Classification Term: 1529
Androgens and derivatives (ontology term: CHEMONTID:0001467)
3-hydroxylated C19 steroid hormones. They are known to favor the development of masculine characteristics. They also show profound effects on scalp and body hair in humans." []
found 160 associated metabolites at category metabolite taxonomy ontology rank level.
Ancestor: Androstane steroids
Child Taxonomies: There is no child term of current ontology term.
Dehydroepiandrosterone
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a natural steroid hormone produced from cholesterol by the adrenal glands. DHEA is also produced in the gonads, adipose tissue and the brain. DHEA is structurally similar to, and is a precursor of, androstenedione, testosterone, estradiol, estrone and estrogen. It is the most abundant hormone in the human body. Most of DHEA is sulfated (dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate- DEHAS) before secretion. DHEAS is the sulfated version of DHEA; - this conversion is reversibly catalyzed by sulfotransferase (SULT2A1) primarily in the adrenals, the liver, and small intestines. In blood, most DHEA is found as DHEAS with levels that are about 300 times higher than free DHEA. Blood measurements of DHEAS/DHEA are useful to detect excess adrenal activity as seen in adrenal cancer or hyperplasia, including certain forms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome tend to have normal or mildly elevated levels of DHEAS. [HMDB]. Dehydroepiandrosterone is found in many foods, some of which are summer grape, quinoa, calabash, and chinese chives. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a natural steroid hormone produced from cholesterol by the adrenal glands. DHEA is also produced in the gonads, adipose tissue, and the brain. DHEA is structurally similar to and is a precursor of, androstenedione, testosterone, estradiol, estrone, and estrogen. It is the most abundant hormone in the human body. Most of DHEA is sulfated (dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate or DHEA-S) before secretion. DHEA-S is the sulfated version of DHEA; this conversion is reversibly catalyzed by sulfotransferase (SULT2A1) primarily in the adrenals, the liver, and small intestines. In blood, most DHEA is found as DHEA-S with levels that are about 300 times higher than free DHEA. Blood measurements of DHEA-S/DHEA are useful to detect excess adrenal activity as seen in adrenal cancer or hyperplasia, including certain forms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome tend to have normal or mildly elevated levels of DHEA-S. A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A14 - Anabolic agents for systemic use > A14A - Anabolic steroids > A14AA - Androstan derivatives G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3085 D007155 - Immunologic Factors
Androstenedione
Androst-4-en-3,17-dione, also known as androstenedione or delta(4)-androsten-3,17-dione, belongs to androgens and derivatives class of compounds. Those are 3-hydroxylated C19 steroid hormones. They are known to favor the development of masculine characteristics. They also show profound effects on scalp and body hair in humans. Thus, androst-4-en-3,17-dione is considered to be a steroid lipid molecule. Androst-4-en-3,17-dione is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Androst-4-en-3,17-dione can be found in a number of food items such as naranjilla, purslane, common cabbage, and oval-leaf huckleberry, which makes androst-4-en-3,17-dione a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Androst-4-en-3,17-dione can be found primarily in blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and urine, as well as throughout most human tissues. In humans, androst-4-en-3,17-dione is involved in a couple of metabolic pathways, which include androgen and estrogen metabolism and androstenedione metabolism. Androst-4-en-3,17-dione is also involved in a couple of metabolic disorders, which include 17-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase III deficiency and aromatase deficiency. Moreover, androst-4-en-3,17-dione is found to be associated with rheumatoid arthritis, thyroid cancer , cushings Syndrome, and schizophrenia. Androst-4-en-3,17-dione is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Androstenedione is a delta-4 19-carbon steroid that is produced not only in the testis, but also in the ovary and the adrenal cortex. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to testosterone as well as estrone and estradiol. It is the common precursor of male and female sex hormones. Some androstenedione is also secreted into the plasma and may be converted in peripheral tissues to testosterone and estrogens. Androstenedione originates either from the conversion of dehydroepiandrosterone or from 17-hydroxyprogesterone. It is further converted to either testosterone or estrone. The production of adrenal androstenedione is governed by ACTH, while the production of gonadal androstenedione is under control by gonadotropins. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 396; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9081; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9076 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 396; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9111; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9108 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 396; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9069; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9064 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 396; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9077; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9075 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 396; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9113; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9112 C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2803 INTERNAL_ID 2803; CONFIDENCE standard compound CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4165
7a-Hydroxytestosterone
4-Hydroxytestosterone is the 17-hydroxylated analog to formestane. It is commercially available on the internet as anabolic steroid for oral self-administration and does not have any therapeutic indication. Hence, only little information is available about its metabolism. So far, most studies dealt with 4-hydroxytestosterone as metabolite of formestane while one study investigated the glucuronic acid conjugates of metabolic products of 4-hydroxytestosterone. This substance is prohibited in sports by the World Anti-Doping Agency; there is to a considerable increase of structurally related steroids with anabolic effects offered via the internet. 4-Hydroxytestosterone is a metabolite of the steroidal aromatase inhibitor 4-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione (4OHA). (PMID: 17724580, 17610244, 17207827, 1284430) [HMDB] 4-Hydroxytestosterone is the 17-hydroxylated analog to formestane. It is commercially available on the internet as anabolic steroid for oral self-administration and does not have any therapeutic indication. Hence, only little information is available about its metabolism. So far, most studies dealt with 4-hydroxytestosterone as metabolite of formestane while one study investigated the glucuronic acid conjugates of metabolic products of 4-hydroxytestosterone. This substance is prohibited in sports by the World Anti-Doping Agency; there is to a considerable increase of structurally related steroids with anabolic effects offered via the internet. 4-Hydroxytestosterone is a metabolite of the steroidal aromatase inhibitor 4-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione (4OHA). (PMID: 17724580, 17610244, 17207827, 1284430).
