NCBI Taxonomy: 49647
Primula (ncbi_taxid: 49647)
found 120 associated metabolites at genus taxonomy rank level.
Ancestor: Primulaceae
Child Taxonomies: Primula meadia, Primula modesta, Primula sieboldii, Primula matthioli, Primula nipponica, Primula bella, Primula densa, Primula veris, Primula minor, Primula lutea, Primula cuneifolia, Primula sorachiana, Primula eximia, Primula incana, Primula minima, Primula nutans, Primula patens, Primula blinii, Primula reinii, Primula parryi, Primula rugosa, Primula wangii, Primula pumila, Primula cottia, Primula ambita, Primula effusa, Primula munroi, Primula advena, Primula algida, Primula deorum, Primula faberi, Primula rusbyi, Primula cernua, Primula ioessa, Primula juliae, Primula glabra, Primula mollis, Primula reidii, Primula vialii, Primula boveana, Primula kisoana, Primula stricta, Primula limbata, Primula palmata, Primula grandis, Primula hirsuta, Primula villosa, Primula walshii, Primula davisii, Primula jesoana, Primula diantha, Primula epilosa, Primula prattii, Primula spicata, Primula boothii, Primula clarkei, Primula frigida, Primula elatior, Primula aliciae, Primula poetica, Primula aureata, Primula caveana, Primula halleri, Primula deflexa, Primula exscapa, Primula florida, Primula luteola, Primula nivalis, Primula pinnata, Primula pumilio, Primula serrata, Primula reptans, Primula scotica, Primula hookeri, Primula soongii, Primula souliei, Primula tanneri, Primula vulgaris, Primula watsonii, Primula waltonii, Primula farinosa, Primula borealis, Primula clusiana, Primula wilsonii, Primula frondosa, Primula simensis, Primula purdomii, Primula russeola, Primula caldaria, Primula helodoxa, Primula malvacea, Primula saturata, Primula sertulum, Primula violaris, Primula allionii, Primula apennina, Primula homogama, Primula auricula, Primula balbisii, Primula pamirica, Primula tibetica, Primula violacea, Primula dumicola, Primula alpicola, Primula japonica, Primula maguirei, Primula palinuri, Primula obconica, Primula sinensis, Primula melanops, Primula oreodoxa, Primula virginis, Primula alcalina, Primula capitata, Primula concinna, Primula latiloba, Primula jeffreyi, Primula elongata, Primula erratica, Primula fragrans, Primula firmipes, Primula flaccida, Primula forbesii, Primula longipes, Primula hidakana, Primula beesiana, Primula inayatii, Primula tsiangii, Primula frenchii, Primula annulata, Primula strumosa, Primula ninguida, Primula stuartii, Primula takedana, Primula glutinosa, Primula fistulosa, Primula kawasimae, Primula pellucida, Primula saxatilis, Primula aromatica, Primula laciniata, Primula tangutica, Primula efarinosa, Primula bulleyana, Primula polyneura, Primula latifolia, Primula pycnoloba, Primula rubifolia, Primula smithiana, Primula sunhangii, Primula anisodora, Primula burmanica, Primula renifolia, Primula daonensis, Primula conspersa, Primula miyabeana, Primula gaubaeana, Primula rupestris, Primula agleniana, Primula duclouxii, Primula kialensis, Primula bracteata, Primula tetrandra, Primula darialica, Primula fassettii, Primula elliptica, Primula bracteosa, Primula forrestii, Primula gemmifera, Primula glomerata, Primula utahensis, Primula florindae, Primula poissonii, Primula knuthiana, Primula marginata, Primula latisecta, Primula muscoides, Primula conjugens, Primula prenantha, Primula petelotii, Primula prolifera, Primula pulchella, Primula primulina, Primula siamensis, Primula candicans, Primula tenuiloba, Primula taliensis, Primula tosaensis, Primula wigramiana, Primula yuparensis, Primula qiupuensis, Primula hubeiensis, Primula ruprechtii, Primula handeliana, Primula barbicalyx, Primula melanantha, Primula calyptrata, Primula woodwardii, Primula chapaensis, Primula ovalifolia, Primula bukukunica, Primula sinomollis, Primula grignensis, Primula albenensis, Primula carniolica, Primula tyrolensis, Primula wulfeniana, Primula stenodonta, Primula persimilis, Primula cusickiana, Primula edelbergii, Primula filchnerae, Primula malacoides, Primula veitchiana, Primula stenocalyx, Primula tardiflora, Primula pauciflora, Primula hunanensis, Primula auriculata, Primula calderiana, Primula chungensis, Primula anvilensis, Primula asarifolia, Primula aurantiaca, Primula capillaris, Primula floribunda, Primula calliantha, Primula chionantha, Primula longiscapa, Primula reticulata, Primula petiolaris, Primula septemloba, Primula cawdoriana, Primula specuicola, Primula valentinae, Primula yunnanensis, Primula wannanensis, Primula laurentiana, Primula spectabilis, Primula mazurenkoae, Primula xanthobasis, Primula obtusifolia, Primula interjacens, Primula moupinensis, Primula partschiana, Primula mallophylla, Primula melanodonta, Primula macrophylla, Primula glaucescens, Primula pedemontana, Primula leucophylla, Primula zambalensis, Primula x polyantha, Primula sinolisteri, Primula longipilosa, Primula involucrata, Primula cortusoides, Primula merrilliana, Primula sikkimensis, Primula szechuanica, Primula undulifolia, Primula x pubescens, Primula capitellata, Primula denticulata, Primula clevelandii, Primula dryadifolia, Primula hendersonii, Primula amethystina, Primula standleyana, Primula deuteronana, Primula fasciculata, Primula magellanica, Primula littledalei, Primula minutissima, Primula odontocalyx, Primula orbicularis, Primula pinnatifida, Primula atrodentata, Primula sonchifolia, Primula stirtoniana, unclassified Primula, Primula angustifolia, Primula mistassinica, Primula scandinavica, Primula secundiflora, Primula kaufmanniana, Primula subpyrenaica, Primula turkestanica, Primula poloninensis, Primula celsiiformis, Primula serratifolia, Primula chrysochlora, Primula kitaibeliana, Primula vilmoriniana, Primula bellidifolia, Primula cockburniana, Primula egaliksensis, Primula valentiniana, Primula fedtschenkoi, Primula baldshuanica, Primula cachemiriana, Primula geraniifolia, Primula integrifolia, Primula pulverulenta, Primula megaseifolia, Primula maximowiczii, Primula muscarioides, Primula rotundifolia, Primula erythrocarpa, Primula verticillata, Primula ranunculoides, Primula kweichouensis, Primula recubariensis, Primula sachalinensis, Primula heucherifolia, Primula hongshanensis, Primula membranifolia, Primula suffrutescens, Primula botschantzevii, Primula tschuktschorum, Primula blattariformis, Primula kwangtungensis, Primula dongchuanensis, Primula cicutariifolia, Primula x uzungolensis, Primula warshenewskiana, Primula sinoplantaginea, Primula boreiocalliantha, Primula jiugongshanensis, Primula pseudodenticulata, Primula schlagintweitiana, Primula lutea x Primula hirsuta, Primula aff. denticulata Mast s.n., Primula elatior x Primula vulgaris, Primula beesiana x Primula bulleyana, Primula alpicola x Primula florindae, Primula latifolia x Primula marginata, Primula poissonii x Primula secundiflora
Sarsasapogenin
(25S)-5beta-spirostan-3beta-ol is a sapogenin. Sarsasapogenin is a natural product found in Yucca gloriosa, Narthecium ossifragum, and other organisms with data available. Constituent of Radix sarsaparilla (sarsaparilla root). Sarsasapogenin is found in asparagus, herbs and spices, and fenugreek. Sarsasapogenin is found in asparagus. Sarsasapogenin is a constituent of Radix sarsaparilla (sarsaparilla root) C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C1931 - Antineoplastic Plant Product > C823 - Saponin C1907 - Drug, Natural Product Sarsasapogenin is a sapogenin from the Chinese medical herb Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge, with antidiabetic, anti-oxidative, anticancer and anti-inflamatory activities. Sarsasapogenin is a sapogenin from the Chinese medical herb Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge, with antidiabetic, anti-oxidative, anticancer and anti-inflamatory activities.
Flavone
Flavone is the simplest member of the class of flavones that consists of 4H-chromen-4-one bearing a phenyl substituent at position 2. It has a role as a metabolite and a nematicide. Flavone is a natural product found in Grindelia hirsutula, Asphodeline damascena, and other organisms with data available. Quercetin is a flavonoid that forms the "backbone" for many other flavonoids, including the citrus flavonoids rutin, hesperidin, naringin and tangeritin. In studies, quercetin is found to be the most active of the flavonoids, and many medicinal plants owe much of their activity to their high quercetin content. Quercetin has demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activity because of direct inhibition of several initial processes of inflammation. For example, it inhibits both the manufacture and release of histamine and other allergic/inflammatory mediators. In addition, it exerts potent antioxidant activity and vitamin C-sparing action. Flavone is an endogenous metabolite. Flavone is an endogenous metabolite.
