Campestanol (BioDeep_00000010914)

 

Secondary id: BioDeep_00000015593

human metabolite Endogenous blood metabolite


代谢物信息卡片


(1S,2S,10R,11S,14R,15R)-14-[(2R,5R)-5,6-dimethylheptan-2-yl]-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecan-5-ol

化学式: C28H50O (402.386145)
中文名称:
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 Homo sapiens(blood) 0.05%

分子结构信息

SMILES: C1[C@@H](C[C@H]2[C@@](C1)([C@@H]1[C@H](CC2)[C@H]2[C@](CC1)([C@@H](CC2)[C@H](C)CC[C@H](C(C)C)C)C)C)O
InChI: InChI=1S/C28H50O/c1-18(2)19(3)7-8-20(4)24-11-12-25-23-10-9-21-17-22(29)13-15-27(21,5)26(23)14-16-28(24,25)6/h18-26,29H,7-17H2,1-6H3/t19-,20-,21+,22+,23+,24-,25+,26+,27+,28-/m1/s1

描述信息

Campestanol is plant stanol. It can decrease the circulating LDL-cholesterol level by reducing intestinal cholesterol absorption. (PMID 8143759).
Constituent of coffee and of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis)

同义名列表

16 个代谢物同义名

(1S,2S,10R,11S,14R,15R)-14-[(2R,5R)-5,6-dimethylheptan-2-yl]-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecan-5-ol; (1S,2S,10R,11S,14R,15R)-14-[(2R,5R)-5,6-dimethylheptan-2-yl]-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁵]heptadecan-5-ol; (24S)24-Methylcholestan-3beta-ol; (24R)-5alpha-Ergostan-3beta-ol; 5alpha-campestan-3beta-ol; Dihydro-neospongosterol; (24R)-5a-Ergostan-3b-ol; 5a-Dihydrocampesterol; 24b-Methylcholestanol; 24b-Ethylcholestanol; Dihydrocampesterin; 5alpha-campestanol; Chalinastanol; Campestanol; Ergostanol; ST 28:0;O



数据库引用编号

19 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(3)

PlantCyc(5)

代谢反应

355 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(6)

WikiPathways(1)

Plant Reactome(3)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(345)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