Testosterone
Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone and anabolic steroid from the androstane class of steroids. It is the most important androgen in potency and quantity for vertebrates. In humans, testosterone plays a key role in the development of male reproductive tissues such as testes and prostate, as well as promoting secondary sexual characteristics such as increased muscle and bone mass, and the growth of body hair. In addition, testosterone is involved in health and well-being, and the prevention of osteoporosis. Testosterone exerts its action through binding to and activation of the androgen receptor. In mammals, testosterone is metabolized mainly in the liver. Approximately 50\\% of testosterone is metabolized via conjugation into testosterone glucuronide and to a lesser extent testosterone sulfate by glucuronosyltransferases and sulfotransferases. An additional 40\\% of testosterone is metabolized in equal proportions into the 17-ketosteroids androsterone and etiocholanolone via the combined actions of 5alpha- and 5beta-reductases, 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and 17beta-HSD. Like other steroid hormones, testosterone is derived from cholesterol. The first step in the biosynthesis of testosterone involves the oxidative cleavage of the side-chain of cholesterol by the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc, CYP11A1) to give pregnenolone. In the next step, two additional carbon atoms are removed by the CYP17A1 (17alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase) enzyme to yield a variety of C19 steroids. In addition, the 3beta-hydroxyl group is oxidized by 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase to produce androstenedione. In the final and rate limiting step, the C17 keto group androstenedione is reduced by 17beta-hydroxysteroid hydrogenase to yield testosterone. Testosterone is synthesized and released by the Leydig cells in the testes that lie between the tubules and comprise less than 5\\% of the total testicular volume. Testosterone diffuses into the seminiferous tubules where it is essential for maintaining spermatogenesis. Some testosterone binds to an androgen-binding protein (ABP) that is produced by the Sertoli cells and is homologous to the sex-hormone binding globulin that transports testosterone in the general circulation. The ABP carries testosterone in the testicular fluid where it maintains the activity of the accessory sex glands and may also help to retain testosterone within the tubule and bind excess free hormone. Some testosterone is converted to estradiol by Sertoli cell-derived aromatase enzyme. Leydig cell steroidogenesis is controlled primarily by luteinizing hormone with negative feedback of testosterone on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. The requirement of spermatogenesis for high local concentrations of testosterone means that loss of androgen production is likely to be accompanied by loss of spermatogenesis. Indeed, if testicular androgen production is inhibited by the administration of exogenous androgens then spermatogenesis ceases. This is the basis of using exogenous testosterone as a male contraceptive. The largest amounts of testosterone (>95\\%) are produced by the testes in men, while the adrenal glands account for most of the remainder. Testosterone is also synthesized in far smaller total quantities in women by the adrenal glands, thecal cells of the ovaries, and, during pregnancy, by the placenta. Testosterone levels fall by about 1\\% each year in men. Therefore, with increasing longevity and the aging of the population, the number of older men with testosterone deficiency will increase substantially over the next several decades. Serum testosterone levels decrease progressively in aging men, but the rate and magnitude of decrease vary considerably. Approximately 1\\% of healthy young men have total serum testosterone levels below normal; in contrast, approximately 20\\% of healthy men over age 60 years have serum testosterone levels below normal. (PMID: 17904450, 17875487). G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03B - Androgens > G03BA - 3-oxoandrosten (4) derivatives D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D000728 - Androgens C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C2360 - Anabolic Steroid
Exemestane
Exemestane is an oral steroidal aromatase inhibitor used in the adjuvant treatment of hormonally-responsive (also called hormone-receptor-positive, estrogen-responsive) breast cancer in postmenopausal women. It acts as a false substrate for the aromatase enzyme, and is processed to an intermediate that binds irreversibly to the active site of the enzyme causing its inactivation. L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L02 - Endocrine therapy > L02B - Hormone antagonists and related agents > L02BG - Aromatase inhibitors D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D065088 - Steroid Synthesis Inhibitors D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D004965 - Estrogen Antagonists C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C2189 - Signal Transduction Inhibitor > C129824 - Antineoplastic Protein Inhibitor D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065088 - Steroid Synthesis Inhibitors > D047072 - Aromatase Inhibitors C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C129818 - Antineoplastic Hormonal/Endocrine Agent > C481 - Antiestrogen C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C163758 - Targeted Therapy Agent > C1740 - Aromatase Inhibitor C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C129825 - Antineoplastic Enzyme Inhibitor C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C547 - Hormone Antagonist CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 661 D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents
Androsterone