linolenate(18:3)
alpha-Linolenic acid (ALA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). It is a member of the group of essential fatty acids called omega-3 fatty acids. alpha-Linolenic acid, in particular, is not synthesized by mammals and therefore is an essential dietary requirement for all mammals. Certain nuts (English walnuts) and vegetable oils (canola, soybean, flaxseed/linseed, olive) are particularly rich in alpha-linolenic acid. Omega-3 fatty acids get their name based on the location of one of their first double bond. In all omega-3 fatty acids, the first double bond is located between the third and fourth carbon atom counting from the methyl end of the fatty acid (n-3). Although humans and other mammals can synthesize saturated and some monounsaturated fatty acids from carbon groups in carbohydrates and proteins, they lack the enzymes necessary to insert a cis double bond at the n-6 or the n-3 position of a fatty acid. Omega-3 fatty acids like alpha-linolenic acid are important structural components of cell membranes. When incorporated into phospholipids, they affect cell membrane properties such as fluidity, flexibility, permeability, and the activity of membrane-bound enzymes. Omega-3 fatty acids can modulate the expression of a number of genes, including those involved with fatty acid metabolism and inflammation. alpha-Linolenic acid and other omega-3 fatty acids may regulate gene expression by interacting with specific transcription factors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and liver X receptors (LXRs). alpha-Linolenic acid is found to be associated with isovaleric acidemia, which is an inborn error of metabolism. α-Linolenic acid can be obtained by humans only through their diets. Humans lack the desaturase enzymes required for processing stearic acid into A-linoleic acid or other unsaturated fatty acids. Dietary α-linolenic acid is metabolized to stearidonic acid, a precursor to a collection of polyunsaturated 20-, 22-, 24-, etc fatty acids (eicosatetraenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, tetracosapentaenoic acid, 6,9,12,15,18,21-tetracosahexaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid).[12] Because the efficacy of n−3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) synthesis decreases down the cascade of α-linolenic acid conversion, DHA synthesis from α-linolenic acid is even more restricted than that of EPA.[13] Conversion of ALA to DHA is higher in women than in men.[14] α-Linolenic acid, also known as alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) (from Greek alpha meaning "first" and linon meaning flax), is an n−3, or omega-3, essential fatty acid. ALA is found in many seeds and oils, including flaxseed, walnuts, chia, hemp, and many common vegetable oils. In terms of its structure, it is named all-cis-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid.[2] In physiological literature, it is listed by its lipid number, 18:3 (n−3). It is a carboxylic acid with an 18-carbon chain and three cis double bonds. The first double bond is located at the third carbon from the methyl end of the fatty acid chain, known as the n end. Thus, α-linolenic acid is a polyunsaturated n−3 (omega-3) fatty acid. It is a regioisomer of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), an 18:3 (n−6) fatty acid (i.e., a polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid with three double bonds). Alpha-linolenic acid is a linolenic acid with cis-double bonds at positions 9, 12 and 15. Shown to have an antithrombotic effect. It has a role as a micronutrient, a nutraceutical and a mouse metabolite. It is an omega-3 fatty acid and a linolenic acid. It is a conjugate acid of an alpha-linolenate and a (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoate. Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is a polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid. It is a component of many common vegetable oils and is important to human nutrition. alpha-Linolenic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Linolenic Acid is a natural product found in Prunus mume, Dipteryx lacunifera, and other organisms with data available. Linolenic Acid is an essential fatty acid belonging to the omega-3 fatty acids group. It is highly concentrated in certain plant oils and has been reported to inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandin resulting in reduced inflammation and prevention of certain chronic diseases. Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is a polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid. It is a component of many common vegetable oils and is important to human nutrition. A fatty acid that is found in plants and involved in the formation of prostaglandins. Seed oils are the richest sources of α-linolenic acid, notably those of hempseed, chia, perilla, flaxseed (linseed oil), rapeseed (canola), and soybeans. α-Linolenic acid is also obtained from the thylakoid membranes in the leaves of Pisum sativum (pea leaves).[3] Plant chloroplasts consisting of more than 95 percent of photosynthetic thylakoid membranes are highly fluid due to the large abundance of ALA, evident as sharp resonances in high-resolution carbon-13 NMR spectra.[4] Some studies state that ALA remains stable during processing and cooking.[5] However, other studies state that ALA might not be suitable for baking as it will polymerize with itself, a feature exploited in paint with transition metal catalysts. Some ALA may also oxidize at baking temperatures. Gamma-linolenic acid (γ-Linolenic acid) is an omega-6 (n-6), 18 carbon (18C-) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) extracted from Perilla frutescens. Gamma-linolenic acid supplements could restore needed PUFAs and mitigate the disease[1]. Gamma-linolenic acid (γ-Linolenic acid) is an omega-6 (n-6), 18 carbon (18C-) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) extracted from Perilla frutescens. Gamma-linolenic acid supplements could restore needed PUFAs and mitigate the disease[1]. α-Linolenic acid, isolated from Perilla frutescens, is an essential fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by humans. α-Linolenic acid can affect the process of thrombotic through the modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling. α-Linolenic acid possess the anti-arrhythmic properties and is related to cardiovascular disease and cancer[1]. α-Linolenic acid, isolated from Perilla frutescens, is an essential fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by humans. α-Linolenic acid can affect the process of thrombotic through the modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling. α-Linolenic acid possess the anti-arrhythmic properties and is related to cardiovascular disease and cancer[1]. α-Linolenic acid, isolated from Perilla frutescens, is an essential fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by humans. α-Linolenic acid can affect the process of thrombotic through the modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling. α-Linolenic acid possess the anti-arrhythmic properties and is related to cardiovascular disease and cancer[1].
Salicylic acid
Salicylic acid is a monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid with a hydroxy group at the ortho position. It is obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves. It has a role as an antiinfective agent, an antifungal agent, a keratolytic drug, an EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor, a plant metabolite, an algal metabolite and a plant hormone. It is a conjugate acid of a salicylate. It is a colorless solid, it is a precursor to and a metabolite of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid). It is a plant hormone. The name is from Latin salix for willow tree. It is an ingredient in some anti-acne products. Salts and esters of salicylic acid are known as salicylates. Salicylic acid modulates COX1 enzymatic activity to decrease the formation of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins. Salicylate may competitively inhibit prostaglandin formation. Salicylates antirheumatic (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory) actions are a result of its analgesic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Salicylic acid works by causing the cells of the epidermis to slough off more readily, preventing pores from clogging up, and allowing room for new cell growth. Salicylic acid inhibits the oxidation of uridine-5-diphosphoglucose (UDPG) competitively with nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide and noncompetitively with UDPG. It also competitively inhibits the transferring of glucuronyl group of uridine-5-phosphoglucuronic acid to the phenolic acceptor. The wound-healing retardation action of salicylates is probably due mainly to its inhibitory action on mucopolysaccharide synthesis. Salicylic acid is biosynthesized from the amino acid phenylalanine. In Arabidopsis thaliana, it can be synthesized via a phenylalanine-independent pathway. Salicylic acid is an odorless white to light tan solid. Sinks and mixes slowly with water. (USCG, 1999) Salicylic acid is a monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid with a hydroxy group at the ortho position. It is obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves. It has a role as an antiinfective agent, an antifungal agent, a keratolytic drug, an EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor, a plant metabolite, an algal metabolite and a plant hormone. It is a conjugate acid of a salicylate. A compound obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves, and also prepared synthetically. It has bacteriostatic, fungicidal, and keratolytic actions. Its salts, the salicylates, are used as analgesics. Salicylic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Salicylic Acid is a beta hydroxy acid that occurs as a natural compound in plants. It has direct activity as an anti-inflammatory agent and acts as a topical antibacterial agent due to its ability to promote exfoliation. A compound obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves, and also prepared synthetically. It has bacteriostatic, fungicidal, and keratolytic actions. Its salts, the salicylates, are used as analgesics. A compound obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves. It has bacteriostatic, fungicidal, and keratolytic actions. See also: Benzoic Acid (has active moiety); Methyl Salicylate (active moiety of); Benzyl salicylate (is active moiety of) ... View More ... A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid with a hydroxy group at the ortho position. It is obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves. Salicylic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=69-72-7 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 69-72-7). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Salicylic acid (2-Hydroxybenzoic acid) inhibits cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity independently of transcription factor (NF-κB) activation[1]. Salicylic acid (2-Hydroxybenzoic acid) inhibits cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity independently of transcription factor (NF-κB) activation[1].
Kaempferol
Kaempferol is a tetrahydroxyflavone in which the four hydroxy groups are located at positions 3, 5, 7 and 4. Acting as an antioxidant by reducing oxidative stress, it is currently under consideration as a possible cancer treatment. It has a role as an antibacterial agent, a plant metabolite, a human xenobiotic metabolite, a human urinary metabolite, a human blood serum metabolite and a geroprotector. It is a member of flavonols, a 7-hydroxyflavonol and a tetrahydroxyflavone. It is a conjugate acid of a kaempferol oxoanion. Kaempferol is a natural product found in Lotus ucrainicus, Visnea mocanera, and other organisms with data available. Kaempferol is a natural flavonoid which has been isolated from Delphinium, Witch-hazel, grapefruit, and other plant sources. Kaempferol is a yellow crystalline solid with a melting point of 276-278 degree centigrade. It is slightly soluble in water, and well soluble in hot ethanol and diethyl ether. Kaempferol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Cannabis sativa subsp. indica top (part of); Tussilago farfara flower (part of). Kaempferol, also known as rhamnolutein or c.i. 75640, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as flavonols. Flavonols are compounds that contain a flavone (2-phenyl-1-benzopyran-4-one) backbone carrying a hydroxyl group at the 3-position. Thus, kaempferol is considered to be a flavonoid molecule. A tetrahydroxyflavone in which the four hydroxy groups are located at positions 3, 5, 7 and 4. Kaempferol is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Kaempferol exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Kaempferol is a bitter tasting compound. Kaempferol is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as saffrons, capers, and cumins and in a lower concentration in lovages, endives, and cloves. Kaempferol has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as shallots, pine nuts, feijoa, kombus, and chicory leaves. This could make kaempferol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Kaempferol is a potentially toxic compound. Very widespread in the plant world, e.g. in Brassicaceae, Apocynaceae, Dilleniaceae, Ranunculaceae, Leguminosae, etc. Found especies in broccoli, capers, chives, kale, garden cress, fennel, lovage, dill weed and tarragon [CCD] A tetrahydroxyflavone in which the four hydroxy groups are located at positions 3, 5, 7 and 4. Acting as an antioxidant by reducing oxidative stress, it is currently under consideration as a possible cancer treatment. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 898; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX500; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3906; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3905 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 898; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX500; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3916; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3915 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 898; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX500; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3928; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3927 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 898; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4291; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4290 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 898; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX500; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3918; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3917 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 898; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX500; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3915; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3914 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. INTERNAL_ID 2358; CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1) CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2358 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 47 CONFIDENCE standard compound; ML_ID 45 Kaempferol (Kempferol), a flavonoid found in many edible plants, inhibits estrogen receptor α expression in breast cancer cells and induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells and lung cancer cells by activation of MEK-MAPK. Kaempferol can be uesd for the research of breast cancer[1][2][3][4]. Kaempferol (Kempferol), a flavonoid found in many edible plants, inhibits estrogen receptor α expression in breast cancer cells and induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells and lung cancer cells by activation of MEK-MAPK. Kaempferol can be uesd for the research of breast cancer[1][2][3][4].
