NCBI Taxonomy: 25628
Taxus (ncbi_taxid: 25628)
found 44 associated metabolites at genus taxonomy rank level.
Ancestor: Taxaceae
Child Taxonomies: Taxus baccata, Taxus chinensis, Taxus fuana, Taxus brevifolia, Taxus mairei, Taxus globosa, Taxus x media, Taxus florinii, Taxus phytonii, Taxus contorta, Taxus celebica, Taxus calcicola, Taxus sumatrana, Taxus floridana, Taxus cuspidata, Taxus canadensis, Taxus wallichiana, unclassified Taxus, Taxus x hunnewelliana
Epicatechin
Epicatechin is an antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms. Catechin is a tannin peculiar to green and white tea because the black tea oxidation process reduces catechins in black tea. Catechin is a powerful, water soluble polyphenol and antioxidant that is easily oxidized. Several thousand types are available in the plant world. As many as two thousand are known to have a flavon structure and are called flavonoids. Catechin is one of them. Green tea is manufactured from fresh, unfermented tea leaves; the oxidation of catechins is minimal, and hence they are able to serve as antioxidants. Researchers believe that catechin is effective because it easily sticks to proteins, blocking bacteria from adhering to cell walls and disrupting their ability to destroy them. Viruses have hooks on their surfaces and can attach to cell walls. The catechin in green tea prevents viruses from adhering and causing harm. Catechin reacts with toxins created by harmful bacteria (many of which belong to the protein family) and harmful metals such as lead, mercury, chrome, and cadmium. From its NMR espectra, there is a doubt on 2 and 3 atoms configuration. It seems to be that they are in trans position. Epicatechin, also known as (+)-cyanidanol-3 or 2,3-cis-epicatechin, is a member of the class of compounds known as catechins. Catechins are compounds containing a catechin moiety, which is a 3,4-dihydro-2-chromene-3,5.7-tiol. Thus, epicatechin is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. Epicatechin is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Epicatechin can be found in cashew nut, which makes epicatechin a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Epicatechin can be found primarily in blood, feces, and urine, as well as throughout most human tissues. Epicatechin is a flavan-3-ol, a type of natural phenol and antioxidant. It is a plant secondary metabolite. It belongs to the group of flavan-3-ols (or simply flavanols), part of the chemical family of flavonoids . (-)-epicatechin is a catechin with (2R,3R)-configuration. It has a role as an antioxidant. It is a polyphenol and a catechin. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-epicatechin. Epicatechin has been used in trials studying the treatment of Pre-diabetes. (-)-Epicatechin is a natural product found in Visnea mocanera, Litsea rotundifolia, and other organisms with data available. An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms. See also: Crofelemer (monomer of); Bilberry (part of); Cats Claw (part of) ... View More ... A catechin with (2R,3R)-configuration. [Raw Data] CB030_(-)-Epicatechin_pos_20eV_CB000016.txt [Raw Data] CB030_(-)-Epicatechin_pos_50eV_CB000016.txt [Raw Data] CB030_(-)-Epicatechin_pos_40eV_CB000016.txt [Raw Data] CB030_(-)-Epicatechin_pos_10eV_CB000016.txt [Raw Data] CB030_(-)-Epicatechin_pos_30eV_CB000016.txt [Raw Data] CB030_(-)-Epicatechin_neg_50eV_000009.txt [Raw Data] CB030_(-)-Epicatechin_neg_30eV_000009.txt [Raw Data] CB030_(-)-Epicatechin_neg_10eV_000009.txt [Raw Data] CB030_(-)-Epicatechin_neg_40eV_000009.txt [Raw Data] CB030_(-)-Epicatechin_neg_20eV_000009.txt Epicatechin. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=490-46-0 (retrieved 2024-07-09) (CAS RN: 490-46-0). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). (-)-Epicatechin inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 3.2 μM. (-)-Epicatechin inhibits the IL-1β-induced expression of iNOS by blocking the nuclear localization of the p65 subunit of NF-κB. (-)-Epicatechin inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 3.2 μM. (-)-Epicatechin inhibits the IL-1β-induced expression of iNOS by blocking the nuclear localization of the p65 subunit of NF-κB. (-)-Epicatechin inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 3.2 μM. (-)-Epicatechin inhibits the IL-1β-induced expression of iNOS by blocking the nuclear localization of the p65 subunit of NF-κB. (-)-Epicatechin inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 3.2 μM. (-)-Epicatechin inhibits the IL-1β-induced expression of iNOS by blocking the nuclear localization of the p65 subunit of NF-κB.
Catechin
Catechin, also known as cyanidanol or catechuic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as catechins. Catechins are compounds containing a catechin moiety, which is a 3,4-dihydro-2-chromene-3,5.7-tiol. Catechin also belongs to the group of compounds known as flavan-3-ols (or simply flavanols), part of the chemical family of flavonoids. Catechin is one of the 4 catechin known diastereoisomers. Two of the isomers are in trans configuration and are called catechin and the other two are in cis configuration and are called epicatechin. The most common catechin isomer is the (+)-catechin. The other stereoisomer is (-)-catechin or ent-catechin. The most common epicatechin isomer is (-)-epicatechin. Catechin is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Catechin is a bitter tasting compound and is associated with the bitterness in tea. Catechin is a plant secondary metabolite. Secondary metabolites are metabolically or physiologically non-essential metabolites that may serve a role as defense or signalling molecules. In some cases they are simply molecules that arise from the incomplete metabolism of other secondary metabolites. Catechin is an antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both Catechin and (-)-Catechin (cis) forms. Outside of the human body, Catechin is found, on average, in the highest concentration in foods, such as blackcurrants (Ribes nigrum), evergreen blackberries (Rubus laciniatus), and blackberries (Rubus) and in a lower concentration in dills (Anethum graveolens), hot chocolates, and medlars (Mespilus germanica). Catechin has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as rice (Oryza sativa), apple ciders, peanuts (Arachis hypogaea), fruit juices, and red teas. This could make catechin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on Catechin. (+)-catechin is the (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite. It has a role as an antioxidant and a plant metabolite. It is an enantiomer of a (-)-catechin. An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms. Cianidanol is a natural product found in Visnea mocanera, Salacia chinensis, and other organisms with data available. Catechin is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms. See also: Gallocatechin (related); Crofelemer (monomer of); Bilberry (part of) ... View More ... Present in red wine. Widespread in plants; found in a variety of foodstuffs especies apricots, broad beans, cherries, chocolate, grapes, nectarines, red wine, rhubarb, strawberries and tea The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite. Catechin. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=154-23-4 (retrieved 2024-07-12) (CAS RN: 154-23-4). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). (±)-Catechin (rel-Cianidanol) is the racemate of Catechin. (±)-Catechin has two steric forms of (+)-Catechin and its enantiomer (-)-Catechin. (+)-Catechin inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 1.4 μM. Anticancer, anti-obesity, antidiabetic, anticardiovascular, anti-infectious, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects[1]. (±)-Catechin (rel-Cianidanol) is the racemate of Catechin. (±)-Catechin has two steric forms of (+)-Catechin and its enantiomer (-)-Catechin. (+)-Catechin inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 1.4 μM. Anticancer, anti-obesity, antidiabetic, anticardiovascular, anti-infectious, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects[1]. Catechin ((+)-Catechin) inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 1.4 μM. Catechin ((+)-Catechin) inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 1.4 μM.
Vanillic acid
Vanillic acid is a phenolic acid found in some forms of vanilla and many other plant extracts. It is a flavouring and scent agent that produces a pleasant, creamy odour. It is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin (J Biotechnol 1996;50(2-3):107-13). Vanillic acid, which is a chlorogenic acid, is an oxidized form of vanillin. It is also an intermediate in the production of vanillin from ferulic acid. Vanillic acid is a metabolic byproduct of caffeic acid and is often found in the urine of humans who have consumed coffee, chocolate, tea, and vanilla-flavoured confectionary. Vanillic acid selectively and specifically inhibits 5nucleotidase activity (PMID: 16899266). Vanillic acid is a microbial metabolite found in Amycolatopsis, Delftia, and Pseudomonas (PMID: 11152072, 10543794, 11728709, 9579070). Vanillic acid is a phenolic acid found in some forms of vanilla and many other plant extracts. It is a flavoring and scent agent that produces a pleasant, creamy odor. It is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. (J Biotechnol 1996;50(2-3):107-13). Vanillic acid, which is a chlorogenic acid, is an oxidized form of vanillin. It is also an intermediate in the production of vanillin from ferulic acid. Vanillic acid is a metabolic byproduct of caffeic acid and is often found in the urine of humans who have consumed coffee, chocolate, tea and vanilla-flavored confectionary. Vanillic acid selectively and specifically inhibits 5nucleotidase activity. (PMID: 16899266). Vanillic acid is a monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid substituted by a methoxy group at position 3. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a monohydroxybenzoic acid and a methoxybenzoic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a vanillate. Vanillic acid is a natural product found in Ficus septica, Haplophyllum cappadocicum, and other organisms with data available. Vanillic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A flavoring agent. It is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. (J Biotechnol 1996;50(2-3):107-13). A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid substituted by a methoxy group at position 3. Vanillic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=121-34-6 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 121-34-6). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Vanillic acid is a flavoring agent found in edible plants and fruits, also found in Angelica sinensis. Vanillic acid inhibits NF-κB activation. Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and chemopreventive effects[1]. Vanillic acid is a flavoring agent found in edible plants and fruits, also found in Angelica sinensis. Vanillic acid inhibits NF-κB activation. Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and chemopreventive effects[1].
Vanillin
Vanillin, also known as vanillaldehyde or lioxin, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as methoxyphenols. Methoxyphenols are compounds containing a methoxy group attached to the benzene ring of a phenol moiety. It is used by the food industry as well as ethylvanillin. Vanillin exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Vanillin is a sweet, chocolate, and creamy tasting compound. Vanillin is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as corns, ryes, and sherries and in a lower concentration in beers, rums, and oats. Vanillin has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as gooseberries, other bread, brazil nuts, shea tree, and ohelo berries. This could make vanillin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Vanillin is a potentially toxic compound. Synthetic vanillin, instead of natural Vanillin extract, is sometimes used as a flavouring agent in foods, beverages, and pharmaceuticals. Vanillin is the primary component of the extract of the Vanillin bean. Because of the scarcity and expense of natural Vanillin extract, there has long been interest in the synthetic preparation of its predominant component. Artificial Vanillin flavoring is a solution of pure vanillin, usually of synthetic origin. Today, artificial vanillin is made from either guaiacol or from lignin, a constituent of wood which is a byproduct of the paper industry. The first commercial synthesis of vanillin began with the more readily available natural compound eugenol. Vanillin appears as white or very slightly yellow needles. Vanillin is a member of the class of benzaldehydes carrying methoxy and hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an anti-inflammatory agent, a flavouring agent, an antioxidant and an anticonvulsant. It is a member of phenols, a monomethoxybenzene and a member of benzaldehydes. Vanillin is a natural product found in Ficus erecta var. beecheyana, Pandanus utilis, and other organisms with data available. Vanillin is the primary component of the extract of the vanilla bean. Synthetic vanillin, instead of natural vanilla extract, is sometimes used as a flavouring agent in foods, beverages, and pharmaceuticals. It is used by the food industry as well as ethylvanillin.Artificial vanilla flavoring is a solution of pure vanillin, usually of synthetic origin. Because of the scarcity and expense of natural vanilla extract, there has long been interest in the synthetic preparation of its predominant component. The first commercial synthesis of vanillin began with the more readily available natural compound eugenol. Today, artificial vanillin is made from either guaiacol or from lignin, a constituent of wood which is a byproduct of the paper industry. (Wiki). Vanillin is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Constituent of vanilla (Vanilla subspecies) and many other plants, e.g. Peru balsam, clove bud oil. Widely used flavouring agent especies in cocoa products. obtained from spent wood-pulp liquors. Vanillin is found in many foods, some of which are pomes, elderberry, common cabbage, and dock. A member of the class of benzaldehydes carrying methoxy and hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively. D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000927 - Anticonvulsants D020011 - Protective Agents > D016587 - Antimutagenic Agents D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants CONFIDENCE standard compound; ML_ID 59 Vanillin (p-Vanillin) is a single molecule extracted from vanilla beans and also a popular odor used widely in perfume, food and medicine. Vanillin (p-Vanillin) is a single molecule extracted from vanilla beans and also a popular odor used widely in perfume, food and medicine.