69 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。



文献列表

  • Hans-Frieder Schött, Sabrina Krautbauer, Marcus Höring, Gerhard Liebisch, Silke Matysik. A Validated, Fast Method for Quantification of Sterols and Gut Microbiome Derived 5α/β-Stanols in Human Feces by Isotope Dilution LC-High-Resolution MS. Analytical chemistry. 2018 07; 90(14):8487-8494. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01278. [PMID: 29920210]
  • Jing Huang, Ming Xu, Yu-Jing Fang, Min-Shan Lu, Zhi-Zhong Pan, Wu-Qing Huang, Yu-Ming Chen, Cai-Xia Zhang. Association between phytosterol intake and colorectal cancer risk: a case-control study. The British journal of nutrition. 2017 Mar; 117(6):839-850. doi: 10.1017/s0007114517000617. [PMID: 28382872]
  • Intidhar Bouali, Hajer Trabelsi, Wahid Herchi, Lucy Martine, Ali Albouchi, Ghaith Bouzaien, Samira Sifi, Sadok Boukhchina, Olivier Berdeaux. Analysis of pecan nut (Carya illinoinensis) unsaponifiable fraction. Effect of ripening stage on phytosterols and phytostanols composition. Food chemistry. 2014 Dec; 164(?):309-16. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.05.029. [PMID: 24996339]
  • Laura Kells Cusack, Maria Luz Fernandez, Jeff S Volek. The food matrix and sterol characteristics affect the plasma cholesterol lowering of phytosterol/phytostanol. Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.). 2013 Nov; 4(6):633-43. doi: 10.3945/an.113.004507. [PMID: 24228192]
  • Wen-Sen He, Mei-Gui Wang, Xiao-Xia Pan, Jing-Jing Li, Cheng-Sheng Jia, Xiao-Ming Zhang, Biao Feng. Role of plant stanol derivatives in the modulation of cholesterol metabolism and liver gene expression in mice. Food chemistry. 2013 Sep; 140(1-2):9-16. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.02.062. [PMID: 23578608]
  • Maija Marttinen, Essi Päivärinta, Markus Storvik, Laura Huikko, Heli Luoma-Halkola, Vieno Piironen, Anne-Maria Pajari, Marja Mutanen. Plant stanols induce intestinal tumor formation by up-regulating Wnt and EGFR signaling in Apc Min mice. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry. 2013 Jan; 24(1):343-52. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.07.002. [PMID: 22981369]
  • M Derrien, E Jardé, G Gruau, A M Pourcher, M Gourmelon, A Jadas-Hécart, A C Pierson Wickmann. Origin of fecal contamination in waters from contrasted areas: stanols as Microbial Source Tracking markers. Water research. 2012 Sep; 46(13):4009-16. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.05.003. [PMID: 22673347]
  • Se-Hwan Joo, Tae-Wuk Kim, Seung-Hyun Son, Woo Sung Lee, Takao Yokota, Seong-Ki Kim. Biosynthesis of a cholesterol-derived brassinosteroid, 28-norcastasterone, in Arabidopsis thaliana. Journal of experimental botany. 2012 Mar; 63(5):1823-33. doi: 10.1093/jxb/err354. [PMID: 22170941]
  • Gavin Tansley, Daniel T Holmes, Dieter Lütjohann, Elizabeth Head, Cheryl L Wellington. Sterol lipid metabolism in down syndrome revisited: down syndrome is associated with a selective reduction in serum brassicasterol levels. Current gerontology and geriatrics research. 2012; 2012(?):179318. doi: 10.1155/2012/179318. [PMID: 22649448]
  • Ping Wang, Yu-ming Chen, Li-ping He, Chao-gang Chen, Bo Zhang, Wen-qiong Xue, Yi-xiang Su. Association of natural intake of dietary plant sterols with carotid intima-media thickness and blood lipids in Chinese adults: a cross-section study. PloS one. 2012; 7(3):e32736. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032736. [PMID: 22412917]
  • Ignacio Párraga, Jesús López-Torres, Fernando Andrés, Beatriz Navarro, José M del Campo, Mercedes García-Reyes, María P Galdón, Angeles Lloret, Juan C Precioso, Joseba Rabanales. Effect of plant sterols on the lipid profile of patients with hypercholesterolaemia. Randomised, experimental study. BMC complementary and alternative medicine. 2011 Sep; 11(?):73. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-11-73. [PMID: 21910898]
  • Sheila J Thornton, Ian Ty Wong, Rachel Neumann, Petri Kozlowski, Kishor M Wasan. Dietary supplementation with phytosterol and ascorbic acid reduces body mass accumulation and alters food transit time in a diet-induced obesity mouse model. Lipids in health and disease. 2011 Jun; 10(?):107. doi: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-107. [PMID: 21711516]