beta-Sitosterol
beta-Sitosterol, a main dietary phytosterol found in plants, may have the potential for prevention and therapy for human cancer. Phytosterols are plant sterols found in foods such as oils, nuts, and vegetables. Phytosterols, in the same way as cholesterol, contain a double bond and are susceptible to oxidation, and are characterized by anti-carcinogenic and anti-atherogenic properties (PMID:13129445, 11432711). beta-Sitosterol is a phytopharmacological extract containing a mixture of phytosterols, with smaller amounts of other sterols, bonded with glucosides. These phytosterols are commonly derived from the South African star grass, Hypoxis rooperi, or from species of Pinus and Picea. The purported active constituent is termed beta-sitosterol. Additionally, the quantity of beta-sitosterol-beta-D-glucoside is often reported. Although the exact mechanism of action of beta-sitosterols is unknown, it may be related to cholesterol metabolism or anti-inflammatory effects (via interference with prostaglandin metabolism). Compared with placebo, beta-sitosterol improved urinary symptom scores and flow measures (PMID:10368239). A plant food-based diet modifies the serum beta-sitosterol concentration in hyperandrogenic postmenopausal women. This finding indicates that beta-sitosterol can be used as a biomarker of exposure in observational studies or as a compliance indicator in dietary intervention studies of cancer prevention (PMID:14652381). beta-Sitosterol induces apoptosis and activates key caspases in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells (PMID:12579296). Sitosterol is a member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. It has a role as a sterol methyltransferase inhibitor, an anticholesteremic drug, an antioxidant, a plant metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a 3beta-sterol, a stigmastane sterol, a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid, a C29-steroid and a member of phytosterols. It derives from a hydride of a stigmastane. Active fraction of Solanum trilobatum; reduces side-effects of radiation-induced toxicity. Beta-Sitosterol is a natural product found in Elodea canadensis, Ophiopogon intermedius, and other organisms with data available. beta-Sitosterol is one of several phytosterols (plant sterols) with chemical structures similar to that of cholesterol. Sitosterols are white, waxy powders with a characteristic odor. They are hydrophobic and soluble in alcohols. beta-Sitosterol is found in many foods, some of which are ginseng, globe artichoke, sesbania flower, and common oregano. C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28178 - Phytosterol > C68437 - Unsaturated Phytosterol D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1]. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1].
Betulin
Betulin is found in black elderberry. Betulin is a constituent of Corylus avellana (filbert) and Vicia faba. Betulin (lup-20(29)-ene-3 ,28-diol) is an abundant naturally occurring triterpene. It is commonly isolated from the bark of birch trees and forms up to 30\\\\\% of the dry weight of the extractive. The purpose of the compound in the bark is not known. It can be converted to betulinic acid (the alcohol group replaced by a carboxylic acid group), which is biologically more active than betulin itself. Chemically, betulin is a triterpenoid of lupane structure. It has a pentacyclic ring structure, and hydroxyl groups in positions C3 and C28 Betulin is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is lupane having a double bond at position 20(29) as well as 3beta-hydroxy and 28-hydroxymethyl substituents. It has a role as a metabolite, an antiviral agent, an analgesic, an anti-inflammatory agent and an antineoplastic agent. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a diol. It derives from a hydride of a lupane. Betulin is a natural product found in Diospyros morrisiana, Euonymus carnosus, and other organisms with data available. A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is lupane having a double bond at position 20(29) as well as 3beta-hydroxy and 28-hydroxymethyl substituents. Constituent of Corylus avellana (filbert) and Vicia faba Betulin (Trochol), is a sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) inhibitor with an IC50 of 14.5 μM in K562 cell line. Betulin (Trochol), is a sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) inhibitor with an IC50 of 14.5 μM in K562 cell line. Betulin (Trochol), is a sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) inhibitor with an IC50 of 14.5 μM in K562 cell line.
beta-Sitosterol 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside
Daucosterol is a steroid saponin that is sitosterol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has bee isolated from Panax japonicus var. major and Breynia fruticosa. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a steroid saponin, a beta-D-glucoside and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a sitosterol. It derives from a hydride of a stigmastane. Sitogluside is a natural product found in Ophiopogon intermedius, Ophiopogon jaburan, and other organisms with data available. beta-Sitosterol 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside is found in herbs and spices. beta-Sitosterol 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside is a constituent of Hibiscus sabdariffa (roselle) leaves. C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent Daucosterol is a natural sterol compound. Daucosterol is a natural sterol compound.
Primuliten
5-Hydroxyflavone is a member of flavones. 5-Hydroxyflavone is a natural product found in Conchocarpus heterophyllus, Primula denticulata, and Lophomyrtus bullata with data available. relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.263 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.268 5-Hydroxyflavone, a flavonoid ligand, shows no cytotoxic activity against MCF-7, FaDU, MDA-MB-435S, U87, RPE-1, and HEK293 cells[1]. 5-Hydroxyflavone, a flavonoid ligand, shows no cytotoxic activity against MCF-7, FaDU, MDA-MB-435S, U87, RPE-1, and HEK293 cells[1].
Galactose
D-galactopyranose is a galactopyranose having D-configuration. It has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a D-galactose and a galactopyranose. D-Galactose is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). D-Galactose is a natural product found in Vigna subterranea, Lilium tenuifolium, and other organisms with data available. An aldohexose that occurs naturally in the D-form in lactose, cerebrosides, gangliosides, and mucoproteins. Deficiency of galactosyl-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALACTOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYL-TRANSFERASE DEFICIENCY DISEASE) causes an error in galactose metabolism called GALACTOSEMIA, resulting in elevations of galactose in the blood. V - Various > V04 - Diagnostic agents > V04C - Other diagnostic agents > V04CE - Tests for liver functional capacity Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported by the Max-Planck-Society
2-Hydroxycinnamic acid
2-coumaric acid, also known as o-coumaric acid, is a monohydroxycinnamic acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-2 of the phenyl ring. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a 2-coumarate. It is a hydroxycinnamic acid, an organic compound that is a hydroxy derivative of cinnamic acid. There are three isomers of coumaric acids: o-coumaric acid, m-coumaric acid, and p-coumaric acid, that differ by the position of the hydroxy substitution of the phenyl group. 2-Hydroxycinnamic acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxycinnamic acids. Hydroxycinnamic acids are compounds containing an cinnamic acid where the benzene ring is hydroxylated. 2-Hydroxycinnamic acid exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. 2-Hydroxycinnamic acid has been found in a few different foods, such as corns, hard wheats, and olives and in a lower concentration in pomegranates, american cranberries, and peanuts. 2-Hydroxycinnamic acid has also been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as carrots, soy beans, ryes, rye bread, and turmerics. Coumaric acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid, an organic compound that is a hydroxy derivative of cinnamic acid. There are three isomers, o-coumaric acid, m-coumaric acid, and p-coumaric acid, that differ by the position of the hydroxy substitution of the phenyl group. p-Coumaric acid is the most abundant isomer of the three in nature. o-Coumaric acid is found in many foods, some of which are common wheat, date, bilberry, and corn. 2-coumaric acid is a monohydroxycinnamic acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-2 of the phenyl ring. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a 2-coumarate. 2-Hydroxycinnamic acid is a natural product found in Mikania glomerata, Coffea arabica, and other organisms with data available. See also: Ipomoea aquatica leaf (part of). The trans-isomer of 2-coumaric acid. o-Coumaric acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=583-17-5 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 583-17-5). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
D-Glucuronate
Glucuronic acid (CAS: 6556-12-3) is a carboxylic acid that has the structure of a glucose molecule that has had its sixth carbon atom (of six total) oxidized. The salts of glucuronic acid are known as glucuronates. Glucuronic acid is highly soluble in water. In humans, glucuronic acid is often linked to toxic or poisonous substances to allow for subsequent elimination, and to hormones to allow for easier transport. These linkages involve O-glycosidic bonds. The process is known as glucuronidation, and the resulting substances are known as glucuronides (or glucuronosides). Glucuronidation uses UDP-glucuronic acid (glucuronic acid linked via a glycosidic bond to uridine diphosphate) as an intermediate. UDP-glucuronic acid is formed in the liver of all animals. D-Glucuronic acid is an important intermediate isolated from many gums. D-Glucuronic acid and its derivative glucuronolactone are as a liver antidote in the prophylaxis of human health. D-Glucuronic acid has an anti-inflammatory effect for the skin[1]. D-Glucuronic acid is an important intermediate isolated from many gums. D-Glucuronic acid and its derivative glucuronolactone are as a liver antidote in the prophylaxis of human health. D-Glucuronic acid has an anti-inflammatory effect for the skin[1].