Sucrose
Sucrose is a nonreducing disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose linked via their anomeric carbons. It is obtained commercially from sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), and other plants and used extensively as a food and a sweetener. Sucrose is derived by crushing and extracting sugarcane with water or by extracting sugar beet with water, evaporating, and purifying with lime, carbon, and various liquids. Sucrose is also obtainable from sorghum. Sucrose occurs in low percentages in honey and maple syrup. Sucrose is used as a sweetener in foods and soft drinks, in the manufacture of syrups, in invert sugar, confectionery, preserves and jams, demulcent, pharmaceutical products, and caramel. Sucrose is also a chemical intermediate for detergents, emulsifying agents, and other sucrose derivatives. Sucrose is widespread in the seeds, leaves, fruits, flowers, and roots of plants, where it functions as an energy store for metabolism and as a carbon source for biosynthesis. The annual world production of sucrose is in excess of 90 million tons mainly from the juice of sugar cane (20\\\%) and sugar beet (17\\\%). In addition to its use as a sweetener, sucrose is used in food products as a preservative, antioxidant, moisture control agent, stabilizer, and thickening agent. BioTransformer predicts that sucrose is a product of 6-O-sinapoyl sucrose metabolism via a hydrolysis-of-carboxylic-acid-ester-pattern1 reaction occurring in human gut microbiota and catalyzed by the liver carboxylesterase 1 (P23141) enzyme (PMID: 30612223). Sucrose appears as white odorless crystalline or powdery solid. Denser than water. Sucrose is a glycosyl glycoside formed by glucose and fructose units joined by an acetal oxygen bridge from hemiacetal of glucose to the hemiketal of the fructose. It has a role as an osmolyte, a sweetening agent, a human metabolite, an algal metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. A nonreducing disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose linked via their anomeric carbons. It is obtained commercially from sugarcane, sugar beet (beta vulgaris), and other plants and used extensively as a food and a sweetener. Sucrose is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Sucrose is a natural product found in Haplophyllum ramosissimum, Cyperus esculentus, and other organisms with data available. Sucrose is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A nonreducing disaccharide composed of GLUCOSE and FRUCTOSE linked via their anomeric carbons. It is obtained commercially from SUGARCANE, sugar beet (BETA VULGARIS), and other plants and used extensively as a food and a sweetener. See also: Anise; ferrous disulfide; sucrose (component of); Phosphoric acid; sucrose (component of); Sucrose caramel (related) ... View More ... In chemistry, sugar loosely refers to a number of carbohydrates, such as monosaccharides, disaccharides, or oligosaccharides. In food, sugar refers to a class of edible crystalline carbohydrates, mainly sucrose, lactose, and fructose characterized by a sweet flavor. Other sugars are used in industrial food preparation, but are usually known by more specific names - glucose, fructose or fruit sugar, high fructose corn syrup, etc. Sugars is found in many foods, some of which are ucuhuba, butternut squash, common walnut, and miso. A glycosyl glycoside formed by glucose and fructose units joined by an acetal oxygen bridge from hemiacetal of glucose to the hemiketal of the fructose. Sucrose, a disaccharide, is a sugar composed of glucose and fructose subunits. It is produced naturally in plants and is the main constituent of white sugar. It has the molecular formula C 12H 22O 11. For human consumption, sucrose is extracted and refined from either sugarcane or sugar beet. Sugar mills – typically located in tropical regions near where sugarcane is grown – crush the cane and produce raw sugar which is shipped to other factories for refining into pure sucrose. Sugar beet factories are located in temperate climates where the beet is grown, and process the beets directly into refined sugar. The sugar-refining process involves washing the raw sugar crystals before dissolving them into a sugar syrup which is filtered and then passed over carbon to remove any residual colour. The sugar syrup is then concentrated by boiling under a vacuum and crystallized as the final purification process to produce crystals of pure sucrose that are clear, odorless, and sweet. Sugar is often an added ingredient in food production and recipes. About 185 million tonnes of sugar were produced worldwide in 2017.[6] Sucrose is particularly dangerous as a risk factor for tooth decay because Streptococcus mutans bacteria convert it into a sticky, extracellular, dextran-based polysaccharide that allows them to cohere, forming plaque. Sucrose is the only sugar that bacteria can use to form this sticky polysaccharide.[7] Sucrose. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=8030-20-4 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 57-50-1). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Cinnamic acid
Cinnamic acid is a monocarboxylic acid that consists of acrylic acid bearing a phenyl substituent at the 3-position. It is found in Cinnamomum cassia. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a member of styrenes and a member of cinnamic acids. It is a conjugate acid of a cinnamate. Cinnamic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Cinnamic acid is a natural product found in Marsypopetalum crassum, Aiouea brenesii, and other organisms with data available. Cinnamic acid has the formula C6H5CHCHCOOH and is an odorless white crystalline acid, which is slightly soluble in water. It has a melting point of 133 degree centigrade and a boiling point of 300 degree centigrade. Cinnamic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Cinnamon (part of); Chinese Cinnamon (part of); Stevia rebaudiuna Leaf (part of) ... View More ... Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. KEIO_ID C016 Cinnamic acid has potential use in cancer intervention, with IC50s of 1-4.5 mM in glioblastoma, melanoma, prostate and lung carcinoma cells. Cinnamic acid has potential use in cancer intervention, with IC50s of 1-4.5 mM in glioblastoma, melanoma, prostate and lung carcinoma cells. trans-Cinnamic acid is a natural antimicrobial, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 250 μg/mL against fish pathogen A. sobria, SY-AS1[1]. trans-Cinnamic acid is a natural antimicrobial, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 250 μg/mL against fish pathogen A. sobria, SY-AS1[1].
Gallic acid
Gallic acid is an odorless white solid. Sinks in water. (USCG, 1999) Gallic acid is a trihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are at positions 3, 4, and 5. It has a role as an astringent, a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, a plant metabolite, an antioxidant, an antineoplastic agent, a human xenobiotic metabolite, an EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor, an apoptosis inducer and a geroprotector. It is a conjugate acid of a gallate. Gallic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Gallic Acid is a natural product found in Visnea mocanera, Ardisia paniculata, and other organisms with data available. Gallic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A colorless or slightly yellow crystalline compound obtained from nutgalls. It is used in photography, pharmaceuticals, and as an analytical reagent. See also: Gallic acid monohydrate (active moiety of); Paeonia lactiflora root (part of); Galium aparine whole (part of) ... View More ... Gallic acid is an organic acid, also known as 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, found in gallnuts, sumac, witch hazel, tea leaves, oak bark, and other plants. The chemical formula is C6H2(OH)3CO2H. Gallic acid is widely distributed in plants and is found both free and as part of tannins. It is commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry. Gallic acid can also be used to synthesize the hallucinogenic alkaloid mescaline, also known as 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine. Salts and esters of gallic acid are termed gallates. Gallic acid has been found to be s metabolite of Aspergillus (PMID:24031294). A trihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are at positions 3, 4, and 5. Present in red wine. Japan approved food antioxidant additive Gallic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=149-91-7 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 149-91-7). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)[1]. Gallic acid has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticance activities[2]. Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)[1]. Gallic acid has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticance activities[2].
Protocatechuic acid
Protocatechuic acid, also known as protocatechuate or 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives. Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives are compounds containing a hydroxybenzoic acid (or a derivative), which is a benzene ring bearing a carboxyl and a hydroxyl groups. The enzyme protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase uses 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate and O2 to produce 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate. Protocatechuic acid is a drug. In the analogous hardening of the cockroach ootheca, the phenolic substance concerned is protocatechuic acid. Protocatechuic acid is a mild, balsamic, and phenolic tasting compound. Outside of the human body, protocatechuic acid is found, on average, in the highest concentration in a few different foods, such as garden onions, cocoa powders, and star anises and in a lower concentration in lentils, liquors, and red raspberries. Protocatechuic acid has also been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as cloud ear fungus, american pokeweeds, common mushrooms, fruits, and feijoa. This could make protocatechuic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. It is also found in Allium cepa (17,540 ppm). It is a major metabolite of antioxidant polyphenols found in green tea. Similarly, PCA was reported to increase proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of neural stem cells. In vitro testing documented antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of PCA, while liver protection in vivo was measured by chemical markers and histological assessment. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, also known as protocatechuic acid or 4-carboxy-1,2-dihydroxybenzene, belongs to hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives class of compounds. Those are compounds containing a hydroxybenzoic acid (or a derivative), which is a benzene ring bearing a carboxyl and a hydroxyl groups. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid is soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid can be synthesized from benzoic acid. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate, ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate, and 1-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)-beta-D-glucopyranose. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid is a mild, balsamic, and phenolic tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as white mustard, grape wine, abalone, and asian pear, which makes 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid can be found primarily in blood, feces, and urine, as well as in human fibroblasts and testes tissues. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a dihydroxybenzoic acid, a type of phenolic acid. It is a major metabolite of antioxidant polyphenols found in green tea. It has mixed effects on normal and cancer cells in in vitro and in vivo studies . 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid is a dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4. It has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite, a plant metabolite, an antineoplastic agent, an EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor and an EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor. It is a member of catechols and a dihydroxybenzoic acid. It is functionally related to a benzoic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate. 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a natural product found in Visnea mocanera, Amomum subulatum, and other organisms with data available. Protocatechuic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Black Cohosh (part of); Vaccinium myrtillus Leaf (part of); Menyanthes trifoliata leaf (part of) ... View More ... A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4. Protocatechuic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=99-50-3 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 99-50-3). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Protocatechuic acid is a phenolic compound which exhibits neuroprotective effect. Protocatechuic acid is a phenolic compound which exhibits neuroprotective effect.