Androsterone is an inactive breakdown metabolite of testosterone, the product of a reaction mediated by the enzyme oxidative 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.51, 17beta-HSD). Androsterone can also be metabolized from other adrenal androgens such as dehydroepiandrosterone, dihydrotestosterone, or androstenedione, and is considered an inactive end product. However, it can be a physiological effector in its own right. Androsterone might be converted back to dihydrotestosterone. Humans (and other primates) are unique among mammals in having high levels of circulating androsterone glucuronide, a process that is the major role of uridine-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes (EC 2.4.1.17, UGT) for glucuronidation of steroid metabolism in humans. Conjugation of androsterone is a pathway found in all vertebrates and it is widely recognized that the liver is a major site of glucuronidation. However, it is now clear that extrahepatic tissues are also involved in the conjugation of compounds to which these tissues are exposed. High levels of androsterone glucuronide found in the human prostate, breast cyst fluid, and ovary follicular fluid suggest that glucuronidation of 5alpha-reduced C19 steroids occurs in these tissues as well. In doping control, the ratio of androsterone/etiocholanolone provides valuable information that allows the assignment of a urine specimen to a particular person or the identification of urine samples with identical steroid profiles; this is particularly important to detect attempts of urine manipulation including urine alteration and substitution (PMID: 9188497, 17017935, 14643063, 12943709, 9699884, 17260133). Androsterone is an inactive breakdown metabolite of testosterone, the product of a reaction mediated by the enzyme oxidative 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.51, 17beta-HSD). Androsterone is also can be metabolized from other adrenal androgens such as dehydroepiandrosterone, dihydrotestosterone or androstenedione, and is considered an inactive end product; however, it can be a physiological effector in its own right. Androsterone might be converted back to dihydrotestosterone. Humans (and other primates) are unique among mammals in having high levels of circulating androsterone glucuronide, a process that is the major role uridine-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.17, UGT) enzymes for glucuronidation of steroid metabolism in humans. Conjugation of androsterone is a pathway found in all vertebrates and is widely recognized that the liver is a major site of glucuronidation; however it is now clear that extrahepatic tissues are also involved in the conjugation of compounds to which these tissues are exposed. High levels of androsterone glucuronide found in the human prostate, breast cyst fluid and ovary follicular fluid suggest that glucuronidation of 5alpha-reduced C19 steroids occurs in these tissues as well. In doping control, the ratio of androsterone/etiocholanone provides valuable information that allows the assignment of a urine specimen to a particular person or the identification of urine samples with identical steroid profiles; this is particularly important to detect attempts of urine manipulation including urine alteration and substitution. (PMID: 9188497, 17017935, 14643063, 12943709, 9699884, 17260133) [HMDB] C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2804 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4166
11-Ketoetiocholanolone
11-Ketoetiocholanolone is an endogenous anabolic androgenic steroid. The concentration ratio of 11-hydroxyetiocholanolone/11-hydroxyandrosterone is increased in patients with uterine leiomyomas, and it appears to be caused by a decrease in patients metabolite of steroids. The concentration of 11-Ketoetiocholanolone is significantly higher in these patients. There is a relationship between urinary endogenous steroid metabolites and lower urinary tract function related to the residual vol. in uroflowmetry in postmenopausal women. (PMID: 15808004, 14698830, 12728469) [HMDB] 11-Ketoetiocholanolone is an endogenous anabolic androgenic steroid. The concentration ratio of 11-hydroxyetiocholanolone/11-hydroxyandrosterone is increased in patients with uterine leiomyomas, and it appears to be caused by a decrease in patients metabolite of steroids. The concentration of 11-Ketoetiocholanolone is significantly higher in these patients. There is a relationship between urinary endogenous steroid metabolites and lower urinary tract function related to the residual volume in uroflowmetry in postmenopausal women. (PMID: 15808004, 14698830, 12728469). D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
16a-Hydroxydehydroisoandrosterone
16a-Hydroxydehydroisoandrosterone is a metabolite present during pregnancy with increased concentrations as it progresses (PMID 6461703). A reduced level of 16a-Hydroxydehydroisoandrosterone is observed in cases of Placental sulfatase deficiency (PSD), a rare disorder with low estrogen production due to placental enzymatic deficiency. (PMID 2150812) [HMDB] 16a-Hydroxydehydroisoandrosterone is a metabolite present during pregnancy with increased concentrations as it progresses (PMID 6461703). A reduced level of 16a-Hydroxydehydroisoandrosterone is observed in cases of Placental sulfatase deficiency (PSD), a rare disorder with low estrogen production due to placental enzymatic deficiency. (PMID 2150812). D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
Boldione
Boldione is a direct precursor (prohormone) to the anabolic steroid boldenone (1,4-androstadiene-17beta-ol-3-one). It is advertised as a highly anabolic/androgenic compound promoting muscularity, enhancing strength and overall physical performance, and is available on the Internet and in health stores. Conflicting findings regarding the boldenone content of bovine faeces suggest it may be synthesized de novo in emitted faeces. Boldione is the oxidized form of boldenone, an this anabolic steroid is forbidden in EU countries in calves and bulls bred for meat production, and is illegally used as growth promoters, as they improve the growth and feed conversion in food producing animals. (PMID: 16449054, 16308875, 16244993) [HMDB] Boldione is a direct precursor (prohormone) to the anabolic steroid boldenone (1,4-androstadiene-17beta-ol-3-one). It is advertised as a highly anabolic/androgenic compound promoting muscularity, enhancing strength and overall physical performance, and is available on the Internet and in health stores. Conflicting findings regarding the boldenone content of bovine faeces suggest it may be synthesized de novo in emitted faeces. Boldione is the oxidized form of boldenone, an this anabolic steroid is forbidden in EU countries in calves and bulls bred for meat production, and is illegally used as growth promoters, as they improve the growth and feed conversion in food producing animals. (PMID: 16449054, 16308875, 16244993).