Galacturonic acid
D-Glucuronic acid is an important intermediate isolated from many gums. D-Glucuronic acid and its derivative glucuronolactone are as a liver antidote in the prophylaxis of human health. D-Glucuronic acid has an anti-inflammatory effect for the skin[1]. D-Glucuronic acid is an important intermediate isolated from many gums. D-Glucuronic acid and its derivative glucuronolactone are as a liver antidote in the prophylaxis of human health. D-Glucuronic acid has an anti-inflammatory effect for the skin[1].
Stearidonic acid
Steridonic acid, also known as (6z,9z,12z,15z)-octadecatetraenoic acid or stearidonate, belongs to lineolic acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are derivatives of lineolic acid. Lineolic acid is a polyunsaturated omega-6 18 carbon long fatty acid, with two CC double bonds at the 9- and 12-positions. Thus, steridonic acid is considered to be a fatty acid lipid molecule. Steridonic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Steridonic acid can be found in borage, which makes steridonic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Steridonic acid can be found primarily in blood and feces. In humans, steridonic acid is involved in the alpha linolenic acid and linoleic acid metabolism. Stearidonic acid is found in dietary plant oils which are metabolized to longer-chain, more unsaturated (n-3) PUFA. These oils appear to possess hypotriglyceridemic properties typically associated with fish oils.(PMID: 15173404). Stearidonic acid may be used as a precursor to increase the EPA content of human lipids and that combinations of gamma-linolenic acid and stearidonic acid eicosapentaenoic acid can be used to manipulate the fatty acid compositions of lipid pools in subtle ways. Such effects may offer new strategies for manipulation of cell composition in order to influence cellular responses and functions in desirable ways. (PMID: 15120716).
Paeonol
A polyphenol metabolite detected in biological fluids [PhenolExplorer] Paeonol is an active extraction from the root of Paeonia suffruticosa, Paeonol inhibits MAO-A and MAO-B with IC50 of 54.6 μM and 42.5 μM, respectively. Paeonol is an active extraction from the root of Paeonia suffruticosa, Paeonol inhibits MAO-A and MAO-B with IC50 of 54.6 μM and 42.5 μM, respectively.
Vicenin 2
Constituent of lemons (Citrus limon). Vicenin 2 is found in many foods, some of which are common salsify, fenugreek, sweet orange, and cucumber. Vicenin 2 is found in citrus. Vicenin 2 is a constituent of lemons (Citrus limon) Vicenin 2 is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (IC50=43.83 μM) from the aerial parts of Desmodium styracifolium[1]. Vicenin 2 is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (IC50=43.83 μM) from the aerial parts of Desmodium styracifolium[1].
Primulasaponin
Primin
Primin is a 1,4-benzoquinone having a methoxy substituent at the 2-position and a pentyl substituent at the 6-position. It has a role as a hapten, a metabolite, an antimicrobial agent, an antifeedant and an allergen. Primin is a natural product found in Miconia eriodonta, Cophinforma mamane, and other organisms with data available. See also: Primula veris flower (part of). A 1,4-benzoquinone having a methoxy substituent at the 2-position and a pentyl substituent at the 6-position. Primin. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=15121-94-5 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 15121-94-5). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
alpha-Terpineol
alpha-Terpineol (CAS: 98-55-5) is a naturally occurring monoterpene alcohol that has been isolated from a variety of sources such as cajuput oil, pine oil, and petitgrain oil. There are three isomers of terpineol, alpha-, beta-, and gamma-terpineol, with the last two differing only by the location of the double bond. Terpineol is usually a mixture of these isomers with alpha-terpineol as the major constituent. Terpineol has a pleasant odour similar to lilac and is a common ingredient in perfumes, cosmetics, and flavours. alpha-Terpineol is occasionally found as a volatile component in urine. It is a water-soluble component of Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel, the tea tree oil (TTO). alpha-Terpineol is a likely mediator of the in vitro and in vivo activity of the TTO as an agent that could control C. albicans vaginal infections. Purified alpha-terpineol can suppress pro-inflammatory mediator production by activated human monocytes. alpha-Terpineol is able to impair the growth of human M14 melanoma cells and appear to be more effective on their resistant variants, which express high levels of P-glycoprotein in the plasma membrane, overcoming resistance to caspase-dependent apoptosis exerted by P-glycoprotein-positive tumour cells (PMID:5556886, 17083732, 11131302, 15009716). Terpineol is a naturally occurring monoterpene alcohol that has been isolated from a variety of sources such as cajuput oil, pine oil, and petitgrain oil. There are three isomers, alpha-, beta-, and gamma-terpineol, the last two differing only by the location of the double bond. Terpineol is usually a mixture of these isomers with alpha-terpineol as the major constituent. (R)-alpha-Terpineol is found in many foods, some of which are mentha (mint), sweet marjoram, lovage, and cardamom. α-Terpineol is isolated from Eucalyptus globulus Labill, exhibits strong antimicrobial activity against periodontopathic and cariogenic bacteria[1]. α-Terpineol possesses antifungal activity against T. mentagrophytes, and the activity might lead to irreversible cellular disruption[2]. α-Terpineol is isolated from Eucalyptus globulus Labill, exhibits strong antimicrobial activity against periodontopathic and cariogenic bacteria[1]. α-Terpineol possesses antifungal activity against T. mentagrophytes, and the activity might lead to irreversible cellular disruption[2].
alpha-Terpineol acetate
alpha-Terpineol acetate, also known as a-terpineol acetic acid or p-menth-1-en-8-yl acetate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as menthane monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenoids with a structure based on the o-, m-, or p-menthane backbone. P-menthane consists of the cyclohexane ring with a methyl group and a (2-methyl)-propyl group at the 1 and 4 ring position, respectively. The o- and m- menthanes are much rarer, and presumably arise by alkyl migration of p-menthanes. alpha-Terpineol acetate is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. α-Terpinyl acetate is a monoterpene ester isolated from Laurus nobilis L. essential oil. α-Terpinyl acetate is a competitive P450 2B6 substrate which binding to the active site of P450 2B6 with a Kd value of 5.4?μM[1][2]. α-Terpinyl acetate is a monoterpene ester isolated from Laurus nobilis L. essential oil. α-Terpinyl acetate is a competitive P450 2B6 substrate which binding to the active site of P450 2B6 with a Kd value of 5.4?μM[1][2].
Crocose
Crocose, also known as D-altro-3-heptulose, is a member of the class of compounds known as heptoses. Heptoses are monosaccharides in which the sugar unit is a seven-carbon containing moeity. Crocose is soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Crocose can be found in saffron, which makes crocose a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
3-Methoxyflavone
The parent member of the class of 3-methoxyflavones that is flavone which carries a methoxy group at the 3-position.
