Classification Term: 3723
Oligosaccharides (ontology term: CHEMONTID:0000198)
Carbohydrates made up of 3 to 10 monosaccharide units linked to each other through glycosidic bonds." [ISBN:0967855098]
found 217 associated metabolites at category metabolite taxonomy ontology rank level.
Ancestor: Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
Child Taxonomies: Oligosaccharide phosphates, Oligosaccharide sulfates
Stachyose
Stachyose is a tetrasaccharide consisting of two D-galactose units, one D-glucose unit, and one D-fructose unit sequentially linked. Stachyose is a normal human metabolite present in human milk and is naturally found in many vegetables (e.g. green beans, soybeans and other beans) and plants. The glycosylation of serum transferrin from galactosemic patients with a deficiency of galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase (EC 2. 7.7 12) is abnormal but becomes normal after treatment with a galactose-free diet. Adhering to a galactose-free diet by strictly avoiding dairy products and known hidden sources of galactose does not completely normalize galactose-1-phosphate (gal-1-P) in erythrocytes from patients with galactosemia, since galactose released from stachyose may be absorbed and contribute to elevated gal-1-P values in erythrocytes of galactosemic patients (PMID:7671975, 9499382). Stachyose is a tetrasaccharide consisting of sucrose having an alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactosyl moiety attached at the 6-position of the glucose. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a raffinose family oligosaccharide and a tetrasaccharide. It is functionally related to a sucrose and a raffinose. Stachyose is a natural product found in Amaranthus cruentus, Salacia oblonga, and other organisms with data available. See also: Oligosaccharide (related). A tetrasaccharide consisting of sucrose having an alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactosyl moiety attached at the 6-position of the glucose. Isolated from soybean meal (Glycine max), tubers of Japanese artichoke (Stachys tubifera) and lentils COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Stachyose, a kind of oligosaccharides, act as a hypoglycemic agent[1]. Stachyose, a kind of oligosaccharides, act as a hypoglycemic agent[1].
Raffinose
Raffinose is a complex carbohydrate. It is a trisaccharide composed of galactose, fructose, and glucose. It can be found in beans, cabbage, brussels sprouts, broccoli, asparagus, other vegetables, and whole grains. Raffinose is hydrolyzed to D-galactose and sucrose by D-galactosidase (D-GAL). D-GAL also hydrolyzes other D-galactosides such as stachyose, verbascose, and galactinol [1-O-(D-galactosyl)-myoinositol], if present. The enzyme does not cleave linked galactose, as in lactose. Raffinose is also known as melitose and may be thought of as galactose and sucrose connected via an alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkage. Thus, raffinose can be broken down into galactose and sucrose via the enzyme alpha-galactosidase. Human intestines do not contain this enzyme. Raffinose is a trisaccharide occurring in Australian manna (from Eucalyptus spp, Myrtaceae) and in cottonseed meal. Raffinose is a trisaccharide composed of alpha-D-galactopyranose, alpha-D-glucopyranose and beta-D-fructofuranose joined in sequence by 1->6 and 1<->2 glycosidic linkages, respectively. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a raffinose family oligosaccharide and a trisaccharide. Raffinose is a natural product found in Teucrium polium, Populus tremula, and other organisms with data available. A trisaccharide occurring in Australian manna (from Eucalyptus spp, Myrtaceae) and in cottonseed meal. See also: Oligosaccharide (related). A trisaccharide composed of alpha-D-galactopyranose, alpha-D-glucopyranose and beta-D-fructofuranose joined in sequence by 1->6 and 1<->2 glycosidic linkages, respectively. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 230 Raffinose (Melitose), a non-digestible short-chain?oligosaccharide, is a trisaccharide composed of galactose, glucose, and fructose and can be found in many plants. Raffinose (Melitose) can be hydrolyzed to D-galactose and sucrose by the enzyme α-galactosidase (α-GAL)[1]. Raffinose (Melitose), a non-digestible short-chain?oligosaccharide, is a trisaccharide composed of galactose, glucose, and fructose and can be found in many plants. Raffinose (Melitose) can be hydrolyzed to D-galactose and sucrose by the enzyme α-galactosidase (α-GAL)[1].
1-Kestose
1-kestose, also known as 1f-beta-D-fructosylsucrose or [beta-D-fru-(2->1)]2-alpha-D-glup, is a member of the class of compounds known as oligosaccharides. Oligosaccharides are carbohydrates made up of 3 to 10 monosaccharide units linked to each other through glycosidic bonds. 1-kestose is soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 1-kestose can be found in a number of food items such as german camomile, nance, amaranth, and european plum, which makes 1-kestose a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 1-kestose can be found primarily in prostate Tissue, as well as in human prostate tissue. Moreover, 1-kestose is found to be associated with prostate cancer. 1-kestose is a trisaccharide found in vegetables consisting of beta-D-fructofuranose having beta-D-fructofuranosyl and alpha-D-glucopyranosyl residues attached at the 1- and 2-positions respectively. 1-Kestose is a natural product found in Taraxacum lapponicum, Arctium umbrosum, and other organisms with data available. 1-Kestose is a fructooligosaccharide. An oligosaccharide is a saccharide polymer containing a small number (typically three to six) of component sugars, also known as simple sugars. They are generally found either O- or N-linked to compatible amino acid side chains in proteins or to lipid moieties. A trisaccharide found in vegetables consisting of beta-D-fructofuranose having beta-D-fructofuranosyl and alpha-D-glucopyranosyl residues attached at the 1- and 2-positions respectively. 1-Kestose, the smallest fructooligosaccharide component, which efficiently stimulates Faecalibacterium prausnitzii as well as Bifidobacteria. 1-Kestose, the smallest fructooligosaccharide component, which efficiently stimulates Faecalibacterium prausnitzii as well as Bifidobacteria.
Maltotetraose
Maltotetraose belongs to the class of organic compounds known as oligosaccharides. These are carbohydrates made up of 3 to 10 monosaccharide units linked to each other through glycosidic bonds. Maltotetraose exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. Outside of the human body, maltotetraose has been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as welsh onions, kales, small-leaf lindens, other bread, and romaine lettuces. Maltotetraose is a normal human oligo saccharide present in plasma, but is elevated in cases of Pompe disease (PMID 15886040). Alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-D-Glcp is a maltotetraose tetrasaccharide consisting of three alpha-D-glucopyranose residues and a D-glucopyranose residue joined in sequence by (1->4) glycosidic bonds. Amylotetraose is a natural product found in Streptomyces with data available. Constituent of corn syrup. Product of action of a-amylase on starch. Maltooligosaccharide mixtures are important food additives (sweeteners, gelling agents and viscosity modifiers) D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents Maltotetraose can be used as a substrate for the enzyme-coupled determination of amylase activity in biological fluids. Maltotetraose can be used as a substrate for the enzyme-coupled determination of amylase activity in biological fluids.
Maltoheptaose
Maltoheptaose is a polysaccharide with 7 units of glucose and can be classified as a maltodextrin. Maltodextrin is a polysaccharide that is used as a food additive. It is produced from starch by partial hydrolysis and is usually found as a creamy-white hygroscopic spray-dried powder. Maltodextrin is easily digestible, being absorbed as rapidly as glucose, and might be either moderately sweet or almost flavourless. It is commonly used for the production of natural sodas and candy such as SweeTarts. Maltodextrin consists of D-glucose units connected in chains of variable length. The glucose units are primarily linked with α(1→4) glycosidic bonds. Maltodextrin is typically composed of a mixture of chains that vary from three to nineteen glucose units long. Maltodextrins are classified by DE (dextrose equivalent) and have a DE between 3 to 20. The higher the DE value, the shorter the glucose chains, and the higher the sweetness and solubility. Above DE 20, the European Unions CN code calls it glucose syrup, at DE 10 or lower the customs CN code nomenclature classifies maltodextrins as dextrins (Wikipedia). Maltooligosaccharide mixtures are important food additives (sweeteners, gelling agents and viscosity modifiers) Celloheptaose is an oligosaccharide.
Melezitose
Melezitose, also spelled melicitose, is a nonreducing trisaccharide sugar that is produced by many plant sap eating insects, including aphids such as Cinara pilicornis by an enzyme reaction. This is beneficial to the insects, as it reduces the stress of osmosis by reducing their own water potential. The melezitose is part of the honeydew which acts as an attractant for ants and also as a food for bees. This is useful to the lice as they have a symbiotic relationship with ants. Melezitose can be partially hydrolyzed to glucose and turanose the latter of which is an isomer of sucrose (Wikipedia). Melezitose is a trisaccharide produced by insects such as aphids. It has a role as an animal metabolite. Melezitose is a natural product found in Pogostemon cablin, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Drosophila melanogaster with data available. A trisaccharide produced by insects such as aphids. Constituent of honey Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 231 D-(+)-Melezitose can be used to identify clinical isolates of indole-positive and indole-negative Klebsiella spp.
Cassiaside B2
Constituent of the seeds of Cassia tora (charota). Cassiaside B2 is found in coffee and coffee products, herbs and spices, and pulses. Cassiaside B2 is found in coffee and coffee products. Cassiaside B2 is a constituent of the seeds of Cassia tora (charota). Cassiaside B2 is an oligosaccharide. Cassiaside B2 is a natural product found in Senna obtusifolia with data available.
Gentianose
Gentianose is a trisaccharide composed of beta-D-glucopyranose, alpha-D-glucopyranose and beta-D-fructofuranose units. It has a role as a plant metabolite. Gentianose is a natural product found in Gentiana orbicularis, Gentianopsis barbata, and other organisms with data available. Gentianose is found in alcoholic beverages. Gentianose occurs in roots of Gentiana lutea (yellow gentian). A trisaccharide composed of beta-D-glucopyranose, alpha-D-glucopyranose and beta-D-fructofuranose units. Occurs in cotton seeds, sugar beet and manna. Widely distributed in plants, especies in the seeds. Sweet taste. Sweetness 0.48 x sucrose Gentianose is a predominant carbohydrate reserve found in the storage roots of perennial Gentiana lutea[1]. Gentianose is a predominant carbohydrate reserve found in the storage roots of perennial Gentiana lutea[1].
beta-D-Galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-galactose
beta-D-Galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-galactose, also known as b-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-b-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-galactose belongs to the class of organic compounds known as oligosaccharides or glycans. These are carbohydrates made up of 3 to 10 monosaccharide units linked to each other through glycosidic bonds. beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-galactose has been detected, but not quantified, in root vegetables. Beta-D-Galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-galactose is an oligosaccharide. Maltotriose is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Maltotriose is a natural product found in Lycium barbarum, Polygonum aviculare, and other organisms with data available. Maltotriose is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Maltotriose, the second most abundant sugar present in brewing, is an inducer of the maltose regulon of Escherichia coli. Maltotriose can induce beta-galactosidase synthesis[1][2]. Maltotriose, the second most abundant sugar present in brewing, is an inducer of the maltose regulon of Escherichia coli. Maltotriose can induce beta-galactosidase synthesis[1][2].
Maltopentaose
Constituent of corn syrup. Amylolysis production from starch. Maltooligosaccharide mixtures are important food additives (sweeteners, gelling agents and viscosity modifiers) Beta-cellopentaose is a cellopentaose in which the anomeric centre at the reducing end has beta-configuration. a 1,4-α-D-glucan reacts with H2O to produce maltopentaose. Alpha-amylase catalyzes the reaction. Maltopentaose is the shortest chain oligosaccharide that can be classified as maltodextrin and is also used in a study to investigate glycation and phosphorylation of α-lactalbumin.
Maltotriose
Maltotriose is a trisaccharide (three-part sugar) consisting of three glucose molecules linked with α-1,4 glycosidic bonds. It is most commonly produced by the digestive enzyme alpha-amylase (a common enzyme in human saliva) on amylose in starch. The creation of both maltotriose and maltose during this process is due to the random manner in which alpha amylase hydrolyses α-1,4 glycosidic bonds. It is the shortest chain oligosaccharide that can be classified as maltodextrin. Maltotriose belongs to the class of organic compounds known as oligosaccharides. These are carbohydrates made up of 3 to 10 monosaccharide units linked to each other through glycosidic bonds. Maltotriose is a common oligosaccharide metabolite found in human urine after maltose ingestion or infusion (PMID:6645121). Maltotriose is increased in glycogen storage disease II (OMIM: 232300) due to a mutation of the enzyme alpha-1,4-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) (PMID:4286143). Constituent of corn syrup. Amylolysis production from starch. Maltooligosaccharide mixtures are important food additives (sweeteners, gelling agents and viscosity modifiers) Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Maltotriose, the second most abundant sugar present in brewing, is an inducer of the maltose regulon of Escherichia coli. Maltotriose can induce beta-galactosidase synthesis[1][2]. Maltotriose, the second most abundant sugar present in brewing, is an inducer of the maltose regulon of Escherichia coli. Maltotriose can induce beta-galactosidase synthesis[1][2].