Methyltestosterone
A synthetic anabolic steroid used for treating men with testosterone deficiency or similar androgen replacement therapies. Also, has antineoplastic properties and so has been used secondarily in women with advanced breast cancer. Methyltestosterone is a schedule III drug in the US. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1072; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9426; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9425 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1072; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9487; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9483 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1072; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9433; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9431 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1072; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9476; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9475 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1072; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9423; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9422 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1072; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9541; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9538 G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03E - Androgens and female sex hormones in combination > G03EK - Androgens and female sex hormones in combination with other drugs G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03B - Androgens > G03BA - 3-oxoandrosten (4) derivatives D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D045930 - Anabolic Agents C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2816 D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents
Adrenosterone
Adrenosterone is a steroid hormone with weak androgenic effect. It was first isolated in 1936 from the adrenal cortex by Tadeus Reichstein at the Pharmaceutical Institute in the University of Basel. Originally, adrenosterone was called Reichsteins substance G.(Wikipedia). Andrenosterone is created from androst-4-ene-3,17-dione by the work of two enzymes, CYP11B (E1.14.15.4) and 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.146]. Adrenosterone is a steroid hormone with weak androgenic effect. It was first isolated in 1936 from the adrenal cortex by Tadeus Reichstein at the Pharmaceutical Institute in the University of Basel. Originally, adrenosterone was called Reichsteins substance G. Adrenosterone ((+)-Adrenosterone) is a competitive hydroxysteroid (11-beta) dehydrogenase 1 (HSD11β1) inhibitor. Adrenosterone is a steroid hormone with weak androgenic effect. Adrenosterone is a dietary supplement that can decrease fat and increase muscle mass. Adrenosterone acts as a suppressor of metastatic progression of human cancer cells[1][2][3].
3b,17b-Dihydroxyetiocholane
The unspecified form of the steroid, normally a major metabolite of testosterone with androgenic activity. It has been implicated as a regulator of gonadotropin secretion. [HMDB] The unspecified form of the steroid, normally a major metabolite of testosterone with androgenic activity. It has been implicated as a regulator of gonadotropin secretion.
Androstanedione
Androstanedione belongs to the class of organic compounds known as androgens and derivatives. These are 3-hydroxylated C19 steroid hormones. They are known to favor the development of masculine characteristics. They also show profound effects on scalp and body hair in humans. Thus, androstanedione is considered to be a steroid lipid molecule. Androstanedione is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Androstanedione is a steroid metabolite and a procursor of both testosterone and estrone. It is a product of enzyme 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.50] in pathway Androgen and estrogen metabolism (KEGG). [HMDB] D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
Dihydrotestosterone
Dihydrotestosterone is a potent androgenic metabolite of testosterone. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is generated by a 5-alpha reduction of testosterone. Unlike testosterone, DHT cannot be aromatized to estradiol therefore DHT is considered a pure androgenic steroid. -- Pubchem; Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) (INN: androstanolone) is a biologically active metabolite of the hormone testosterone, formed primarily in the prostate gland, testes, hair follicles, and adrenal glands by the enzyme 5-alpha-reductase by means of reducing the alpha 4,5 double-bond. Dihydrotestosterone belongs to the class of compounds called androgens, also commonly called androgenic hormones or testoids. DHT is thought to be approximately 30 times more potent than testosterone because of increased affinity to the androgen receptor. A potent androgenic metabolite of testosterone. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is generated by a 5-alpha reduction of testosterone. Unlike testosterone, DHT cannot be aromatized to estradiol therefore DHT is considered a pure androgenic steroid. -- Pubchem; Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) (INN: androstanolone) is a biologically active metabolite of the hormone testosterone, formed primarily in the prostate gland, testes, hair follicles, and adrenal glands by the enzyme 5-alpha-reductase by means of reducing the alpha 4,5 double-bond. Dihydrotestosterone belongs to the class of compounds called androgens, also commonly called androgenic hormones or testoids. DHT is thought to be approximately 30 times more potent than testosterone because of increased affinity to the androgen receptor. -- Wikipedia [HMDB] G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03B - Androgens > G03BB - 5-androstanon (3) derivatives A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A14 - Anabolic agents for systemic use > A14A - Anabolic steroids > A14AA - Androstan derivatives D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D000728 - Androgens C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone
Formyl-CoA
C22H36N7O17P3S (795.1101196000001)
Formyl-CoA is formed during the alpha-oxidation process in liver peroxisomes, as a result of the alpha-oxidation of 3-methyl-substituted fatty acids. The amount of formyl-CoA formed constitutes 2 - 5\\% of the total formate. The formyl-CoA formed is not due to activation of formate - until now presumed to be the primary end-product of alpha-oxidation - but is rather than formate the end-product of alpha-oxidation. The cleavage of 2-hydroxy-3-methylhexadecanoyl-CoA to 2-methylpentadecanal and formate (formyl-CoA) is probably due to the presence of a specific lyase. (PMID: 9276483, 9166898) [HMDB]. Formyl-CoA is found in many foods, some of which are roman camomile, java plum, sweet marjoram, and new zealand spinach. Formyl-CoA is formed during the alpha-oxidation process in liver peroxisomes, as a result of the alpha-oxidation of 3-methyl-substituted fatty acids. The amount of formyl-CoA formed constitutes 2 - 5\\% of the total formate. The formyl-CoA formed is not due to activation of formate - until now presumed to be the primary end-product of alpha-oxidation - but is rather than formate the end-product of alpha-oxidation. The cleavage of 2-hydroxy-3-methylhexadecanoyl-CoA to 2-methylpentadecanal and formate (formyl-CoA) is probably due to the presence of a specific lyase. (PMID: 9276483, 9166898).