Glucose
D-Galactose (CAS: 59-23-4) is an aldohexose that occurs naturally in the D-form in lactose, cerebrosides, gangliosides, and mucoproteins. D-Galactose is an energy-providing nutrient and also a necessary basic substrate for the biosynthesis of many macromolecules in the body. Metabolic pathways for D-galactose are important not only for the provision of these pathways but also for the prevention of D-galactose metabolite accumulation. The main source of D-galactose is lactose in the milk of mammals, but it can also be found in some fruits and vegetables. Utilization of D-galactose in all living cells is initiated by the phosphorylation of the hexose by the enzyme galactokinase (E.C. 2.7.1.6) (GALK) to form D-galactose-1-phosphate. In the presence of D-galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (E.C. 2.7.7.12) (GALT) D-galactose-1-phosphate is exchanged with glucose-1-phosphate in UDP-glucose to form UDP-galactose. Glucose-1-phosphate will then enter the glycolytic pathway for energy production. Deficiency of the enzyme GALT in galactosemic patients leads to the accumulation of D-galactose-1-phosphate. Classic galactosemia, a term that denotes the presence of D-galactose in the blood, is the rare inborn error of D-galactose metabolism, diagnosed by the deficiency of the second enzyme of the D-galactose assimilation pathway, GALT, which, in turn, is caused by mutations at the GALT gene (PMID: 15256214, 11020650, 10408771). Galactose in the urine is a biomarker for the consumption of milk. Alpha-D-Pyranose-form of the compound Galactose [CCD]. alpha-D-Galactose is found in many foods, some of which are kelp, fig, spelt, and rape. Galactose. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=59-23-4 (retrieved 2024-07-16) (CAS RN: 59-23-4). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
L-Arabinose
L-Arabinose (CAS: 5328-37-0) belongs to the class of compounds known as aldopentoses. An aldopentose is a monosaccharide containing five carbon atoms, including an aldehyde (CHO) functional group. Arabinose gets its name from gum arabic, from which it was first isolate. Most saccharides found in nature are in the "D"-form, however, L-arabinose is in fact more common than D-arabinose. L-arabinose is found in nature as a component of biopolymers such as hemicellulose and pectin. L-arabinose is found in all organisms from bacteria to plants to animals. Arabinose is the second most abundant pentose in lignocellulosic biomass after xylose. There are two different arabinose utilization pathways in nature: bacterial and fungal. The bacterial pathway converts arabinose into xylulose-5-P via ribulose-5-P using three enzymes (L-arabinose isomerase, L-ribulokinase, and L-ribulose-5-P 4-epimerase) after which it enters the pentose phosphate pathway for ethanol production. The fungal pathway converts arabinose into L-arabinitol by aldose reductase (AR) or XR, L-xylulose by L-arabinitol 4-dehydrogenase (LAD), xylitol by L-xylulose reductase (LXR), D-xylulose by xylulose dehydrogenase (XDH), and D-xylulose-5-P by xylulose kinase (XK), and lastly enters the nonoxidative pentose phosphate pathway for further metabolism. Arabinose has a sweet taste and is one of the most abundant components released by complete hydrolysis of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) of vegetable origin. Although widely present in nature, L-arabinose is rarely used in food production or food flavoring, and its physiological effects in vivo have received little attention. L-arabinose is known to selectively inhibit intestinal sucrase activity in a non-competitive manner. Sucrase is the enzyme that breaks down sucrose into glucose and fructose in the small intestine. As a result, L-arabinose suppresses plasma glucose increase due to sucrose ingestion. The presence of arabinose in urine may indicate overgrowth of intestinal yeast such as Candida albicans or other yeast/fungus species. L-arabinose is also a microbial metabolite found in, and produced by, Mycobacterium (PMID: 16232643). In a rare case of two autistic brothers that were not associated with any known metabolic disease, it was found the median value for L-arabinose in their urine samples was 179 umol/mmol creatinine, nearly six times greater than normal children (PMID: 11238761, 8931641, 1390604, 7628083). COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials Flavouring agent Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Galacturonic acid
Galacturonic acid, also known as D-galacturonate or (2s,3r,4s,5r)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxy-6-oxohexanoate, belongs to glucuronic acid derivatives class of compounds. Those are compounds containing a glucuronic acid moiety (or a derivative), which consists of a glucose moiety with the C6 carbon oxidized to a carboxylic acid. Galacturonic acid is soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Galacturonic acid can be found in a number of food items such as sunflower, white mustard, okra, and date, which makes galacturonic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Galacturonic acid can be found primarily in feces. Galacturonic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. D-Galacturonic acid is a sugar acid, an oxidized form of D-galactose. It is the main component of pectin, in which it exists as the polymer polygalacturonic acid. In its open form, it has an aldehyde group at C1 and a carboxylic acid group at C6. Other oxidized forms of D-galactose are D-galactonic acid (carboxylic group at C1) and meso-galactaric acid (mucic acid) (carboxylic groups at C1 and C6). It is also a uronic acid or hexuronic acid. Naturally occurring uronic acids are D-glucuronic acid, D-galacturonic acid, L-iduronic acid and D-mannuronic acid . Galactopyranuronic acid is the pyranose form of D-galacturonic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a D-galactopyranuronate. Galacturonic acid is a sugar acid, an oxidized form of d-galactose. It is the main component of pectin, in which it exists as the polymer polygalacturonic acid. In its open form, it has an aldehyde group at C1 and a carboxylic acid group at C6. Other oxidized forms of d-galactose are d-galactonic acid (carboxylic group at C1) and meso-galactaric acid (mucic acid) (carboxylic groups at C1 and C6). It is also a uronic acid or hexuronic acid. Naturally occurring uronic acids are d-glucuronic acid, d-galacturonic acid, l-iduronic acid and d-mannuronic acid. Galacturonic acid, also known as D-galacturonate or sodium pectate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as glucuronic acid derivatives. Glucuronic acid derivatives are compounds containing a glucuronic acid moiety (or a derivative), which consists of a glucose moiety with the C6 carbon oxidized to a carboxylic acid. Galacturonic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Galacturonic acid has been found in flaxseeds. Galacturonic acid has also been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as common grapes, cocoa beans, roselles, cow milk, and figs. COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Flavone
Quercetin is a flavonoid that forms the "backbone" for many other flavonoids, including the citrus flavonoids rutin, hesperidin, naringin and tangeritin. In studies, quercetin is found to be the most active of the flavonoids, and many medicinal plants owe much of their activity to their high quercetin content. Quercetin has demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activity because of direct inhibition of several initial processes of inflammation. For example, it inhibits both the manufacture and release of histamine and other allergic/inflammatory mediators. In addition, it exerts potent antioxidant activity and vitamin C-sparing action. -- Wikipedia. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 824; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9336; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9335 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 824; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9354; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9353 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 824; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9398; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9396 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 824; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9424; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9423 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 824; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9371; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9370 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 824; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9397; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9396 Flavones (flavus = yellow), are a class of flavonoids based on the backbone of 2-phenylchromen-4-one (2-phenyl-1-benzopyran-4-one). Flavones is found in many foods, some of which are dill, feijoa, pomegranate, and rosemary. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8089 Flavone is an endogenous metabolite. Flavone is an endogenous metabolite.
alpha-D-Glucose
alpha-D-Glucose, also known as alpha-dextrose or alpha-D-GLC, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hexoses. These are monosaccharides in which the sugar unit is a is a six-carbon containing moeity. alpha-D-Glucose exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Outside of the human body, alpha-D-Glucose has been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as lemon grass, sourdoughs, mixed nuts, sweet rowanberries, and ginsengs. This could make alpha-D-glucose a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. D-Glucopyranose having alpha-configuration at the anomeric centre. A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map, PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS alpha-D-glucose is an endogenous metabolite. alpha-D-glucose is an endogenous metabolite.
L-Arabinose
COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials A L-arabinopyranose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position. Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Arabinose is an endogenous metabolite. Arabinose is an endogenous metabolite. L-(+)-Arabinose selectively inhibits intestinal sucrase activity in a noncompetitive manner and suppresses the plasma glucose increase due to sucrose ingestion. L-(+)-Arabinose selectively inhibits intestinal sucrase activity in a noncompetitive manner and suppresses the plasma glucose increase due to sucrose ingestion.
D-(+)-Xylose
DL-Xylose is an intermediate of organic synthesis. DL-Xylose is an intermediate of organic synthesis.
GALACTURONIC ACID
Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST.
o-Hydroxydibenzoylmethane
Origin: Plant, Dibenzoylmethanes
Kaempferol
Kaempferol 3-neohesperidoside is a member of flavonoids and a glycoside. Kaempferol 3-neohesperidoside is a natural product found in Ficus pandurata, Crataegus monogyna, and other organisms with data available. Kaempferol 3-neohesperidoside (Kaempferol 3-O-neohesperidoside) is a flavonoid[1]. Kaempferol 3-neohesperidoside exhibits insulinomimetic effect on the rat soleus muscle[2]. Kaempferol 3-neohesperidoside (Kaempferol 3-O-neohesperidoside) is a flavonoid[1]. Kaempferol 3-neohesperidoside exhibits insulinomimetic effect on the rat soleus muscle[2]. Kaempferol-3-O-glucorhamnoside, a flavonoid derived from plant Thesium chinense Turcz, inhibits inflammatory responses via MAPK and NF-κB pathways in vitro and in vivo[1]. Kaempferol-3-O-glucorhamnoside, a flavonoid derived from plant Thesium chinense Turcz, inhibits inflammatory responses via MAPK and NF-κB pathways in vitro and in vivo[1].
Paeonol
Paeonol is a member of phenols and a member of methoxybenzenes. It has a role as a metabolite. Paeonol is a natural product found in Vincetoxicum paniculatum, Vincetoxicum glaucescens, and other organisms with data available. See also: Paeonia lactiflora root (part of); Paeonia X suffruticosa root (part of). A natural product found in Paeonia rockii subspeciesrockii. Paeonol is an active extraction from the root of Paeonia suffruticosa, Paeonol inhibits MAO-A and MAO-B with IC50 of 54.6 μM and 42.5 μM, respectively. Paeonol is an active extraction from the root of Paeonia suffruticosa, Paeonol inhibits MAO-A and MAO-B with IC50 of 54.6 μM and 42.5 μM, respectively.
Isorhamnetin 3-galactoside
Isorhamnetin 3-galactoside is a member of the class of compounds known as flavonoid-3-o-glycosides. Flavonoid-3-o-glycosides are phenolic compounds containing a flavonoid moiety which is O-glycosidically linked to carbohydrate moiety at the C3-position. Isorhamnetin 3-galactoside is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Isorhamnetin 3-galactoside can be synthesized from beta-D-galactose. Isorhamnetin 3-galactoside can also be synthesized into isorhamnetin. Isorhamnetin 3-galactoside can be found in a number of food items such as caraway, common bean, almond, and green bean, which makes isorhamnetin 3-galactoside a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Isorhamnetin 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside is a glycosyloxyflavone that is isorhamnetin substituted at position 3 by a beta-D-galactosyl residue. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a beta-D-galactoside, a monosaccharide derivative, a glycosyloxyflavone, a monomethoxyflavone and a trihydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to an isorhamnetin and a beta-D-galactose. Cacticin is a natural product found in Lysimachia patungensis, Artemisia igniaria, and other organisms with data available. A glycosyloxyflavone that is isorhamnetin substituted at position 3 by a beta-D-galactosyl residue.
Quercetin 3-O-diglucoside
Quercetin 3-gentiobioside is a member of the class of compounds known as flavonoid-3-o-glycosides. Flavonoid-3-o-glycosides are phenolic compounds containing a flavonoid moiety which is O-glycosidically linked to carbohydrate moiety at the C3-position. Quercetin 3-gentiobioside is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Quercetin 3-gentiobioside can be found in guava, opium poppy, and soy bean, which makes quercetin 3-gentiobioside a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Quercetin 3-beta-gentiobioside is a quercetin O-glycoside in which the hydroxy hydrogen at position 3 of quercetin has been replaced by a gentiobiosyl group. It has a role as a Brassica napus metabolite. It is a quercetin O-glycoside, a disaccharide derivative and a tetrahydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to a gentiobiose. Quercetin 3-gentiobioside is a natural product found in Senegalia pennata, Vachellia tortilis, and other organisms with data available. A quercetin O-glycoside in which the hydroxy hydrogen at position 3 of quercetin has been replaced by a gentiobiosyl group. Quercetin 3-gentiobioside is isolated from A. iwayomogi, AR and AGE formation inhibitor, demonstrates biological activities against Aldose reductase (AR) and the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs)[1]. Quercetin 3-gentiobioside is isolated from A. iwayomogi, AR and AGE formation inhibitor, demonstrates biological activities against Aldose reductase (AR) and the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs)[1].
