Gene Association: LORICRIN
UniProt Search:
LORICRIN (PROTEIN_CODING)
Function Description: loricrin cornified envelope precursor protein
found 45 associated metabolites with current gene based on the text mining result from the pubmed database.
Nicotine
Nicotine is an alkaloid found in the nightshade family of plants (Solanaceae), predominantly in tobacco and in lower quantities in tomato, potato, eggplant (aubergine), and green pepper. Nicotine alkaloids are also found in the leaves of the coca plant. Nicotine constitutes 0.3 to 5\\\% of the tobacco plant by dry weight, with biosynthesis taking place in the root and accumulation in the leaves. It is a potent neurotoxin with particular specificity to insects; therefore nicotine was widely used as an insecticide in the past and nicotine derivatives such as imidacloprid continue to be widely used. It has been noted that the majority of people diagnosed with schizophrenia smoke tobacco. Estimates for the number of schizophrenics that smoke range from 75\\\% to 90\\\%. It was recently argued that the increased level of smoking in schizophrenia may be due to a desire to self-medicate with nicotine. More recent research has found the reverse: it is a risk factor without long-term benefit, used only for its short-term effects. However, research on nicotine as administered through a patch or gum is ongoing. As nicotine enters the body, it is distributed quickly through the bloodstream and can cross the blood-brain barrier. On average, it takes about seven seconds for the substance to reach the brain. The half-life of nicotine in the body is around 2 hours. The amount of nicotine inhaled with tobacco smoke is a fraction of the amount contained in the tobacco leaves (most of the substance is destroyed by the heat). The amount of nicotine absorbed by the body from smoking depends on many factors, including the type of tobacco, whether the smoke is inhaled, and whether a filter is used. For chewing tobacco, often called dip, snuff, or sinus, which is held in the mouth between the lip and gum, the amount released into the body tends to be much greater than smoked tobacco. The currently available literature indicates that nicotine, on its own, does not promote the development of cancer in healthy tissue and has no mutagenic properties. Its teratogenic properties have not yet been adequately researched, and while the likelihood of birth defects caused by nicotine is believed to be very small or nonexistent, nicotine replacement product manufacturers recommend consultation with a physician before using a nicotine patch or nicotine gum while pregnant or nursing. However, nicotine and the increased acetylcholinic activity it causes have been shown to impede apoptosis, which is one of the methods by which the body destroys unwanted cells (programmed cell death). Since apoptosis helps to remove mutated or damaged cells that may eventually become cancerous, the inhibitory actions of nicotine create a more favourable environment for cancer to develop. Thus, nicotine plays an indirect role in carcinogenesis. It is also important to note that its addictive properties are often the primary motivating factor for tobacco smoking, contributing to the proliferation of cancer. Nicotine is a highly toxic alkaloid. It is the prototypical agonist at nicotinic cholinergic receptors where it dramatically stimulates neurons and ultimately blocks synaptic transmission. Nicotine is also important medically because of its presence in tobacco smoke. Nicotine is a hygroscopic, oily liquid that is miscible with water in its base form. As a nitrogenous base, nicotine forms salts with acids that are usually solid and water soluble. Nicotine easily penetrates the skin. As shown by the physical data, free base nicotine will burn at a temperature below its boiling point, and its vapours will combust at 95 °C in the air despite a low vapour pressure. Because of this, most nicotine is burned when a cigarette is smoked; however, enough is inhaled to provide the desired effects. Nicotine is a stimulant drug that acts as an agonist at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. These are ionotropic receptors composed of five homomeric or heteromeric subunits. In the brain, nicotine binds to nic... Nicotine appears as a colorless to light yellow or brown liquid. Combustible. Toxic by inhalation and by skin absorption. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion. (S)-nicotine is a 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum. It has a role as a phytogenic insecticide, a teratogenic agent, a neurotoxin, an anxiolytic drug, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, a biomarker, an immunomodulator, a mitogen, a peripheral nervous system drug, a psychotropic drug, a plant metabolite and a xenobiotic. It is a conjugate base of a (S)-nicotinium(1+). It is an enantiomer of a (R)-nicotine. Nicotine is highly toxic alkaloid. It is the prototypical agonist at nicotinic cholinergic receptors where it dramatically stimulates neurons and ultimately blocks synaptic transmission. Nicotine is also important medically because of its presence in tobacco smoke. Nicotine is a Cholinergic Nicotinic Agonist. Nicotine is a natural alkyloid that is a major component of cigarettes and is used therapeutically to help with smoking cessation. Nicotine has not been associated with liver test abnormalities or with clinically apparent hepatotoxicity. Nicotine is a natural product found in Cyphanthera tasmanica, Nicotiana cavicola, and other organisms with data available. Nicotine is a plant alkaloid, found in the tobacco plant, and addictive central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that causes either ganglionic stimulation in low doses or ganglionic blockage in high doses. Nicotine acts as an agonist at the nicotinic cholinergic receptors in the autonomic ganglia, at neuromuscular junctions, and in the adrenal medulla and the brain. Nicotines CNS-stimulating activities may be mediated through the release of several neurotransmitters, including acetylcholine, beta-endorphin, dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and ACTH. As a result, peripheral vasoconstriction, tachycardia, and elevated blood pressure may be observed with nicotine intake. This agent may also stimulate the chemoreceptor trigger zone, thereby inducing nausea and vomiting. Nicotine is highly toxic alkaloid. It is the prototypical agonist at nicotinic cholinergic receptors where it dramatically stimulates neurons and ultimately blocks synaptic transmission. Nicotine is also important medically because of its presence in tobacco smoke. See also: Tobacco Leaf (part of); Nicotine Polacrilex (related); Menthol; nicotine (component of) ... View More ... Alkaloid from Nicotiana tabacum and other Nicotiana subspecies, Asclepias syriaca, Lycopodium subspecies, and other subspecies (Solanaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Crassulaceae). Rare spread of occurrence between angiosperms and cryptogametes (CCD) A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.