5a-Androstan-3b-ol
5a-Androstan-3b-ol is a steroidal compound belonging to the group of odorous 16-androstenes, first isolated from boar testes and also found in humans. 5a-Androstan-3b-ol has pheromone-like properties in both animals and humans, but the molecular targets of its pheromonal activity are unknown. 5a-Androstan-3b-ol as a pheromone is well suited because of high volatility and lipophilicity. (PMID: 1419890, 8142319, 16415088) [HMDB] 5a-Androstan-3b-ol is a steroidal compound belonging to the group of odorous 16-androstenes, first isolated from boar testes and also found in humans. 5a-Androstan-3b-ol has pheromone-like properties in both animals and humans, but the molecular targets of its pheromonal activity are unknown. 5a-Androstan-3b-ol as a pheromone is well suited because of high volatility and lipophilicity. (PMID: 1419890, 8142319, 16415088).
Androst-5-ene-3beta,17beta-diol
5-Androstenediol is a direct metabolite of the most abundant steroid produced by the human adrenal cortex, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). 5-Androstenediol is less androgenic than 4-androstenediol, and stimulates the immune system. When administered to rats in vivo, 5-androstenediol has approximately 1/70 the androgenicity of DHEA, 1/185 the androgenicity of androstenedione, and 1/475 the androgenicity of testosterone (Wikipedia). Because it induces production of white blood cells and platelets, 5-androstenediol is being developed as a radiation countermeasure as Neumune (HE2100). An intermediate in testosterone biosynthesis, found in the testis or the adrenal glands. 5-Androstenediol, derived from dehydroepiandrosterone by the reduction of the 17-keto group (17-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases), is converted to testosterone by the oxidation of the 3-beta hydroxyl group to a 3-keto group (3-fydroxysteroid dehydrogenase). Androstenediol is a term used to refer to two different steroids with molecular weights of 290.44: 4-androstenediol (4-androstene-3beta,17beta-diol) and 5-androstenediol (5-androstene-3beta,17beta-diol). 4-Androstenediol is closer to testosterone structurally, and has androgenic effects. 5-Androstenediol is a direct metabolite of the most abundant steroid produced by the human adrenal cortex, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). 5-Androstenediol is less androgenic than 4-androstenediol, and stimulates the immune system. When administered to rats in vivo, 5-androstenediol has approximately 1/70 the androgenicity of DHEA, 1/185 the androgenicity of androstenedione, and 1/475 the androgenicity of testosterone (Coffey, 1988). Because it induces production of white blood cells and platelets, 5-androstenediol is being developed as a radiation countermeasure as Neumune(HE2100). D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D045930 - Anabolic Agents C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C2360 - Anabolic Steroid
16a-Hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione
16alpha-Hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione is involved in androgen and estrogen metabolism. 16alpha-Hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione is produced from dehydroepiandrosterone through the work of 2 enzymes, [E1.14.99.-] and 3beta-hydroxy-delta5-steroid dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.145]. [HMDB] 16alpha-Hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione is involved in androgen and estrogen metabolism. 16alpha-Hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione is produced from dehydroepiandrosterone through the work of 2 enzymes, [E1.14.99.-] and 3beta-hydroxy-delta5-steroid dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.145]. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
19-Hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione
19-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione, also known as 19-haed, belongs to androgens and derivatives class of compounds. Those are 3-hydroxylated C19 steroid hormones. They are known to favor the development of masculine characteristics. They also show profound effects on scalp and body hair in humans. Thus, 19-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione is considered to be a steroid lipid molecule. 19-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). 19-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione can be found in a number of food items such as red huckleberry, chinese chestnut, mustard spinach, and komatsuna, which makes 19-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 19-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione can be found primarily in blood, as well as in human placenta and testes tissues. In humans, 19-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione is involved in a couple of metabolic pathways, which include androgen and estrogen metabolism and androstenedione metabolism. 19-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione is also involved in a couple of metabolic disorders, which include 17-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase III deficiency and aromatase deficiency. Moreover, 19-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione is found to be associated with cushings Syndrome. 19-Hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione is a substrate for Corticotropin-lipotropin and Cytochrome P450 19A1. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
w Hydroxy testosterone
This compound belongs to the family of Androgens and Derivatives. These are hydroxylated C19 steroid hormones. They are known to favour the development of masculine characteristics. They also show profound effects on scalp and body hair in humans
19-Oxotestosterone
19-oxotestosterone, also known as 19-aldehyde-testosterone, belongs to androgens and derivatives class of compounds. Those are 3-hydroxylated C19 steroid hormones. They are known to favor the development of masculine characteristics. They also show profound effects on scalp and body hair in humans. 19-oxotestosterone is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). 19-oxotestosterone can be found in a number of food items such as tree fern, italian sweet red pepper, anise, and atlantic herring, which makes 19-oxotestosterone a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 19-oxotestosterone can be found primarily throughout most human tissues. In humans, 19-oxotestosterone is involved in the androgen and estrogen metabolism. 19-oxotestosterone is also involved in a couple of metabolic disorders, which include 17-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase III deficiency and aromatase deficiency. 19-Oxotestosterone is catalyzed by Aromatase (EC 1.14.14.1),also called estrogen synthetase (a cytochrome P450 enzyme which catalyzes the formation of aromatic C18 estrogens from C19 androgens; it is symbolized CYP19) into oestrogens via sequential oxidations at the 19-methyl group. Biosynthesis of estrogens from C19 steroids is catalyzed by aromatase and its tissue-specific expression is determined at least in part by alternative use of tissue-specific promoters, which give rise to transcripts with unique 5-prime noncoding termini.(OMIM 107910).