  • Oliver Weingärtner, Christof Ulrich, Dieter Lütjohann, Kenan Ismail, Stephan H Schirmer, Tim Vanmierlo, Michael Böhm, Ulrich Laufs. Differential effects on inhibition of cholesterol absorption by plant stanol and plant sterol esters in apoE-/- mice. Cardiovascular research. 2011 Jun; 90(3):484-92. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvr020. [PMID: 21257611]
  • Yuguang Lin, Mario A Vermeer, Elke A Trautwein. Triterpenic Acids Present in Hawthorn Lower Plasma Cholesterol by Inhibiting Intestinal ACAT Activity in Hamsters. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM. 2011; 2011(?):801272. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nep007. [PMID: 19228775]
  • Helena Gylling, Maarit Hallikainen, Markku J Nissinen, Piia Simonen, Tatu A Miettinen. Very high plant stanol intake and serum plant stanols and non-cholesterol sterols. European journal of nutrition. 2010 Mar; 49(2):111-7. doi: 10.1007/s00394-009-0055-5. [PMID: 19774436]
  • Qixuan Chen, Heidi Gruber, Eleonora Swist, Kara Coville, Catherine Pakenham, Walisundera Mn Ratnayake, Kylie A Scoggan. Dietary phytosterols and phytostanols decrease cholesterol levels but increase blood pressure in WKY inbred rats in the absence of salt-loading. Nutrition & metabolism. 2010 Feb; 7(?):11. doi: 10.1186/1743-7075-7-11. [PMID: 20637058]
  • Don S Lin, Robert D Steiner, Louise S Merkens, Anuradha S Pappu, William E Connor. The effects of sterol structure upon sterol esterification. Atherosclerosis. 2010 Jan; 208(1):155-60. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.07.031. [PMID: 19679306]
  • J Méndez-González, S Süren-Castillo, L Calpe-Berdiel, N Rotllan, M Vázquez-Carrera, J C Escolà-Gil, F Blanco-Vaca. Disodium ascorbyl phytostanol phosphate (FM-VP4), a modified phytostanol, is a highly active hypocholesterolaemic agent that affects the enterohepatic circulation of both cholesterol and bile acids in mice. The British journal of nutrition. 2010 Jan; 103(2):153-60. doi: 10.1017/s0007114509991656. [PMID: 19822032]
  • Malene Schrøder, Christiane Fricke, Kirsten Pilegaard, Morten Poulsen, Ingmar Wester, Dieter Lütjohann, Alicja Mortensen. Effect of rapeseed oil-derived plant sterol and stanol esters on atherosclerosis parameters in cholesterol-challenged heterozygous Watanabe heritable hyperlipidaemic rabbits. The British journal of nutrition. 2009 Dec; 102(12):1740-51. doi: 10.1017/s0007114509991206. [PMID: 19772679]
  • Oliver Weingärtner, Michael Böhm, Ulrich Laufs. Controversial role of plant sterol esters in the management of hypercholesterolaemia. European heart journal. 2009 Feb; 30(4):404-9. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehn580. [PMID: 19158117]
  • Qixuan Chen, Heidi Gruber, Catherine Pakenham, Walisundera M N Ratnayake, Kylie A Scoggan. Dietary phytosterols and phytostanols alter the expression of sterol-regulatory genes in SHRSP and WKY inbred rats. Annals of nutrition & metabolism. 2009; 55(4):341-50. doi: 10.1159/000252350. [PMID: 19851062]
  • Ariënne de Jong, Jogchum Plat, Dieter Lütjohann, Ronald P Mensink. Effects of long-term plant sterol or stanol ester consumption on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in subjects on statin treatment. The British journal of nutrition. 2008 Nov; 100(5):937-41. doi: 10.1017/s0007114508966113. [PMID: 18846701]
  • Xiaoming Jia, Yanfeng Chen, Jeffrey Zidichouski, Junzeng Zhang, Changhao Sun, Yanwen Wang. Co-administration of berberine and plant stanols synergistically reduces plasma cholesterol in rats. Atherosclerosis. 2008 Nov; 201(1):101-7. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.03.008. [PMID: 18430428]
  • Maud N Vissers, Mieke D Trip, P Haydn Pritchard, Patrick Tam, Tatjana Lukic, Monique G de Sain-van der Velden, Martina de Barse, John J P Kastelein. Efficacy and safety of disodium ascorbyl phytostanol phosphates in men with moderate dyslipidemia. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2008 Jul; 64(7):651-61. doi: 10.1007/s00228-008-0462-1. [PMID: 18320185]
  • S Klingberg, H Andersson, A Mulligan, A Bhaniani, A Welch, S Bingham, K-T Khaw, S Andersson, L Ellegård. Food sources of plant sterols in the EPIC Norfolk population. European journal of clinical nutrition. 2008 Jun; 62(6):695-703. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602765. [PMID: 17440516]
  • Klaus Fassbender, Dieter Lütjohann, Miranda G Dik, Marijke Bremmer, Jochem König, Silke Walter, Yang Liu, Maryse Letièmbre, Klaus von Bergmann, Cees Jonker. Moderately elevated plant sterol levels are associated with reduced cardiovascular risk--the LASA study. Atherosclerosis. 2008 Jan; 196(1):283-288. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.10.032. [PMID: 17137582]