Senkyunolide
Senkyunolide is a member of 2-benzofurans. Senkyunolide A is a natural product found in Ligusticum striatum, Angelica sinensis, and other organisms with data available. See also: Celery (part of); Scutellaria baicalensis Root (part of); Angelica acutiloba Root (part of) ... View More ... Senkyunolide A, isolated from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, has cytoprotective and antiproliferative activities. Anti-tumor activity[1][2]. Senkyunolide A, isolated from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, has cytoprotective and antiproliferative activities. Anti-tumor activity[1][2].
Cysteinylglycine
Cysteinylglycine is a naturally occurring dipeptide. It is derived from the breakdown of glutathione (a tripeptide). In plasma, cysteinylglycine is in a reduced, oxidized and protein-bound form (aminothiol) and interact via redox and disulphide exchange reactions, in a dynamic system referred to as redox thiol status. (PMID 8642471) Spermatozoa of sub fertile men contain significantly higher thiol concentrations as compared with those of fertile men. The detrimental effect on embryo quality of a high homocysteine (Hcy, another member of the thiol group) concentration in the ejaculate and in follicular fluid is intriguing and may suggest that Hcy is inversely associated with fertility outcome. (PMID 16556671) Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease which involves the synovial membrane of multiple diarthroidal joints causing damage to cartilage and bones. The damage process seems to be related to an overproduction of oxygen reactive species inducing an oxidative perturbation with an increase in some oxidized forms (disulfides and protein mixed disulfides) and a decrease in free thiols. (PMID 15895891) Imipenem (thienamycin formamidine), is a broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic, always used in combination with cilastatin in order to avoid the premature breakdown of imipenem by renal tubular dipeptidase. As this dipeptidase also hydrolyzes the glutathione metabolite cysteinylglycine, the therapeutic association of imipenem and cilastatin causes plasma levels of cysteinylglycine to increase significantly, while cysteine levels are decreased and homocysteine levels are unaffected. Therefore, antibiotic treatment using imipenem-cilastatin induces important metabolic changes that should not remain unrecognized. (PMID 15843241) [HMDB]. Cysteinylglycine is found in many foods, some of which are chinese cabbage, wax apple, garden tomato (variety), and japanese pumpkin. Cysteinylglycine is a naturally occurring dipeptide composed of cysteine and glycine. It is derived from the breakdown of glutathione (a tripeptide). In plasma, cysteinylglycine is in a reduced, oxidized, and protein-bound form (aminothiol) and interacts via redox and disulphide exchange reactions in a dynamic system referred to as redox thiol status (PMID: 8642471). Spermatozoa of sub-fertile men contain significantly higher thiol concentrations as compared with those of fertile men. The detrimental effect on embryo quality of a high homocysteine (Hcy) concentration in the ejaculate and in the follicular fluid is intriguing and may suggest that Hcy is inversely associated with fertility outcome (PMID: 16556671). Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease which involves the synovial membrane of multiple diarthroidal joints causing damage to cartilage and bones. The damage process seems to be related to an overproduction of oxygen reactive species inducing an oxidative perturbation with an increase in some oxidized forms (disulfides and protein mixed disulfides) and a decrease in free thiols (PMID: 15895891). Imipenem (thienamycin formamidine) is a broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic, always used in combination with cilastatin in order to avoid the premature breakdown of imipenem by renal tubular dipeptidase. As this dipeptidase also hydrolyzes the glutathione metabolite cysteinylglycine, the therapeutic association of imipenem and cilastatin causes plasma levels of cysteinylglycine to increase significantly, while cysteine levels are decreased and homocysteine levels are unaffected. Therefore, antibiotic treatment using imipenem-cilastatin induces important metabolic changes that should not remain unrecognized (PMID: 15843241). L-Cysteinylglycine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=19246-18-5 (retrieved 2024-07-02) (CAS RN: 19246-18-5). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Sphinganine
Sphinganine, also known as c18-dihydrosphingosine or safingol, is a member of the class of compounds known as 1,2-aminoalcohols. 1,2-aminoalcohols are organic compounds containing an alkyl chain with an amine group bound to the C1 atom and an alcohol group bound to the C2 atom. Thus, sphinganine is considered to be a sphingoid base lipid molecule. Sphinganine is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Sphinganine can be found in a number of food items such as agar, biscuit, herbs and spices, and pasta, which makes sphinganine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Sphinganine can be found primarily in blood, feces, and urine, as well as throughout most human tissues. Sphinganine exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. In humans, sphinganine is involved in few metabolic pathways, which include globoid cell leukodystrophy, metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD), and sphingolipid metabolism. Sphinganine is also involved in few metabolic disorders, which include fabry disease, gaucher disease, and krabbe disease. Moreover, sphinganine is found to be associated with pregnancy. Sphinganine is a lyso-sphingolipid protein kinase inhibitor. It has the molecular formula C18H39NO2 and is a colorless solid. Medicinally, safingol has demonstrated promising anticancer potential as a modulator of multi-drug resistance and as an inducer of necrosis. The