7a-Hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione
7alpha-Hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione is an intermediate in androgen and estrogen metabolism. More specifically, it is an intermediate during the conversion of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione to testosterone or vice versa. [HMDB] 7alpha-Hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione is an intermediate in androgen and estrogen metabolism. More specifically, it is an intermediate during the conversion of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione to testosterone or vice versa. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
19-Oxoandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione
19-Oxoandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione is an intermediate in Androgen and estrogen metabolism. 19-Oxoandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione is the 4th to last step in the synthesis of 2-Methoxyestrone 3-glucuronide. It is generated from 19-Hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione and then converted to Estrone. [HMDB] 19-Oxoandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione is an intermediate in Androgen and estrogen metabolism. 19-Oxoandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione is the 4th to last step in the synthesis of 2-Methoxyestrone 3-glucuronide. It is generated from 19-Hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione and then converted to Estrone. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
Bolasterone
Bolasterone is an anabolic androgenic steroid. Analysis of steroids in urine has been used to detect different hormonal actions in human beings such as testicular function in men, hyperandrogenic disorders in women and puberty problems in children, by the measurement of anabolic steroids, and some hormonal disorders such as adrenocortical adenoma and Cushing syndrome by the control of corticoids. This steroid have been included in the International Olympic Committee (IOC) doping list due to their illegal use in some sports and in the list of schedules drugs in several countries because of its use by young people. In addition, the examination of endogenous steroids profile provides information about the health and the use of exogenous steroids. Bolasterone is excreted as the original compound in human urine. Androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS) are defined as natural, synthetic or semi-synthetic drugs chemicals derived from testosterone, used with the aim to improve physical performance by increasing both muscle strength and mass. Despite their reported toxicological effects on the cardiovascular, hepatic and neuro-endocrine systems, the AAS have been extensively used in sports activities. The use of anabolic steroids was banned by the International Olympic Committee for the first time at the Olympic Games in Montreal in 1976. Since that time the misuse of anabolic steroids by athletes has been controlled by analysis of urine of the excreted steroids or their metabolites, or both. (PMID: 10892583, 10932808, 14976846, 15042372, 15231229, 3308301, 8456050, 8674183, 16040239) [HMDB] Bolasterone is an anabolic androgenic steroid. Analysis of steroids in urine has been used to detect different hormonal actions in human beings such as testicular function in men, hyperandrogenic disorders in women and puberty problems in children, by the measurement of anabolic steroids, and some hormonal disorders such as adrenocortical adenoma and Cushing syndrome by the control of corticoids. This steroid have been included in the International Olympic Committee (IOC) doping list due to their illegal use in some sports and in the list of schedules drugs in several countries because of its use by young people. In addition, the examination of endogenous steroids profile provides information about the health and the use of exogenous steroids. Bolasterone is excreted as the original compound in human urine. Androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS) are defined as natural, synthetic or semi-synthetic drugs chemicals derived from testosterone, used with the aim to improve physical performance by increasing both muscle strength and mass. Despite their reported toxicological effects on the cardiovascular, hepatic and neuro-endocrine systems, the AAS have been extensively used in sports activities. The use of anabolic steroids was banned by the International Olympic Committee for the first time at the Olympic Games in Montreal in 1976. Since that time the misuse of anabolic steroids by athletes has been controlled by analysis of urine of the excreted steroids or their metabolites, or both. (PMID: 10892583, 10932808, 14976846, 15042372, 15231229, 3308301, 8456050, 8674183, 16040239). D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D045930 - Anabolic Agents C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C2360 - Anabolic Steroid Same as: D03144
Ethisterone
Ethisterone is a metabolite of danazol. Ethisterone is a progestogen hormone. The first orally active progestin, ethisterone (pregneninolone, 17α-ethynyltestosterone or 19–norandrostane), the 17α-ethynyl analog of testosterone, was synthesized in 1938 by Hans Herloff Inhoffen, Willy Logemann, Walter Hohlweg, and Arthur Serini at Schering AG in Berlin and marketed in Germany in 1939 as Proluton C and by Schering in the U.S. in 1945 as Pranone. Ethisterone was also marketed in the U.S. (Wikipedia) G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03D - Progestogens > G03DC - Estren derivatives C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone ATC code: G03DC04
Drostanolone
Drostanolone is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a potent synthetic androgenic anabolic steroid similar to testosterone. Drostanolone is indicated in postmenopausal women with recurrent breast cancer, in a combined hormone therapy.Dromostanolone is a synthetic androgenic anabolic steroid and is approximately 5 times as potent as natural methyltestosterone. Like testosterone and other androgenic hormones, dromostanolone binds to the androgen receptor. This causes downstream genetic transcriptional changes. This ultimately causes retention of nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus; increases protein anabolism; and decreases amino acid catabolism. The antitumour activity of dromostanolone appears related to reduction or competitive inhibition of prolactin receptors or estrogen receptors or production. C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C2360 - Anabolic Steroid
Oxymesterone
Oxymesterone is an anabolic steroid abused by some athletes and is tested for in regular preventive doping control analysis. Androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS) are defined as natural, synthetic or semi-synthetic drugs chemicals derived from testosterone, used with the aim to improve physical performance by increasing both muscle strength and mass. Despite their reported toxicological effects on the cardiovascular, hepatic and neuro-endocrine systems, the AAS have been extensively used in sports activities. Oxymesterone and other steroids can be detected in human urine using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LCoaTOFMS) and gas chromatography/electron ionization orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCoaTOFMS), using methods that have been developed in order to acquire accurate full scan MS data to be used to detect designer steroids. (PMID: 17610244, 17667636, 17723876, 17723877, 2079979, 3308301, 8456050, 8674183, 8725393, 9216475) [HMDB] Oxymesterone is an anabolic steroid abused by some athletes and is tested for in regular preventive doping control analysis. Androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS) are defined as natural, synthetic or semi-synthetic drugs chemicals derived from testosterone, used with the aim to improve physical performance by increasing both muscle strength and mass. Despite their reported toxicological effects on the cardiovascular, hepatic and neuro-endocrine systems, the AAS have been extensively used in sports activities. Oxymesterone and other steroids can be detected in human urine using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LCoaTOFMS) and gas chromatography/electron ionization orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCoaTOFMS), using methods that have been developed in order to acquire accurate full scan MS data to be used to detect designer steroids. (PMID: 17610244, 17667636, 17723876, 17723877, 2079979, 3308301, 8456050, 8674183, 8725393, 9216475). C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C2360 - Anabolic Steroid
11beta-Hydroxytestosterone
11beta-Hydroxytestosterone is a Testosterone derivative metabolite. Testosterone is reported to have an acute vasodilating action in vitro, an effect that may impart a favourable haemodynamic response in patients with chronic heart failure. [HMDB] 11beta-Hydroxytestosterone is a Testosterone derivative metabolite. Testosterone is reported to have an acute vasodilating action in vitro, an effect that may impart a favourable haemodynamic response in patients with chronic heart failure.