Panose
4-beta-Gentiobiosylglucose is found in cereals and cereal products. 4-beta-Gentiobiosylglucose is produced by transferase action on cellobiose of b-glucosides of barley (Hordeum vulgare). Claimed use as low-calorie flavouring agent in food, beverages, medicines. Promotes growth of beneficial intestinal flora.
Glycogen
Glycogen is a highly-branched polymer of about 30,000 glucose residues. The simplest structure of glycogen is made up of four units of glucose with an approximate molecular weight of 666 daltons. However, large molecules of glycogen can reach molecular weights in the order of 5 million Da. Most of the glucose units are linked together by alpha-1,4 glycosidic bonds, and approximately 1 in 12 glucose residues also form a 1,6 glycosidic bond with a second glucose, resulting in the creation of a branch. Glycogen only has one reducing end and a large number of non-reducing ends with a free hydroxyl group at carbon 4. The glycogen granules contain both glycogen and the enzymes of glycogen synthesis (glycogenesis) and degradation (glycogenolysis). The enzymes are nested between the outer branches of the glycogen molecules and act on the non-reducing ends. Therefore, the many non-reducing end-branches of glycogen facilitate its rapid synthesis and breakdown. In hypoglycemia caused by excessive insulin, liver glycogen levels are high, but the high insulin level prevents the necessary glycogenolysis to take place to maintain normal blood sugar levels. Glucagon is a common treatment for this type of hypoglycemia. Glycogen is a polysaccharide that is the principal storage form of glucose (Glc) in animal cells. Glycogen is found in the form of granules in the cytosol in many cell types. Hepatocytes (liver cells) have the highest concentration of it - up to 8\\% of the fresh weight in well fed state, or 100 to 120 g in an adult - giving liver a distinctive, starchy taste. In the muscles, glycogen is found in a much lower concentration (1\\% of the muscle mass), but the total amount exceeds that in liver. Small amounts of glycogen are found in the kidneys, and even smaller amounts in certain glial cells in the brain and white blood cells. Glycogen is a highly-branched polymer of about 30,000 glucose residues and has a molecular weight between 106 and 107 daltons (4.8 million approx.). Most of Glc units are linked by alpha-1,4 glycosidic bonds, approximately 1 in 12 Glc residues also makes -1,6 glycosidic bond with a second Glc which results in the creation of a branch. Glycogen only has one reducing end and a large number of non-reducing ends with a free hydroxyl group at carbon 4. The glycogen granules contain both glycogen and the enzymes of glycogen synthesis (glycogenesis) and degradation (glycogenolysis). The enzymes are nested between the outer branches of the glycogen molecules and act on the non-reducing ends. Therefore, the many non-reducing end-branches of glycogen facilitate its rapid synthesis and breakdown.
6-O-Glucosylmaltose
alpha-D-Galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-[beta-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->4)]-D-mannose is isolated from partial acid hydrolysates of sickle senna Cassia tora and Lucerne (Medicago sativa) from enzymatic hydrolysates of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), carob (Ceratonia siliqua) galactomannans. Isolated from the partial acid hydrolysate of amylopectin (waxy rice starch). 6-O-Glucosylmaltose is found in cereals and cereal products. COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Maltohexaose
Maltohexaose is a polysaccharide with 6 units of glucose and can be classified as a maltodextrin. Maltodextrin is a polysaccharide that is used as a food additive. It is produced from starch by partial hydrolysis and is usually found as a creamy-white hygroscopic spray-dried powder. Maltodextrin is easily digestible, being absorbed as rapidly as glucose, and might be either moderately sweet or almost flavourless. It is commonly used for the production of natural sodas and candy such as SweeTarts. Maltodextrin consists of D-glucose units connected in chains of variable length. The glucose units are primarily linked with α(1→4) glycosidic bonds. Maltodextrin is typically composed of a mixture of chains that vary from three to nineteen glucose units long. Maltodextrins are classified by DE (dextrose equivalent) and have a DE between 3 to 20. The higher the DE value, the shorter the glucose chains, and the higher the sweetness and solubility. Above DE 20, the European Unions CN code calls it glucose syrup, at DE 10 or lower the customs CN code nomenclature classifies maltodextrins as dextrins (Wikipedia). A 1,4-alpha-D-glucan reacts with H2O to produce maltohexaose. alpha-Amylase is responsible for catalyzing this reaction. Alpha-maltohexaose is a maltohexaose hexasaccharide in which the glucose residue at the reducing end is in the pyranose ring form and has alpha configuration at the anomeric carbon atom. Maltohexaose is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-glucopyranose is a natural product found in Homo sapiens and Bos taurus with data available. Constituent of corn starch. Amylolysis production from starch. Maltooligosaccharide mixtures are important food additives (sweeteners, gelling agents and viscosity modifiers) A maltohexaose hexasaccharide in which the glucose residue at the reducing end is in the pyranose ring form and has alpha configuration at the anomeric carbon atom. Maltohexaose is a natural saccharide, and can be produced from amylose, amylopectin and whole starch. Maltohexaose is a natural saccharide, and can be produced from amylose, amylopectin and whole starch.
Gentiotriose
Manninotriose is found in cocoa and cocoa products. Manninotriose is found free in cocoa beans, hazelnuts and in various plant mannans. Selectively utilised by bifidobacteria in the intestine but hardly utilised by other microorganisms. Increases faecal bifidobacteria and decreases Clostridia.
alpha-D-Glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-D-glucose
alpha-D-Glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-D-glucose is found in alcoholic beverages. alpha-D-Glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-D-glucose is present in honey and beer. Present in honey and beer. alpha-D-Glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-D-glucose is found in alcoholic beverages.
Planteose
Planteose, also known as 6f-alpha-D-galactosylsucrose, is a member of the class of compounds known as oligosaccharides. Oligosaccharides are carbohydrates made up of 3 to 10 monosaccharide units linked to each other through glycosidic bonds. Planteose is soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Planteose can be found in a number of food items such as sweet marjoram, sweet basil, sesame, and cocoa bean, which makes planteose a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
Sesamose
Sesamose is found in fats and oils. Sesamose is isolated from seeds of Sesamum indicum (sesame). Isolated from seeds of Sesamum indicum (sesame). Sesamose is found in fats and oils and sesame.
Plicamycin
Plicamycin is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces plicatus. It has been used in the treatment of testicular cancer, Pagets disease of bone, and, rarely, the management of hypercalcemia. The manufacturer discontinued plicamycin in 2000. Plicamycin is presumed to inhibit cellular and enzymic RNA synthesis by forming a complex with DNA. Plicamycin may also lower calcium serum levels by inhibiting the effect of parathyroid hormone upon osteoclasts or by blocking the hypercalcemic action of pharmacologic doses of vitamin D. L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01D - Cytotoxic antibiotics and related substances C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C2842 - DNA Binding Agent D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D049408 - Luminescent Agents C78281 - Agent Affecting Musculoskeletal System > C67439 - Bone Resorption Inhibitor D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019384 - Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011500 - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors D004396 - Coloring Agents > D005456 - Fluorescent Dyes D000077264 - Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents Same as: D00468
Betadex
Betadex has GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) status for use as a flavour carrier or protectant in food D000074385 - Food Ingredients > D005503 - Food Additives D064449 - Sequestering Agents Same as: D02401 β-Cyclodextrin is a cyclic polysaccharide composed of seven units of glucose (α-D-glucopyranose) linked by α-(1,4) type bonds. β-Cyclodextrin has often been used to enhance the solubility of agents. β-Cyclodextrin has anti-influenza virus H1N1 activities.
Zizybeoside II
Zizybeoside II is found in fruits. Zizybeoside II is a constituent of dried fruits of Chinese jujube (Zizyphus jujuba) Constituent of dried fruits of Chinese jujube (Zizyphus jujuba). Zizybeoside II is found in fruits.
Cinncassiol C
Cinncassiol C is found in herbs and spices. Cinncassiol C is a constituent of Cinnamomum cassia (Chinese cinnamon)
Sophorotriose
Present in potato and pea plants. Sophorotriose is found in alcoholic beverages, pulses, and potato. Sophorotriose is found in alcoholic beverages. Sophorotriose is present in potato and pea plants.
Alpha-Tetrasaccharide
Alpha-Tetrasaccharide is a metabolite that accumulates in the urine of glucosidase I deficient patients, a defect due to missense mutations in the glucosidase I gene. (PMID 10788335). A tetrasaccharide is a carbohydrate which gives upon hydrolysis four molecules of the same or different monosaccharides. For example, stachyose upon hydrolysis gives one molecule each of glucose and fructose and two molecules of galactose. The general formula of a tetrasaccharide is typically C24H42O21. (Wikipedia). Alpha-Tetrasaccharide is a metabolite that accumulates in the urine of glucosidase I deficiency patients, a defect due to missense mutations in the glucosidase I gene. (PMID 10788335)
Amylopectin
Amylopectin is a highly branched polymer of glucose found in plants. It is one of the two components of starch, the other being amylose. It is insoluble in water. Glucose units are linked in a linear way with α(1→4) bonds. Branching takes place with α(1→6) bonds occurring every 24 to 30 glucose units. Its counterpart in animals is glycogen which has the same composition and structure, but with more extensive branching that occurs every 8 to 12 glucose units. Starch is made of about 80\\% amylopectin. Amylopectin is highly branched, being formed of 2 000 to 200 000 glucose units. Its inner chains are formed of 20-24 glucose subunits. The glucose residues are linked through alpha-1,4 glycosidic linkages (Wikipedia). Amylopectin (CAS# 9037-22-3) is a highly branched polymer of glucose found in plants. It is one of the two components of starch, the other being amylose. It is insoluble in water. Same as: D11546
Difucosyllacto-N-hexaose a
Difucosyllacto-N-hexaose a is a difuco-derivative of lacto-N-hexaose isolated from human breast milk of a Lewis a positive donor. Human colostrum is known to be important for the protection of infants against infection by pathogenic microorganisms. Human milk contains numerous oligosaccharides. Their compositions are largely dependent on the blood type of the lactating mother. These oligosaccharides can be classified as either "acidic" or "neutral," depending on the presence or absence of sialic acid moieties. Moderate-to-severe diarrhea of all causes occurs less often in infants whose milk contains high levels of total 2-linked fucosyloligosaccharides as a percent of milk oligosaccharide. (PMID: 16289347, 11273599, 3401331, 11273599, 7574700; 8953162; 3839799) [HMDB] Difucosyllacto-N-hexaose a is a difuco-derivative of lacto-N-hexaose isolated from human breast milk of a Lewis a positive donor. Human colostrum is known to be important for the protection of infants against infection by pathogenic microorganisms. Human milk contains numerous oligosaccharides. Their compositions are largely dependent on the blood type of the lactating mother. These oligosaccharides can be classified as either "acidic" or "neutral," depending on the presence or absence of sialic acid moieties. Moderate-to-severe diarrhea of all causes occurs less often in infants whose milk contains high levels of total 2-linked fucosyloligosaccharides as a percent of milk oligosaccharide. (PMID: 16289347, 11273599, 3401331, 11273599, 7574700; 8953162; 3839799).
p-Lacto-N-hexaose
pLNH or para-lacto-N-hexaose is a linear hexasaccharide isolated from human milk.
Mannan
Mannan is found in arabica coffee. Mannan is found in custard apples. Mannan is widely used in food industry, e.g. in the preparation of rice substitutes and in jellies. Thickening agent Detection of mannan leads to lysis in the mannan-binding lectin pathway.It is generally found in yeast, bacteria and plants. It shows (1-4) linkage. It is a form of a storage polysaccharide. Mannan is a plant polysaccharide that is a polymer of the sugar mannose Found in custard apples. Widely used in food industry, e.g. in the preparation of rice substitutes and in jellies. Thickening agent Same as: G10509 G10540 G10541 G10542
D-Gal alpha 1->6D-Gal alpha 1->6D-Glucose
Found free in cocoa beans, hazelnuts and in various plant mannans. Selectively utilised by bifidobacteria in the intestine but hardly utilised by other microorganisms. Increases faecal bifidobacteria and decreases Clostridia. Manninotriose is found in many foods, some of which are cocoa and cocoa products, nuts, cocoa bean, and potato. This compound belongs to the family of Trihexoses. These are trisaccharides containing three hexose carbohydrates. Manninotriose is a novel and important player in the RFO(Raffinose family oligosaccharides) metabolism of red dead deadnettle; potential to improve the side effects of MTX for ALL treatment. Manninotriose is a novel and important player in the RFO(Raffinose family oligosaccharides) metabolism of red dead deadnettle; potential to improve the side effects of MTX for ALL treatment.