administration of safingol alone has not been shown to exert a significant effect on tumor cell growth. However, preclinical and clinical studies have shown that combining safingol with conventional chemotherapy agents such as fenretinide, vinblastine, irinotecan and mitomycin C can dramatically potentiate their antitumor effects. Currently in Phase I clinical trials, it is believed to be safe to co-administer with cisplatin . Sphinganine belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 1,2-aminoalcohols. These are organic compounds containing an alkyl chain with an amine group bound to the C1 atom and an alcohol group bound to the C2 atom. Thus, sphinganine is considered to be a sphingoid base lipid molecule. Sphinganine is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Sphinganine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Within humans, sphinganine participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, sphinganine can be converted into 3-dehydrosphinganine through its interaction with the enzyme 3-ketodihydrosphingosine reductase. In addition, sphinganine can be converted into sphinganine 1-phosphate; which is catalyzed by the enzyme sphingosine kinase 2. Outside of the human body, sphinganine has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as Mexican oregano, jostaberries, winter squash, angelica, and epazotes. This could make sphinganine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Sphinganine blocks postlysosomal cholesterol transport by inhibiting low-density lipoprotein-induced esterification of cholesterol and causing unesterified cholesterol to accumulate in perinuclear vesicles. It has been suggested that endogenous sphinganine may inhibit cholesterol transport in Niemann-Pick Type C (NPC) disease (PMID: 1817037). D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors KEIO_ID D078 D-Erythro-dihydrosphingosin directly inhibits cytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α) activity. D-Erythro-dihydrosphingosin directly inhibits cytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α) activity.
Panthenol
In cosmetics, panthenol (also called pantothenol) is a humectant, emollient, and moisturizer. It binds to hair follicles readily and is a frequent component of shampoos and hair conditioners (in concentrations of 0.1-1\\\%). It coats the hair and seals its surface, lubricating follicles and making strands appear shiny. Panthenol (specifically D-panthenol or dexpanthenol) is the alcohol analog of pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), and is thus the provitamin of B5. In organisms, it is quickly oxidized into pantothenate. Panthenol is a viscous transparent liquid at room temperature, but salts of pantothenic acid (for example sodium pantothenate) are powders (typically white). It is very soluble in water, alcohol, and propylene glycol, soluble in ether and chloroform, and only slightly soluble in glycerin. D - Dermatologicals > D03 - Preparations for treatment of wounds and ulcers > D03A - Cicatrizants A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A11 - Vitamins S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals Dietary supplement D-Panthenol is the biologically-active alcohol of pantothenic acid, which leads to an elevation in the amount of coenzyme A in the cell.
Urocanic acid
Urocanic acid (CAS: 104-98-3) is a breakdown (deamination) product of histidine. In the liver, urocanic acid is an intermediate in the conversion of histidine to glutamic acid, whereas, in the epidermis, it accumulates and may be both a UV protectant and an immunoregulator. Urocanic acid (UA) exists as a trans isomer (t-UA, approximately 30 mg/cm2) in the uppermost layer of the skin (stratum corneum). t-UA is formed as the cells of the second layer of the skin become metabolically inactive. During this process, proteins and membranes degrade, histidine is released, and histidase (histidine ammonia lyase) catalyzes the deamination of histidine to form t-UA. t-UA accumulates in the epidermis until removal by either the monthly skin renewal cycle or sweat. Upon absorption of UV light, the naturally occurring t-UA isomerizes to its cis form, c-UA. Because DNA lesions (e.g., pyrimidine dimers) in the lower epidermis can result from UV-B absorption, initial research proposed that t-UA acted as a natural sunscreen absorbing UV-B in the stratum corneum before the damaging rays could penetrate into lower epidermal zones. Researchers have found that c-UA also suppresses contact hypersensitivity and delayed hypersensitivity, reduces the Langerhans cell count in the epidermis, prolongs skin-graft survival time, and affects natural killer cell activity. (E)-Urocanic acid is found in mushrooms. It has been isolated from Coprinus atramentarius (common ink cap) and Phallus impudicus (common stinkhorn). Trans-urocanic acid, also known as 4-imidazoleacrylic acid or urocanate, belongs to imidazolyl carboxylic acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are organic compounds containing a carboxylic acid chain (of at least 2 carbon atoms) linked to an imidazole ring. Trans-urocanic acid is soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Trans-urocanic acid can be found in mung bean, which makes trans-urocanic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Trans-urocanic acid can be found primarily in most biofluids, including sweat, feces, blood, and urine, as well as in human liver and skin tissues. Trans-urocanic acid exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, trans-urocanic acid is involved in the histidine metabolism. Trans-urocanic acid is also involved in a couple of metabolic disorders, which include ammonia recycling and histidinemia. Urocanic acid, produced in the upper layers of mammalian skin, is a major absorber of ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Urocanic acid, produced in the upper layers of mammalian skin, is a major absorber of ultraviolet radiation (UVR).