4-Dihydroboldenone
4-Dihydroboldenone is a metabolite of boldenone. Boldenone is an androgenic anabolic steroid (AAS) intensively used for growth promoting purposes in animals destined for meat production and as a performance enhancer in athletics. Therefore its use is officially banned either in animals intended for consumption or in humans. Because most anabolic steroids are completely metabolized and usually no parent steroid is excreted, metabolite identification is crucial to detect the illegal use of anabolic steroids either in humans or in livestock. Androgenic anabolic steroids are defined as natural, synthetic or semi-synthetic drugs chemicals derived from testosterone, used with the aim to improve physical performance by increasing both muscle strength and mass. Despite their reported toxicological effects on the cardiovascular, hepatic and neuro-endocrine systems, the AAS have been extensively used in sports activities. (PMID: 2663904, 16195040, 16292586, 1663826, 16799097, 16888758, 16923823, 9249887) [HMDB] 4-Dihydroboldenone is a metabolite of boldenone. Boldenone is an androgenic anabolic steroid (AAS) intensively used for growth-promoting purposes in animals destined for meat production and as a performance enhancer in athletics. Therefore, its use is officially banned in both humans and in animals intended for human consumption. Because most anabolic steroids are completely metabolized and usually no parent steroid is excreted, metabolite identification is crucial to detect the illegal use of anabolic steroids either in humans or in livestock. Androgenic anabolic steroids are defined as natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic drugs chemicals derived from testosterone, used with the aim to improve physical performance by increasing both muscle strength and mass. Despite their reported toxicological effects on the cardiovascular, hepatic, and neuroendocrine systems, the AAS has been extensively used in sports activities (PMID: 2663904, 16195040, 16292586, 1663826, 16799097, 16888758, 16923823, 9249887). D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
7a-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone
7a-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone is a major metabolite of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), which is is 7alpha-hydroxylated by the cytochrome P450 7B1 (EC 1.14.13.100, 25-hydroxycholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase, CYP7B1) in the human brain and liver microsomes. Exposure to the proinflammatory cytokines TNFalpha, IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-17 increases CYP7B activity in synovial tissue. Increased CYP7B activity leads to higher levels of the DHEA metabolite 7alpha-OH-DHEA in synovial fluid, which may contribute to the maintenance of the chronic inflammation observed in rheumatoid arthritis patients. The glucocorticoid dhydrocorticosterone inhibits the conversion of DHEA to 7a-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone. The total levels of 7a-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone are increased in serum of patients with Alzheimers disease. (PMID: 17467270, 15751070, 12667489, 9520908) [HMDB] 7a-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone is a major metabolite of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), which is is 7alpha-hydroxylated by the cytochrome P450 7B1 (EC 1.14.13.100, 25-hydroxycholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase, CYP7B1) in the human brain and liver microsomes. Exposure to the proinflammatory cytokines TNFalpha, IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-17 increases CYP7B activity in synovial tissue. Increased CYP7B activity leads to higher levels of the DHEA metabolite 7alpha-OH-DHEA in synovial fluid, which may contribute to the maintenance of the chronic inflammation observed in rheumatoid arthritis patients. The glucocorticoid dhydrocorticosterone inhibits the conversion of DHEA to 7a-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone. The total levels of 7a-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone are increased in serum of patients with Alzheimers disease. (PMID: 17467270, 15751070, 12667489, 9520908). D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
androst-5-ene-3,17-dione
androst-5-ene-3,17-dione, also known as delta5-ADD or δ5-add, is classified as an androgen or an Androgen derivative. Androgens are 3-hydroxylated C19 steroid hormones. They are known to favor the development of masculine characteristics. They also show profound effects on scalp and body hair in humans. androst-5-ene-3,17-dione is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and relatively neutral D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
Epiandrosterone
Epiandrosterone is a naturally occurring steroid synthesized in the adrenal cortex, gonads, brain, and gastrointestinal tract. It is less active than androsterone and excreted in small amounts in normal human urine. Epiandrosterone is a metabolite of the most abundant adrenal androgenic steroid dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in young adult humans, but is not completely inactive and is considered an effector as well. Epiandrosterone is a precursor or substrate for cytochrome P450 species and enzymes (EC 1.14.13.100, 25-hydroxycholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase) that produce 7alpha- and 7beta-hydroxylated metabolites in the human brain and other organs. These 7-hydroxylated derivatives exert anti-glucocorticoid and neuroprotective effects. (PMID: 17017935, 12475725, 15650074, 15784286) [HMDB] Epiandrosterone is a naturally occurring steroid synthesized in the adrenal cortex, gonads, brain, and gastrointestinal tract. It is less active than androsterone and excreted in small amounts in normal human urine. Epiandrosterone is a metabolite of the most abundant adrenal androgenic steroid dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in young adult humans, but is not completely inactive and is considered an effector as well. Epiandrosterone is a precursor or substrate for cytochrome P450 species and enzymes (EC 1.14.13.100, 25-hydroxycholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase) that produce 7alpha- and 7beta-hydroxylated metabolites in the human brain and other organs. These 7-hydroxylated derivatives exert anti-glucocorticoid and neuroprotective effects (PMID: 17017935, 12475725, 15650074, 15784286). C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4168 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2818 Epiandrosterone is a steroid hormone with weak androgenic activity. Epiandrosterone is naturally produced by the enzyme 5α-reductase from the adrenal hormone DHEA.