5-Hydroxyflavone
5-Hydroxyflavone, a flavonoid ligand, shows no cytotoxic activity against MCF-7, FaDU, MDA-MB-435S, U87, RPE-1, and HEK293 cells[1]. 5-Hydroxyflavone, a flavonoid ligand, shows no cytotoxic activity against MCF-7, FaDU, MDA-MB-435S, U87, RPE-1, and HEK293 cells[1].
Kaempferol 3-neohesperidoside
Isolated from hop (Humulus lupulus). Kaempferol 3-neohesperidoside is found in soy bean, alcoholic beverages, and cereals and cereal products. Kaempferol 3-neohesperidoside is found in alcoholic beverages. Kaempferol 3-neohesperidoside is isolated from hop (Humulus lupulus). Kaempferol 3-neohesperidoside (Kaempferol 3-O-neohesperidoside) is a flavonoid[1]. Kaempferol 3-neohesperidoside exhibits insulinomimetic effect on the rat soleus muscle[2]. Kaempferol 3-neohesperidoside (Kaempferol 3-O-neohesperidoside) is a flavonoid[1]. Kaempferol 3-neohesperidoside exhibits insulinomimetic effect on the rat soleus muscle[2].
Calendoflavobioside
Isolated from some Solanum subspecies Quercetin 3-neohesperidoside is found in soy bean, potato, and corn. Calendoflavobioside is found in corn. Calendoflavobioside is isolated from some Solanum species. Quercetin 3-O-neohesperidoside, a flavonoid glycoside, has anti-inflammatory activity[1]. Quercetin 3-O-neohesperidoside, a flavonoid glycoside, has anti-inflammatory activity[1].
Calendoflavoside
Isorhamnetin 3-neohesperidoside is found in cereals and cereal products. Isorhamnetin 3-neohesperidoside is isolated from Zea mays (sweet corn). Isolated from Zea mays (sweet corn). Isorhamnetin 3-neohesperidoside is found in cereals and cereal products, fats and oils, and corn. Isorhamnetin-3-O-neohespeidoside is a flavonoid isolated from Typha angustifolia[1]. Isorhamnetin-3-O-neohespeidoside is a flavonoid isolated from Typha angustifolia[1].
Typhaneoside
Isolated from Calendula officinalis (pot marigold). Typhaneoside is found in narrowleaf cattail and ginkgo nuts. Typhaneoside is found in ginkgo nuts. Typhaneoside is isolated from Calendula officinalis (pot marigold). Typhaneoside, extracted from Typha angustifolia L., Typhaneoside can inhibit the excessive autophagy of hypoxia/reoxygenation cells and increase the phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR. Typhaneoside has certain effects on the cardiovascular system, including lowering blood lipid levels, promoting antiatherosclerosis activities, as well as improving immune and coagulation function[1]. Typhaneoside, extracted from Typha angustifolia L., Typhaneoside can inhibit the excessive autophagy of hypoxia/reoxygenation cells and increase the phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR. Typhaneoside has certain effects on the cardiovascular system, including lowering blood lipid levels, promoting antiatherosclerosis activities, as well as improving immune and coagulation function[1].
Camelliagenin A
Sapogenin from the seeds of Camellia japonica. Camelliagenin A is found in tea and fats and oils. Camelliagenin A is found in fats and oils. Sapogenin from the seeds of Camellia japonic
2-(3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one
3',4',5'-Trimethoxyflavone
3,4,5-Trimethoxyflavone is found in herbs and spices. 3,4,5-Trimethoxyflavone is a constituent of the flowers of Primula veris (cowslip). Constituent of the flowers of Primula veris (cowslip). 3,4,5-Trimethoxyflavone is found in tea and herbs and spices.
Quercetin 3-(2G-glucosylgentiobioside)
Quercetin 3-(2G-glucosylgentiobioside) is found in pulses. Quercetin 3-(2G-glucosylgentiobioside) is isolated from soya bean leaves (Glycine max). Isolated from soya bean leaves (Glycine max). Quercetin 3-(2G-glucosylgentiobioside) is found in soy bean and pulses.
Pectic acid
Pectic acid is a water insoluble, transparent gelatinous acid existing in ripe fruit and some vegetables. Pectic acid exists in the cell walls of plant tissues, and these substances are ingested from vegetables, fruits, etc. Pectic substances are dealt with as dietary fibers, but other physiological functions are not clear. Pectic acid is degraded in the digestive tract of man and it is considered that digestion is by the action of intestinal bacteria. Pectic acid is mainly degraded to 4,5-unsaturated digalacturonic acid and perhaps to 4,5-unsaturated trigalacturonic acid, by the action of the enzymes from bacteria such as Bacteroides sp. and Clostridium sp. in the human digestive tract. Then, they are used as carbon sources by these pectic-acid-using bacteria. (PMID: 12111144). Present in cell walls of all plant tissues. Up to 30\\% w/w of this polysaccharide can be isolated from orange and lemon rind. It is used in food processing as a gelling agent, stabiliser, thickener and emusifier [DFC] D000074385 - Food Ingredients > D005503 - Food Additives > D010368 - Pectins
allo-Inositol
allo-Inositol is an inositol isoform. Inositol is a derivative of cyclohexane with six hydroxyl groups, making it a polyol. It also is known as a sugar alcohol, having exactly the same molecular formula as glucose or other hexoses. Inositol exists in nine possible stereoisomers, including scyllo-inositol, myo-inositol (the most abundant), muco-inositol, D-chiro-inositol, L-chiro-inositol, neo-inositol, allo-inositol, epi-inositol, and cis-inositol.
3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone
3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone is a lipophilic flavone, can be isolated from the leaves of Primula veris. 3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone can reduce the synthesis and accumulation of PARP and protect cortical neurones against cell death induced by Parthanatos. 3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone is also an aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist in human breast cancer cells. 3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone can promote the proliferation of human hematopoietic stem cells. 3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone has various biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, hypolipidaemic, and neuroprotective or neurotrophic effects[1][2][3][4]. 3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone is a lipophilic flavone, can be isolated from the leaves of Primula veris. 3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone can reduce the synthesis and accumulation of PARP and protect cortical neurones against cell death induced by Parthanatos. 3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone is also an aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist in human breast cancer cells. 3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone can promote the proliferation of human hematopoietic stem cells. 3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone has various biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, hypolipidaemic, and neuroprotective or neurotrophic effects[1][2][3][4].
Ardisiacrispin A
Ardisiacrispin A (Deglucocyclamin) is a common triterpenoid saponin from Ardisia species. Ardisiacrispin A has similar biological properties with some triterpenoid saponins in A. crenata which is one of the species of genus Ardisia and exhibits cytotoxic effect on tumor cells, immunomodulatory and antiviral activities[1]. Ardisiacrispin A (Deglucocyclamin) is a common triterpenoid saponin from Ardisia species. Ardisiacrispin A has similar biological properties with some triterpenoid saponins in A. crenata which is one of the species of genus Ardisia and exhibits cytotoxic effect on tumor cells, immunomodulatory and antiviral activities[1].
Kaempferol 3-O-neohesperidoside
Kaempferol 3-o-neohesperidoside is a member of the class of compounds known as flavonoid-3-o-glycosides. Flavonoid-3-o-glycosides are phenolic compounds containing a flavonoid moiety which is O-glycosidically linked to carbohydrate moiety at the C3-position. Kaempferol 3-o-neohesperidoside is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Kaempferol 3-o-neohesperidoside can be found in soy bean, which makes kaempferol 3-o-neohesperidoside a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
Isorhamnetin 3-beta-D-glucoside
Isorhamnetin 3-beta-d-glucoside, also known as isorhamnetin-3-glu, is a member of the class of compounds known as flavonoid-3-o-glycosides. Flavonoid-3-o-glycosides are phenolic compounds containing a flavonoid moiety which is O-glycosidically linked to carbohydrate moiety at the C3-position. Isorhamnetin 3-beta-d-glucoside is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Isorhamnetin 3-beta-d-glucoside can be synthesized from beta-D-glucose. Isorhamnetin 3-beta-d-glucoside can also be synthesized into isorhamnetin. Isorhamnetin 3-beta-d-glucoside can be found in sea-buckthornberry, which makes isorhamnetin 3-beta-d-glucoside a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Isorhamnetin 3-beta-d-glucoside may be a unique S.cerevisiae (yeast) metabolite. Isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, a natural compound widely contained in many vegetables and rice, could be metabolized in intestinal microbiota after digestion[1]. Isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, a natural compound widely contained in many vegetables and rice, could be metabolized in intestinal microbiota after digestion[1].