8-HETE
8(S)-HETE is a naturally occurring hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid eicosanoid. 8(S)-HETE is a strong activator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) alpha and a weak activator of PPAR gamma. PPARs are nuclear hormone receptors that regulate gene transcription in response to peroxisome proliferators and fatty acids. PPARs also play an important role in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation. It is unclear however what naturally occurring compounds activate each of the PPAR subtypes. Additionally, 8(S)-HETE is able to induce differentiation of preadipocytes. (PMID: 7592593, 9113987) [HMDB] 8(S)-HETE is a naturally occurring hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid eicosanoid. 8(S)-HETE is a strong activator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) alpha and a weak activator of PPAR gamma. PPARs are nuclear hormone receptors that regulate gene transcription in response to peroxisome proliferators and fatty acids. PPARs also play an important role in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation. It is unclear however what naturally occurring compounds activate each of the PPAR subtypes. Additionally, 8(S)-HETE is able to induce differentiation of preadipocytes. (PMID: 7592593, 9113987).
Trimeprazine
Trimeprazine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a phenothiazine derivative that is used as an antipruritic. [PubChem]Trimeprazine competes with free histamine for binding at HA-receptor sites. This antagonizes the effects of histamine on HA-receptors, leading to a reduction of the negative symptoms brought on by histamine HA-receptor binding. R - Respiratory system > R06 - Antihistamines for systemic use > R06A - Antihistamines for systemic use > R06AD - Phenothiazine derivatives C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C29578 - Histamine-1 Receptor Antagonist C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic D003879 - Dermatologic Agents > D000982 - Antipruritics
Clofibrate
Clofibrate is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a fibric acid derivative used in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinemia type III and severe hypertriglyceridemia (from Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p986). Clofibrate increases the activity of extrahepatic lipoprotein lipase (LL), thereby increasing lipoprotein triglyceride lipolysis. Chylomicrons are degraded, VLDLs are converted to LDLs, and LDLs are converted to HDL. This is accompanied by a slight increase in secretion of lipids into the bile and ultimately the intestine. Clofibrate also inhibits the synthesis and increases the clearance of apolipoprotein B, a carrier molecule for VLDL. Also, as a fibrate, clofibrate is an agonist of the PPAR-α receptor[4] in muscle, liver, and other tissues. This agonism ultimately leads to modification in gene expression resulting in increased beta-oxidation, decreased triglyceride secretion, increased HDL, increased lipoprotein lipase activity. C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29703 - Antilipidemic Agent > C98150 - Fibrate Antilipidemic Agent C - Cardiovascular system > C10 - Lipid modifying agents > C10A - Lipid modifying agents, plain > C10AB - Fibrates D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents > D000924 - Anticholesteremic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites Clofibrate is an agonist of PPAR, with EC50s of 50 μM, ～500 μM for murine PPARα and PPARγ, and 55 μM, ～500 μM for human PPARα and PPARγ, respectively.
Epibatidine
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018679 - Cholinergic Agonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics
4-Hydroxysphinganine
Phytosphingosine is a phospholipid. Phospholipids are a class of lipids and a major component of all biological membranes; sphingolipid metabolites, such as sphingosine and ceramide, are highly bioactive compounds and are involved in diverse cell processes, including cell-cell interaction, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Phytosphingosine is also one of the most widely distributed natural sphingoid bases, which is abundant in fungi and plants, and also found in animals including humans. Phytosphingosine is structurally similar to sphingosine; phytosphingosine possesses a hydroxyl group at C-4 of the sphingoid long-chain base. The physiological roles of phytosphingosine are largely unknown. Phytosphingosine induces apoptosis in human T-cell lymphoma and non-small cell lung cancer cells, and induces caspase-independent cytochrome c release from mitochondria. In the presence of caspase inhibitors, phytosphingosine-induced apoptosis is almost completely suppressed, suggesting that phytosphingosine-induced apoptosis is largely dependent on caspase activities. (PMID: 12576463, 12531554, 8046331, 8048941,8706124) [HMDB] Phytosphingosine is a phospholipid. Phospholipids are a class of lipids and a major component of all biological membranes; sphingolipid metabolites, such as sphingosine and ceramide, are highly bioactive compounds and are involved in diverse cell processes, including cell-cell interaction, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Phytosphingosine is also one of the most widely distributed natural sphingoid bases, which is abundant in fungi and plants, and also found in animals including humans. Phytosphingosine is structurally similar to sphingosine; phytosphingosine possesses a hydroxyl group at C-4 of the sphingoid long-chain base. The physiological roles of phytosphingosine are largely unknown. Phytosphingosine induces apoptosis in human T-cell lymphoma and non-small cell lung cancer cells, and induces caspase-independent cytochrome c release from mitochondria. In the presence of caspase inhibitors, phytosphingosine-induced apoptosis is almost completely suppressed, suggesting that phytosphingosine-induced apoptosis is largely dependent on caspase activities. (PMID: 12576463, 12531554, 8046331, 8048941,8706124). Phytosphingosine is a?phospholipid and has anti-cancer activities. Phytosphingosine induces cell apoptosis via caspase 8 activation and Bax translocation in cancer cells[1].