Galactotriose
Galactotriose is found in nuts. Galactotriose is a constituent of the hydrolysate of a cashew-nut shell polysaccharide D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D000925 - Anticoagulants D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites
Chrysophanol 1-triglucoside
Chrysophanol 1-triglucoside is found in coffee and coffee products. Chrysophanol 1-triglucoside is a constituent of the seeds of Cassia tora (charota) Constituent of the seeds of Cassia tora (charota). Chrysophanol 1-triglucoside is found in coffee and coffee products, herbs and spices, and pulses. Chrysophanol 1-triglucoside is an oligosaccharide.
Lavandulifolioside
Lavandulifolioside is found in root vegetables. Lavandulifolioside is a constituent of Stachys sieboldii (Chinese artichoke). Constituent of Stachys sieboldii (Chinese artichoke). Lavandulifolioside is found in root vegetables.
Nystose
Nystose is a constituent of seeds of onions and roots of Asparagus. Nystose is a low-calorie sweetening agent for food and chewing gum. Nystose is a constituent of neosugar which improves the intestinal flora in humans. Constituent of seeds of onions and roots of Asparagus. Low-calorie sweetening agent for food and chewing gum. Constituent of neosugar which improves the intestinal flora in humans Nystose is a tetrasaccharide with two fructose molecules linked via beta (1→2) bonds to the fructosyl moiety of sucrose. Nystose is a tetrasaccharide with two fructose molecules linked via beta (1→2) bonds to the fructosyl moiety of sucrose.
b-D-Glucuronopyranosyl-(1->3)-a-D-galacturonopyranosyl-(1->2)-L-rhamnose
b-D-Glucuronopyranosyl-(1->3)-a-D-galacturonopyranosyl-(1->2)-L-rhamnose is found in coffee and coffee products. b-D-Glucuronopyranosyl-(1->3)-a-D-galacturonopyranosyl-(1->2)-L-rhamnose is isolated from the partial acid hydrolsates of the mucilage of Abelmoschus manihot (aibika) and Okra mucilage R in fruits and roots of Abelmoschus esculentus. Isolated from the partial acid hydrolsates of the mucilage of Abelmoschus manihot (aibika) and Okra mucilage R in fruits and roots of Abelmoschus esculentus. b-D-Glucuronopyranosyl-(1->3)-a-D-galacturonopyranosyl-(1->2)-L-rhamnose is found in many foods, some of which are coffee and coffee products, fruits, fats and oils, and green vegetables.
(S)-Nerolidol 3-O-[a-L-Rhamnopyranosyl-(1->4)-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-b-D-glucopyranoside]
(S)-Nerolidol 3-O-[a-L-Rhamnopyranosyl-(1->4)-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-b-D-glucopyranoside] is found in fruits. (S)-Nerolidol 3-O-[a-L-Rhamnopyranosyl-(1->4)-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-b-D-glucopyranoside] is a constituent of Eriobotrya japonica (loquat). Constituent of Eriobotrya japonica (loquat). (S)-Nerolidol 3-O-[a-L-Rhamnopyranosyl-(1->4)-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-b-D-glucopyranoside] is found in loquat and fruits.
3'-O-Acetylafzelin
3-O-Acetylafzelin is found in herbs and spices. 3-O-Acetylafzelin is a constituent of Zingiber zerumbet (wild ginger). Constituent of Zingiber zerumbet (wild ginger). 3-O-Acetylafzelin is found in herbs and spices.
alpha-D-Xylopyranosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-glucose
Constituent in cell wall polysaccharide of immature barley plants. Isolated from the enzymatic hydrolysates of tamarind polysaccharide. alpha-D-Xylopyranosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-glucose is found in cereals and cereal products and fruits. alpha-D-Xylopyranosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-glucose is found in cereals and cereal products. Constituent in cell wall polysaccharide of immature barley plants. It is isolated from the enzymatic hydrolysates of tamarind polysaccharide.
Methyl 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamate [arabinosyl-(1->3)-[glucosyl-(1->6)]-glucosyl] ester
Methyl 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamate [arabinosyl-(1->3)-[glucosyl-(1->6)]-glucosyl] ester is found in pulses. Methyl 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamate [arabinosyl-(1->3)-[glucosyl-(1->6)]-glucosyl] ester is a constituent of soybean molasses (Glycine sp.) Constituent of soybean molasses (Glycine species). Methyl 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamate [arabinosyl-(1->3)-[glucosyl-(1->6)]-glucosyl] ester is found in pulses.
a-L-Arabinofuranosyl-(1->3)-b-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-xylose
a-L-Arabinofuranosyl-(1->3)-b-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-xylose is produced of partial enzymic hydrolysis of xylans found in foods, e.g. rye flour. Production of partial enzymic hydrolysis of xylans found in foods, e.g. rye flour
Sesaminol glucosyl-(1->2)-[glucosyl-(1->6)]-glucoside
Sesaminol glucosyl-(1->2)-[glucosyl-(1->6)]-glucoside is found in cereals and cereal products. Sesaminol glucosyl-(1->2)-[glucosyl-(1->6)]-glucoside is a constituent of sesame seed. Constituent of sesame seed. Sesaminol glucosyl-(1->2)-[glucosyl-(1->6)]-glucoside is found in cereals and cereal products.
beta-D-Galactopyranosyl-(1->2)-[beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)]-D-galactose
Centose is a constituent of honey. Patented for food use. Constituent of honey. Patented for food use
3-beta-Cellobiosylglucose
3-beta-Cellobiosylglucose is found in cereals and cereal products. 3-beta-Cellobiosylglucose is obtained from partial acid and enzymic hydrolysis of oat b-glucan and barley b-glucan. obtained from partial acid and enzymic hydrolysis of oat b-glucan and barley b-glucan. 3-beta-Cellobiosylglucose is found in cereals and cereal products.
Fagopyritol B3
Fagopyritol B3 is found in cereals and cereal products. Fagopyritol B3 is a constituent of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum). Constituent of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum). Fagopyritol B3 is found in cereals and cereal products.
3-Fucosyllactose
3-Fucosyllactose is a milk oligosaccharide isolated in 1958 (PMID: 13546862), and that was also isolated for the first time from the urine of a blood group O, nonsecretor, woman during pregnancy and lactation in 1977 (PMID: 838696). Is resistant to enzymic hydrolysis in the gastrointestinal tract of the infant; it is postulated that they reach the large intestine where they serve as substrates for bacterial metabolism. (PMID 10837303). 3-Fucosyllactose is a milk oligosaccharide isolated in 1958 (PMID: 13546862), and that was also isolated for the first time from the urine of a blood group O, nonsecretor, woman during pregnancy and lactation in 1977 (PMID: 838696)
alpha-D-Glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-D-glucose
alpha-D-Glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-D-glucose is found in alcoholic beverages. alpha-D-Glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-D-glucose is isolated from sake. Isolated from sake. alpha-D-Glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-D-glucose is found in alcoholic beverages.
Lacto-n-fucopentaose I
Lacto-n-fucopentaose I is an oligosaccharide found in human milk and other biofluids. Oligosaccharides of the blood group family decorate diverse glycoproteins and glycolipids on the surface of cells. Lacto-n-fucopentaose I and its sulfated and sialylated analogs, SuLNFPI and SLNFPI, are potent oligosaccharide ligands for the animal lectins, E- and L-selectin, and the natural killer cell receptor, NKR-P1. Burkinabe women show lower concentrations of lacto-n-fucopentaose I while Italian women show a higher concentrations of lacto-n-fucopentaose I. Lacto-n-fucopentaose I inhibits blastocyst attachment to uterine epithelial cells in vitro; component(s) carrying LNF-1 in the secretion might be regulatory molecules helping to secure the proper time for implantation. (PMID: 8639679, 16954962, 1802622, 3927775, 2988366) [HMDB] Lacto-n-fucopentaose I is an oligosaccharide found in human milk and other biofluids. Oligosaccharides of the blood group family decorate diverse glycoproteins and glycolipids on the surface of cells. Lacto-n-fucopentaose I and its sulfated and sialylated analogs, SuLNFPI and SLNFPI, are potent oligosaccharide ligands for the animal lectins, E- and L-selectin, and the natural killer cell receptor, NKR-P1. Burkinabe women show lower concentrations of lacto-n-fucopentaose I while Italian women show a higher concentrations of lacto-n-fucopentaose I. Lacto-n-fucopentaose I inhibits blastocyst attachment to uterine epithelial cells in vitro; component(s) carrying LNF-1 in the secretion might be regulatory molecules helping to secure the proper time for implantation. (PMID: 8639679, 16954962, 1802622, 3927775, 2988366).
Lacto-N-difucopentaose II
Lacto-N-difucopentaose II is an oligosaccharide first isolated from human milk by recycling chromatography in 1988. Is resistant to enzymic hydrolysis in the gastrointestinal tract of the infant; it is postulated that they reach the large intestine where they serve as substrates for bacterial metabolism. Oligosaccharides in human milk represent a group of bioactive molecules that have evolved to be an abundant and diverse component of human milk, even though they have no direct nutritive value to the infant. (PMID 3274083, 10837303, 11787695, 14530096, 17002410) [HMDB] Lacto-N-difucopentaose II is an oligosaccharide first isolated from human milk by recycling chromatography in 1988. Is resistant to enzymic hydrolysis in the gastrointestinal tract of the infant; it is postulated that they reach the large intestine where they serve as substrates for bacterial metabolism. Oligosaccharides in human milk represent a group of bioactive molecules that have evolved to be an abundant and diverse component of human milk, even though they have no direct nutritive value to the infant. (PMID 3274083, 10837303, 11787695, 14530096, 17002410).
Chrysophanol 1-tetraglucoside
Chrysophanol 1-tetraglucoside is found in coffee and coffee products. Chrysophanol 1-tetraglucoside is a constituent of the seeds of Cassia tora (charota) Constituent of the seeds of Cassia tora (charota). Chrysophanol 1-tetraglucoside is found in coffee and coffee products, herbs and spices, and pulses.
3-beta-Gentiobiosylglucose
Repeating unit of the extracellular b-D-glucan from the fungus Botrytis cinerea responsible for clarification difficulties in wine technology alpha-D-Glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-D-glucose is a constituent of honey.
Simonin II
Constituent of Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato). Simonin II is found in root vegetables and potato. Simonin II is found in potato. Simonin II is a constituent of Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato)
Leonoside A
Leonoside A is found in root vegetables. Leonoside A is a constituent of Stachys sieboldii (Chinese artichoke). Constituent of Stachys sieboldii (Chinese artichoke). Leonoside A is found in root vegetables.
(S)-Nerolidol 3-O-[a-L-Rhamnopyranosyl-(1->4)-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-[a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->6)]-b-D-glucopyranoside]
(S)-Nerolidol 3-O-[a-L-Rhamnopyranosyl-(1->4)-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-[a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->6)]-b-D-glucopyranoside] is found in fruits. (S)-Nerolidol 3-O-[a-L-Rhamnopyranosyl-(1->4)-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-[a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->6)]-b-D-glucopyranoside] is a constituent of Eriobotrya japonica (loquat). Constituent of Eriobotrya japonica (loquat). (S)-Nerolidol 3-O-[a-L-Rhamnopyranosyl-(1->4)-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-[a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->6)]-b-D-glucopyranoside] is found in fruits.
Lucidumol B
Lucidumol B is found in mushrooms. Lucidumol B is a constituent of Ganoderma lucidum (reishi).
Leonoside B
Leonoside B is found in root vegetables. Leonoside B is isolated from tubers of Stachys sieboldii (Chinese artichoke). Isolated from tubers of Stachys sieboldii (Chinese artichoke). Leonoside B is found in root vegetables.
alpha-L-Rhamnopyranosyl-(1->3)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->3)-L-fucose
alpha-L-Rhamnopyranosyl-(1->3)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->3)-L-fucose is found in green vegetables. alpha-L-Rhamnopyranosyl-(1->3)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->3)-L-fucose is isolated from the partial acid hydrolysate of mucilage from the edible water plant junsai (Brasenia schreberi). Isolated from the partial acid hydrolysate of mucilage from the edible water plant junsai (Brasenia schreberi). alpha-L-Rhamnopyranosyl-(1->3)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->3)-L-fucose is found in green vegetables.
beta-D-Fructofuranosyl alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-glucopyranoside
Occurs in Aphis pemi honeydew. Isolated from a honey invertase digest of sucrose. Selectively enhances growth of bifidobacteria in human intestines.