  • Junhua Han, Yuexin Yang, Meiyuan Feng, Guodong Wang. [Analysis of phytosterol contents in Chinese plant food and primary estimation of its intake of people]. Wei sheng yan jiu = Journal of hygiene research. 2007 May; 36(3):301-5. doi: ". [PMID: 17712945]
  • Markku J Nissinen, Helena Gylling, Tatu A Miettinen. Effects of plant stanol esters supplied in a fat free milieu by pastilles on cholesterol metabolism in colectomized human subjects. Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD. 2006 Sep; 16(6):426-35. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2005.07.005. [PMID: 16935701]
  • Toshiyuki Ohnishi, Bunta Watanabe, Kanzo Sakata, Masaharu Mizutani. CYP724B2 and CYP90B3 function in the early C-22 hydroxylation steps of brassinosteroid biosynthetic pathway in tomato. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry. 2006 Sep; 70(9):2071-80. doi: 10.1271/bbb.60034. [PMID: 16960392]
  • A de Jong, J Plat, R P Mensink. Plant sterol or stanol consumption does not affect erythrocyte osmotic fragility in patients on statin treatment. European journal of clinical nutrition. 2006 Aug; 60(8):985-90. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602409. [PMID: 16482072]
  • Satomi Fujita, Toshiyuki Ohnishi, Bunta Watanabe, Takao Yokota, Suguru Takatsuto, Shozo Fujioka, Shigeo Yoshida, Kanzo Sakata, Masaharu Mizutani. Arabidopsis CYP90B1 catalyses the early C-22 hydroxylation of C27, C28 and C29 sterols. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology. 2006 Mar; 45(5):765-74. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2005.02639.x. [PMID: 16460510]
  • Craig S Patch, Linda C Tapsell, Peter G Williams, Michelle Gordon. Plant sterols as dietary adjuvants in the reduction of cardiovascular risk: theory and evidence. Vascular health and risk management. 2006; 2(2):157-62. doi: 10.2147/vhrm.2006.2.2.157. [PMID: 17319460]
  • Katherine M Phillips, David M Ruggio, Mehdi Ashraf-Khorassani. Phytosterol composition of nuts and seeds commonly consumed in the United States. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2005 Nov; 53(24):9436-45. doi: 10.1021/jf051505h. [PMID: 16302759]
  • William E Connor, Don S Lin, Anuradha S Pappu, Jiri Frohlich, Glenn Gerhard. Dietary sitostanol and campestanol: accumulation in the blood of humans with sitosterolemia and xanthomatosis and in rat tissues. Lipids. 2005 Sep; 40(9):919-23. doi: 10.1007/s11745-005-1452-7. [PMID: 16331855]
  • Jianliang Chen, Ashok Batta, Shuqin Zheng, Wayne R Fitzgibbon, Michael E Ullian, Hongwei Yu, Patrick Tso, Gerald Salen, Shailendra B Patel. The missense mutation in Abcg5 gene in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) segregates with phytosterolemia but not hypertension. BMC genetics. 2005 Jul; 6(?):40. doi: 10.1186/1471-2156-6-40. [PMID: 16026620]
  • A Kabouche, N Boutaghane, Z Kabouche, E Seguin, F Tillequin, K Benlabed. Components and antibacterial activity of the roots of Salvia jaminiana. Fitoterapia. 2005 Jul; 76(5):450-2. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2005.03.011. [PMID: 15893885]
  • Young-Soo Kim, Tae-Wuk Kim, Seong-Ki Kim. Brassinosteroids are inherently biosynthesized in the primary roots of maize, Zea mays L. Phytochemistry. 2005 May; 66(9):1000-6. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.03.007. [PMID: 15896368]
  • Petri S Koponen, Petteri Nieminen, Anne-Mari Mustonen, Jussi V K Kukkonen. Postmetamorphic Xenopus laevis shows decreased plasma triiodothyronine concentrations and phosphorylase activity due to subacute phytosterol exposure. Chemosphere. 2004 Dec; 57(11):1683-9. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.07.029. [PMID: 15519414]
  • Takahito Nomura, Corinne E Jager, Yukiko Kitasaka, Keiichi Takeuchi, Motohiro Fukami, Koichi Yoneyama, Yasuhiko Matsushita, Hiroshi Nyunoya, Suguru Takatsuto, Shozo Fujioka, Jennifer J Smith, L Huub J Kerckhoffs, James B Reid, Takao Yokota. Brassinosteroid deficiency due to truncated steroid 5alpha-reductase causes dwarfism in the lk mutant of pea. Plant physiology. 2004 Aug; 135(4):2220-9. doi: 10.1104/pp.104.043786. [PMID: 15286289]