linolenate(18:3)
alpha-Linolenic acid (ALA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). It is a member of the group of essential fatty acids called omega-3 fatty acids. alpha-Linolenic acid, in particular, is not synthesized by mammals and therefore is an essential dietary requirement for all mammals. Certain nuts (English walnuts) and vegetable oils (canola, soybean, flaxseed/linseed, olive) are particularly rich in alpha-linolenic acid. Omega-3 fatty acids get their name based on the location of one of their first double bond. In all omega-3 fatty acids, the first double bond is located between the third and fourth carbon atom counting from the methyl end of the fatty acid (n-3). Although humans and other mammals can synthesize saturated and some monounsaturated fatty acids from carbon groups in carbohydrates and proteins, they lack the enzymes necessary to insert a cis double bond at the n-6 or the n-3 position of a fatty acid. Omega-3 fatty acids like alpha-linolenic acid are important structural components of cell membranes. When incorporated into phospholipids, they affect cell membrane properties such as fluidity, flexibility, permeability, and the activity of membrane-bound enzymes. Omega-3 fatty acids can modulate the expression of a number of genes, including those involved with fatty acid metabolism and inflammation. alpha-Linolenic acid and other omega-3 fatty acids may regulate gene expression by interacting with specific transcription factors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and liver X receptors (LXRs). alpha-Linolenic acid is found to be associated with isovaleric acidemia, which is an inborn error of metabolism. α-Linolenic acid can be obtained by humans only through their diets. Humans lack the desaturase enzymes required for processing stearic acid into A-linoleic acid or other unsaturated fatty acids. Dietary α-linolenic acid is metabolized to stearidonic acid, a precursor to a collection of polyunsaturated 20-, 22-, 24-, etc fatty acids (eicosatetraenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, tetracosapentaenoic acid, 6,9,12,15,18,21-tetracosahexaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid).[12] Because the efficacy of n−3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) synthesis decreases down the cascade of α-linolenic acid conversion, DHA synthesis from α-linolenic acid is even more restricted than that of EPA.[13] Conversion of ALA to DHA is higher in women than in men.[14] α-Linolenic acid, also known as alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) (from Greek alpha meaning "first" and linon meaning flax), is an n−3, or omega-3, essential fatty acid. ALA is found in many seeds and oils, including flaxseed, walnuts, chia, hemp, and many common vegetable oils. In terms of its structure, it is named all-cis-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid.[2] In physiological literature, it is listed by its lipid number, 18:3 (n−3). It is a carboxylic acid with an 18-carbon chain and three cis double bonds. The first double bond is located at the third carbon from the methyl end of the fatty acid chain, known as the n end. Thus, α-linolenic acid is a polyunsaturated n−3 (omega-3) fatty acid. It is a regioisomer of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), an 18:3 (n−6) fatty acid (i.e., a polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid with three double bonds). Alpha-linolenic acid is a linolenic acid with cis-double bonds at positions 9, 12 and 15. Shown to have an antithrombotic effect. It has a role as a micronutrient, a nutraceutical and a mouse metabolite. It is an omega-3 fatty acid and a linolenic acid. It is a conjugate acid of an alpha-linolenate and a (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoate. Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is a polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid. It is a component of many common vegetable oils and is important to human nutrition. alpha-Linolenic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Linolenic Acid is a natural product found in Prunus mume, Dipteryx lacunifera, and other organisms with data available. Linolenic Acid is an essential fatty acid belonging to the omega-3 fatty acids group. It is highly concentrated in certain plant oils and has been reported to inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandin resulting in reduced inflammation and prevention of certain chronic diseases. Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is a polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid. It is a component of many common vegetable oils and is important to human nutrition. A fatty acid that is found in plants and involved in the formation of prostaglandins. Seed oils are the richest sources of α-linolenic acid, notably those of hempseed, chia, perilla, flaxseed (linseed oil), rapeseed (canola), and soybeans. α-Linolenic acid is also obtained from the thylakoid membranes in the leaves of Pisum sativum (pea leaves).[3] Plant chloroplasts consisting of more than 95 percent of photosynthetic thylakoid membranes are highly fluid due to the large abundance of ALA, evident as sharp resonances in high-resolution carbon-13 NMR spectra.[4] Some studies state that ALA remains stable during processing and cooking.[5] However, other studies state that ALA might not be suitable for baking as it will polymerize with itself, a feature exploited in paint with transition metal catalysts. Some ALA may also oxidize at baking temperatures. Gamma-linolenic acid (γ-Linolenic acid) is an omega-6 (n-6), 18 carbon (18C-) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) extracted from Perilla frutescens. Gamma-linolenic acid supplements could restore needed PUFAs and mitigate the disease[1]. Gamma-linolenic acid (γ-Linolenic acid) is an omega-6 (n-6), 18 carbon (18C-) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) extracted from Perilla frutescens. Gamma-linolenic acid supplements could restore needed PUFAs and mitigate the disease[1]. α-Linolenic acid, isolated from Perilla frutescens, is an essential fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by humans. α-Linolenic acid can affect the process of thrombotic through the modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling. α-Linolenic acid possess the anti-arrhythmic properties and is related to cardiovascular disease and cancer[1]. α-Linolenic acid, isolated from Perilla frutescens, is an essential fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by humans. α-Linolenic acid can affect the process of thrombotic through the modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling. α-Linolenic acid possess the anti-arrhythmic properties and is related to cardiovascular disease and cancer[1]. α-Linolenic acid, isolated from Perilla frutescens, is an essential fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by humans. α-Linolenic acid can affect the process of thrombotic through the modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling. α-Linolenic acid possess the anti-arrhythmic properties and is related to cardiovascular disease and cancer[1].
Coniferaldehyde
Coniferaldehyde (CAS: 458-36-6), also known as 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamaldehyde or ferulaldehyde, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as methoxyphenols. Methoxyphenols are compounds containing a methoxy group attached to the benzene ring of a phenol moiety. Coniferaldehyde is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Outside of the human body, coniferaldehyde is found, on average, in the highest concentration within sherries. Coniferaldehyde has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as highbush blueberries, lima beans, Chinese cabbages, loquats, and greenthread tea. This could make coniferaldehyde a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. BioTransformer predicts that coniferaldehyde is a product of caffeic aldehyde metabolism via a catechol-O-methylation-pattern2 reaction catalyzed by the enzyme catechol O-methyltransferase (PMID: 30612223). Coniferyl aldehyde, also known as 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamaldehyde or 4-hm-ca, is a member of the class of compounds known as methoxyphenols. Methoxyphenols are compounds containing a methoxy group attached to the benzene ring of a phenol moiety. Coniferyl aldehyde is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Coniferyl aldehyde can be found in a number of food items such as pear, common walnut, kelp, and citrus, which makes coniferyl aldehyde a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Coniferyl aldehyde is a low molecular weight phenolic compound susceptible to be extracted from cork stoppers into wine . Coniferyl aldehyde is a member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is cinnamaldehyde substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 3. It has a role as an antifungal agent and a plant metabolite. It is a member of cinnamaldehydes, a phenylpropanoid and a member of guaiacols. It is functionally related to an (E)-cinnamaldehyde. 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamaldehyde is a natural product found in Pandanus utilis, Microtropis japonica, and other organisms with data available. A member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is cinnamaldehyde substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 3. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Coniferaldehyde (Ferulaldehyde) is an effective inducer of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Coniferaldehyde exerts anti-inflammatory properties in response to LPS. Coniferaldehyde inhibits LPS-induced apoptosis through the PKCα/β II/Nrf-2/HO-1 dependent pathway in RAW264.7 macrophage cells[1]. Coniferaldehyde (Ferulaldehyde) is an effective inducer of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Coniferaldehyde exerts anti-inflammatory properties in response to LPS. Coniferaldehyde inhibits LPS-induced apoptosis through the PKCα/β II/Nrf-2/HO-1 dependent pathway in RAW264.7 macrophage cells Coniferaldehyde. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=458-36-6 (retrieved 2024-09-04) (CAS RN: 458-36-6). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Kaempferol
Kaempferol is a tetrahydroxyflavone in which the four hydroxy groups are located at positions 3, 5, 7 and 4. Acting as an antioxidant by reducing oxidative stress, it is currently under consideration as a possible cancer treatment. It has a role as an antibacterial agent, a plant metabolite, a human xenobiotic metabolite, a human urinary metabolite, a human blood serum metabolite and a geroprotector. It is a member of flavonols, a 7-hydroxyflavonol and a tetrahydroxyflavone. It is a conjugate acid of a kaempferol oxoanion. Kaempferol is a natural product found in Lotus ucrainicus, Visnea mocanera, and other organisms with data available. Kaempferol is a natural flavonoid which has been isolated from Delphinium, Witch-hazel, grapefruit, and other plant sources. Kaempferol is a yellow crystalline solid with a melting point of 276-278 degree centigrade. It is slightly soluble in water, and well soluble in hot ethanol and diethyl ether. Kaempferol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Cannabis sativa subsp. indica top (part of); Tussilago farfara flower (part of). Kaempferol, also known as rhamnolutein or c.i. 75640, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as flavonols. Flavonols are compounds that contain a flavone (2-phenyl-1-benzopyran-4-one) backbone carrying a hydroxyl group at the 3-position. Thus, kaempferol is considered to be a flavonoid molecule. A tetrahydroxyflavone in which the four hydroxy groups are located at positions 3, 5, 7 and 4. Kaempferol is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Kaempferol exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Kaempferol is a bitter tasting compound. Kaempferol is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as saffrons, capers, and cumins and in a lower concentration in lovages, endives, and cloves. Kaempferol has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as shallots, pine nuts, feijoa, kombus, and chicory leaves. This could make kaempferol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Kaempferol is a potentially toxic compound. Very widespread in the plant world, e.g. in Brassicaceae, Apocynaceae, Dilleniaceae, Ranunculaceae, Leguminosae, etc. Found especies in broccoli, capers, chives, kale, garden cress, fennel, lovage, dill weed and tarragon [CCD] A tetrahydroxyflavone in which the four hydroxy groups are located at positions 3, 5, 7 and 4. Acting as an antioxidant by reducing oxidative stress, it is currently under consideration as a possible cancer treatment. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 898; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX500; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3906; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3905 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 898; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX500; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3916; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3915 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 898; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX500; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3928; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3927 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 898; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4291; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4290 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 898; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX500; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3918; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3917 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 898; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX500; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3915; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3914 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. INTERNAL_ID 2358; CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1) CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2358 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 47 CONFIDENCE standard compound; ML_ID 45 Kaempferol (Kempferol), a flavonoid found in many edible plants, inhibits estrogen receptor α expression in breast cancer cells and induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells and lung cancer cells by activation of MEK-MAPK. Kaempferol can be uesd for the research of breast cancer[1][2][3][4]. Kaempferol (Kempferol), a flavonoid found in many edible plants, inhibits estrogen receptor α expression in breast cancer cells and induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells and lung cancer cells by activation of MEK-MAPK. Kaempferol can be uesd for the research of breast cancer[1][2][3][4].
4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde
4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde, also known as 4-formylphenol or 4-hydroxybenzenecarbonal, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxybenzaldehydes. These are organic aromatic compounds containing a benzene ring carrying an aldehyde group and a hydroxyl group. A hydroxybenzaldehyde that is benzaldehyde substituted with a hydroxy group at position C-4. 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde is a sweet, almond, and balsam tasting compound. 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde is found, on average, in the highest concentration within vinegars and oats. 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as cardoons, colorado pinyons, oyster mushrooms, common chokecherries, and potato. This could make 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde is a hydroxybenzaldehyde that is benzaldehyde substituted with a hydroxy group at position C-4. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a mouse metabolite and an EC 1.14.17.1 (dopamine beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor. 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde is a natural product found in Ficus septica, Visnea mocanera, and other organisms with data available. Occurs naturally combined in many glycosides. Constituent of vanillin. Isol. in free state from opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) A hydroxybenzaldehyde that is benzaldehyde substituted with a hydroxy group at position C-4. 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=123-08-0 (retrieved 2024-07-02) (CAS RN: 123-08-0). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde is a one of the major components in vanilla aroma, with antagonistic effect on GABAA receptor of the α1β2γ2S subtype at high concentrations. p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde is a one of the major components in vanilla aroma, with antagonistic effect on GABAA receptor of the α1β2γ2S subtype at high concentrations. p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde is a one of the major components in vanilla aroma, with antagonistic effect on GABAA receptor of the α1β2γ2S subtype at high concentrations.