6'-O-alpha-D-Galactopyranosylciceritol
6-O-alpha-D-Galactopyranosylciceritol is found in pulses. 6-O-alpha-D-Galactopyranosylciceritol is isolated from chickpea Isolated from chickpeas. 6-O-alpha-D-Galactopyranosylciceritol is found in pulses.
alpha-D-Galactopyranuronosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-galactopyranuronosyl-(1->4)-D-galacturonic acid
alpha-D-Galactopyranuronosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-galactopyranuronosyl-(1->4)-D-galacturonic acid is isolated from enzymic hydrolysates (yeast or mould pectinases) of pectic acid. Also from partial acid hydrolysis of Medicago sativa (lucerne) pectin. Isolated from enzymic hydrolysates (yeast or mould pectinases) of pectic acidand is) also from partial acid hydrolysis of Medicago sativa (lucerne) pectin
a-L-Fucopyranosyl-(1->2)-b-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)-D-xylose
a-L-Fucopyranosyl-(1->2)-b-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)-D-xylose is found in pulses. a-L-Fucopyranosyl-(1->2)-b-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)-D-xylose is a constituent in the cell wall material of scarlet runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus). Constituent in the cell wall material of scarlet runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus). a-L-Fucopyranosyl-(1->2)-b-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)-D-xylose is found in pulses.
cis-Ferulic acid [arabinosyl-(1->3)-[glucosyl-(1->6)]-glucosyl] ester
cis-Ferulic acid [arabinosyl-(1->3)-[glucosyl-(1->6)]-glucosyl] ester is found in pulses. cis-Ferulic acid [arabinosyl-(1->3)-[glucosyl-(1->6)]-glucosyl] ester is a constituent of soybean molasses (Glycine sp.) Constituent of soybean molasses (Glycine species). cis-Ferulic acid [arabinosyl-(1->3)-[glucosyl-(1->6)]-glucosyl] ester is found in pulses.
Simonin III
Constituent of the roots of Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato). Simonin III is found in root vegetables and potato. Simonin III is found in potato. Simonin III is a constituent of the roots of Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato)
6-Methoxymusizin 8-O-[b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-b-D-glucopyranoside]
6-Methoxymusizin 8-O-[b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-b-D-glucopyranoside] is found in coffee and coffee products. 6-Methoxymusizin 8-O-[b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-b-D-glucopyranoside] is a constituent of the seeds of Cassia tora (charota) Constituent of the seeds of Cassia tora (charota). 6-Methoxymusizin 8-O-[b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-b-D-glucopyranoside] is found in coffee and coffee products, herbs and spices, and pulses.
beta-D-Galactopyranosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-D-galactose
beta-D-Galactopyranosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-D-galactose is found in fruits. beta-D-Galactopyranosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-D-galactose is isolated from the partial acid hydrolysates of the gums of Prunus persica and Opuntia ficus-indica (Indian fig). Isolated from the partial acid hydrolysates of the gums of Prunus persica and Opuntia ficus-indica (Indian fig). beta-D-Galactopyranosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-D-galactose is found in fruits.
7-Chloro-6-demethylcepharadione B
7-Chloro-6-demethylcepharadione B is found in herbs and spices. 7-Chloro-6-demethylcepharadione B is an alkaloid from Houttuynia cordata (Yu Xing Cao).
Murrayenol
Murrayenol is found in herbs and spices. Murrayenol is isolated from roots of Murraya koenigii (curry leaf tree
2-Fucosyllactose
2-Fucosyllactose (Fuc-a( 1->2)Galb(1->4)Glc) is an oligosaccharide first found in milk in the 1950s, and a well established isolation technique was found in 1972 (PMID: 5012321). It has been used as an acceptor substrate in assays of the blood group A and B gene specified glycosyltransferases since. (PMID 6894927). 2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL) is an oligosaccharide that could be derived from human milk. 2'-Fucosyllactose regulates the expression of CD14, alleviates colitis and regulates the gut microbiome. 2'-Fucosyllactose stimulates T cells to increase IFN-γ production and decreases IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α production of cytokines[1][2].
Neokestose
Isolated from aq. alcoholic extracts of oat stalks. Neokestose is found in many foods, some of which are common wheat, garden onion, cereals and cereal products, and french plantain. Neokestose is found in cereals and cereal products. Neokestose is isolated from aqueous alcoholic extracts of oat stalks
(S)-Nerolidol 3-O-[a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->4)-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->6)-b-D-glucopyranoside]
(S)-Nerolidol 3-O-[a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->4)-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->6)-b-D-glucopyranoside] is found in fruits. (S)-Nerolidol 3-O-[a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->4)-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->6)-b-D-glucopyranoside] is a constituent of Eriobotrya japonica (loquat). Constituent of Eriobotrya japonica (loquat). (S)-Nerolidol 3-O-[a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->4)-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->6)-b-D-glucopyranoside] is found in loquat and fruits.
Vomifoliol 9-[glucosyl-(1->4)-xylosyl-(1->6)-glucoside]
Vomifoliol 9-[glucosyl-(1->4)-xylosyl-(1->6)-glucoside] is found in pomes. Vomifoliol 9-[glucosyl-(1->4)-xylosyl-(1->6)-glucoside] is a constituent of fruit of apples (Malus sylvestris). Constituent of fruit of apples (Malus sylvestris). Vomifoliol 9-[glucosyl-(1->4)-xylosyl-(1->6)-glucoside] is found in malus (crab apple) and pomes.
3-beta-Cellobiosylcellobiose
3-beta-Cellobiosylcellobiose is found in cereals and cereal products. 3-beta-Cellobiosylcellobiose is isolated from cellulase hydrolysates of oat b-glucan. Isolated from cellulase hydrolysates of oat b-glucan. 3-beta-Cellobiosylcellobiose is found in cereals and cereal products.
Zwiebelane B
Zwiebelane A is found in onion-family vegetables. Zwiebelane A is a constituent of onion (Allium cepa).
(+)-Pinoresinol 4-O-[beta-D-Glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside]
(+)-Pinoresinol 4-O-[beta-D-Glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside] is found in cereals and cereal products. (+)-Pinoresinol 4-O-[beta-D-Glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside] is a constituent of sesame seeds. Constituent of sesame seeds. (+)-Pinoresinol 4-O-[beta-D-Glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside] is found in cereals and cereal products.
gamma-Chaconine
gamma-Solanine is found in alcoholic beverages. gamma-Solanine is an alkaloid from potato species (Solanum tuberosum and Solanum chacoense).
beta-D-Xylopyranosyl-(1->3)-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1->3)-L-arabinose
beta-D-Xylopyranosyl-(1->3)-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1->3)-L-arabinose is found in fruits. beta-D-Xylopyranosyl-(1->3)-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1->3)-L-arabinose is isolated from the mucilage of Opuntia ficus-indica (Indian fig). Isolated from the mucilage of Opuntia ficus-indica (Indian fig). beta-D-Xylopyranosyl-(1->3)-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1->3)-L-arabinose is found in fruits.
Bifurcose
Bifurcose is found in cereals and cereal products. Bifurcose is isolated from barley (Hordeum vulgare) and Panicum miliaceum (proso millet). Isolated from barley (Hordeum vulgare) and Panicum miliaceum (proso millet). Bifurcose is found in barley and cereals and cereal products.
Rubrofusarin 6-[glucosyl-(1->3)-glucosyl-(1->6)-glucoside]
Rubrofusarin 6-[glucosyl-(1->3)-glucosyl-(1->6)-glucoside] is found in coffee and coffee products. Rubrofusarin 6-[glucosyl-(1->3)-glucosyl-(1->6)-glucoside] is a constituent of the seeds of Cassia tora (charota) Constituent of the seeds of Cassia tora (charota). Rubrofusarin 6-[glucosyl-(1->3)-glucosyl-(1->6)-glucoside] is found in coffee and coffee products, herbs and spices, and pulses.
Torososide B
Torososide B is found in cereals and cereal products. Torososide B is a constituent of the seeds of sickle pod Cassia torosa Constituent of the seeds of sickle pod Cassia torosa. Torososide B is found in cereals and cereal products and pulses.
6-Kestose
Kelose is found in root vegetables. Kelose is a constituent of commercial beet syrup, Beta vulgaris. Constituent of commercial beet syrup, Beta vulgaris. Kelose is found in root vegetables.
3-Galactosyllactose
3-Galactosyllactose (CAS: 32694-82-9) is human milk oligosaccharide.
4-O-Methyl-a-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-b-D-xylosyl-(1->4)-D-xylose
4-O-Methyl-a-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-b-D-xylosyl-(1->4)-D-xylose is found in cereals and cereal products. 4-O-Methyl-a-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-b-D-xylosyl-(1->4)-D-xylose is from oat hull hemicelluloses. From oat hull hemicelluloses. 4-O-Methyl-a-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-b-D-xylosyl-(1->4)-D-xylose is found in cereals and cereal products.
3-beta-Glucosylcellotriose
3-beta-Glucosylcellotriose is found in cereals and cereal products. 3-beta-Glucosylcellotriose is isolated from cellulase hydrolysates of oat b-glucan. Isolated from cellulase hydrolysates of oat b-glucan. 3-beta-Glucosylcellotriose is found in cereals and cereal products.
Lacto-N-fucopentaose-2
Lacto-N-fucopentaose-2 is an oligosaccharide found in human milk and other biofluids. Lacto-N-fucopentaose-2 is an active pentasaccharide of the blood group Lewisa (Lea). Oligosaccharides of the blood group family decorate diverse glycoproteins and glycolipids on the surface of cells. Lacto-N-fucopentaose-2 and its sulfated and sialylated analogs, SuLNFPII and SLNFPII, are potent oligosaccharide ligands for the animal lectins, E- and L-selectin, and the natural killer cell receptor, NKR-P1. (PMID: 8639679) [HMDB] Lacto-N-fucopentaose-2 is an oligosaccharide found in human milk and other biofluids. Lacto-N-fucopentaose-2 is an active pentasaccharide of the blood group Lewisa (Lea). Oligosaccharides of the blood group family decorate diverse glycoproteins and glycolipids on the surface of cells. Lacto-N-fucopentaose-2 and its sulfated and sialylated analogs, SuLNFPII and SLNFPII, are potent oligosaccharide ligands for the animal lectins, E- and L-selectin, and the natural killer cell receptor, NKR-P1. (PMID: 8639679).
5'-(4-Hydroxy-(E)-cinnamoyl) alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-xylopyranoside
5-(4-Hydroxy-(E)-cinnamoyl) alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-xylopyranoside is found in green vegetables. 5-(4-Hydroxy-(E)-cinnamoyl) alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-xylopyranoside is an enzyme hydrolysis product of bamboo shoot (Phyllostachys edulis) cell wall and of barley straw cell walls. Enzym. hydrol. product of bamboo shoot (Phyllostachys edulis) cell wall and of barley straw cell walls. 5-(4-Hydroxy-(E)-cinnamoyl) alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-xylopyranoside is found in green vegetables.
Lacto-N-triaose
Human beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 (beta3GnT2) converts lacto-N-triose II into lacto-N-tetraose and lacto-N-neotetraose. (PMID:16277601).
gamma-Cyclodextrin
gamma-Cyclodextrin, also known as cyclomaltooctaose, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as oligosaccharides. These are carbohydrates made up of 3 to 10 monosaccharide units linked to each other through glycosidic bonds. Generally recognised as safe (GRAS) in the USA. These are monosaccharides in which the sugar unit is a hexose. gamma-Cyclodextrin exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. gamma-Cyclodextrin is an odorless and tasteless compound. gamma-Cyclodextrin is used as a stabiliser, emulsifier, carrier and formulation aid. Stabiliser, emulsifier, carrier and formulation aid. Generally recognised as safe (GRAS) in the USA γ-Cyclodextrin is an endogenous metabolite.
O-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-a-D-Gal-(1->3)-O-[6-deoxy-a-L-Gal-(1->2)]-O-b-D-Gal-(1->3)-O-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-b-D-Glc-(1->3)-O-b-D-Gal-(1->4)-D-Glucose
O-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-a-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->3)-O-[6-deoxy-a-L-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)]-O-b-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->3)-O-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-O-b-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-Glucose is a fucose-containing oligosaccharide found in human milk. (PMID: 11308023). Is a blood group specific oligosaccharide from feces of a blood group A breast-fed infant. (PMID: 6513935). O-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-a-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->3)-O-[6-deoxy-a-L-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)]-O-b-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->3)-O-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-O-b-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-Glucose is a fucose-containing oligosaccharide found in human milk. (PMID: 11308023)
Chitosan
Chitosan is a linear polysaccharide composed of randomly distributed beta(1->4)-linked D-glucosamine (deacetylated unit) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (acetylated unit). Chitosan has a number of commercial and possible biomedical uses. It can be used in agriculture as a seed treatment and biopesticide, helping plants to fight off fungal infections. In winemaking, it can be used as a fining agent, also helping to prevent spoilage. In industry, it can be used in a self-healing polyurethane paint coating. In medicine, it is useful in bandages to reduce bleeding and as an antibacterial agent; it can also be used to help deliver drugs through the skin. Chitosan is produced commercially by deacetylation of chitin, which is the structural element in the exoskeleton of crustaceans (such as crabs and shrimp) and cell walls of fungi. It is used in hydrogel and to treat wounds. Chitosan can also be used in water processing engineering as a part of a filtration process. Chitosan causes the fine sediment particles to bind together and is subsequently removed with the sediment during sand filtration. Chitosan also removes phosphorous, heavy minerals, and oils from the water. Chitosan is an important additive in the filtration process. Sand filtration apparently can remove up to 50\\% of the turbidity alone while the Chitosan with sand filtration removes up to 99\\% turbidity.
obtained from Chitin
D-Glucosaminide
D-Glucosaminide is an intermediate in the Human Aminosugars metabolism, the substrate of the enzyme di-N-acetyl-chitobiase [EC:3.2.1.-], from the Glycosidases class (i.e.: enzymes hydrolyzing O- and S-glycosyl compounds). (KEGG) [HMDB] D-Glucosaminide is an intermediate in the Human Aminosugars metabolism, the substrate of the enzyme di-N-acetyl-chitobiase [EC:3.2.1.-], from the Glycosidases class (i.e.: enzymes hydrolyzing O- and S-glycosyl compounds). (KEGG).