Stachydrine
Proline betaine is an osmoprotective compound found in urine. It is thought to serve an osmoprotective role for the kidney. Proline betaine is a glycine betaine analogue found in many citrus foods. Elevated levels of proline betaine in human urine are found after the consumption of citrus fruits and juices (PMID: 18060588). Proline betaine is a biomarker for the consumption of citrus fruits. Alkaloid from Citrus spp Medicago sativa and Stachys subspecies(alfalfa). L-Stachydrine or also called proline betaine is a biomarker for the consumption of citrus fruits. L-Stachydrine is found in many foods, some of which are capers, pulses, lemon, and alfalfa. Proline betaine, also known as stachydrine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as proline and derivatives. Proline and derivatives are compounds containing proline or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of proline at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. Proline betaine exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. Proline betaine is found, on average, in the highest concentration within capers (Capparis spinosa). Proline betaine has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as soy beans (Glycine max), crosnes (Stachys affinis), domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domestica), limes (Citrus aurantiifolia), and triticales (X Triticosecale rimpaui). This could make proline betaine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Proline betaine is a secondary metabolite. Secondary metabolites are metabolically or physiologically non-essential metabolites that may serve a role as defense or signalling molecules. In some cases they are simply molecules that arise from the incomplete metabolism of other secondary metabolites. Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on Proline betaine. Stachydrine is a major constituent of Chinese herb leonurus heterophyllus sweet used to promote blood circulation and dispel blood stasis. Stachydrine can inhibit the NF-κB signal pathway. Stachydrine is a major constituent of Chinese herb leonurus heterophyllus sweet used to promote blood circulation and dispel blood stasis. Stachydrine can inhibit the NF-κB signal pathway.
Delphinidin
Delphinidin, also known as delphinidin chloride (CAS: 528-53-0), belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 7-hydroxyflavonoids. These are flavonoids that bear one hydroxyl group at the C-7 position of the flavonoid skeleton. Thus, delphinidin is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. Delphinidin is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as bilberries, cowpea, and blackcurrants, and in a lower concentration in common beans, common pea, and wheats. Delphinidin has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as Brussel sprouts, fruits, horseradish tree, pepper (C. pubescens), and macadamia nuts. This could make delphinidin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Delphinidin is an anthocyanin and a primary plant pigment. Delphinidin gives blue hues to flowers like violas and delphiniums. It also gives the blue-red colour of the grape that produces Cabernet Sauvignon, and can be found in cranberries (Wikipedia). BioTransformer predicts that delphinidin is a product of 5,7-dihydroxy-3-{oxy}-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-1λ⁴-chromen-1-ylium metabolism via a glycoside-hydrolysis reaction occurring in human gut microbiota and catalyzed by an EC.3.2.1.X enzyme (PMID: 30612223). Widespread anthocyanidin found especies in blueberries, raspberries and red table wine. Glycosides also widespread. Delphinidin is found in many foods, some of which are macadamia nut (m. tetraphylla), oval-leaf huckleberry, napa cabbage, and sunburst squash (pattypan squash). 3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-benzopyrylium. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=13270-61-6 (retrieved 2024-09-18) (CAS RN: 13270-61-6). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
Dinitrochlorobenzene, also known as 4-chloro-1,3-dinitrobenzene or cdnb, is a member of the class of compounds known as nitrobenzenes. Nitrobenzenes are compounds containing a nitrobenzene moiety, which consists of a benzene ring with a carbon bearing a nitro group. Dinitrochlorobenzene is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Dinitrochlorobenzene can be found in a number of food items such as black radish, american butterfish, hedge mustard, and other cereal product, which makes dinitrochlorobenzene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Dinitrochlorobenzene is produced commercially by the nitration of p-nitrochlorobenzene with a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids. Other methods afford the compound less efficiently include the chlorination of dinitrobenzene, nitration of o-nitrochlorobenzene and the dinitration of chlorobenzene . D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C2139 - Immunostimulant CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 41 D009676 - Noxae > D007509 - Irritants
dUDP
dUDP is a derivative of nucleic acid UTP, in which the -OH (hydroxyl) group on the 2 carbon on the nucleotides pentose has been removed (hence the deoxy- part of the name). Additionally, the diphosphate of the name indicates that one of the phosphoryl groups of UTP has been removed, most likely by hydrolysis . [HMDB]. dUDP is found in many foods, some of which are yardlong bean, jackfruit, parsley, and red beetroot. dUDP is a derivative of nucleic acid UTP, in which the -OH (hydroxyl) group on the 2 carbon on the nucleotides pentose has been removed (hence the deoxy- part of the name). Additionally, the diphosphate of the name indicates that one of the phosphoryl groups of UTP has been removed, most likely by hydrolysis (Wikipedia).