  • Igor Mezine, Huizhen Zhang, Carlos Macku, Robert Lijana. Analysis of plant sterol and stanol esters in cholesterol-lowering spreads and beverages using high-performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectroscopy. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2003 Sep; 51(19):5639-46. doi: 10.1021/jf030030w. [PMID: 12952413]
  • P Haydn Pritchard, Min Li, Catalina Zamfir, Tatjana Lukic, Egon Novak, Mohammed H Moghadasian. Comparison of cholesterol-lowering efficacy and anti-atherogenic properties of hydrogenated versus non-hydrogenated (Phytrol) tall oil-derived phytosterols in apo E-deficient mice. Cardiovascular drugs and therapy. 2003 Sep; 17(5-6):443-9. doi: 10.1023/b:card.0000015859.37581.f1. [PMID: 15107599]
  • Yasuhiko Homma, Ikuo Ikeda, Toshitsugu Ishikawa, Masao Tateno, Michihiro Sugano, Haruo Nakamura. Decrease in plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, cholesteryl ester transfer protein, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein by plant stanol ester-containing spread: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.). 2003 Apr; 19(4):369-74. doi: 10.1016/s0899-9007(02)00926-7. [PMID: 12679174]
  • Michael Igel, Uwe Giesa, Dieter Lutjohann, Klaus von Bergmann. Comparison of the intestinal uptake of cholesterol, plant sterols, and stanols in mice. Journal of lipid research. 2003 Mar; 44(3):533-8. doi: 10.1194/jlr.m200393-jlr200. [PMID: 12562824]
  • Jacqueline De Graaf, Pernette R W De Sauvage Nolting, Marjel Van Dam, Elizabeth M Belsey, John J P Kastelein, P Haydn Pritchard, Anton F H Stalenhoef. Consumption of tall oil-derived phytosterols in a chocolate matrix significantly decreases plasma total and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels. The British journal of nutrition. 2002 Nov; 88(5):479-88. doi: 10.1079/bjn2002690. [PMID: 12425728]
  • Maarit Hallikainen, Essi Sarkkinen, Ingmar Wester, Matti Uusitupa. Short-term LDL cholesterol-lowering efficacy of plant stanol esters. BMC cardiovascular disorders. 2002 Aug; 2(?):14. doi: 10.1186/1471-2261-2-14. [PMID: 12197945]
  • Naoko Nakajima, Shozo Fujioka, Takashi Tanaka, Suguru Takatsuto, Shigeo Yoshida. Biosynthesis of cholestanol in higher plants. Phytochemistry. 2002 Jun; 60(3):275-9. doi: 10.1016/s0031-9422(02)00113-9. [PMID: 12031446]
  • Richard E Ostlund, Janet B McGill, Chun-Min Zeng, Douglas F Covey, Jay Stearns, William F Stenson, Curtis A Spilburg. Gastrointestinal absorption and plasma kinetics of soy Delta(5)-phytosterols and phytostanols in humans. American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism. 2002 Apr; 282(4):E911-6. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00328.2001. [PMID: 11882512]
  • Ronald P Mensink, Spike Ebbing, Martijn Lindhout, Jogchum Plat, Marjolien M A van Heugten. Effects of plant stanol esters supplied in low-fat yoghurt on serum lipids and lipoproteins, non-cholesterol sterols and fat soluble antioxidant concentrations. Atherosclerosis. 2002 Jan; 160(1):205-13. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9150(01)00562-7. [PMID: 11755939]
  • G Xu, G Salen, S Shefer, G S Tint, L B Nguyen, A K Batta, M Pcolinsky. Plant stanol fatty acid esters inhibit cholesterol absorption and hepatic hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity to reduce plasma levels in rabbits. Metabolism: clinical and experimental. 2001 Sep; 50(9):1106-12. doi: 10.1053/meta.2001.25664. [PMID: 11555847]
  • O L Volger, R P Mensink, J Plat, G Hornstra, L M Havekes, H M Princen. Dietary vegetable oil and wood derived plant stanol esters reduce atherosclerotic lesion size and severity in apoE*3-Leiden transgenic mice. Atherosclerosis. 2001 Aug; 157(2):375-81. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9150(00)00750-4. [PMID: 11472737]
  • T Asami, M Mizutani, S Fujioka, H Goda, Y K Min, Y Shimada, T Nakano, S Takatsuto, T Matsuyama, N Nagata, K Sakata, S Yoshida. Selective interaction of triazole derivatives with DWF4, a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase of the brassinosteroid biosynthetic pathway, correlates with brassinosteroid deficiency in planta. The Journal of biological chemistry. 2001 Jul; 276(28):25687-91. doi: 10.1074/jbc.m103524200. [PMID: 11319239]
  • O L Volger, H van der Boom, E C de Wit, W van Duyvenvoorde, G Hornstra, J Plat, L M Havekes, R P Mensink, H M Princen. Dietary plant stanol esters reduce VLDL cholesterol secretion and bile saturation in apolipoprotein E*3-Leiden transgenic mice. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology. 2001 Jun; 21(6):1046-52. doi: 10.1161/01.atv.21.6.1046. [PMID: 11397718]