Difucosyllacto-N-hexaose I
Difucosyllacto-N-hexaose I is an oligosaccharide characterized in breast milk and found in feces of breast-fed infants. The oligosaccharides profile in the feces is similar to that of the ingested milk. Approximately 40\\% to 50\\% of the total ingested oligosaccharides can be found in feces of breast-fed infants. Oligosaccharides in human milk represent a group of bioactive molecules that have evolved to be an abundant and diverse component of human milk, even though they have no direct nutritive value to the infant. A recent hypothesis proposes that they could be substrates for the development of the intestinal microflora and the mucosal immune system. (PMID: 11787695, 14530096, 17002410) [HMDB] Difucosyllacto-N-hexaose I is an oligosaccharide characterized in breast milk and found in feces of breast-fed infants. The oligosaccharides profile in the feces is similar to that of the ingested milk. Approximately 40\\% to 50\\% of the total ingested oligosaccharides can be found in feces of breast-fed infants. Oligosaccharides in human milk represent a group of bioactive molecules that have evolved to be an abundant and diverse component of human milk, even though they have no direct nutritive value to the infant. A recent hypothesis proposes that they could be substrates for the development of the intestinal microflora and the mucosal immune system. (PMID: 11787695, 14530096, 17002410).
Lacto-N-tetraose
Lacto-N-tetraose (LNT) (CAS: 14116-68-8) is a neutral oligosaccharide present in human colostrum and milk. LNT is converted from lacto-N-triose II by the human enzyme beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 (beta3GnT2). Human milk is a unique reservoir of oligosaccharides. The presence of many of these oligosaccharides is determined genetically and is related to the Lewis blood group and secretor antigen status of each donor. Oligosaccharides in human milk represent a group of bioactive molecules that have evolved to be an abundant and diverse component of human milk, even though they have no direct nutritive value to the infant. A recent hypothesis proposes that they could be substrates for the development of the intestinal microflora and the mucosal immune system (PMID: 15629115, 11787695, 14530096, 17002410, 16277601, 11787692). Present in the free state in human milk
Neolactotetraose
Neolactotetraose (CAS: 13007-32-4), also known as lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnt), is a common oligosaccharide present in human breast milk. After lactose and lipids, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are quantitatively the third largest and most diverse component of breast milk. These small mass HMOs are selectively metabolized by select bifidobacterial strains and represent a potential new class of bioactive molecules functioning as prebiotics to facilitate protective gut colonization in breast-fed newborns. The oligosaccharide composition of human milk varies among individuals. The geographical origin of the donors is one of the factors that account for this variability. This can be explained by genetically determined traits that are not uniformly distributed (PMID: 10420591, 10697138, 1370278, 14533820, 16239538, 16441441, 17101655, 17372007, 1910009, 2452383, 2474254, 2988366, 3926023, 6083447, 6798116, 6874813, 8193150, 8416736, 9353017).
6'-Sialyllactose
Sialyllactose is an oligossaccharide found in both human breast milk and cows milk. It is the predominant sialylated component in milk. Sialyllactose has recently been shown to inhibit the infection of HIV-1 virus. Sialyllactose is also responsible for the inhibitory activity of milk on cholera toxin. [HMDB] Sialyllactose is an oligossaccharide found in both human breast milk and cows milk. It is the predominant sialylated component in milk. Sialyllactose has recently been shown to inhibit the infection of HIV-1 virus. Sialyllactose is also responsible for the inhibitory activity of milk on cholera toxin.
Lacto-N-fucopentaose III
Lacto-N-fucopentaose III is an oligosaccharide found in human milk. Oligosaccharides in human milk represent a group of bioactive molecules that have evolved to be an abundant and diverse component of human milk, even though they have no direct nutritive value to the infant. A recent hypothesis proposes that they could be substrates for the development of the intestinal microflora and the mucosal immune system. (PMID:17002410) [HMDB] Lacto-N-fucopentaose III is an oligosaccharide found in human milk. Oligosaccharides in human milk represent a group of bioactive molecules that have evolved to be an abundant and diverse component of human milk, even though they have no direct nutritive value to the infant. A recent hypothesis proposes that they could be substrates for the development of the intestinal microflora and the mucosal immune system. (PMID:17002410).
Lacto-N-difucohexaose
Lacto-N-difucohexaose (LDFH) is a fucosyloligosaccharide present in human milk and colostrum. Human colostrum is known to be important for the protection of infants against infection by pathogenic microorganisms. This protection is thought to be due, partially, to various neutral and acidic oligosaccharides that are present in colostrum and milk. Moderate-to-severe diarrhea of all causes occurs less often in infants whose milk contains high levels of total 2-linked fucosyloligosaccharides as a percent of milk oligosaccharide. Calicivirus diarrhea occurs less often in infants whose mothers milk contains high levels of LDFH. (PMID: 15343178, 17375110, 12568665) [HMDB] Lacto-N-difucohexaose (LDFH) is a fucosyloligosaccharide present in human milk and colostrum. Human colostrum is known to be important for the protection of infants against infection by pathogenic microorganisms. This protection is thought to be due, partially, to various neutral and acidic oligosaccharides that are present in colostrum and milk. Moderate-to-severe diarrhea of all causes occurs less often in infants whose milk contains high levels of total 2-linked fucosyloligosaccharides as a percent of milk oligosaccharide. Calicivirus diarrhea occurs less often in infants whose mothers milk contains high levels of LDFH. (PMID: 15343178, 17375110, 12568665).
3-Sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine
3-Sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine is a normal sialyloligosaccharide that is present in human biofluids, and is one of the predominant oligosaccharides in human urine as a free form. The presence of these compounds in the urine is linked to the biosynthesis and degradation of the body glycoproteins, glycolipids, and glycans. Under certain pathological conditions, the total urinary carbohydrate-material is increased dramatically, and the number and ratios of the components present are also increased. Many of these pathological disorders are the result of a deficiency in a specific exoglycosidase. 3-Sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine have a sialyl(a2-3) linkage and is of interest in view of the discovery of uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains with binding specificity for sialyl(a2-3)galactosides. (PMID: 2445744; 2775488; 3813552; 6619126; 6628386; 6628680; 6714239; 6746638; 7925342) [HMDB] 3-Sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine is a normal sialyloligosaccharide that is present in human biofluids, and is one of the predominant oligosaccharides in human urine as a free form. The presence of these compounds in the urine is linked to the biosynthesis and degradation of the body glycoproteins, glycolipids, and glycans. Under certain pathological conditions, the total urinary carbohydrate-material is increased dramatically, and the number and ratios of the components present are also increased. Many of these pathological disorders are the result of a deficiency in a specific exoglycosidase. 3-Sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine have a sialyl(a2-3) linkage and is of interest in view of the discovery of uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains with binding specificity for sialyl(a2-3)galactosides. (PMID: 2445744; 2775488; 3813552; 6619126; 6628386; 6628680; 6714239; 6746638; 7925342).
Lacto-N-hexaose
Lacto-N-hexaose is a branched hexasaccharide that has been isolated from human breast milk of a Lewis a positive donor (PMID: 3839799)
3'-Sialyl-3-fucosyllactose
3-Sialyl-3-fucosyllactose is a sialylated oligosaccharide of human milk. Neutral milk oligosaccharides vary among individuals and over the course of lactation. Sialylated oligosaccharides are important components of glycoproteins and glycolipids and also occur as free oligosaccharides in several body fluids. In human milk, both free and bound sialylated oligosaccharides have potential biological activity and are known to inhibit viral infection. (PMID:10683228) [HMDB] 3-Sialyl-3-fucosyllactose is a sialylated oligosaccharide of human milk. Neutral milk oligosaccharides vary among individuals and over the course of lactation. Sialylated oligosaccharides are important components of glycoproteins and glycolipids and also occur as free oligosaccharides in several body fluids. In human milk, both free and bound sialylated oligosaccharides have potential biological activity and are known to inhibit viral infection. (PMID:10683228).
Lacto-N-neohexaose
Lacto-N-neohexaose is a human milk oligosaccharide found in milk for the first time in 1972. (PMID: 4537310). It has also been found in feces of breast-fed infants. (PMID: 11787695). In industry a new fermentation process allows large-scale production this of human milk oligosaccharide (and others) by metabolically engineered bacteria. (PMID: 12042246). Lacto-N-neohexaose is a human milk oligosaccharide found in milk for the first time in 1972. (PMID: 4537310). It has also been found in feces of breast-fed infants. (PMID: 11787695)
Alpha-Heptasaccharide
Alpha-Heptasaccharide is a larger A-active oligosaccharide and its amount in milk is much less as compared to the amount present in feces. Alpha-Heptasaccharide might be the result of an intestinal metabolic modification. It has also been found in human urine (PMID:6513935, 1865282) [HMDB] Alpha-Heptasaccharide is a larger A-active oligosaccharide and its amount in milk is much less as compared to the amount present in feces. Alpha-Heptasaccharide might be the result of an intestinal metabolic modification. It has also been found in human urine (PMID:6513935, 1865282).
Monofucosyllacto-N-hexaose
Monofucosyllacto-N-hexaose II is an oligosaccharide characterized in breast milk and found in feces of breast-fed infants. The oligosaccharides profile in the feces is similar to that of the ingested milk. Approximately 40\\% to 50\\% of the total ingested oligosaccharides can be found in feces of breast-fed infants. (PMID: 11787695) [HMDB] Monofucosyllacto-N-hexaose II is an oligosaccharide characterized in breast milk and found in feces of breast-fed infants. The oligosaccharides profile in the feces is similar to that of the ingested milk. Approximately 40\\% to 50\\% of the total ingested oligosaccharides can be found in feces of breast-fed infants. (PMID: 11787695).
Difucosyl-para-N-hexaose
Difucosyl-para-N-hexaose is a difuco oligosaccharide-derivative of lacto-N-hexaose isolated from human breast milk. After lactose and lipids, human milk oligosaccharides are quantitatively the third largest and most diverse component of breast milk. Human colostrum is known to be important for the protection of infants against infection by pathogenic microorganisms. Their compositions are largely dependent on the blood type of the lactating mother. These oligosaccharides can be classified as either "acidic" or "neutral," depending on the presence or absence of sialic acid moieties. Moderate-to-severe diarrhea of all causes occurs less often in infants whose milk contains high levels of total 2-linked fucosyloligosaccharides as a percent of milk oligosaccharide. (PMID: 17915960, 11273599, 3401331, 11273599, 7574700; 8953162; 3839799, 9458328) [HMDB] Difucosyl-para-N-hexaose is a difuco oligosaccharide-derivative of lacto-N-hexaose isolated from human breast milk. After lactose and lipids, human milk oligosaccharides are quantitatively the third largest and most diverse component of breast milk. Human colostrum is known to be important for the protection of infants against infection by pathogenic microorganisms. Their compositions are largely dependent on the blood type of the lactating mother. These oligosaccharides can be classified as either "acidic" or "neutral," depending on the presence or absence of sialic acid moieties. Moderate-to-severe diarrhea of all causes occurs less often in infants whose milk contains high levels of total 2-linked fucosyloligosaccharides as a percent of milk oligosaccharide. (PMID: 17915960, 11273599, 3401331, 11273599, 7574700; 8953162; 3839799, 9458328).