Isorhamnetin 3-neohesperoside
Isorhamnetin 3-neohesperoside is a member of the class of compounds known as flavonoid-3-o-glycosides. Flavonoid-3-o-glycosides are phenolic compounds containing a flavonoid moiety which is O-glycosidically linked to carbohydrate moiety at the C3-position. Isorhamnetin 3-neohesperoside is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Isorhamnetin 3-neohesperoside can be found in corn, which makes isorhamnetin 3-neohesperoside a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
Quercetin 3-galactosyl-(1->6)-glucoside
Quercetin 3-galactosyl-(1->6)-glucoside is a member of the class of compounds known as flavonoid-3-o-glycosides. Flavonoid-3-o-glycosides are phenolic compounds containing a flavonoid moiety which is O-glycosidically linked to carbohydrate moiety at the C3-position. Quercetin 3-galactosyl-(1->6)-glucoside is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Quercetin 3-galactosyl-(1->6)-glucoside can be found in broad bean, which makes quercetin 3-galactosyl-(1->6)-glucoside a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
Kaempferol 3-gentiobioside
Kaempferol 3-gentiobioside is a member of the class of compounds known as flavonoid-3-o-glycosides. Flavonoid-3-o-glycosides are phenolic compounds containing a flavonoid moiety which is O-glycosidically linked to carbohydrate moiety at the C3-position. Kaempferol 3-gentiobioside is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Kaempferol 3-gentiobioside can be found in soy bean, which makes kaempferol 3-gentiobioside a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
Myricetin 3-glucoside
Myricetin 3-glucoside is a member of the class of compounds known as flavonoid-3-o-glycosides. Flavonoid-3-o-glycosides are phenolic compounds containing a flavonoid moiety which is O-glycosidically linked to carbohydrate moiety at the C3-position. Myricetin 3-glucoside is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Myricetin 3-glucoside can be found in a number of food items such as blackcurrant, common grape, highbush blueberry, and tea, which makes myricetin 3-glucoside a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
Vicenin
Isovitexin 8-C-beta-glucoside is a C-glycosyl compound that is isovitexin in which the hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by a beta-D-glucosyl residue. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a trihydroxyflavone and a C-glycosyl compound. It is functionally related to an isovitexin. Vicenin-2 is a natural product found in Carex fraseriana, Pseudarrhenatherum longifolium, and other organisms with data available. A C-glycosyl compound that is isovitexin in which the hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by a beta-D-glucosyl residue. Vicenin 2 is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (IC50=43.83 μM) from the aerial parts of Desmodium styracifolium[1]. Vicenin 2 is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (IC50=43.83 μM) from the aerial parts of Desmodium styracifolium[1].
Isorhamnetin 3-neohesperoside
Isorhamnetin-3-O-nehesperidine is a member of flavonoids and a glycoside. Isorhamnetin-3-O-neohespeidoside is a natural product found in Primula daonensis, Opuntia ficus-indica, and other organisms with data available. Isorhamnetin-3-O-neohespeidoside is a flavonoid isolated from Typha angustifolia[1]. Isorhamnetin-3-O-neohespeidoside is a flavonoid isolated from Typha angustifolia[1].
Primflaside
sitosterol
A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28178 - Phytosterol > C68437 - Unsaturated Phytosterol D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1]. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1].
Isorhamnetin 3-galactoside
Kaempferol 3-gentiobioside
Swartziol
Kaempferol (Kempferol), a flavonoid found in many edible plants, inhibits estrogen receptor α expression in breast cancer cells and induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells and lung cancer cells by activation of MEK-MAPK. Kaempferol can be uesd for the research of breast cancer[1][2][3][4]. Kaempferol (Kempferol), a flavonoid found in many edible plants, inhibits estrogen receptor α expression in breast cancer cells and induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells and lung cancer cells by activation of MEK-MAPK. Kaempferol can be uesd for the research of breast cancer[1][2][3][4].
Olivetol
Olivetol appears as off-white crystals or olive to light purple waxy solid. Forms monohydrate (melting point: 102-106 °F). (NTP, 1992) Olivetol is a member of the class of resorcinols that is resorcinol in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by a pentyl group. It has a role as a lichen metabolite. Olivetol is a natural product found in Ardisia virens, Primula obconica, and Cannabis sativa with data available. A member of the class of resorcinols that is resorcinol in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by a pentyl group. Olivetol. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=500-66-3 (retrieved 2024-07-12) (CAS RN: 500-66-3). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Olivetol is a naturally phenol found in lichens and produced by certain insects, acting as a competitive inhibitor of the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2[3]. Olivetol also inhibits CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 activity, with IC50s of 15.3 μM, 7.21 μM and Kis of 2.71 μM, 2.87 μM, respectively[1][2]. Olivetol is a naturally phenol found in lichens and produced by certain insects, acting as a competitive inhibitor of the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2[3]. Olivetol also inhibits CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 activity, with IC50s of 15.3 μM, 7.21 μM and Kis of 2.71 μM, 2.87 μM, respectively[1][2].
3,4-Dimethoxyflavone
3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone is a lipophilic flavone, can be isolated from the leaves of Primula veris. 3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone can reduce the synthesis and accumulation of PARP and protect cortical neurones against cell death induced by Parthanatos. 3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone is also an aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist in human breast cancer cells. 3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone can promote the proliferation of human hematopoietic stem cells. 3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone has various biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, hypolipidaemic, and neuroprotective or neurotrophic effects[1][2][3][4]. 3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone is a lipophilic flavone, can be isolated from the leaves of Primula veris. 3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone can reduce the synthesis and accumulation of PARP and protect cortical neurones against cell death induced by Parthanatos. 3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone is also an aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist in human breast cancer cells. 3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone can promote the proliferation of human hematopoietic stem cells. 3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone has various biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, hypolipidaemic, and neuroprotective or neurotrophic effects[1][2][3][4].
Kaempferol
Annotation level-3 Annotation level-1 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.010 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.011 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported by the Max-Planck-Society IPB_RECORD: 2141; CONFIDENCE confident structure IPB_RECORD: 3341; CONFIDENCE confident structure IPB_RECORD: 3321; CONFIDENCE confident structure CONFIDENCE confident structure; IPB_RECORD: 3321 IPB_RECORD: 141; CONFIDENCE confident structure Kaempferol (Kempferol), a flavonoid found in many edible plants, inhibits estrogen receptor α expression in breast cancer cells and induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells and lung cancer cells by activation of MEK-MAPK. Kaempferol can be uesd for the research of breast cancer[1][2][3][4]. Kaempferol (Kempferol), a flavonoid found in many edible plants, inhibits estrogen receptor α expression in breast cancer cells and induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells and lung cancer cells by activation of MEK-MAPK. Kaempferol can be uesd for the research of breast cancer[1][2][3][4].
Daucosterol
Daucosterol is a steroid saponin that is sitosterol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has bee isolated from Panax japonicus var. major and Breynia fruticosa. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a steroid saponin, a beta-D-glucoside and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a sitosterol. It derives from a hydride of a stigmastane. Sitogluside is a natural product found in Ophiopogon intermedius, Ophiopogon jaburan, and other organisms with data available. A steroid saponin that is sitosterol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has bee isolated from Panax japonicus var. major and Breynia fruticosa. C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent Daucosterol is a natural sterol compound. Daucosterol is a natural sterol compound.
Xylose
2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentanal is a pentose, a polyol and a hydroxyaldehyde. DL-Arabinose is a natural product found in Arabidopsis thaliana, Streptomyces hainanensis, and other organisms with data available. Citrus Pectin is dietary fiber source, extracted from rind of citrus fruits, and used as a gelling agent. High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. D000074385 - Food Ingredients > D005503 - Food Additives > D010368 - Pectins Arabinose is an endogenous metabolite. Arabinose is an endogenous metabolite. DL-Xylose is an intermediate of organic synthesis. DL-Xylose is an intermediate of organic synthesis. D-Lyxose is an endogenous metabolite. L-(+)-Arabinose selectively inhibits intestinal sucrase activity in a noncompetitive manner and suppresses the plasma glucose increase due to sucrose ingestion. L-(+)-Arabinose selectively inhibits intestinal sucrase activity in a noncompetitive manner and suppresses the plasma glucose increase due to sucrose ingestion. L-Xylose (L-(-)-Xylose) is the levo-isomer of Xylose. Xylose is classified as a?monosaccharide?of the?aldopentose?type[1]. D-(+)-xylose (Xylose) is a natural compound that is catalyzed by xylose isomerase to form xylulose, which is a key step in the anaerobic ethanol fermentation of xylose. D-(+)-xylose (Xylose) is a natural compound that is catalyzed by xylose isomerase to form xylulose, which is a key step in the anaerobic ethanol fermentation of xylose.
Terpenol
Alpha-terpineol is a terpineol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl group at position 2. It has a role as a plant metabolite. alpha-TERPINEOL is a natural product found in Nepeta nepetella, Xylopia aromatica, and other organisms with data available. 2-(4-Methyl-3-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2-propanol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Coriander Oil (part of); Cannabis sativa subsp. indica top (part of); Peumus boldus leaf (part of). A terpineol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl group at position 2. (-)-α-Terpineol ((S)-α-Terpineol), a monoterpene compound, is one of compounds in Melaleuca alternifolia[1]. (-)-α-Terpineol ((S)-α-Terpineol), a monoterpene compound, is one of compounds in Melaleuca alternifolia[1]. (-)-α-Terpineol ((S)-α-Terpineol), a monoterpene compound, is one of compounds in Melaleuca alternifolia[1]. (-)-α-Terpineol ((S)-α-Terpineol), a monoterpene compound, is one of compounds in Melaleuca alternifolia[1]. α-Terpineol is isolated from Eucalyptus globulus Labill, exhibits strong antimicrobial activity against periodontopathic and cariogenic bacteria[1]. α-Terpineol possesses antifungal activity against T. mentagrophytes, and the activity might lead to irreversible cellular disruption[2]. α-Terpineol is isolated from Eucalyptus globulus Labill, exhibits strong antimicrobial activity against periodontopathic and cariogenic bacteria[1]. α-Terpineol possesses antifungal activity against T. mentagrophytes, and the activity might lead to irreversible cellular disruption[2].
alpha-Terpineol acetate
alpha-Terpineol acetate, also known as a-terpineol acetic acid or p-menth-1-en-8-yl acetate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as menthane monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenoids with a structure based on the o-, m-, or p-menthane backbone. P-menthane consists of the cyclohexane ring with a methyl group and a (2-methyl)-propyl group at the 1 and 4 ring position, respectively. The o- and m- menthanes are much rarer, and presumably arise by alkyl migration of p-menthanes. alpha-Terpineol acetate is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Alpha-Terpinyl acetate is a p-menthane monoterpenoid. alpha-Terpinyl acetate is a natural product found in Xylopia sericea, Elettaria cardamomum, and other organisms with data available. Terpinyl acetate is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. α-Terpinyl acetate is a monoterpene ester isolated from Laurus nobilis L. essential oil. α-Terpinyl acetate is a competitive P450 2B6 substrate which binding to the active site of P450 2B6 with a Kd value of 5.4?μM[1][2]. α-Terpinyl acetate is a monoterpene ester isolated from Laurus nobilis L. essential oil. α-Terpinyl acetate is a competitive P450 2B6 substrate which binding to the active site of P450 2B6 with a Kd value of 5.4?μM[1][2].