5,6-Dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid
5,6-Dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid is an intermediate in the metabolism of Tyrosine. It is a substrate for Dopachrome tautomerase. [HMDB] 5,6-Dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid is an intermediate in the metabolism of Tyrosine. It is a substrate for Dopachrome tautomerase.
Bryostatins
Bryostatin 1 is a macrocyclic lactone isolated from the bryozoan Bugula neritina with antineoplastic activity. Bryostatin 1 binds to and inhibits the cell-signaling enzyme protein kinase C, resulting in the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, the promotion of tumor cell differentiation, and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. This agent may act synergistically with other chemotherapeutic agents. (NCI04) Bryostatin 1. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=83314-01-6 (retrieved 2024-12-16) (CAS RN: 83314-01-6). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
22b-Hydroxycholesterol
22beta-Hydroxycholesterol is a substrate for DCC-interacting protein 13 beta. [HMDB] 22beta-Hydroxycholesterol is a substrate for DCC-interacting protein 13 beta.
Gartanin
Gartanin is a member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthen-9-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, 5 and 8 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 4. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and a plant metabolite. It is a member of xanthones and a polyphenol. Gartanin is a natural product found in Morus insignis, Pentadesma butyracea, and other organisms with data available. A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthen-9-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, 5 and 8 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 4. Constituent of the fruits of Garcinia mangostana (mangosteen). Gartanin is found in fruits and purple mangosteen. Gartanin is found in fruits. Gartanin is a constituent of the fruits of Garcinia mangostana (mangosteen) Gartanin is a natural xanthone of mangosteen, with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, neuroprotective and antineoplastic properties. Gartanin induces cell cycle arrest and autophagy and suppresses migration in human glioma cells[1][2]. Gartanin is a natural xanthone of mangosteen, with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, neuroprotective and antineoplastic properties. Gartanin induces cell cycle arrest and autophagy and suppresses migration in human glioma cells[1][2].
Cholesterol sulfate
Cholesterol sulfate, or cholest-5-en-3beta-ol sulfate, is an endogenous steroid and the C3beta sulfate ester of cholesterol. It is formed from cholesterol by steroid sulfotransferases (SSTs) such as SULT2B1b (also known as cholesterol sulfotransferase) and is converted back into cholesterol by steroid sulfatase (STS). Accumulation of cholesterol sulfate in the skin is implicated in the pathophysiology of X-linked ichthyosis, a congenital disorder in which STS is non-functional and the body cannot convert cholesterol sulfate back into cholesterol. Cholesterol sulfate is quantitatively the most important known sterol sulfate in human plasma, where it is present in a concentration that overlaps that of the other abundant circulating steroid sulfate, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) sulfate (PMID 12730293). Cholesterol sulfate has a stabilizing function on the membrane, supports platelet adhesion and is involved in signal transduction (PMID 12730293). It plays a role in protecting erythrocytes from osmotic lysis and regulating sperm capacitation. Cholesterol sulfate can regulate the activity of serine proteases, e.g., those involved in blood clotting, fibrinolysis, and epidermal cell adhesion (PMID 12730293). As a result of its ability to regulate the activity of selective protein kinase C isoforms and modulate the specificity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, cholesterol sulfate is involved in signal transduction (PMID 12730293). Cholesterol sulfate functions in keratinocyte differentiation, inducing genes that encode for key components involved in development of the barrier (PMID 12730293). Cholesterol sulfate is a sterol sulfate in human plasma. It is a component of cell membrane and has a regulatory function. It has a stabilizing function on the membrane, supports platelet adhesion and involves in signal transduction. (PMID 12730293) [HMDB] D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011480 - Protease Inhibitors > D015842 - Serine Proteinase Inhibitors D020011 - Protective Agents > D016588 - Anticarcinogenic Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents
(+)-Nicotine
Chemical Structure of (+)-Nicotine: (+)-Nicotine, also known as d-nicotine, has a complex chemical structure that consists of a pyridine ring with a methyl group at position 3 and a pyrrolidine ring at position 2. The molecular formula of nicotine is C10H14N2. The presence of a nitrogen-containing pyridine ring and a pyrrolidine ring makes nicotine a type of alkaloid. The (+) sign indicates that this is the dextrorotatory isomer, meaning it rotates plane-polarized light to the right. The chemical structure can be described as follows: A six-membered pyridine ring, which is a nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle. A methyl group (-CH3) attached to the pyridine ring at the 3-position. A five-membered pyrrolidine ring, which is a saturated nitrogen-containing heterocycle, fused to the pyridine ring at the 2-position. The pyrrolidine ring contains a secondary amine group (-NH-), which is part of the ring structure. Biological Functions of (+)-Nicotine: Neurotransmitter Mimic: (+)-Nicotine acts as an agonist at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), which are ligand-gated ion channels found in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. By binding to these receptors, nicotine mimics the action of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, leading to the release of various neurotransmitters and hormones. Central Nervous System Stimulation: When (+)-nicotine binds to nAChRs in the brain, it can increase the release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with reward and pleasure. This effect contributes to the addictive properties of nicotine. Cardiovascular Effects: (+)-Nicotine can have various effects on the cardiovascular system, including increasing heart rate