Difucosyllactohexaose
Difucosyllactohexaose is a fucosyloligosaccharide present in human milk and colostrum. Human colostrum is known to be important for the protection of infants against infection by pathogenic microorganisms. This protection is thought to be due, partially, to various neutral and acidic oligosaccharides that are present in colostrum and milk. Moderate-to-severe diarrhea of all causes occurs less often in infants whose milk contains high levels of total 2-linked fucosyloligosaccharides as a percent of milk oligosaccharide. Calicivirus diarrhea occurs less often in infants whose mothers milk contains high levels of fucosyloligosaccharides. (PMID: 16289347, 11273599, 3401331, 15343178, 17375110, 12568665) [HMDB] Difucosyllactohexaose is a fucosyloligosaccharide present in human milk and colostrum. Human colostrum is known to be important for the protection of infants against infection by pathogenic microorganisms. This protection is thought to be due, partially, to various neutral and acidic oligosaccharides that are present in colostrum and milk. Moderate-to-severe diarrhea of all causes occurs less often in infants whose milk contains high levels of total 2-linked fucosyloligosaccharides as a percent of milk oligosaccharide. Calicivirus diarrhea occurs less often in infants whose mothers milk contains high levels of fucosyloligosaccharides. (PMID: 16289347, 11273599, 3401331, 15343178, 17375110, 12568665).
Difucosyllacto-N-hexaose b
Difucosyllacto-N-hexaose b is a fucosyl-oligosaccharide from human breast milk. For several years biochemical studies on the carbohydrate composition of human milk have concerned only the dosage of lactose. In fact, even though oligosaccharides had already been identified at the end of the 19th century, the methods available at that time did not allow further data to be obtained on their precise amounts. The availability of more advanced techniques has recently made it possible to establish the precise amount of oligosaccharides in human milk during the different phases of lactation. The results obtained so far have quantified the concentration of such substances at 20 to 23 g l-1 in colostrum and 12 to 14 g l-1 in mature milk; thus, from the quantitative point of view, oligosaccharides represent the third component of human milk, following lactose and lipids. However, even though improvements have been made regarding the total amount of oligosaccharides, knowledge on the amount of each oligosaccharide in human milk remains inadequate. From the biochemical point of view, such substances result from the sequential addition of monosaccharides to the molecule of lactose, by specific glycosyltransferases of the mammary gland. In particular, monosaccharidic units represented by fucose (Fuc), galactose (Gal), N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNac) and sialic acid (NANA) are added to lactose, forming oligosaccharides of different dimensions, with a linear or ramified molecular structure. Such a synthetic process leads to the formation of a significant number of oligosaccharides. More than 80 oligosaccharides have already been identified which, on the basis of their chemical composition, can be classified as follows: (i) "core" oligosaccharides, made up of Glc, Gal and GlcNac, representing the starting structures for the synthesis of more complex oligosaccharides; (ii) fucosyl-oligosaccharides, deriving from the addition to the core of one or more molecules of Fuc; (iii) sialyloligosaccharides, resulting from the addition to the core of one or more molecules of NANA; and (iv) sialylfucosyl-oligosaccharides, containing both Fuc and NANA. The presence and the quantity of different types of oligosaccharides in human milk are genetically determined and closely related to the secretor state A, B, H and Lewis, with significant differences among the different genotypes. The most common phenotype, present in 70\\% of the general population, is represented by subjects expressing both the secretor and Lewis gene. The milk produced by these mothers is the richest in oligosaccharides. It is evidently difficult to analyse oligosaccharides of human milk as they are numerous and have a particularly complex structure. The data available until now demonstrate that the majority of human milk oligosaccharides is made up of molecules with three to nine monosaccharidic units (trisaccharides to nonasaccharides). (PMID:10569230). Difucosyllacto-N-hexaose b is a fucosyl-oligosaccharide from human breast milk. For several years biochemical studies on the carbohydrate composition of human milk have concerned only the dosage of lactose. In fact, even though oligosaccharides had already been identified at the end of the 19th century, the methods available at that time did not allow further data to be obtained on their precise amounts.
Fucosyllactose
Fucosyllactose is an oligosaccharide in human milk that may serve as an anti-inflammatory component and might therefore contribute to the lower incidence of inflammatory diseases in human milk-fed infants. (PMID 15583750) [HMDB] Fucosyllactose is an oligosaccharide in human milk that may serve as an anti-inflammatory component and might therefore contribute to the lower incidence of inflammatory diseases in human milk-fed infants. (PMID 15583750).
Trifucosyllacto-N-hexaose
Trifucosyllacto-N-hexaose is a nonasaccharide isolated from human milk. It is assumed that it only occurs in the milk of donors with Le/Se phenotype, according to the enzymatic and genetic basis for the expression of the Lewis blood group antigens. (PMID: 2535482) [HMDB] Trifucosyllacto-N-hexaose is a nonasaccharide isolated from human milk. It is assumed that it only occurs in the milk of donors with Le/Se phenotype, according to the enzymatic and genetic basis for the expression of the Lewis blood group antigens. (PMID: 2535482).
Neu5Ac(2->3)Gal(1->4)GlcNAc(1->2) Man(1->3)Neu5Ac(2->3)Gal(1->4)GlcNAc(1->2)Man(1->6)Man(1->4)GlcNAc(1->4)GlcNAc
Neu5Ac(2->3)Gal(1->4)GlcNAc(1->2) Man(1->3)Neu5Ac(2->3)Gal(1->4)GlcNAc(1->2)Man(1->6)Man(1->4)GlcNAc(1->4)GlcNAc is a glycan that has been found in proteins derived from human fibrinogen, in human serum alpha-fetoprotein, in Inter-alpha-inhibitor (I-alpha-I is a serine proteinase inhibitor found in high concentartions in human plasma), in human alpha1-acid glycoprotein and many others. (PMID: 16013856, 10584881, 9425062) [HMDB] Neu5Ac(2->3)Gal(1->4)GlcNAc(1->2) Man(1->3)Neu5Ac(2->3)Gal(1->4)GlcNAc(1->2)Man(1->6)Man(1->4)GlcNAc(1->4)GlcNAc is a glycan that has been found in proteins derived from human fibrinogen, in human serum alpha-fetoprotein, in Inter-alpha-inhibitor (I-alpha-I is a serine proteinase inhibitor found in high concentartions in human plasma), in human alpha1-acid glycoprotein and many others. (PMID: 16013856, 10584881, 9425062).
Lacto-N-fucoheptaose
Lacto-N-fucoheptaose is a heptasaccharide found in human breast milk. It contains D(+)-galactose, D(+)-glucose, L(-)-fucose and N-acetyl-D(+)-glucosamine in a 3 : 1 : 1 : 2 ratio. The glucose residue is at the reducing end of the oligosaccharide. Milk oligosaccharides vary among individuals and over the course of lactation. Oligosaccharides are important components of glycoproteins and glycolipids and also occur as free oligosaccharides in several body fluids. In human milk, both free and bound oligosaccharides have potential biological activity and are known to inhibit viral infection. (PMID: 10744332, 7138030, 1132510) [HMDB] Lacto-N-fucoheptaose is a heptasaccharide found in human breast milk. It contains D(+)-galactose, D(+)-glucose, L(-)-fucose and N-acetyl-D(+)-glucosamine in a 3 : 1 : 1 : 2 ratio. The glucose residue is at the reducing end of the oligosaccharide. Milk oligosaccharides vary among individuals and over the course of lactation. Oligosaccharides are important components of glycoproteins and glycolipids and also occur as free oligosaccharides in several body fluids. In human milk, both free and bound oligosaccharides have potential biological activity and are known to inhibit viral infection. (PMID: 10744332, 7138030, 1132510).
Disialyllacto-N-hexaose I
Disialyllacto-N-hexaose I is a sialylated oligosaccharide of human milk. Neutral milk oligosaccharides vary among individuals and over the course of lactation. Sialylated oligosaccharides are important components of glycoproteins and glycolipids and also occur as free oligosaccharides in several body fluids. In human milk, both free and bound sialylated oligosaccharides have potential biological activity and are known to inhibit viral infection. (PMID: 10683228, 1778981) [HMDB] Disialyllacto-N-hexaose I is a sialylated oligosaccharide of human milk. Neutral milk oligosaccharides vary among individuals and over the course of lactation. Sialylated oligosaccharides are important components of glycoproteins and glycolipids and also occur as free oligosaccharides in several body fluids. In human milk, both free and bound sialylated oligosaccharides have potential biological activity and are known to inhibit viral infection. (PMID: 10683228, 1778981).
p-Lacto-N-octaose
Para-Lacto-N-octaose is a core octasaccharide of human milk determined by a combination of proton NMR spectroscopy and fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry. (PMID: 8344303) [HMDB] Para-Lacto-N-octaose is a core octasaccharide of human milk determined by a combination of proton NMR spectroscopy and fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry. (PMID: 8344303).
Difucosyllacto-N-hexaose
Difucosyllacto-N-hexaose is an octasaccharide antigen isolated from human milk. Human colostrum is known to be important for the protection of infants against infection by pathogenic microorganisms. Human milk contains numerous oligosaccharides. Their compositions are largely dependent on the blood type of the lactating mother. These oligosaccharides can be classified as either "acidic" or "neutral," depending on the presence or absence of sialic acid moieties. Moderate-to-severe diarrhea of all causes occurs less often in infants whose milk contains high levels of total 2-linked fucosyloligosaccharides as a percent of milk oligosaccharide. Calicivirus diarrhea occurs less often in infants whose mothers milk contains high levels of fucosyloligosaccharides. (PMID: 16289347, 11273599, 3401331, 11273599) [HMDB] Difucosyllacto-N-hexaose is an octasaccharide antigen isolated from human milk. Human colostrum is known to be important for the protection of infants against infection by pathogenic microorganisms. Human milk contains numerous oligosaccharides. Their compositions are largely dependent on the blood type of the lactating mother. These oligosaccharides can be classified as either "acidic" or "neutral," depending on the presence or absence of sialic acid moieties. Moderate-to-severe diarrhea of all causes occurs less often in infants whose milk contains high levels of total 2-linked fucosyloligosaccharides as a percent of milk oligosaccharide. Calicivirus diarrhea occurs less often in infants whose mothers milk contains high levels of fucosyloligosaccharides. (PMID: 16289347, 11273599, 3401331, 11273599).
Lex-lactose
Lacto-N-fucopentaose III (LNFPIII) is a polylactosamine sugar, predominant carbohydrate found in S. mansoni egg Ag. Lewis type carbohydrate LNFPIII can function as an adjuvant by their ability to induce a Th2 response (PMID:11418681). LNFPIII/LeX is also expressed by immunosuppressive helminth parasites, by bacteria, and on a number of tumor/cancer cells. According to Atochina et al., LNFPIII-stimulated macrophages secrete prostaglandin E(2), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) but a very low level of IL-12. Interestingly, addition of anti-TNF-alpha, anti-IL-10, or anti-IL-12 monoclonal antibodies did not significantly alter NK cell activity. It shows that soluble mediators are not critical for LNFPIII-stimulated macrophage activation of NK cells and provide further evidence for the importance of cell-cell contact and CD40-CD40L interactions between macrophages and NK cells. (PMID:16148169). Lacto-N-fucopentaose III (LNFPIII) is a polylactosamine sugar, predominant carbohydrate found in S. mansoni egg Ag. Lewis type carbohydrate LNFPIII can function as an adjuvant by their ability to induce a Th2 response (PMID:11418681)
Alpha-D-Manp-(1 -> 2)-a-D-Manp-(1 -> 2)-a-D-Manp-(1 -> 3)-b-D-Manp-(1 -> 4)-D-GlcNAcp
alpha-D-Manp-(1->2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1->2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1->3)-beta-D-Manp-(1->4)-D-GlcNAcp is a pentasaccharide found in the urine of patients with mannosidosis (PMID: 953057). It is a glycan structure of human milk glycoprotein glycopeptides (PMID: 6698017). This oligosaccharide is derived from high-mannose and different complex and hybrid asparagine-linked glycans and from the storage products in alpha-mannosidosis. The human liver lysosomal alpha-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.24) enzyme that specifically hydrolyzes all alpha(1-2)-, alpha(1-3)- and alpha(1-6)-mannosidic linkages in these glycans. (PMID: 1872811) [HMDB] Alpha-D-Manp-(1 -> 2)-a-D-Manp-(1 -> 2)-a-D-Manp-(1 -> 3)-b-D-Manp-(1 -> 4)-D-GlcNAcp is a pentasaccharide found in the urine of patients with mannosidosis (PMID: 953057). It is a glycan structure of human milk glycoprotein glycopeptides (PMID: 6698017). This oligosaccharide is derived from high-mannose and different complex and hybrid asparagine-linked glycans and from the storage products in alpha-mannosidosis. The human liver lysosomal alpha-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.24) enzyme that specifically hydrolyzes all alpha(1-2)-, alpha(1-3)- and alpha(1-6)-mannosidic linkages in these glycans. (PMID: 1872811).