Quercetin
Quercetin appears as yellow needles or yellow powder. Converts to anhydrous form at 203-207 °F. Alcoholic solutions taste very bitter. (NTP, 1992) Quercetin is a pentahydroxyflavone having the five hydroxy groups placed at the 3-, 3-, 4-, 5- and 7-positions. It is one of the most abundant flavonoids in edible vegetables, fruit and wine. It has a role as an antibacterial agent, an antioxidant, a protein kinase inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent, an EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor, a plant metabolite, a phytoestrogen, a radical scavenger, a chelator, an Aurora kinase inhibitor and a geroprotector. It is a pentahydroxyflavone and a 7-hydroxyflavonol. It is a conjugate acid of a quercetin-7-olate. Quercetin is a flavonol widely distributed in plants. It is an antioxidant, like many other phenolic heterocyclic compounds. Glycosylated forms include RUTIN and quercetrin. Quercetin is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Quercetin is a flavonoid found in many foods and herbs and is a regular component of a normal diet. Extracts of quercetin have been used to treat or prevent diverse conditions including cardiovascular disease, hypercholesterolemia, rheumatic diseases, infections and cancer but have not been shown to be effective in clinical trials for any medical condition. Quercetin as a nutritional supplement is well tolerated and has not been linked to serum enzyme elevations or to episodes of clinically apparent liver injury. Quercetin is a natural product found in Lotus ucrainicus, Visnea mocanera, and other organisms with data available. Quercetin is a polyphenolic flavonoid with potential chemopreventive activity. Quercetin, ubiquitous in plant food sources and a major bioflavonoid in the human diet, may produce antiproliferative effects resulting from the modulation of either EGFR or estrogen-receptor mediated signal transduction pathways. Although the mechanism of action of action is not fully known, the following effects have been described with this agent in vitro: decreased expression of mutant p53 protein and p21-ras oncogene, induction of cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and inhibition of heat shock protein synthesis. This compound also demonstrates synergy and reversal of the multidrug resistance phenotype, when combined with chemotherapeutic drugs, in vitro. Quercetin also produces anti-inflammatory and anti-allergy effects mediated through the inhibition of the lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathways, thereby preventing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. Quercetin is a flavonoid widely distributed in many plants and fruits including red grapes, citrus fruit, tomato, broccoli and other leafy green vegetables, and a number of berries, including raspberries and cranberries. Quercetin itself (aglycone quercetin), as opposed to quercetin glycosides, is not a normal dietary component. Quercitin glycosides are converted to phenolic acids as they pass through the gastrointestinal tract. Quercetin has neither been confirmed scientifically as a specific therapeutic for any condition nor been approved by any regulatory agency. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has not approved any health claims for quercetin. Nevertheless, the interest in dietary flavonoids has grown after the publication of several epidemiological studies showing an inverse correlation between dietary consumption of flavonols and flavones and reduced incidence and mortality from cardiovascular disease and cancer. In recent years, a large amount of experimental and some clinical data have accumulated regarding the effects of flavonoids on the endothelium under physiological and pathological conditions. The meta-analysis of seven prospective cohort studies concluded that the individuals in the top third of dietary flavonol intake are associated with a reduced risk of mortality from coronary heart disease as compared with those in the bottom third, after adju... Quercetin is a flavonoid widely distributed in many plants and fruits including red grapes, citrus fruit, tomato, broccoli and other leafy green vegetables, and a number of berries, including raspberries and cranberries. Quercetin itself (aglycone quercetin), as opposed to quercetin glycosides, is not a normal dietary component. Quercetin glycosides are converted to phenolic acids as they pass through the gastrointestinal tract. Quercetin has neither been confirmed scientifically as a specific therapeutic for any condition nor been approved by any regulatory agency. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has not approved any health claims for quercetin. Nevertheless, the interest in dietary flavonoids has grown after the publication of several epidemiological studies showing an inverse correlation between dietary consumption of flavonols and flavones and reduced incidence and mortality from cardiovascular disease and cancer. In recent years, a large amount of experimental and some clinical data have accumulated regarding the effects of flavonoids on the endothelium under physiological and pathological conditions. The meta-analysis of seven prospective cohort studies concluded that the individuals in the top third of dietary flavonol intake are associated with a reduced risk of mortality from coronary heart disease as compared with those in the bottom third, after adjustment for known risk factors and other dietary components. A limited number of intervention studies with flavonoids and flavonoid containing foods and extracts has been performed in several pathological conditions (PMID:17015250). Quercetin is isolated from many plants, especially fruits, such as Helichrysum, Euphorbia and Karwinskia spp. Present in the Solanaceae, Rhamnaceae, Passifloraceae and many other families. For example detected in almost all studied Umbelliferae. Nutriceutical with antiinflammatory props. and a positive influence on the blood lipid profile. Found in a wide variety of foods especially apples, bee pollen, blackcurrants, capers, cocoa, cranberries, dock leaves, elderberries, fennel, lovage, red onions, ancho peppers, dill weed and tarragon. A pentahydroxyflavone having the five hydroxy groups placed at the 3-, 3-, 4-, 5- and 7-positions. It is one of the most abundant flavonoids in edible vegetables, fruit and wine. COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 298; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4014; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4012 INTERNAL_ID 298; CONFIDENCE standard compound; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4011; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4010 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 298; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4019; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4018 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 298; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4017; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4016 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 298; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4011; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4010 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 298; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4096; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4094 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 298; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4024; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4023 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. [Raw Data] CB109_Quercetin_pos_30eV_CB000041.txt IPB_RECORD: 1761; CONFIDENCE confident structure [Raw Data] CB109_Quercetin_pos_10eV_CB000041.txt [Raw Data] CB109_Quercetin_pos_20eV_CB000041.txt [Raw Data] CB109_Quercetin_pos_40eV_CB000041.txt [Raw Data] CB109_Quercetin_pos_50eV_CB000041.txt IPB_RECORD: 161; CONFIDENCE confident structure [Raw Data] CB109_Quercetin_neg_40eV_000027.txt [Raw Data] CB109_Quercetin_neg_50eV_000027.txt [Raw Data] CB109_Quercetin_neg_20eV_000027.txt [Raw Data] CB109_Quercetin_neg_30eV_000027.txt [Raw Data] CB109_Quercetin_neg_10eV_000027.txt CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 124 CONFIDENCE standard compound; ML_ID 54 Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50 of 2.4 μM, 3.0 μM and 5.4 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respectively[1]. Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50 of 2.4 μM, 3.0 μM and 5.4 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respectively[1].
Pinoresinol
Epipinoresinol is an enantiomer of pinoresinol having (+)-(1R,3aR,4S,6aR)-configuration. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a marine metabolite. Epipinoresinol is a natural product found in Pandanus utilis, Abeliophyllum distichum, and other organisms with data available. An enantiomer of pinoresinol having (+)-(1R,3aR,4S,6aR)-configuration. (+)-pinoresinol is an enantiomer of pinoresinol having (+)-1S,3aR,4S,6aR-configuration. It has a role as a hypoglycemic agent, a plant metabolite and a phytoestrogen. Pinoresinol is a natural product found in Pandanus utilis, Zanthoxylum beecheyanum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Acai fruit pulp (part of). An enantiomer of pinoresinol having (+)-1S,3aR,4S,6aR-configuration. relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.907 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.905 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.897 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.895 Pinoresinol is a lignol of plant origin serving for defense in a caterpillar. Pinoresinol drastically sensitizes cancer cells against TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) -induced apoptosis[1][2]. Pinoresinol is a lignol of plant origin serving for defense in a caterpillar. Pinoresinol drastically sensitizes cancer cells against TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) -induced apoptosis[1][2].
3,7-Dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol
3,7-Dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol, also known simply as linalool is a naturally occurring terpene alcohol. It belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acyclic monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenes that do not contain a cycle. Linalool has a role as a plant metabolite, a volatile oil component, an antimicrobial agent and a fragrance. There are two stereoisomers of Linalool ‚Äö√Ñ√¨ (S)-linalool and (R)-linalool. Linalool is used as a scent in 60\\\\\% to 80\\\\\% of perfumed hygiene products and cleaning agents including soaps, detergents, shampoos, and lotions. Linalool is also used by pest professionals as a flea, fruit fly, and cockroach insecticide. Linalool is found in more than 200 different species of plants, including many flowers and spice plants. (S)-linalool is found, for example, as a major constituent of the essential oils of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), cymbopogon (Cymbopogon martini var. martinii), and sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) flowers. (R)-linalool is present in lavender (Lavandula officinalis), bay laurel (Laurus nobilis), and sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum), among others. Linalool is also found in plants from the Lamiaceae family (mint and other herbs), Lauraceae (laurels, cinnamon, rosewood), Cinnamomum tamala, Solidago Meyen, Artemisia vulgaris (mugwort), Humulus lupulus. Linalool is also one of several monoterpenes that are found in cannabis plants (PMID:6991645 ). There are more than 140 known terpenes in cannabis and the combination of these terepenoids produces the skunky, fruity odor characteristic of C. savita. Like the majority of monoterpenes, linalool starts with the condensation of dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) and isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) to form geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP) (PMID:7640522 ). Linalool is then synthesized with the aid of linalool synthase (LIS) (PMID:12572612 ). Linalool has a citrus, floral, rose, woody aroma and a citrus, orange, waxy taste. Linalool is found in a few different foods and spices, such as spearmints, corianders, common thymes, limes, grapes, lemons, grapefruit, oranges, pineapples, blackcurrants, basil, and common oregano. This could make, Linalool a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Linalool is also synthesized, de novo, by yeast (C. cerevisiae) and may contribute to the floral tones found in some wines (PMID:15668008 ). Linalool is a monoterpenoid that is octa-1,6-diene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 7 and a hydroxy group at position 3. It has been isolated from plants like Ocimum canum. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a volatile oil component, an antimicrobial agent and a fragrance. It is a tertiary alcohol and a monoterpenoid. Linalool is a natural product found in Nepeta nepetella, Teucrium montanum, and other organisms with data available. 3,7-Dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Cinnamon Leaf Oil (part of); Clary Sage Oil (part of); Cannabis sativa subsp. indica top (part of) ... View More ... A monoterpenoid that is octa-1,6-diene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 7 and a hydroxy group at position 3. It has been isolated from plants like Ocimum canum. Flavouring agent. Widespread natural occurrence as the optically active and racemic forms in over 200 essential oilsand is) also present in numerous fruits. D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals Linalool is natural monoterpene in essential olis of coriander, acts as a competitive antagonist of Nmethyl d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, with anti-tumor, anti-cardiotoxicity activity[1].Linalool is a PPARα ligand that reduces plasma TG levels and rewires the hepatic transcriptome and plasma metabolome[2]. Linalool is a natural monoterpene which is a competitive NMDA receptor antagonist. Linalool is orally active and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Linalool has anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anxiolytic, antidepressant, anti-stress, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective and pulmonary protective activities[1][2][3][4][5]. Linalool is natural monoterpene in essential olis of coriander, acts as a competitive antagonist of Nmethyl d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, with anti-tumor, anti-cardiotoxicity activity[1].Linalool is a PPARα ligand that reduces plasma TG levels and rewires the hepatic transcriptome and plasma metabolome[2].
Ergosterol
Ergosterol is a phytosterol consisting of ergostane having double bonds at the 5,6-, 7,8- and 22,23-positions as well as a 3beta-hydroxy group. It has a role as a fungal metabolite and a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite. It is a 3beta-sterol, an ergostanoid, a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid and a member of phytosterols. A steroid of interest both because its biosynthesis in FUNGI is a target of ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS, notably AZOLES, and because when it is present in SKIN of animals, ULTRAVIOLET RAYS break a bond to result in ERGOCALCIFEROL. Ergosterol is a natural product found in Gladiolus italicus, Ramaria formosa, and other organisms with data available. ergosterol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A steroid occurring in FUNGI. Irradiation with ULTRAVIOLET RAYS results in formation of ERGOCALCIFEROL (vitamin D2). See also: Reishi (part of). Ergosterol, also known as provitamin D2, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as ergosterols and derivatives. These are steroids containing ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3beta-ol or a derivative thereof, which is based on the 3beta-hydroxylated ergostane skeleton. Thus, ergosterol is considered to be a sterol lipid molecule. Ergosterol is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Ergosterol is the biological precursor to vitamin D2. It is turned into viosterol by ultraviolet light, and is then converted into ergocalciferol, which is a form of vitamin D. Ergosterol is a component of fungal cell membranes, serving the same function that cholesterol serves in animal cells. Ergosterol is not found in mammalian cell membranes. A phytosterol consisting of ergostane having double bonds at the 5,6-, 7,8- and 22,23-positions as well as a 3beta-hydroxy group. Ergosterol. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=57-87-4 (retrieved 2024-07-12) (CAS RN: 57-87-4). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Ergosterol is the primary sterol found in fungi, with antioxidative, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory effects. Ergosterol is the primary sterol found in fungi, with antioxidative, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory effects.
beta-Sitosterol
beta-Sitosterol, a main dietary phytosterol found in plants, may have the potential for prevention and therapy for human cancer. Phytosterols are plant sterols found in foods such as oils, nuts, and vegetables. Phytosterols, in the same way as cholesterol, contain a double bond and are susceptible to oxidation, and are characterized by anti-carcinogenic and anti-atherogenic properties (PMID:13129445, 11432711). beta-Sitosterol is a phytopharmacological extract containing a mixture of phytosterols, with smaller amounts of other sterols, bonded with glucosides. These phytosterols are commonly derived from the South African star grass, Hypoxis rooperi, or from species of Pinus and Picea. The purported active constituent is termed beta-sitosterol. Additionally, the quantity of beta-sitosterol-beta-D-glucoside is often reported. Although the exact mechanism of action of beta-sitosterols is unknown, it may be related to cholesterol metabolism or anti-inflammatory effects (via interference with prostaglandin metabolism). Compared with placebo, beta-sitosterol improved urinary symptom scores and flow measures (PMID:10368239). A plant food-based diet modifies the serum beta-sitosterol concentration in hyperandrogenic postmenopausal women. This finding indicates that beta-sitosterol can be used as a biomarker of exposure in observational studies or as a compliance indicator in dietary intervention studies of cancer prevention (PMID:14652381). beta-Sitosterol induces apoptosis and activates key caspases in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells (PMID:12579296). Sitosterol is a member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. It has a role as a sterol methyltransferase inhibitor, an anticholesteremic drug, an antioxidant, a plant metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a 3beta-sterol, a stigmastane sterol, a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid, a C29-steroid and a member of phytosterols. It derives from a hydride of a stigmastane. Active fraction of Solanum trilobatum; reduces side-effects of radiation-induced toxicity. Beta-Sitosterol is a natural product found in Elodea canadensis, Ophiopogon intermedius, and other organisms with data available. beta-Sitosterol is one of several phytosterols (plant sterols) with chemical structures similar to that of cholesterol. Sitosterols are white, waxy powders with a characteristic odor. They are hydrophobic and soluble in alcohols. beta-Sitosterol is found in many foods, some of which are ginseng, globe artichoke, sesbania flower, and common oregano. C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28178 - Phytosterol > C68437 - Unsaturated Phytosterol D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1]. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1].