and blood pressure due to the stimulation of nAChRs on adrenergic neurons, which leads to the release of catecholamines (e.g., adrenaline). Metabolic Effects: Nicotine can increase metabolic rate and decrease appetite, which can lead to weight loss in some individuals. Insecticide: (+)-Nicotine has insecticidal properties and has been used historically as a pesticide. It acts by binding to nAChRs in insects, causing paralysis and death. Therapeutic Uses: (+)-Nicotine is used in nicotine replacement therapies (NRT), such as patches, gum, lozenges, and inhalers, to help smokers reduce withdrawal symptoms and quit smoking. It is also being investigated for its potential therapeutic effects in neurological disorders like Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Toxicity: At high doses, (+)-nicotine can be toxic, leading to nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and in severe cases, respiratory failure and death due to its paralytic effects on the respiratory center. (+)-Nicotine, also known as nikotin or L-nicotine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrrolidinylpyridines. Pyrrolidinylpyridines are compounds containing a pyrrolidinylpyridine ring system, which consists of a pyrrolidine ring linked to a pyridine ring (+)-Nicotine is a primary metabolite. Primary metabolites are metabolically or physiologically essential metabolites. They are directly involved in an organism’s growth, development or reproduction. Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on (+)-Nicotine. This compound has been identified in human blood as reported by (PMID: 31557052 ). (+)-nicotine is not a naturally occurring metabolite and is only found in those individuals exposed to this compound or its derivatives. Technically (+)-Nicotine is part of the human exposome. The exposome can be defined as the collection of all the exposures of an individual in a lifetime and how those exposures relate to health. An individual's exposure begins before birth and includes insults from environmental and occupational sources.
(+)-Epibatidine
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018679 - Cholinergic Agonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics
cholesterol sulfate
D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011480 - Protease Inhibitors > D015842 - Serine Proteinase Inhibitors A steroid sulfate that is cholesterol substituted by a sulfoxy group at position 3. D020011 - Protective Agents > D016588 - Anticarcinogenic Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents
Stachydrine
L-proline betaine is an amino acid betaine that is L-proline zwitterion in which both of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. It has a role as a food component, a plant metabolite and a human blood serum metabolite. It is a N-methyl-L-alpha-amino acid, an alkaloid and an amino-acid betaine. It is functionally related to a L-prolinium. It is a conjugate base of a N,N-dimethyl-L-prolinium. It is an enantiomer of a D-proline betaine. Stachydrine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Stachydrine is a natural product found in Teucrium polium, Halopithys incurva, and other organisms with data available. Proline betaine is an osmoprotective compound found in urine. It is thought to serve an osmoprotective role for the kidney. Proline betaine is a glycine betaine analogue found in many citrus foods. Elevated levels of proline betaine in human urine are found after the consumption of citrus fruits and juices (PMID: 18060588). Proline betaine is a biomarker for the consumption of citrus fruits. Alkaloid from Citrus spp Medicago sativa and Stachys subspecies(alfalfa). L-Stachydrine or also called proline betaine is a biomarker for the consumption of citrus fruits. L-Stachydrine is found in many foods, some of which are capers, pulses, lemon, and alfalfa. An amino acid betaine that is L-proline zwitterion in which both of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. Stachydrine is a major constituent of Chinese herb leonurus heterophyllus sweet used to promote blood circulation and dispel blood stasis. Stachydrine can inhibit the NF-κB signal pathway. Stachydrine is a major constituent of Chinese herb leonurus heterophyllus sweet used to promote blood circulation and dispel blood stasis. Stachydrine can inhibit the NF-κB signal pathway.
Urocanic acid
An alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is prop-2-enoic acid substituted by a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3. It is a metabolite of hidtidine. Urocanic acid is an intermediate in the catabolism of L-histidine.; Urocanic is a breakdown (deamination) product of histidine. In the liver, urocanic acid is an intermediate in the conversion of histidine to glutamic acid, whereas in the epidermis, it accumulates and may be both a UV protectant and an immunoregulator. Urocanic acid (UA) exists as a trans isomer (t-UA, approximately 30 mg/cm2) in the uppermost layer of the skin (stratum corneum). t-UA is formed as the cells of the second layer of skin become metabolically inactive. During this process, proteins and membranes degrade, histidine is released, and histidase (histidine ammonia lyase) catalyzes the deamination of histidine to form t-UA. t-UA accumulates in the epidermis until removal by either the monthly skin renewal cycle or sweat. Upon absorption of UV light, the naturally occurring t-UA isomerizes to its cis form, c-UA. Because DNA lesions (e.g., pyrimidine dimers) in the lower epidermis can result from UV-B absorption, initial research proposed that t-UA acted as a natural sunscreen absorbing UV-B in the stratum corneum before the damaging rays could penetrate into lower epidermal zones. Researchers have found that c-UA also suppresses contact hypersensitivity and delayed hypersensitivity, reduces the Langerhans cell count in the epidermis, prolongs skin-graft survival time, and affects natural killer cell activity. Urocanic acid is found in mung bean. C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.055 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.054 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.053 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.052 Urocanic acid, produced in the upper layers of mammalian skin, is a major absorber of ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Urocanic acid, produced in the upper layers of mammalian skin, is a major absorber of ultraviolet radiation (UVR).