Lacto-N-fucopentaose V
Lacto-N-fucopentaose V is an oligosaccharide found in human milk and other biofluids. Oligosaccharides in human milk represent a group of bioactive molecules that have evolved to be an abundant and diverse component of human milk, even though they have no direct nutritive value to the infant. A recent hypothesis proposes that they could be substrates for the development of the intestinal microflora and the mucosal immune system. Oligosaccharides of the blood group family decorate diverse glycoproteins and glycolipids on the surface of cells. (PMID: 17002410, 16954962, 1802622, 3927775, 6638472) [HMDB] Lacto-N-fucopentaose V is an oligosaccharide found in human milk and other biofluids. Oligosaccharides in human milk represent a group of bioactive molecules that have evolved to be an abundant and diverse component of human milk, even though they have no direct nutritive value to the infant. A recent hypothesis proposes that they could be substrates for the development of the intestinal microflora and the mucosal immune system. Oligosaccharides of the blood group family decorate diverse glycoproteins and glycolipids on the surface of cells. (PMID: 17002410, 16954962, 1802622, 3927775, 6638472).
1,4-b-D-Mannan
Mannan is a polymer of mannose, linked by 1->4 beta linkages. It is an intermediate in Fructose and mannose metabolism (KEGG:C00464). It is generated from GDP-D-mannose via the enzyme transferases [EC 2.4.1.-] and is then converted to D-mannose via the enzyme mannan 1,2-(1,3)-alpha-mannosidase [EC 3.2.1.77]. 1,4-beta-D-Mannan is involved in the fructose and mannose metabolism system. 1,4-beta-D-Mannan is produced from GDP-D-mannose by the action of [E2.4.1.-]. 1,4-beta-D-Mannan is converted to D-mannose by mannan endo-1,4-beta-mannosidase [EC:3.2.1.78]. An example structure is given, and Mannan is a polymer that can contain more than 10 individual sugars. Mannan is a polymer of mannose, linked by 1->4 beta linkages. It is an intermediate in Fructose and mannose metabolism (KEGG:C00464). It is generated from GDP-D-mannose via the enzyme transferases [EC 2.4.1.-] and is then converted to D-mannose via the enzyme mannan 1,2-(1,3)-alpha-mannosidase
Dextrin
Dextrin, derived from dextrose (glucose), is a low-molecular-weight polysaccharide produced from the hydrolysis of starch or glycogen using enzymes such as amylases or via malting/mashing. Dextrin or dextrins are mixtures of polymers of D-glucose units linked by α-(1→4) or α-(1→6) glycosidic bonds. Dextrin is used in adhesives and sizing agents for the textile and paper industry. It is also used in many glue products due to its adhesive properties. Three forms of dextrins are now available; white dextrins, yellow (or canary) dextrins, and British gums (PMID: 19215668). Yellow dextrins are used s water-soluble glues and as printing thickeners or binders in paint. White dextrins are used as crispness enhancers in food batters, coatings and glazes. White dextrin is also used as a thickening and binding agent in pharmaceuticals and paper coatings. Dextrin is considered a prebiotic as it promotes healthy intestinal flora (PMID: 22429361). Dextrin has been reported to help maintain healthy cholesterol levels by reducing triglycerides (PMID: 16457989). Moreover, it eliminates wastes from the body through increased bowel movement frequency (PMID: 23326148). Dextrin can be used in combination with other dietary fibers to reduce the glycemic load of a meal, thereby helping to maintain healthy blood sugar levels (PMID: 19126874, 25024710). Binder, colloid stabiliser and other uses in food, oral dietary supplement
Maltodecaose
Maltodecaose is a polysaccharide with 10 units of glucose and belongs to maltodextrins. Maltodextrin is a polysaccharide that is used as a food additive. It is produced from starch by partial hydrolysis and is usually found as a creamy-white hygroscopic spraydried powder. Maltodextrin is easily digestible, being absorbed as rapidly as glucose, and might be either moderately sweet or almost flavorless. It is commonly used for the production of natural sodas and candy such as SweeTarts. Maltodextrin consists of D-glucose units connected in chains of variable length. The glucose units are primarily linked with a(1→4) glycosidic bonds. Maltodextrin is typically composed of a mixture of chains that vary from three to nineteen glucose units long. Maltodextrins are classified by DE (dextrose equivalent) and have a DE between 3 to 20. (The higher the DE value, the shorter the glucose chains, the higher the sweetness and the higher the solubility.) Above DE 20, the European Unions CN code calls it glucose syrup, at DE 10 or lower the customs CN code nomenclature classifies maltodextrins as dextrins. Maltodecaose is a polysaccharide with 10 units of glucose and belongs to maltodextrins. Maltodextrin are polysaccharides used as food additives. It is produced from starch by partial hydrolysis and is usually found as a creamy-white hygroscopic spraydried powder. Maltodextrin is easily digestible, being absorbed as rapidly as glucose, and might be either moderately sweet or almost flavorless. It is commonly used for the production of natural sodas and candy such as SweeTarts.Maltodextrin consists of D-glucose units connected in chains of variable length. The glucose units are primarily linked with alpha(1->4) glycosidic bonds. Maltodextrin is typically composed of a mixture of chains that vary from three to nineteen glucose units long. [HMDB]
Maltononaose
Maltodecaose is a polysaccharide with 9 units of glucose and belongs to maltodextrins. Maltodextrin is a polysaccharide that is used as a food additive. It is produced from starch by partial hydrolysis and is usually found as a creamy-white hygroscopic spraydried powder. Maltodextrin is easily digestible, being absorbed as rapidly as glucose, and might be either moderately sweet or almost flavorless. It is commonly used for the production of natural sodas and candy such as SweeTarts. Maltodextrin consists of D-glucose units connected in chains of variable length. The glucose units are primarily linked with a(1→4) glycosidic bonds. Maltodextrin is typically composed of a mixture of chains that vary from three to nineteen glucose units long. Maltodextrins are classified by DE (dextrose equivalent) and have a DE between 3 to 20. (The higher the DE value, the shorter the glucose chains, the higher the sweetness and the higher the solubility.) Above DE 20, the European Unions CN code calls it glucose syrup, at DE 10 or lower the customs CN code nomenclature classifies maltodextrins as dextrins. Maltodecaose is a polysaccharide with 9 units of glucose and belongs to maltodextrins
Xanthan
Xanthan is an emulsion stabilizing and gelling agent Since xanthan gum is sometimes produced by a bacterium that is fed corn to grow, some people allergic to corn may also react to it[citation needed]. Yellow Phrygian Husk is a common source of bacterium in which xanthan gum is created. However, some xanthan gum is not corn-derived. Xanthan gum is a common ingredient in fake blood recipes, and in Gunge. Xanthan gum is a polysaccharide used as a food additive and rheology modifier. It is produced by fermentation of glucose or sucrose by the Xanthomonas campestris bacterium D000074385 - Food Ingredients > D005503 - Food Additives
Scleroglucan
Lentinan is found in mushrooms. Elaborated by the fungus Lentinus edodes (shiitake) Lentinan is a beta-glucan with a glycosidic -1,3: -1,6 linkage. It is an anti-tumor polysaccharide from the shiitake (Lentinula edodes) mushroom. Lentinan is a polysaccharide which is free of nitrogen, and has a molecular weight of approximently 500,000 Da. Lentinan is one of the host-mediated anti-cancer drugs which has been shown to affect host defense immune systems
Simonin I
Constituent of the roots of Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato). Simonin I is found in root vegetables and potato. Simonin I is found in potato. Simonin I is a constituent of the roots of Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato)
Simonin V
Constituent of Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato). Simonin V is found in root vegetables and potato. Simonin V is found in potato. Simonin V is a constituent of Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato)
Loquatifolin A
Loquatifolin A is found in fruits. Loquatifolin A is a constituent of Eriobotrya japonica (loquat) Constituent of Eriobotrya japonica (loquat). Loquatifolin A is found in loquat and fruits.
Cellulose triacetate
(C12H16O8)nC28H38O19 (2881235.2522)
Cellulose triacetate (triacetate, CTA, or TAC) is a chemical compound produced from cellulose and is a source of acetate esters, typically acetic anhydride. Cellulose triacetate is commonly used for the creation of fibres and film base. It is chemically similar to cellulose acetate. Its distinguishing characteristic is that at least 92 percent of the hydroxyl groups are acetylated. During the manufacture of cellulose triacetate, the cellulose is completely acetylated whereas in normal cellulose acetate or cellulose diacetate, it is only partially acetylated. Cellulose triacetate is significantly more heat-resistant than cellulose acetate (Wikipedia). Cellulose triacetate is used as a food additive (EAFUS: Everything Added to Food in the United States). It is used as a food additive .
Hydroxypropyl cellulose
(C8H14O6)nC20H38O15 (2061102.486)
Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) is a derivative of cellulose with both water solubility and organic solubility in which some of the hydroxyl groups in the repeating glucose units have been hydroxypropylated (Wikipedia). Hydroxypropyl cellulose acts to stabilize and thicken the precorneal tear film and prolong the tear film breakup time which is usually accelerated in patients with dry eye states. Hydroxypropyl cellulose also acts to lubricate and protect the eye. Hydroxypropyl cellulose usually reduces the signs and symptoms resulting from moderate to severe dry eye syndromes such as conjunctival hyperemia, corneal and conjunctival staining with rose bengal, exudation, itching, burning, foreign body sensation, smarting, photophobia, dryness, and blurred or cloudy vision. Progressive visual deterioration which occurs in some patients may be retarded, halted, or sometimes reversed. Hydroxypropyl cellulose (cellulose, 2-hydroxypropyl ether) is a derivative of cellulose with both water solubility and organic solubility. Hydroxypropyl cellulose acts to stabilize and thicken the precorneal tear film and prolong the tear film breakup time which is usually accelerated in patients with dry eye states. Hydroxypropyl cellulose also acts to lubricate and protect the eye. Hydroxypropyl cellulose usually reduces the signs and symptoms resulting from moderate to severe dry eye syndromes, such as conjunctival hyperemia, corneal and conjunctival staining with rose bengal, exudation, itching, burning, foreign body sensation, smarting, photophobia, dryness and blurred or cloudy vision. Progressive visual deterioration which occurs in some patients may be retarded, halted, or sometimes reversed.
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
(C9H16O6)nC20H38O14 (2201228.9675)
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC or hypromellose) is a derivative of cellulose in which some of the hydroxyl groups in the repeating glucose units have been methoxylated or hydroxypropylated. HPMC is a thickening and binding agent approved for food use in the USA and the EU. As a food additive, HPMC is an emulsifier, thickening and suspending agent, and an alternative to animal gelatin. HPMC is used in deep fried batter. Its Codex Alimentarius code (E number) is E464. Since HPMC solution is a non-Newtonian solution and exhibits pseudoplastic behaviour (specifically, thixotropic behaviour) various test methods are available, and the results of different methods and viscometers do not necessarily correspond to each other. Due to viscometer acceptable ranges of error, the viscosity is typically given as a mean or as a range. The degree of substitution is the average level of methoxy substitution on the cellulose chain. Since there is a maximum of three possible sites of substitution with each cellulose molecule, this average value is a real number between 0 and 3. However, the degree of substitution is often expressed in percentages. Hypromellose (INN) is a semisynthetic, inert, viscoelastic polymer used as an ophthalmic lubricant, as well as an excipient and controlled-delivery component in oral medicaments, found in a variety of commercial products. Hypromellose is a solid and slightly off-white to beige powder and may be formed into granules. The compound forms colloids when dissolved in water. Although non-toxic, it is combustible and can react vigorously with oxidizing agents. Hypromellose solutions were patented as a semisynthetic substitute for tear-film. Its molecular structure is predicated upon a base celluloid compound that is highly water-soluble. Post-application, celluloid attributes of good water-solubility reportedly aid in visual clarity. When applied, a hypromellose solution acts to swell and absorb water, thereby expanding the thickness of the tear-film. Hypromellose augmentation therefore results in extended lubricant time presence on the cornea, which theoretically results in decreased eye irritation, especially in dry climates, home, or work environments. On a molecular level, this polymer contains beta-linked D-glucose units that remain metabolically intact for days to weeks. On a manufacturing note, since hypromellose is a vegetarian substitute for gelatin, it is slightly more expensive to produce due to semisynthetic manufacturing processes. Aside from its widespread commercial and retail availability over the counter in a variety of products, hypromellose 2\\% solution has been documented to be used during surgery to aid in corneal protection and during orbital surgery (Wikipedia). Thickening and binding agent approved for food use in USA and EU. It is used in deep fried batters
3'-Hydroxy-T2-triol
3-Hydroxy-T2-triol is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium heterosporu
Neobifurcose
Neobifurcose is found in cereals and cereal products. Neobifurcose is isolated from cereals. Isolated from cereals. Neobifurcose is found in cereals and cereal products.