Lutein
Lutein is a common carotenoid xanthophyll found in nature. Carotenoids are among the most common pigments in nature and are natural lipid-soluble antioxidants. Lutein is one of the two carotenoids (the other is zeaxanthin) that accumulate in the eye lens and macular region of the retina with concentrations in the macula greater than those found in plasma and other tissues. Lutein and zeaxanthin have identical chemical formulas and are isomers, but they are not stereoisomers. The main difference between them is in the location of a double bond in one of the end rings. This difference gives lutein three chiral centers whereas zeaxanthin has two. A relationship between macular pigment optical density, a marker of lutein and zeaxanthin concentration in the macula, and lens optical density, an antecedent of cataractous changes, has been suggested. The xanthophylls may act to protect the eye from ultraviolet phototoxicity via quenching reactive oxygen species and/or other mechanisms. Some observational studies have shown that generous intakes of lutein and zeaxanthin, particularly from certain xanthophyll-rich foods like spinach, broccoli, and eggs, are associated with a significant reduction in the risk for cataracts (up to 20\\\\\%) and age-related macular degeneration (up to 40\\\\\%). While the pathophysiology of cataract and age-related macular degeneration is complex and contains both environmental and genetic components, research studies suggest dietary factors including antioxidant vitamins and xanthophylls may contribute to a reduction in the risk of these degenerative eye diseases. Further research is necessary to confirm these observations (PMID: 11023002). Lutein is a carotenol. It has a role as a food colouring and a plant metabolite. It derives from a hydride of a (6R)-beta,epsilon-carotene. Lutein is an xanthophyll and one of 600 known naturally occurring carotenoids. Lutein is synthesized only by plants and like other xanthophylls is found in high quantities in green leafy vegetables such as spinach, kale and yellow carrots. In green plants, xanthophylls act to modulate light energy and serve as non-photochemical quenching agents to deal with triplet chlorophyll (an excited form of chlorophyll), which is overproduced at very high light levels, during photosynthesis. Lutein is a natural product found in Eupatorium cannabinum, Hibiscus syriacus, and other organisms with data available. Lutein is lutein (LOO-teen) is a oxygenated carotenoid found in vegetables and fruits. lutein is found in the macula of the eye, where it is believed to act as a yellow filter. Lutein acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells against the damaging effects of free radicals. A xanthophyll found in the major LIGHT-HARVESTING PROTEIN COMPLEXES of plants. Dietary lutein accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA. See also: Calendula Officinalis Flower (part of); Corn (part of); Chicken; lutein (component of) ... View More ... Pigment from egg yolk and leaves. Found in all higher plants. Nutriceutical with anticancer and antioxidation props. Potentially useful for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) of the eye Lutein A. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=127-40-2 (retrieved 2024-07-12) (CAS RN: 127-40-2). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Lutein (Xanthophyll) is a carotenoid with reported anti-inflammatory properties. A large body of evidence shows that lutein has several beneficial effects, especially on eye health[1]. Lutein exerts its biological activities, including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidase and anti-apoptosis, through effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS)[2][3]. Lutein is able to arrive in the brain and shows antidepressant-like and neuroprotective effects. Lutein is orally active[4]. Lutein (Xanthophyll) is a carotenoid with reported anti-inflammatory properties. A large body of evidence shows that lutein has several beneficial effects, especially on eye health[1]. Lutein exerts its biological activities, including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidase and anti-apoptosis, through effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS)[2][3]. Lutein is able to arrive in the brain and shows antidepressant-like and neuroprotective effects. Lutein is orally active[4].
beta-Sitosterol 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside
Daucosterol is a steroid saponin that is sitosterol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has bee isolated from Panax japonicus var. major and Breynia fruticosa. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a steroid saponin, a beta-D-glucoside and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a sitosterol. It derives from a hydride of a stigmastane. Sitogluside is a natural product found in Ophiopogon intermedius, Ophiopogon jaburan, and other organisms with data available. beta-Sitosterol 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside is found in herbs and spices. beta-Sitosterol 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside is a constituent of Hibiscus sabdariffa (roselle) leaves. C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent Daucosterol is a natural sterol compound. Daucosterol is a natural sterol compound.
(-)-3-Isothujone
(-)-3-Isothujone is found in alcoholic beverages. Ingredient of absinthe. Presence in food and beverages regulated by legislation.Thujone is a ketone and a monoterpene that occurs naturally in two diastereomeric forms: (-)-alpha-thujone and (+)-beta-thujone. It has a menthol odor. In addition to (-)-alpha-thujone and (+)-beta-thujone, there are their enantiomeric forms, (+)-alpha-thujone and (-)-beta-thujone. (Wikipedia (-)-alpha-thujone is the (1S,4R,5R)-stereoisomer of alpha-thujone. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-alpha-thujone. alpha-Thujone is a natural product found in Xylopia sericea, Rhododendron mucronulatum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Artemisia absinthium whole (part of). A thujane monoterpenoid that is thujane substituted by an oxo group at position 3. Ingredient of absinthe. Presence in food and beverages regulated by legislation α-Thujone is a monoterpene isolated from Thuja occidentalis essential oil with potent anti-tumor activities. α-Thujone is a reversible modulator of the GABA type A receptor and the IC50 for α-Thujone is 21 μM in suppressing the GABA-induced currents. α-Thujone induces ROS accumulation-dependent cytotoxicity, also induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. α-Thujone has antinociceptive, insecticidal, and anthelmintic activity, and easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier[1][2][3]. α-Thujone is a monoterpene isolated from Thuja occidentalis essential oil with potent anti-tumor activities. α-Thujone is a reversible modulator of the GABA type A receptor and the IC50 for α-Thujone is 21 μM in suppressing the GABA-induced currents. α-Thujone induces ROS accumulation-dependent cytotoxicity, also induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. α-Thujone has antinociceptive, insecticidal, and anthelmintic activity, and easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier[1][2][3]. α-Thujone is a monoterpene isolated from Thuja occidentalis essential oil with potent anti-tumor activities. α-Thujone is a reversible modulator of the GABA type A receptor and the IC50 for α-Thujone is 21 μM in suppressing the GABA-induced currents. α-Thujone induces ROS accumulation-dependent cytotoxicity, also induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. α-Thujone has antinociceptive, insecticidal, and anthelmintic activity, and easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier[1][2][3].
D-Citronellol
Citronellol is formally classified as alkylalcohol although it is biochemically a monoterpenoid as it is synthesized from isoprene units. Citronellol is a neutral compound. It is a naturally occurring organic compound found in cannabis plants (PMID:6991645 ). Citronellol occurs in many essential oils as either ‚Äì or + enantiomers. -Citronellol is found in the oils of rose (18-55\\\\\\%) and Pelargonium geraniums while + citronellol is found in citronella oils extracted from the leaves and stems of Cymbopogon nardus or citronella grass. Citronellol has a citrus, floral, and geranium taste with a floral¬†leathery¬†waxy¬†rose¬†citrus odor ( Ref:DOI ). It is used in perfumery to add scents to soaps and incense. It is an insect repellent that repels mosquitos at short distances (PMID:2862274 ). Citronellol is found in highest concentrations in gingers, sweet basils, and winter savories and in lower concentrations in highbush blueberries, bilberries, and cardamoms. Citronellol has also been detected in blackcurrants, fennels, evergreen blackberries, herbs and spices, and nutmegs making citronellol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Citronellol has promising pharmacological activities (PMID:30453001 ) against human lung cancer (PMID:31280209 ), against induced rat breast cancer (PMID:31313341 ), has antifungal activity against Candida species (PMID:32150884 ) and has anti-hypertensive properties (PMID:26872991 ). (R)-(+)-citronellol is a citronellol that is oct-6-ene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and methyl groups at positions 3 and 7 (the 3R-enantiomer). It is an enantiomer of a (S)-(-)-citronellol. D-Citronellol is a natural product found in Azadirachta indica, Saxifraga stolonifera, and other organisms with data available. See also: beta-CITRONELLOL, (R)-; GERANIOL (component of); beta-CITRONELLOL, (R)-; GERANIOL; LINALOOL, (+/-)- (component of) ... View More ... Constituent of black cumin (Nigella sativa) seeds. A common constituent of plant oils, especies in the Rutaceae. D-Citronellol is found in herbs and spices. (R)-Citronellol (D-Citronellol) is an alcoholic monoterpene found in geranium essential oil. (R)-Citronellol inhibits degranulation of mast cells and does not affect caffeine bitterness perception. (R)-Citronellol can be used in decorative cosmetics, toiletries as well as in non-cosmetic products[1][2][3]. (R)-Citronellol (D-Citronellol) is an alcoholic monoterpene found in geranium essential oil. (R)-Citronellol inhibits degranulation of mast cells and does not affect caffeine bitterness perception. (R)-Citronellol can be used in decorative cosmetics, toiletries as well as in non-cosmetic products[1][2][3]. Citronellol ((±)-Citronellol) is a monoterpene Pelargonium graveolens. Citronellol ((±)-Citronellol) induces necroptosis of cancer cell via up-regulating TNF-α, RIP1/RIP3 activities, down-regulating caspase-3/caspase-8 activities and increasing ROS (reactive oxygen species) accumulation[1]. Citronellol ((±)-Citronellol) is a monoterpene Pelargonium graveolens. Citronellol ((±)-Citronellol) induces necroptosis of cancer cell via up-regulating TNF-α, RIP1/RIP3 activities, down-regulating caspase-3/caspase-8 activities and increasing ROS (reactive oxygen species) accumulation[1].
Makisteron A
Makisterone A is a steroid. Makisterone A is a natural product found in Rhodnius prolixus, Dysdercus cingulatus, and other organisms with data available.
Sugiol
Sugiol is an abietane diterpenoid that is ferruginol in which the methylene group para to the phenolic hydroxy group has been substituted by an oxo group. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an antiviral agent, an antineoplastic agent, an antioxidant and a radical scavenger. It is an abietane diterpenoid, a carbotricyclic compound, a meroterpenoid, a member of phenols and a cyclic terpene ketone. It is functionally related to a ferruginol. Sugiol is a natural product found in Austrocedrus chilensis, Libocedrus bidwillii, and other organisms with data available. An abietane diterpenoid that is ferruginol in which the methylene group para to the phenolic hydroxy group has been substituted by an oxo group.