  • J Plat, R P Mensink. Effects of diets enriched with two different plant stanol ester mixtures on plasma ubiquinol-10 and fat-soluble antioxidant concentrations. Metabolism: clinical and experimental. 2001 May; 50(5):520-9. doi: 10.1053/meta.2001.22509. [PMID: 11319712]
  • T Nomura, T Sato, G J Bishop, Y Kamiya, S Takatsuto, T Yokota. Accumulation of 6-deoxocathasterone and 6-deoxocastasterone in Arabidopsis, pea and tomato is suggestive of common rate-limiting steps in brassinosteroid biosynthesis. Phytochemistry. 2001 May; 57(2):171-8. doi: 10.1016/s0031-9422(00)00440-4. [PMID: 11382232]
  • J Plat, R P Mensink. Effects of plant sterols and stanols on lipid metabolism and cardiovascular risk. Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD. 2001 Feb; 11(1):31-40. doi: . [PMID: 11383323]
  • K M Wasan, L Holtorf, R Subramanian, S M Cassidy, P H Pritchard, D J Stewart, E Novak, M H Moghadasian. Assessing plasma pharmacokinetics of cholesterol following oral coadministration with a novel vegetable stanol mixture to fasting rats. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 2001 Jan; 90(1):23-8. doi: 10.1002/1520-6017(200101)90:1<23::aid-jps3>3.0.co;2-p. [PMID: 11064375]
  • G Salen, G Xu, G S Tint, A K Batta, S Shefer. Hyperabsorption and retention of campestanol in a sitosterolemic homozygote: comparison with her mother and three control subjects. Journal of lipid research. 2000 Nov; 41(11):1883-9. doi: . [PMID: 11060358]
  • J Plat, E N van Onselen, M M van Heugten, R P Mensink. Effects on serum lipids, lipoproteins and fat soluble antioxidant concentrations of consumption frequency of margarines and shortenings enriched with plant stanol esters. European journal of clinical nutrition. 2000 Sep; 54(9):671-7. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601071. [PMID: 11002377]
  • M A Hallikainen, E S Sarkkinen, H Gylling, A T Erkkilä, M I Uusitupa. Comparison of the effects of plant sterol ester and plant stanol ester-enriched margarines in lowering serum cholesterol concentrations in hypercholesterolaemic subjects on a low-fat diet. European journal of clinical nutrition. 2000 Sep; 54(9):715-25. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601083. [PMID: 11002384]
  • D J Sanders, H J Minter, D Howes, P A Hepburn. The safety evaluation of phytosterol esters. Part 6. The comparative absorption and tissue distribution of phytosterols in the rat. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association. 2000 Jun; 38(6):485-91. doi: 10.1016/s0278-6915(00)00021-1. [PMID: 10828500]
  • M A Hallikainen, E S Sarkkinen, M I Uusitupa. Plant stanol esters affect serum cholesterol concentrations of hypercholesterolemic men and women in a dose-dependent manner. The Journal of nutrition. 2000 Apr; 130(4):767-76. doi: 10.1093/jn/130.4.767. [PMID: 10736328]
  • J Plat, R P Mensink. Vegetable oil based versus wood based stanol ester mixtures: effects on serum lipids and hemostatic factors in non-hypercholesterolemic subjects. Atherosclerosis. 2000 Jan; 148(1):101-12. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9150(99)00261-0. [PMID: 10580176]
  • T T Nguyen, L C Dale, K von Bergmann, I T Croghan. Cholesterol-lowering effect of stanol ester in a US population of mildly hypercholesterolemic men and women: a randomized controlled trial. Mayo Clinic proceedings. 1999 Dec; 74(12):1198-206. doi: 10.4065/74.12.1198. [PMID: 10593347]
  • K M Phillips, D M Ruggio, J A Bailey. Precise quantitative determination of phytosterols, stanols, and cholesterol metabolites in human serum by capillary gas-liquid chromatography. Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications. 1999 Sep; 732(1):17-29. doi: 10.1016/s0378-4347(99)00257-1. [PMID: 10517218]
  • H Gylling, T A Miettinen. Cholesterol reduction by different plant stanol mixtures and with variable fat intake. Metabolism: clinical and experimental. 1999 May; 48(5):575-80. doi: 10.1016/s0026-0495(99)90053-7. [PMID: 10337856]
  • G Xu, G Salen, G S Tint, A K Batta, S Shefer. Campestanol (24-methyl-5alpha-cholestan-3beta-ol) absorption and distribution in New Zealand White rabbits: effect of dietary sitostanol. Metabolism: clinical and experimental. 1999 Mar; 48(3):363-8. doi: 10.1016/s0026-0495(99)90086-0. [PMID: 10094114]
  • . . . . doi: . [PMID: 9927639]
  • . . . . doi: . [PMID: 14502988]
  • . . . . doi: . [PMID: 10982435]
  • . . . . doi: . [PMID: 10398719]