4-O-beta-Laminaribiosyl-D-glucose
4-O-beta-Laminaribiosyl-D-glucose (CAS: 32581-38-7), also known as beta-glucotriose, is found in cereals and cereal products. 4-O-beta-Laminaribiosyl-D-glucose is present in the partial acid hydrolysates of oat beta-glucan. Present in the partial acid hydrolysates of oat b-glucan. 4-beta-Laminaribiosylglucose is found in cereals and cereal products.
b-D-Glucopyranuronosyl-(1->3)-a-D-galactopyranuronosyl-(1->2)-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->4)-[b-D-glucopyranuronosyl-(1->3)]-a-D-galactopyranuronosyl-(1->2)-L-rhamnopyranose
b-D-Glucopyranuronosyl-(1->3)-a-D-galactopyranuronosyl-(1->2)-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->4)-[b-D-glucopyranuronosyl-(1->3)]-a-D-galactopyranuronosyl-(1->2)-L-rhamnopyranose is found in green vegetables. b-D-Glucopyranuronosyl-(1->3)-a-D-galactopyranuronosyl-(1->2)-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->4)-[b-D-glucopyranuronosyl-(1->3)]-a-D-galactopyranuronosyl-(1->2)-L-rhamnopyranose is isolated from the hydrolysate of the mucilage in the roots of Abelmoschus manihot (aibika) and Althaea officinalis (marsh mallow). Isolated from the hydrolysate of the mucilage in the roots of Abelmoschus manihot (aibika) and Althaea officinalis (marsh mallow). b-D-Glucopyranuronosyl-(1->3)-a-D-galactopyranuronosyl-(1->2)-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->4)-[b-D-glucopyranuronosyl-(1->3)]-a-D-galactopyranuronosyl-(1->2)-L-rhamnopyranose is found in many foods, some of which are herbs and spices, tea, green vegetables, and root vegetables.
Lacto-N-triose I
Lacto-N-triose I is found in milk and milk products. Lacto-N-triose I is isolated from the partial acid hydrolysis of human milk. Isolated from the partial acid hydrolysis of human milk. Lacto-N-triose I is found in milk and milk products.
a-L-Arabinofuranosyl-(1->2)-[a-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->6)]-D-mannose
Residue present in tomato oligosaccharides. a-L-Arabinofuranosyl-(1->2)-[a-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->6)]-D-mannose is found in garden tomato. a-L-Arabinofuranosyl-(1->2)-[a-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->6)]-D-mannose is found in garden tomato. Residue present in tomato oligosaccharides.
Fagopyritol A3
Fagopyritol A3 is found in cereals and cereal products. Fagopyritol A3 is a constituent of Fagopyrum esculentum (buckwheat). Constituent of Fagopyrum esculentum (buckwheat). Fagopyritol A3 is found in cereals and cereal products.
(3x,5x,10x)-9,10-Didehydroisohumbertiol O-[rhamnosyl-(1->4)-rhamnosyl-(1->2)-[rhamnosyl-(1->6)]-glucoside]
(3x,5x,10x)-9,10-Didehydroisohumbertiol O-[rhamnosyl-(1->4)-rhamnosyl-(1->2)-[rhamnosyl-(1->6)]-glucoside] is found in fruits. (3x,5x,10x)-9,10-Didehydroisohumbertiol O-[rhamnosyl-(1->4)-rhamnosyl-(1->2)-[rhamnosyl-(1->6)]-glucoside] is a constituent of Eriobotrya japonica (loquat). Constituent of Eriobotrya japonica (loquat). (3x,5x,10x)-9,10-Didehydroisohumbertiol O-[rhamnosyl-(1->4)-rhamnosyl-(1->2)-[rhamnosyl-(1->6)]-glucoside] is found in fruits.
(3x,5x,10x)-9,10-Didehydroisohumbertiol O-[rhamnopyranosyl-(1->4)-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-[(E)-feruloyl-(->4)-rhamnosyl-(1->6)]-glucoside]
(3x,5x,10x)-9,10-Didehydroisohumbertiol O-[rhamnopyranosyl-(1->4)-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-[(E)-feruloyl-(->4)-rhamnosyl-(1->6)]-glucoside] is found in fruits. (3x,5x,10x)-9,10-Didehydroisohumbertiol O-[rhamnopyranosyl-(1->4)-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-[(E)-feruloyl-(->4)-rhamnosyl-(1->6)]-glucoside] is a constituent of Eriobotrya japonica (loquat). Constituent of Eriobotrya japonica (loquat). (3x,5x,10x)-9,10-Didehydroisohumbertiol O-[rhamnopyranosyl-(1->4)-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-[(E)-feruloyl-(->4)-rhamnosyl-(1->6)]-glucoside] is found in fruits.
Acemannan
Acemannan is a constituent of leaf juice of Aloe barbadensis. Acemannan is used in flavouring As noted from its structure, Acemannan is a mucopolysaccharide with mannoacetate as the monomer linked by -1,4- glycosidic linkages (3,6). This polymer is hydrophilic: 50 hydrogen bond acceptors, 19 hydrogen bond donors and logP of -3.27. Therefore, it s permeability (and hence bioavailability) has been scored to be 1 according to Lipinsky s rule of five (4) Constituent of leaf juice of Aloe barbadensis. It is used in flavouring
(S)-Nerolidol 3-O-[a-L-Rhamnopyranosyl-(1->4)-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-[4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamoyl)-(E)-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->6)]-b-D-glucopyranoside]
(S)-Nerolidol 3-O-[a-L-Rhamnopyranosyl-(1->4)-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-[4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamoyl)-(E)-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->6)]-b-D-glucopyranoside] is found in fruits. (S)-Nerolidol 3-O-[a-L-Rhamnopyranosyl-(1->4)-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-[4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamoyl)-(E)-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->6)]-b-D-glucopyranoside] is a constituent of Eriobotrya japonica (loquat). Constituent of Eriobotrya japonica (loquat). (S)-Nerolidol 3-O-[a-L-Rhamnopyranosyl-(1->4)-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-[4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamoyl)-(E)-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->6)]-b-D-glucopyranoside] is found in fruits.
b-D-Xylopyranosyl-(1->4)-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-L-arabinose
b-D-Xylopyranosyl-(1->4)-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-L-arabinose is found in fruits. b-D-Xylopyranosyl-(1->4)-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-L-arabinose is a constituent of Acutosides from Luffa acutangula (Chinese okra). Constituent of Acutosides from Luffa acutangula (Chinese okra). b-D-Xylopyranosyl-(1->4)-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-L-arabinose is found in fruits.
beta-D-Galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-2-amino-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-D-mannose
beta-D-Galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-2-amino-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-D-mannose is a constituent of blood group substance of human milk. Constituent of blood group substance of human milk
beta-D-Xylopyranosyl-(1->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-D-fucose
beta-D-Xylopyranosyl-(1->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-D-fucose is a constituent of desacylsaponins from the bark of Quillaja saponaria (soapbark tree). Constituent of desacylsaponins from the bark of Quillaja saponaria (soap-bark tree)
N-Acetylgalactosaminyl lactose
N-Acetylgalactosaminyl lactose is a trisaccharide obtained from bovine colostrum. A trisaccharide obtained from bovine colostrum
Sesaminol 2-O-triglucoside
Sesaminol 2-O-triglucoside is a polyphenol metabolite detected in biological fluids (PMID: 20428313).
Maltooctaose
Maltooctaose (G8) is a polysaccharide formed from 8 units of glucose joined with an alpha(1-4) bond, fromed from a condensation reaction. The isomer isomaltose has two glucose molecules linked through an alpha(1-6) bond.
β-L-IdoA2S-(1→4)-α-D-GlcNAc3S-(1→4)-β-D-GlcA(1→3)-β-D-Gal(1→3)-β-D-Gal(1→4)-D-Xyl
IdoA2S(beta1-4)GlcNAc3S(alpha1-4)GlcA(beta1-3)Gal(beta1-3)Gal(beta1-4)Xyl is a hexasaccharide comprised of an L-iduronic acid residue sulfated on O-2, an N-acetylated galactosamine residue sulfated on O-3, a glucuronic acid residue, and two galactose residues linked to a xylose residue at the reducing end.
α-D-GlcNAc3S-(1→4)-β-D-GlcA(1→3)-β-D-Gal(1→3)-β-D-Gal(1→4)-D-Xyl
GlcNAc3S(alpha1-4)GlcA(beta1-3)Gal(beta1-3)Gal(beta1-4)Xyl is a pentasaccharide comprised of an N-acetylated galactosamine residue sulfated on O-3, a glucuronic acid residue, and two galactose residues linked to a xylose residue at the reducing end.
β-L-IdoA-(1→4)-α-D-GlcNAc3S-(1→4)-β-D-GlcA(1→3)-β-D-Gal(1→3)-β-D-Gal(1→4)-D-Xyl
IdoA(beta1-4)GlcNAc3S(alpha1-4)GlcA(beta1-3)Gal(beta1-3)Gal(beta1-4)Xyl is a hexasaccharide comprised of an L-iduronic acid residue, an N-acetylated galactosamine residue sulfated on O-3, a glucuronic acid residue, and two galactose residues linked to a xylose residue at the reducing end.
Cyclohexaamylose
Cnp-maltotrioside
Heptakis(2,6-di-O-methyl)-beta-cyclodextrin
DE-beta-Cyd
2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl a-D-maltotrioside
Alphagal1-3betaGal1-4Gal
4-Nitrophenyl maltopentaoside
4'-Galactooligosaccharide
4-Nitrophenyl maltoheptaoside
Blood group A antigen type 2
alpha-D-GalpNAc-(1->3)-[alpha-L-Fucp-(1->2)]-D-Galp
O-alpha-D-Mannopyranosyl-(1-4)-O-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-(1-4)-alpha-D-mannopyranose
Amioca
Angoroside C
Aureolic acid
Avilamycin
Blood group B trisaccharide
B Lewis b
Blood group B type 1 tetrasaccharide
Carboxymethyl chitosan
Cellopentaose
chromomycin a3
Core oligosaccharide
Echinacoside
Evernimicin
F1alpha
Forsythoside B
gailiapenta
Gal-alpha1,4Gal-beta1,4-GlcNAc
Galactoarabinan
Gangliotetraose
Glucomannan
Xyloglucan Heptasaccharide
Hetastarch
D001697 - Biomedical and Dental Materials
Hexyl-agarose
HP-beta-CD
hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin
Lentinan
D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents D007155 - Immunologic Factors
beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-D-Glc
Methyl beta-cyclodextrin
Methylcellulose
alpha-L-Fucp-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Manp-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Manp-(1->6)]-[beta-D-Xylp-(1->2)]-beta-D-Manp-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1->4)]-D-GlcpNAc
Bromelain
N-succinyl-chitosan
Neoagarotetraose
Nitrocellulose
D001697 - Biomedical and Dental Materials > D014014 - Tissue Adhesives D053834 - Explosive Agents
Hypromellosum
Pgg-glucan
Phenyl-agarose
Schizophyllan
Sepharose 4b
Starch, acetate
Sugammadex
V - Various > V03 - All other therapeutic products > V03A - All other therapeutic products > V03AB - Antidotes
Syrups, hydrolyzed starch, hydrogenated
Tetraglucoside
Triacetyl-beta-cyclodextrin
Trimethyl-beta-cyclodextrin
Verbascose
Lewis X antigen
Operculin VII
Operculin vii is a member of the class of compounds known as oligosaccharides. Oligosaccharides are carbohydrates made up of 3 to 10 monosaccharide units linked to each other through glycosidic bonds. Operculin vii is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Operculin vii can be found in sweet potato, which makes operculin vii a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
Verbascotetrose
Verbascotetrose is a member of the class of compounds known as oligosaccharides. Oligosaccharides are carbohydrates made up of 3 to 10 monosaccharide units linked to each other through glycosidic bonds. Verbascotetrose is soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Verbascotetrose can be found in cocoa bean, which makes verbascotetrose a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
Starch, bleached
It is used as a food additive .
Starch, pregelatinized
It is used as a food additive .
2-Hydroxypropyl starch
It is used in food processing including stabiliser, thickener, moisture control agent, flavour modifier, release agent, handling and firming agent.
Savoury taste-enhancing peptide
Claimed as isolated from beef extract with a taste variously descr. as delicious tasting or umami/sour tasting. More recent workers concluded that the compound was not in fact present in beef extract and furthermore had little or no flavour or flavour enhancing props. Savoury taste-enhancing peptide is found in animal foods.
Nonioside B
Constituent of the fruit of Indian mulberry (Morinda citrifolia), a plant eaten as a famine food and occasionally as a staple in the Pacific region [DFC]. Nonioside B is found in fruits.
beta-D-Fructofuranosyl-(2->1)-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-fructofuranosyl beta-D-fructofuranoside
Isolated from the roots of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis). beta-D-Fructofuranosyl-(2->1)-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-fructofuranosyl beta-D-fructofuranoside is found in green vegetables.
ajugose
Ajugose is soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Ajugose can be found in a number of food items such as malabar spinach, wild leek, broccoli, and garlic, which makes ajugose a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