25d20E
Ponasterone A is a 2beta-hydroxy steroid, a 3beta-hydroxy steroid, a 14alpha-hydroxy steroid, a 20-hydroxy steroid, a 22-hydroxy steroid, a 6-oxo steroid and a phytoecdysteroid. Ponasterone A is a natural product found in Zoanthus, Lomaridium contiguum, and other organisms with data available. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones Ponasterone A (25-Deoxyecdysterone), an ecdysteroid, has strong affinity for the ecdysone receptor. Ponasterone A is a potent regulator of gene expression in cells and transgenic animals, enabling reporter genes to be turned on and off rapidly[1][2].
Sequoyitol
1D-5-O-methyl-myo-inositol is a member of the class of methyl myo-inositols that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol substituted by a methoxy group at position 6 (the 1R,2S,3r,4R,5S,6r-stereoisomer). It has a role as a plant metabolite. Sequoyitol is a natural product found in Podocarpus sellowii, Aristolochia gigantea, and other organisms with data available. Occurs in all gymnosperms and two families of dicotyledonsand is also isolated from ferns Nephrolepis auriculata and Nephrolepis biserrata. Sequoyitol is found in soy bean and ginkgo nuts. Sequoyitol is found in ginkgo nuts. Sequoyitol occurs in all gymnosperms and two families of dicotyledons. Also isolated from ferns Nephrolepis auriculata and Nephrolepis biserrat Sequoyitol (5-O-Methyl-myo-inositol) is isolated from plants. Sequoyitol (5-O-Methyl-myo-inositol) decreases blood glucose, improves glucose intolerance, and is used to treat diabetes[1]. Sequoyitol (5-O-Methyl-myo-inositol) is isolated from plants. Sequoyitol (5-O-Methyl-myo-inositol) decreases blood glucose, improves glucose intolerance, and is used to treat diabetes[1].
Secoisolariciresinol
Secoisolariciresinol, also known as knotolan or secoisolariciresinol, (r*,s*)-isomer, is a member of the class of compounds known as dibenzylbutanediol lignans. Dibenzylbutanediol lignans are lignan compounds containing a 2,3-dibenzylbutane-1,4-diol moiety. Secoisolariciresinol is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Secoisolariciresinol can be found in a number of food items such as grape, saskatoon berry, asparagus, and sweet potato, which makes secoisolariciresinol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Secoisolariciresinol can be found primarily in urine. Secoisolariciresinol is a lignan, a type of phenylpropanoid. It is present in the water extract of silver fir wood, where its content is more than 5 \\\\% . (-)-secoisolariciresinol is an enantiomer of secoisolariciresinol having (-)-(2R,3R)-configuration. It has a role as an antidepressant, a plant metabolite and a phytoestrogen. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-secoisolariciresinol. Secoisolariciresinol has been used in trials studying the prevention of Breast Cancer. Secoisolariciresinol is a natural product found in Fitzroya cupressoides, Crossosoma bigelovii, and other organisms with data available. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D004967 - Estrogens Secoisolariciresinol is a lignan, a type of phenylpropanoids. Secoisolariciresinol is a lignan, a type of phenylpropanoids. Secoisolariciresinol is a lignan, a type of phenylpropanoids.
beta-Geraniol
Geraniol is a colorless to pale yellow oily liquid with a sweet rose odor. (NTP, 1992) Geraniol is a monoterpenoid consisting of two prenyl units linked head-to-tail and functionalised with a hydroxy group at its tail end. It has a role as a fragrance, an allergen, a volatile oil component and a plant metabolite. It is a monoterpenoid, a primary alcohol and a 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol. Geraniol is a monoterpene that is found within many essential oils of fruits, vegetables, and herbs including rose oil, citronella, lemongrass, lavender, and other aromatic plants. It is emitted from the flowers of many species of plant and is commonly used by the food, fragrance, and cosmetic industry. Geraniol has demonstrated a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, and neuroprotective to name a few. Interestingly, geraniol has also been shown to sensitize tumour cells to commonly used chemotherapies including [DB00544] and [DB01248] and represents a promising cancer chemopreventive agent. Due to its anticancer effects, geraniol has been found to be effective against a broad range of cancers including breast, lung, colon, prostate, pancreatic, skin, liver, kidney and oral cancers. These pharmacologic effects are clinically important as geraniol is classified as generally-recognized-as-safe (GRAS) by the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the United States. Sensitivity to geraniol may be identified with a clinical patch test. Geraniol is a Standardized Chemical Allergen. The physiologic effect of geraniol is by means of Increased Histamine Release, and Cell-mediated Immunity. Geraniol is a natural product found in Xylopia sericea, Eupatorium cannabinum, and other organisms with data available. beta-Geraniol is found in almond. beta-Geraniol is found in free state and as esters in many essential oils including geranium oil. Most prolific natural source is palmarosa oil. beta-Geraniol is a flavouring agent. Geraniol is a monoterpenoid and an alcohol. It is the primary part of rose oil, palmarosa oil, and citronella oil (Java type). It also occurs in small quantities in geranium, lemon, and many other essential oils. It has a rose-like odor and is commonly used in perfumes. It is used in flavors such as peach, raspberry, grapefruit, red apple, plum, lime, orange, lemon, watermelon, pineapple, and blueberry. It is the isomer of nerol. (Wikipedia) beta-Geraniol belongs to the family of Monoterpenes. These are compounds contaning a chain of two isoprene units. Geraniol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Coriander Oil (part of); Java citronella oil (part of). beta-Geraniol, also known as (E)-nerol, the isomer of nerol (or geranyl alcohol, is a monoterpenoid alcohol. It belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acyclic monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenes that do not contain a cycle. Monoterpenoids are terpenes that contain 10 carbon atoms and are comprised of two isoprene units. The biosynthesis of monoterpenes is known to occur mainly through the methyl-erythritol-phosphate (MEP) pathway in the plastids (PMID:7640522 ). Geranyl diphosphate (GPP) is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of cyclic monoterpenes. GPP undergoes several cyclization reactions to yield a diverse number of cyclic arrangements. beta-Geraniol is an isoprenoid lipid molecule that is very hydrophobic, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. beta-Geraniol has a sweet, citrus, and floral taste. beta-Geraniol is found in highest concentrations in common grapes, black walnuts, and common thymes and in lower concentrations in cardamoms, common oregano, and gingers. beta-Geraniol has also been detected in lemon verbena, oval-leaf huckleberries, common pea, sweet cherries, and nopals. This could make beta-geraniol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. It is found in as an alcohol and as its ester in many essential oils including geranium oil. It is the primary part of rose oil, palmarosa oil, and citronella oil (Java type) and occurs in small quantities in geranium, lemon, and many other essential oils. Geraniol is a monoterpenoid and an alcohol found in cannabis plants (PMID:6991645 ). Because it has a rose-like odor, it is commonly used in perfumes. It is used to create flavors such as peach, raspberry, grapefruit, red apple, plum, lime, orange, lemon, watermelon, pineapple, and blueberry. Geraniol is produced by the scent glands of honeybees to mark nectar-bearing flowers and locate the entrances to their hives (http//doi:10.1051/apido:19900403). Found in free state and as esters in many essential oils including geranium oil. Most prolific natural source is palmarosa oil. Flavouring agent A monoterpenoid consisting of two prenyl units linked head-to-tail and functionalised with a hydroxy group at its tail end. C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant Geraniol, an olefinic terpene, was found to inhibit growth of Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains[1]. Geraniol, an olefinic terpene, was found to inhibit growth of Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains[1]. Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity[1][2]. Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity[1][2]. Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity[1][2].
Geraniol
Geraniol, also known as beta-Geraniol, (E)-nerol (the isomer of nerol) or geranyl alcohol, is a monoterpenoid alcohol. It belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acyclic monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenes that do not contain a cycle. Monoterpenoids are terpenes that contain 10 carbon atoms and are comprised of two isoprene units. In plants, the biosynthesis of monoterpenes is known to occur mainly through the methyl-erythritol-phosphate (MEP) pathway in the plastids (PMID:7640522 ). Geranyl diphosphate (GPP) is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of cyclic monoterpenes. GPP undergoes several cyclization reactions to yield a diverse number of cyclic arrangements. beta-Geraniol is an isoprenoid lipid molecule that is very hydrophobic, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. beta-Geraniol has a sweet, citrus, and floral taste. beta-Geraniol is found in highest concentrations in common grapes, black walnuts, and common thymes and in lower concentrations in cardamoms, common oregano, and gingers. beta-Geraniol has also been detected in lemon verbena, oval-leaf huckleberries, common pea, sweet cherries, and nopals. It is found as an alcohol and as its ester in many essential oils including geranium oil. It is the primary part of rose oil, palmarosa oil, and citronella oil (Java type) and occurs in small quantities in geranium, lemon, and many other essential oils. Because it has a rose-like odor, it is commonly used in perfumes. It is used to create flavors such as peach, raspberry, grapefruit, red apple, plum, lime, orange, lemon, watermelon, pineapple, and blueberry. An alternate application has been found in the use of insect repellents or deterrants. Though it may repel mosquitoes, flies, lice, cockroaches, ants, and ticks, it is also produced by the scent glands of honey bees to help them mark nectar-bearing flowers and locate the entrances to their hives (http//doi:10.1051/apido:19900403). Extensive testing by Dr. Jerry Butler at the University of Florida has shown geraniol to be one of natures most effective insect repellents (PMID:20836800). Nerol is the (2Z)-stereoisomer of 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol. It has been isolated from the essential oils from plants like lemon grass. It has a role as a volatile oil component, a plant metabolite and a fragrance. Nerol is a natural product found in Eupatorium cannabinum, Vitis rotundifolia, and other organisms with data available. Nerol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Constituent of many essential oils including neroli and bergamot oils. In essential oils it is a minor component always accompanied by geraniol. Flavouring agent The (2Z)-stereoisomer of 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol. It has been isolated from the essential oils from plants like lemon grass. Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity[1][2]. Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity[1][2]. Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity[1][2].
(S)-10-Nonacosanol
(S)-nonacosan-10-ol is the (S)-enantiomer of nonacosan-10-ol. It is an enantiomer of a (R)-nonacosan-10-ol. Ginnol is a natural product found in Juniperus pinchotii, Entodon luridus, and other organisms with data available. Wax from Ginkgo biloba (ginkgo). (S)-10-Nonacosanol is found in fats and oils. (S)-10-Nonacosanol is found in fats and oils. Wax from Ginkgo biloba (ginkgo
SS-secoisolariciresinol
(+)-secoisolariciresinol is an enantiomer of secoisolariciresinol having (+)-(2S,3S)-configuration. It is an enantiomer of a (-)-secoisolariciresinol. (+)-Secoisolariciresinol is a natural product found in Taxus baccata, Phyllanthus polyphyllus, and other organisms with data available. An enantiomer of secoisolariciresinol having (+)-(2S,3S)-configuration. (+)-Secoisolariciresinol, a lignan compound, is a (+)-enantiomer of Secoisolariciresinol[1].