Panthenol
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 851; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 2048; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 2046 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 851; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 2044; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 2041 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 851; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 2041; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 2039 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 851; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 2031; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 2029 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 851; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 2045; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 2044 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 851; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 2044; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 2042 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 851; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5226; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5225 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 851; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5228; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5227 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 851; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5267; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5265 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 851; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5263; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5262 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 851; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5259; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5258 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 851; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5264; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5262 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.228 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.226 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.221 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.222 D-Panthenol is the biologically-active alcohol of pantothenic acid, which leads to an elevation in the amount of coenzyme A in the cell.
Phytosphingosine
Phytosphingosine is a?phospholipid and has anti-cancer activities. Phytosphingosine induces cell apoptosis via caspase 8 activation and Bax translocation in cancer cells[1].
trimeprazine
R - Respiratory system > R06 - Antihistamines for systemic use > R06A - Antihistamines for systemic use > R06AD - Phenothiazine derivatives C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C29578 - Histamine-1 Receptor Antagonist C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic D003879 - Dermatologic Agents > D000982 - Antipruritics
clofibrate
C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29703 - Antilipidemic Agent > C98150 - Fibrate Antilipidemic Agent C - Cardiovascular system > C10 - Lipid modifying agents > C10A - Lipid modifying agents, plain > C10AB - Fibrates D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents > D000924 - Anticholesteremic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2719 Clofibrate is an agonist of PPAR, with EC50s of 50 μM, ～500 μM for murine PPARα and PPARγ, and 55 μM, ～500 μM for human PPARα and PPARγ, respectively.
8-HETE
An HETE having a 8-hydroxy group and (5Z)-, (9E)-, (11Z)- and (14Z)-double bonds. CONFIDENCE standard compound; NATIVE_RUN_ID STD_neg_MSMS_1min0122.mzML; PROCESSING averaging of repeated ion fragments at 30.0 eV within 5 ppm window [MS, MS:1000575, mean of spectra, ] CONFIDENCE standard compound; NATIVE_RUN_ID STD_neg_MSMS_1min0122.mzML; PROCESSING averaging of repeated ion fragments at 20.0 eV within 5 ppm window [MS, MS:1000575, mean of spectra, ] CONFIDENCE standard compound; NATIVE_RUN_ID STD_neg_MSMS_1min0122.mzML; PROCESSING averaging of repeated ion fragments at 10.0 eV within 5 ppm window [MS, MS:1000575, mean of spectra, ] CONFIDENCE standard compound; NATIVE_RUN_ID QExHF03_NM_0001287.mzML; PROCESSING averaging of repeated ion fragments at 30.0 eV within 5 ppm window [MS, MS:1000575, mean of spectra, ] CONFIDENCE standard compound; NATIVE_RUN_ID QExHF03_NM_0001287.mzML; PROCESSING averaging of repeated ion fragments at 20.0 eV within 5 ppm window [MS, MS:1000575, mean of spectra, ] CONFIDENCE standard compound; NATIVE_RUN_ID QExHF03_NM_0001287.mzML; PROCESSING averaging of repeated ion fragments at 10.0 eV within 5 ppm window [MS, MS:1000575, mean of spectra, ] CONFIDENCE standard compound; NATIVE_RUN_ID QExHF03_NM_0001287.mzML; PROCESSING averaging of repeated ion fragments at 40.0 NCE within 5 ppm window [MS, MS:1000575, mean of spectra, ] CONFIDENCE standard compound; NATIVE_RUN_ID QExHF03_NM_0001287.mzML; PROCESSING averaging of repeated ion fragments at 30.0 NCE within 5 ppm window [MS, MS:1000575, mean of spectra, ] CONFIDENCE standard compound; NATIVE_RUN_ID QExHF03_NM_0001287.mzML; PROCESSING averaging of repeated ion fragments at 20.0 NCE within 5 ppm window [MS, MS:1000575, mean of spectra, ]
ST 27:1;O2
D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents > D000924 - Anticholesteremic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites
cholesteryl sulfate
D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011480 - Protease Inhibitors > D015842 - Serine Proteinase Inhibitors D020011 - Protective Agents > D016588 - Anticarcinogenic Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents
DL-THREO-DIHYDROSPHINGOSINE
D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors DL-erythro-Dihydrosphingosine is a potent inhibitor of PKC and phospholipase A2 (PLA2)[1][2].
Senkyunolide A
Senkyunolide A, isolated from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, has cytoprotective and antiproliferative activities. Anti-tumor activity[1][2]. Senkyunolide A, isolated from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, has cytoprotective and antiproliferative activities. Anti-tumor activity[1][2].
22R-hydroxycholesterol
An oxysterol that is the 22R-hydroxy derivative of cholesterol.
5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid
A dihydroxyindole that is indole-2-carboxylic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 6.
Dinitrochlorobenzene
D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C2139 - Immunostimulant D009676 - Noxae > D007509 - Irritants
(±)-nicotine
An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidine bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position 2.