3,4-DMF
3,4-Dimethoxyflavone is a natural product found in Lawsonia inermis and Primula veris with data available. 3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone is a lipophilic flavone, can be isolated from the leaves of Primula veris. 3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone can reduce the synthesis and accumulation of PARP and protect cortical neurones against cell death induced by Parthanatos. 3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone is also an aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist in human breast cancer cells. 3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone can promote the proliferation of human hematopoietic stem cells. 3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone has various biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, hypolipidaemic, and neuroprotective or neurotrophic effects[1][2][3][4]. 3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone is a lipophilic flavone, can be isolated from the leaves of Primula veris. 3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone can reduce the synthesis and accumulation of PARP and protect cortical neurones against cell death induced by Parthanatos. 3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone is also an aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist in human breast cancer cells. 3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone can promote the proliferation of human hematopoietic stem cells. 3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone has various biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, hypolipidaemic, and neuroprotective or neurotrophic effects[1][2][3][4].
2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid
D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D012459 - Salicylates Profile spectrum of this record is given as a JPEG file.; [Profile] MCH00007.jpg Profile spectrum of this record is given as a JPEG file.; [Profile] MCH00006.jpg Profile spectrum of this record is given as a JPEG file.; [Profile] MCH00002.jpg 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a derivative of benzoic and a powerful inhibitor of fibroblast growth factors. 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a derivative of benzoic and a powerful inhibitor of fibroblast growth factors.
isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside
Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, a natural compound widely contained in many vegetables and rice, could be metabolized in intestinal microbiota after digestion[1]. Isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, a natural compound widely contained in many vegetables and rice, could be metabolized in intestinal microbiota after digestion[1].
D-Galacturonic acid
D000074385 - Food Ingredients > D005503 - Food Additives > D010368 - Pectins The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid.
alpha-L-Rhamnose
Rhamnose (L-Rhamnose) is a monosaccharide found in plants and bacteria. Rhamnose-conjugated immunogens is used in immunotherapies[1]. Rhamnose crosses the epithelia via the transcellular pathway and acts as a marker of intestinal absorption[2]. Rhamnose (L-Rhamnose) is a monosaccharide found in plants and bacteria. Rhamnose-conjugated immunogens is used in immunotherapies[1]. Rhamnose crosses the epithelia via the transcellular pathway and acts as a marker of intestinal absorption[2].
5-Hydroxyflavone
5-Hydroxyflavone, a flavonoid ligand, shows no cytotoxic activity against MCF-7, FaDU, MDA-MB-435S, U87, RPE-1, and HEK293 cells[1]. 5-Hydroxyflavone, a flavonoid ligand, shows no cytotoxic activity against MCF-7, FaDU, MDA-MB-435S, U87, RPE-1, and HEK293 cells[1].
5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6,8-bis[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one
5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6,8-bis[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one
Paeonol
Annotation level-1 Paeonol is an active extraction from the root of Paeonia suffruticosa, Paeonol inhibits MAO-A and MAO-B with IC50 of 54.6 μM and 42.5 μM, respectively. Paeonol is an active extraction from the root of Paeonia suffruticosa, Paeonol inhibits MAO-A and MAO-B with IC50 of 54.6 μM and 42.5 μM, respectively.
vicenin-2
Vicenin 2 is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (IC50=43.83 μM) from the aerial parts of Desmodium styracifolium[1]. Vicenin 2 is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (IC50=43.83 μM) from the aerial parts of Desmodium styracifolium[1].
gentisic acid
2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a derivative of benzoic and a powerful inhibitor of fibroblast growth factors. 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a derivative of benzoic and a powerful inhibitor of fibroblast growth factors.
α-Linolenic acid
α-Linolenic acid, isolated from Perilla frutescens, is an essential fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by humans. α-Linolenic acid can affect the process of thrombotic through the modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling. α-Linolenic acid possess the anti-arrhythmic properties and is related to cardiovascular disease and cancer[1]. α-Linolenic acid, isolated from Perilla frutescens, is an essential fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by humans. α-Linolenic acid can affect the process of thrombotic through the modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling. α-Linolenic acid possess the anti-arrhythmic properties and is related to cardiovascular disease and cancer[1]. α-Linolenic acid, isolated from Perilla frutescens, is an essential fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by humans. α-Linolenic acid can affect the process of thrombotic through the modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling. α-Linolenic acid possess the anti-arrhythmic properties and is related to cardiovascular disease and cancer[1].
FA 18:3
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 143 COVID info from WikiPathways D - Dermatologicals Same as: D07213 Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Gamma-linolenic acid (γ-Linolenic acid) is an omega-6 (n-6), 18 carbon (18C-) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) extracted from Perilla frutescens. Gamma-linolenic acid supplements could restore needed PUFAs and mitigate the disease[1]. Gamma-linolenic acid (γ-Linolenic acid) is an omega-6 (n-6), 18 carbon (18C-) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) extracted from Perilla frutescens. Gamma-linolenic acid supplements could restore needed PUFAs and mitigate the disease[1]. α-Linolenic acid, isolated from Perilla frutescens, is an essential fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by humans. α-Linolenic acid can affect the process of thrombotic through the modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling. α-Linolenic acid possess the anti-arrhythmic properties and is related to cardiovascular disease and cancer[1]. α-Linolenic acid, isolated from Perilla frutescens, is an essential fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by humans. α-Linolenic acid can affect the process of thrombotic through the modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling. α-Linolenic acid possess the anti-arrhythmic properties and is related to cardiovascular disease and cancer[1]. α-Linolenic acid, isolated from Perilla frutescens, is an essential fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by humans. α-Linolenic acid can affect the process of thrombotic through the modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling. α-Linolenic acid possess the anti-arrhythmic properties and is related to cardiovascular disease and cancer[1].
Barrigenol a2
Q-Rha-gal
Quercetin 3-O-neohesperidoside, a flavonoid glycoside, has anti-inflammatory activity[1]. Quercetin 3-O-neohesperidoside, a flavonoid glycoside, has anti-inflammatory activity[1].
Episarsasapogenin
Episarsasapogenin, also known as smilagenin or sarsasapogenin, (3beta,5beta,25s)-isomer, is a member of the class of compounds known as triterpenoids. Triterpenoids are terpene molecules containing six isoprene units. Episarsasapogenin is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Episarsasapogenin can be found in fenugreek, which makes episarsasapogenin a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
alpha-terpineol
α-Terpineol is isolated from Eucalyptus globulus Labill, exhibits strong antimicrobial activity against periodontopathic and cariogenic bacteria[1]. α-Terpineol possesses antifungal activity against T. mentagrophytes, and the activity might lead to irreversible cellular disruption[2]. α-Terpineol is isolated from Eucalyptus globulus Labill, exhibits strong antimicrobial activity against periodontopathic and cariogenic bacteria[1]. α-Terpineol possesses antifungal activity against T. mentagrophytes, and the activity might lead to irreversible cellular disruption[2].
Harzol
C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28178 - Phytosterol > C68437 - Unsaturated Phytosterol D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1]. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1].
Flavone
Flavone is the simplest member of the class of flavones that consists of 4H-chromen-4-one bearing a phenyl substituent at position 2. It has a role as a metabolite and a nematicide. Flavone is a natural product found in Grindelia hirsutula, Asphodeline damascena, and other organisms with data available. Quercetin is a flavonoid that forms the "backbone" for many other flavonoids, including the citrus flavonoids rutin, hesperidin, naringin and tangeritin. In studies, quercetin is found to be the most active of the flavonoids, and many medicinal plants owe much of their activity to their high quercetin content. Quercetin has demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activity because of direct inhibition of several initial processes of inflammation. For example, it inhibits both the manufacture and release of histamine and other allergic/inflammatory mediators. In addition, it exerts potent antioxidant activity and vitamin C-sparing action. Quercetin is a flavonoid that forms the "backbone" for many other flavonoids, including the citrus flavonoids rutin, hesperidin, naringin and tangeritin. In studies, quercetin is found to be the most active of the flavonoids, and many medicinal plants owe much of their activity to their high quercetin content. Quercetin has demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activity because of direct inhibition of several initial processes of inflammation. For example, it inhibits both the manufacture and release of histamine and other allergic/inflammatory mediators. In addition, it exerts potent antioxidant activity and vitamin C-sparing action. -- Wikipedia. Flavones (flavus = yellow), are a class of flavonoids based on the backbone of 2-phenylchromen-4-one (2-phenyl-1-benzopyran-4-one). Flavones is found in many foods, some of which are dill, feijoa, pomegranate, and rosemary. The simplest member of the class of flavones that consists of 4H-chromen-4-one bearing a phenyl substituent at position 2. Flavone is an endogenous metabolite. Flavone is an endogenous metabolite.
alpha-D-Galactose
D-Galactopyranose having alpha-configuration at the anomeric centre. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