Paclitaxel
Taxol appears as needles (from aqueous methanol) or fine white powder. An anti-cancer drug. Paclitaxel is a tetracyclic diterpenoid isolated originally from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, Taxus brevifolia. It is a mitotic inhibitor used in cancer chemotherapy. Note that the use of the former generic name taxol is now limited, as Taxol is a registered trade mark. It has a role as a microtubule-stabilising agent, a metabolite, a human metabolite and an antineoplastic agent. It is a tetracyclic diterpenoid and a taxane diterpenoid. It is functionally related to a baccatin III. Paclitaxel is a chemotherapeutic agent marketed under the brand name Taxol among others. Used as a treatment for various cancers, paclitaxel is a mitotic inhibitor that was first isolated in 1971 from the bark of the Pacific yew tree which contains endophytic fungi that synthesize paclitaxel. It is available as an intravenous solution for injection and the newer formulation contains albumin-bound paclitaxel marketed under the brand name Abraxane. Paclitaxel is a Microtubule Inhibitor. The physiologic effect of paclitaxel is by means of Microtubule Inhibition. Paclitaxel is an antineoplastic agent which acts by inhibitor of cellular mitosis and which currently plays a central role in the therapy of ovarian, breast, and lung cancer. Therapy with paclitaxel has been associated with a low rate of serum enzyme elevations, but has not been clearly linked to cases of clinically apparent acute liver injury. Paclitaxel is a natural product found in Taxomyces andreanae, Penicillium aurantiacobrunneum, and other organisms with data available. Paclitaxel is a compound extracted from the Pacific yew tree Taxus brevifolia with antineoplastic activity. Paclitaxel binds to tubulin and inhibits the disassembly of microtubules, thereby resulting in the inhibition of cell division. This agent also induces apoptosis by binding to and blocking the function of the apoptosis inhibitor protein Bcl-2 (B-cell Leukemia 2). (NCI04) A cyclodecane isolated from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, TAXUS brevifolia. It stabilizes microtubules in their polymerized form leading to cell death. ABI-007 (Abraxane) is the latest attempt to improve upon paclitaxel, one of the leading chemotherapy treatments. Both drugs contain the same active agent, but Abraxane is delivered by a nanoparticle technology that binds to albumin, a natural protein, rather than the toxic solvent known as Cremophor. It is thought that delivering paclitaxel with this technology will cause fewer hypersensitivity reactions and possibly lead to greater drug uptake in tumors. Paclitaxel is a mitotic inhibitor used in cancer chemotherapy. It was discovered in a US National Cancer Institute program at the Research Triangle Institute in 1967 when Monroe E. Wall and Mansukh C. Wani isolated it from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, Taxus brevifolia and named it taxol. Later it was discovered that endophytic fungi in the bark synthesize paclitaxel. See also: Paclitaxel Poliglumex (is active moiety of). A cyclodecane isolated from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, TAXUS brevifolia. It stabilizes microtubules in their polymerized form leading to cell death. [PubChem] ABI-007 (Abraxane) is the latest attempt to improve upon paclitaxel, one of the leading chemotherapy treatments. Both drugs contain the same active agent, but Abraxane is delivered by a nanoparticle technology that binds to albumin, a natural protein, rather than the toxic solvent known as Cremophor. It is thought that delivering paclitaxel with this technology will cause fewer hypersensitivity reactions and possibly lead to greater drug uptake in tumors. A tetracyclic diterpenoid isolated originally from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, Taxus brevifolia. It is a mitotic inhibitor used in cancer chemotherapy. Note that the use of the former generic name taxol is now limited, as Taxol is a registered trade mark. L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01C - Plant alkaloids and other natural products > L01CD - Taxanes C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C273 - Antimitotic Agent [Raw Data] CB246_Paclitaxel_pos_20eV_CB000085.txt [Raw Data] CB246_Paclitaxel_pos_10eV_CB000085.txt [Raw Data] CB246_Paclitaxel_pos_30eV_CB000085.txt [Raw Data] CB246_Paclitaxel_pos_40eV_CB000085.txt [Raw Data] CB246_Paclitaxel_pos_50eV_CB000085.txt Paclitaxel is a naturally occurring antineoplastic agent and stabilizes tubulin polymerization. Paclitaxel can cause both mitotic arrest and apoptotic cell death. Paclitaxel also induces autophagy[1][2]. Paclitaxel is a naturally occurring antineoplastic agent and stabilizes tubulin polymerization. Paclitaxel can cause both mitotic arrest and apoptotic cell death. Paclitaxel also induces autophagy[1][2].
Taxol B
Taxol B is a natural product found in Corylus avellana, Taxus wallichiana, and other organisms with data available. Cephalomannine is a diterpene taxane obtained from the bark and leaves of the yew tree (Taxus brevifolia) and can convert to taxol. (NCI) Cephalomannine is a Paclitaxel (HY-B0015) alkaloidal analog and isolated from most Cephalotaxus species. Cephalomannine is an orally active anti-tumor agent and can be used as a chemotherapy agent for cancer research[1][2]. Cephalomannine is a Paclitaxel (HY-B0015) alkaloidal analog that can be isolated from most Cephalotaxus species. Cephalomannine is an orally active anti-tumor agent and can be used as a chemotherapy agent for cancer research[1][2][3][4]. Cephalomannine is a Paclitaxel (HY-B0015) alkaloidal analog and isolated from most Cephalotaxus species. Cephalomannine is an orally active anti-tumor agent and can be used as a chemotherapy agent for cancer research[1][2].
10-Deacetylbaccatin III
relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.908 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.907 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.902 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.898 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2261 10-Deacetylbaccatin-III is an intermediate for taxol analog preparations. IC50 value: Target: Taxols have exhibit antitumor agents. Several of these taxols can be synthesized from 10- Deacetylbaccatin-III. 10-Deacetylbaccine III is the fifth intermediate of paclitaxel biosynthesis. The biosynthetic pathway consists of approximately 20 enzymatic steps but is not fully elucidated. 10-Deacetylbaccine III is an antineoplastic agent and an anti-cancer intermediate. 10-Deacetylbaccatin-III is an intermediate for taxol analog preparations. IC50 value: Target: Taxols have exhibit antitumor agents. Several of these taxols can be synthesized from 10- Deacetylbaccatin-III. 10-Deacetylbaccine III is the fifth intermediate of paclitaxel biosynthesis. The biosynthetic pathway consists of approximately 20 enzymatic steps but is not fully elucidated. 10-Deacetylbaccine III is an antineoplastic agent and an anti-cancer intermediate.
Oleic acid
Oleic acid (or 9Z)-Octadecenoic acid) is an unsaturated C-18 or an omega-9 fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It occurs naturally in various animal and vegetable fats and oils. It is an odorless, colorless oil, although commercial samples may be yellowish. The name derives from the Latin word oleum, which means oil. Oleic acid is the most abundant fatty acid in human adipose tissue, and the second most abundant in human tissues overall, following palmitic acid. Oleic acid is a component of the normal human diet, being a part of animal fats and vegetable oils. Triglycerides of oleic acid represent the majority of olive oil (about 70\\\\%). Oleic acid triglycerides also make up 59–75\\\\% of pecan oil, 61\\\\% of canola oil, 36–67\\\\% of peanut oil, 60\\\\% of macadamia oil, 20–80\\\\% of sunflower oil, 15–20\\\\% of grape seed oil, sea buckthorn oil, 40\\\\% of sesame oil, and 14\\\\% of poppyseed oil. High oleic variants of plant sources such as sunflower (~80\\\\%) and canola oil (70\\\\%) also have been developed. consumption has been associated with decreased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and possibly with increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, however, the ability of oleic acid to raise HDL is still debated. Oleic acid may be responsible for the hypotensive (blood pressure reducing) effects of olive oil that is considered a health benefit. Oleic acid is used in manufacturing of surfactants, soaps, plasticizers. It is also used as an emulsifying agent in foods and pharmaceuticals. Oleic acid is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. Major constituent of plant oils e.g. olive oil (ca. 80\\\\%), almond oil (ca. 80\\\\%) and many others, mainly as glyceride. Constituent of tall oiland is also present in apple, melon, raspberry oil, tomato, banana, roasted peanuts, black tea, rice bran, cardamon, plum brandy, peated malt, dairy products and various animal fats. Component of citrus fruit coatings. Emulsifying agent in foods CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 290 COVID info from WikiPathways Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid[1]. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator[2]. Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid[1]. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator[2].
Eugenol
Eugenol appears as clear colorless pale yellow or amber-colored liquid. Odor of cloves. Spicy pungent taste. (NTP, 1992) Eugenol is a phenylpropanoid formally derived from guaiacol with an allyl chain substituted para to the hydroxy group. It is a major component of clove essential oil, and exhibits antibacterial, analgesic and antioxidant properties. It has been widely used in dentistry to treat toothache and pulpitis. It has a role as an allergen, a human blood serum metabolite, a sensitiser, a volatile oil component, a flavouring agent, an EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor, a radical scavenger, an antibacterial agent, an antineoplastic agent, an apoptosis inducer, an anaesthetic, an analgesic, a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker, a NF-kappaB inhibitor and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is a phenylpropanoid, a monomethoxybenzene, a member of phenols and an alkenylbenzene. It is functionally related to a guaiacol. Eugenol is a naturally occurring phenolic molecule found in several plants such as cinnamon, clove, and bay leaves. It has been used as a topical antiseptic as a counter-irritant and in dental preparations with zinc oxide for root canal sealing and pain control. Although not currently available in any FDA-approved products (including OTC), eugenol has been found to have anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antipyretic, antioxidant, antifungal and analgesic properties. Its exact mechanism of action is unknown, however, it has been shown to interfere with action potential conduction. There are a number of unapproved OTC products available containing eugenol that advertise its use for the treatment of toothache. Eugenol is a Standardized Chemical Allergen. The physiologic effect of eugenol is by means of Increased Histamine Release, and Cell-mediated Immunity. Eugenol, also called clove oil, is an aromatic oil extracted from cloves that is used widely as a flavoring for foods and teas and as an herbal oil used topically to treat toothache and more rarely to be taken orally to treat gastrointestinal and respiratory complaints. Eugenol in therapeutic doses has not been implicated in causing serum enzyme elevations or clinically apparent liver injury, but ingestions of high doses, as with an overdose, can cause severe liver injury. Eugenol is a natural product found in Dahlia sherffii, Elettaria cardamomum, and other organisms with data available. Eugenol is an allyl chain-substituted guaiacol, i.e. 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)phenol. Eugenol is a member of the allylbenzene class of chemical compounds. It is a clear to pale yellow oily liquid extracted from certain essential oils especially from clove oil, nutmeg, cinnamon, and bay leaf. It is slightly soluble in water and soluble in organic solvents. It has a pleasant, spicy, clove-like odor. Eugenol is used in perfumeries, flavorings, essential oils and in medicine as a local antiseptic and anaesthetic. It was used in the production of isoeugenol for the manufacture of vanillin, though most vanillin is now produced from petrochemicals or from by-products of paper manufacture (Wikipedia). 4-Allyl-2-methoxyphenol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A cinnamate derivative of the shikimate pathway found in CLOVE OIL and other PLANTS. See also: Cinnamon (part of); Clove Oil (part of); Cinnamon Leaf Oil (part of) ... View More ... Eugenol is an allyl chain-substituted guaiacol. Eugenol is a member of the phenylpropanoids class of chemical compounds. It is a clear to pale yellow oily liquid extracted from certain essential oils especially from clove oil, nutmeg, cinnamon, and bay leaf. It is slightly soluble in water and soluble in organic solvents. It has a pleasant, spicy, clove-like aroma. Eugenol is an allyl chain-substituted guaiacol, i.e. 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)phenol. It is a clear to pale yellow oily liquid extracted from certain essential oils especially from clove oil, nutmeg, cinnamon, and bay leaf. Eugenol is used in perfumeries, flavorings, essential oils and in medicine as a local antiseptic and anaesthetic. It was used in the production of isoeugenol for the manufacture of vanillin, though most vanillin is now produced from petrochemicals or from by-products of paper manufacture (Wikipedia). Eugenol is used in perfumeries, flavorings, essential oils and in medicine as a local antiseptic and anesthetic. It is a key ingredient in Indonesian kretek (clove) cigarettes. It was used in the production of isoeugenol for the manufacture of vanillin, though most vanillin is now produced from phenol or from lignin. It is one of many compounds that is attractive to males of various species of orchid bees, who apparently gather the chemical to synthesize pheromones; it is commonly used as bait to attract and collect these bees for study. Eugenol has a very widespread occurrence in essential oils. Major component of clove oil. Also found in citrus and thyme oils. It is found in foods such as apple, apricot, banana and cherry fruits. Eugenol or 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol is classified as a phenylpropanoid, formally derived from guaiacol, with an allyl chain positioned para to the hydroxy group. It is soluble in water, alcohol, chloroform, ether and oils. Eugenol is a neutral compound. It is biosynthesized from tyrosine. Eugenol is widely distributed in plants. It is a clear to pale yellow oily liquid extracted from clove oil, nutmeg, cinnamon, basil and bay leaf. It has a pleasant, spicy, clove-like odor with a spicy pungent taste. Eugenol is found in highest concentrations in cloves, allspices, and carrots and in lower concentrations in walnuts, ceylon cinnamons, and wild carrots. Eugenol has also been detected in shea tree, passion fruits, winged beans, fireweeds, and gingers, making it a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Eugenol is used in perfumeries, flavorings and essential oils. It was first used for the manufacture of vanillin (https://doi.org/10.1021/ed054p776), though most vanillin is now produced from petrochemicals or from by-products of paper manufacture. Eugenol is hepatotoxic, meaning it may cause damage to the liver, if consumed in high doses. Eugenol has local antiseptic and anaesthetic properties (PMID:15089054 ; PMID:935250 ) and acts as positive allosteric modulators of the GABA-A receptor. It has high antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory activities with potential roles in alleviating and preventing cancer and inflammatory reactions (PMID:27771920 ). A phenylpropanoid formally derived from guaiacol with an allyl chain substituted para to the hydroxy group. It is a major component of clove essential oil, and exhibits antibacterial, analgesic and antioxidant properties. It has been widely used in dentistry to treat toothache and pulpitis. C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C245 - Anesthetic Agent D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents D012997 - Solvents [Raw Data] CB226_Eugenol_pos_10eV_CB000079.txt [Raw Data] CB226_Eugenol_pos_20eV_CB000079.txt [Raw Data] CB226_Eugenol_pos_40eV_CB000079.txt [Raw Data] CB226_Eugenol_pos_50eV_CB000079.txt [Raw Data] CB226_Eugenol_pos_30eV_CB000079.txt Eugenol is an essential oil found in cloves with antibacterial, anthelmintic and antioxidant activity. Eugenol is shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation. Eugenol is an essential oil found in cloves with antibacterial, anthelmintic and antioxidant activity. Eugenol is shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation.
