1869-79. doi:
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Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.
2007 Dec; 1122(?):253-9. doi:
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Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.
2007 Dec; 1122(?):289-94. doi:
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2007 Jul; 77(1):29-35. doi:
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2007 Feb; 412(3):191-4. doi:
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BMC complementary and alternative medicine.
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Endokrynologia Polska.
2006 Jan; 57(1):2-6. doi:
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2005 Aug; 1053(?):334-47. doi:
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Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.
2005 Aug; 1053(?):394-9. doi:
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