Crustecdysone
20-hydroxyecdysone is an ecdysteroid that is ecdysone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 20. It has a role as a plant metabolite and an animal metabolite. It is a 20-hydroxy steroid, an ecdysteroid, a 14alpha-hydroxy steroid, a 3beta-sterol, a 2beta-hydroxy steroid, a 22-hydroxy steroid, a 25-hydroxy steroid and a phytoecdysteroid. It is functionally related to an ecdysone. 20-Hydroxyecdysone is a natural product found in Asparagus filicinus, Trichobilharzia ocellata, and other organisms with data available. A steroid hormone that regulates the processes of MOLTING or ecdysis in insects. Ecdysterone is the 20-hydroxylated ECDYSONE. Crustecdysone is found in crustaceans. Crustecdysone is isolated from the marine crayfish Jasus lalandei in low yield (2 mg/ton D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones An ecdysteroid that is ecdysone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 20. COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Crustecdysone (20-Hydroxyecdysone) is a naturally occurring ecdysteroid hormone isolated from Serratula coronata which controls the ecdysis (moulting) and metamorphosis of arthropods, it inhibits caspase activity and induces autophagy via the 20E nuclear receptor complex, EcR-USP[1]. Crustecdysone exhibits regulatory or protective roles in the cardiovascular system[2]. Crustecdysone is an active metabolite of Ecdysone (HY-N0179)[3]. Crustecdysone (20-Hydroxyecdysone) is a naturally occurring ecdysteroid hormone isolated from Serratula coronata which controls the ecdysis (moulting) and metamorphosis of arthropods, it inhibits caspase activity and induces autophagy via the 20E nuclear receptor complex, EcR-USP[1]. Crustecdysone exhibits regulatory or protective roles in the cardiovascular system[2]. Crustecdysone is an active metabolite of Ecdysone (HY-N0179)[3].
Matairesinol
Matairesinol belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dibenzylbutyrolactone lignans. These are lignan compounds containing a 3,4-dibenzyloxolan-2-one moiety. Matairesinol is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Outside of the human body, matairesinol is found, on average, in the highest concentration in a few different foods such as sesame, burdocks, and flaxseeds, and in a lower concentration in oats, asparagus, and poppies. Matairesinol has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as silver lindens, tamarinds, cherry tomato, skunk currants, and fireweeds. This could make matairesinol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Matairesinol is composed of gamma-butyrolactone in which the 3 and 4 positions are substituted by 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl groups (the 3R,4R-diastereomer). (-)-matairesinol is a lignan that is gamma-butyrolactone in which the 3 and 4 positions are substituted by 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl groups (the 3R,4R-diastereomer). It has a role as a phytoestrogen, a plant metabolite, an angiogenesis inhibitor and an anti-asthmatic agent. It is a polyphenol, a lignan and a gamma-lactone. Matairesinol is a natural product found in Crossosoma bigelovii, Brassica oleracea var. sabauda, and other organisms with data available. See also: Arctium lappa fruit (part of); Pumpkin Seed (part of). Matairesinol is a plant lignan. It occurs with secoisolariciresinol in numerous foods such as oil seeds, whole grains, vegetables, and fruits. (-)-Matairesinol is found in many foods, some of which are caraway, pecan nut, cereals and cereal products, and longan. A lignan that is gamma-butyrolactone in which the 3 and 4 positions are substituted by 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl groups (the 3R,4R-diastereomer). Matairesinol confers anti-allergic effects in an allergic dermatitis mouse model. DfE-induced changes in IL-4 and IFN-γ mRNA expression in the ears of NC/Nga mice were reversed by matairesinol application[1]. Matairesinol confers anti-allergic effects in an allergic dermatitis mouse model. DfE-induced changes in IL-4 and IFN-γ mRNA expression in the ears of NC/Nga mice were reversed by matairesinol application[1].
Honokiol
D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014151 - Anti-Anxiety Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents D018926 - Anti-Allergic Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors Honokiol is a bioactive, biphenolic phytochemical that possesses potent antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic, and anticancer activities by targeting a variety of signaling molecules. It inhibits the activation of Akt. Honokiol can readily cross the blood brain barrier[1][2][3][4]. Honokiol is a bioactive, biphenolic phytochemical that possesses potent antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic, and anticancer activities by targeting a variety of signaling molecules. It inhibits the activation of Akt. Honokiol can readily cross the blood brain barrier[1][2][3][4]. Honokiol is a bioactive, biphenolic phytochemical that possesses potent antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic, and anticancer activities by targeting a variety of signaling molecules. It inhibits the activation of Akt. Honokiol can readily cross the blood brain barrier[1][2][3][4].
(S)-3-Octanol
Present in Mentha subspecies oils, sage, soybeans, porcini (Boletus edulis), wines and other foodstuffs. Flavouring agent. 3-Octanol is found in many foods, some of which are mushrooms, soy bean, rosemary, and alcoholic beverages. 3-Octanol is found in alcoholic beverages. 3-Octanol is present in Mentha species oils, sage, soybeans, porcini (Boletus edulis), wines and other foodstuffs. 3-Octanol is a flavouring agent
Octanol
1-Octanol, also known as octan-1-ol, is the organic compound with the molecular formula CH3(CH2)7OH. It is a fatty alcohol. Many other isomers are also known generically as octanols. Octanol is mainly produced industrially by the oligomerization of ethylene using triethylaluminium followed by oxidation of the alkylaluminium products. This route is known as the Ziegler alcohol synthesis. Octanol also occurs naturally in the form of esters in some essential oils. Octanol and water are immiscible. The distribution of a compound between water and octanol is used to calculate the partition coefficient (logP) of that molecule. Water/octanol partitioning is a good approximation of the partitioning between the cytosol and lipid membranes of living systems. Octanol is a colorless, slightly viscous liquid used as a defoaming or wetting agent. It is also used as a solvent for protective coatings, waxes, and oils, and as a raw material for plasticizers. It is also one of many compounds derived from tobacco and tobacco smoke and shown to increase the permeability of the membranes of human lung fibroblasts (PMID 7466833). Occurs in the form of esters in some essential oils. Flavouring agent. 1-Octanol is found in many foods, some of which are common wheat, lime, tea, and corn. D012997 - Solvents 1-Octanol (Octanol), a saturated fatty alcohol, is a T-type calcium channels (T-channels) inhibitor with an IC50 of 4 μM for native T-currents[1]. 1-Octanol is a highly attractive biofuel with diesel-like properties[2]. 1-Octanol (Octanol), a saturated fatty alcohol, is a T-type calcium channels (T-channels) inhibitor with an IC50 of 4 μM for native T-currents[1]. 1-Octanol is a highly attractive biofuel with diesel-like properties[2].
Amentoflavone
Amentoflavone is a biflavonoid that is obtained by oxidative coupling of two molecules of apigenin resulting in a bond between positions C-3 of the hydroxyphenyl ring and C-8 of the chromene ring. A natural product found particularly in Ginkgo biloba and Hypericum perforatum. It has a role as a cathepsin B inhibitor, an antiviral agent, an angiogenesis inhibitor, a P450 inhibitor and a plant metabolite. It is a biflavonoid, a hydroxyflavone and a ring assembly. Amentoflavone is a natural product found in Podocarpus elongatus, Austrocedrus chilensis, and other organisms with data available. A biflavonoid that is obtained by oxidative coupling of two molecules of apigenin resulting in a bond between positions C-3 of the hydroxyphenyl ring and C-8 of the chromene ring. A natural product found particularly in Ginkgo biloba and Hypericum perforatum. D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065607 - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors > D065688 - Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065607 - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors > D065692 - Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors Amentoflavone is found in fruits. Amentoflavone is obtained from Viburnum prunifolium (black haw Amentoflavone (Didemethyl-ginkgetin) is a potent and orally active GABA(A) negative modulator. Amentoflavone also shows anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-viral, anti-tumor, anti-radiation, anti-fungal, antibacterial activity. Amentoflavone induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at sub-G1 phase[1][2][3][4]. Amentoflavone (Didemethyl-ginkgetin) is a potent and orally active GABA(A) negative modulator. Amentoflavone also shows anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-viral, anti-tumor, anti-radiation, anti-fungal, antibacterial activity. Amentoflavone induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at sub-G1 phase[1][2][3][4]. Amentoflavone (Didemethyl-ginkgetin) is a potent and orally active GABA(A) negative modulator. Amentoflavone also shows anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-viral, anti-tumor, anti-radiation, anti-fungal, antibacterial activity. Amentoflavone induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at sub-G1 phase[1][2][3][4].
Pimaric acid
relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.561 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.568 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.560
Baccatin III
C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C273 - Antimitotic Agent relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.041 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.042 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.019 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.027 Baccatin III is a natural product isolated from Pacific yew tree and related species. Baccatin III reduces tumor progression by inhibiting the accumulation and suppressive function of MDSCs[1]. Baccatin III is a natural product isolated from Pacific yew tree and related species. Baccatin III reduces tumor progression by inhibiting the accumulation and suppressive function of MDSCs[1].
(+)-lariciresinol
(+)-Lariciresinol belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 7,9-epoxylignans. These are lignans that contain the 7,9-epoxylignan skeleton, which consists of a tetrahydrofuran that carries a phenyl group, a methyl group, and a benzyl group at positons 2, 3 and 4, respectively. (+)-Lariciresinol has been detected in several different foods, such as parsnips, white mustards, narrowleaf cattails, turnips, and common sages. This could make (+)-Lariciresinol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Lariciresinol is also found in sesame seeds, Brassica vegetables, in the bark and wood of white fir (Abies alba). (+)-lariciresinol is a member of the class of compounds known as 7,9-epoxylignans. 7,9-epoxylignans are lignans that contain the 7,9-epoxylignan skeleton, which consists of a tetrahydrofuran that carries a phenyl group, a methyl group, and a benzyl group at the 2-, 3-, 4-position, respectively (+)-lariciresinol is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). (+)-lariciresinol can be found in a number of food items such as pili nut, lemon balm, root vegetables, and parsley, which makes (+)-lariciresinol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