3a,17a-Dihydroxy-5b-androstane
The unspecified form of the steroid, normally a major metabolite of testosterone with androgenic activity. It has been implicated as a regulator of gonadotropin secretion.;3a,17a-Dihydroxy-5b-androstane is a metabolite of natural androgens (testosterone, epitestosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone) present in small amount in the urine of normal individuals (PMID 9381514) [HMDB] The unspecified form of the steroid, normally a major metabolite of testosterone with androgenic activity. It has been implicated as a regulator of gonadotropin secretion.3a,17a-Dihydroxy-5b-androstane is a metabolite of natural androgens (testosterone, epitestosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone) present in small amount in the urine of normal individuals (PMID 9381514). D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
Etiocholanolone
Etiocholanolone is the 5-beta-reduced isomer of androsterone. Etiocholanolone is a major metabolite of testosterone and androstenedione in many mammalian species including humans. It is excreted in the urine and is androgenically inactive. Classified a ketosteroid, it causes fever (it is a pyrogen), immunostimulation and leukocytosis. The pyrogenic effect of Etiocholanolone has been shown to be due to the release of interleukin-1 (IL-1) from the leukocytes that are mobilized in response to its production or injection. Etiocholanolone has anticonvulsant activity and may be an endogenous modulator of seizure susceptibility. Significantly increased values of etiocholanolone (along with testoterone and androsterone) an be detected in the urine of men with androgenic alopecia (male pattern baldness). [HMDB] Etiocholanolone is the 5-beta-reduced isomer of androsterone. Etiocholanolone is a major metabolite of testosterone and androstenedione in many mammalian species including humans. It is excreted in the urine and is androgenically inactive. Classified a ketosteroid, it causes fever (it is a pyrogen), immunostimulation and leukocytosis. The pyrogenic effect of Etiocholanolone has been shown to be due to the release of interleukin-1 (IL-1) from the leukocytes that are mobilized in response to its production or injection. Etiocholanolone has anticonvulsant activity and may be an endogenous modulator of seizure susceptibility. Significantly increased values of etiocholanolone (along with testoterone and androsterone) an be detected in the urine of men with androgenic alopecia (male pattern baldness). D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C2139 - Immunostimulant COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Etiocholanolone (5β-Androsterone) is the excreted metabolite of testosterone and has anticonvulsant activity[1]. Etiocholanolone is a less potent?neurosteroid positive allosteric modulator?(PAM) of the GABAA?receptor than its?enantiomer form[2]. Etiocholanolone (5β-Androsterone) is the excreted metabolite of testosterone and has anticonvulsant activity[1]. Etiocholanolone is a less potent?neurosteroid positive allosteric modulator?(PAM) of the GABAA?receptor than its?enantiomer form[2]. Etiocholanolone (5β-Androsterone) is the excreted metabolite of testosterone and has anticonvulsant activity[1]. Etiocholanolone is a less potent?neurosteroid positive allosteric modulator?(PAM) of the GABAA?receptor than its?enantiomer form[2].
5alpha-Androstane-3beta,17beta-diol
Androstane-3,17-diol is a metabolite of dihydrotestosterone. It doesnt bind androgen receptors, but efficiently binds the estrogen receptor beta and inhibits prostate cancer cell migration through the activation of estrogen receptor beta. (PMID 15958594) [HMDB] Androstane-3,17-diol is a metabolite of dihydrotestosterone. It doesnt bind androgen receptors, but efficiently binds the estrogen receptor beta and inhibits prostate cancer cell migration through the activation of estrogen receptor beta (PMID: 15958594).
11-Hydroxyandrosterone
Originates from androsterone. A steroid hormone with weak androgenic activity. It is made in the liver from the metabolism of testosterone. The consumption of large amounts of celery can cause an increase in the production of this hormone in males. Androsterone has pheromonic properties. [HMDB] Originates from androsterone. A steroid hormone with weak androgenic activity. It is made in the liver from the metabolism of testosterone. The consumption of large amounts of celery can cause an increase in the production of this hormone in males. Androsterone has pheromonic properties. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones 11β-Hydroxyandrosterone is a 11-oxygenated androgen metabolite of 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione[1][2].
Etiocholanedione
Etiocholanedione is a 5-beta metabolite product of the catabolism of androgens. Etiocholanedione has been identified as a ketosteroid and isolated from the urine of healthy and diseased persons. Etiocholanedione has been identified as a metabolite of an altered androgen metabolism that eventually leads hepatocellular carcinoma to impaired hormone responsiveness in human. Etiocholanedione has been identified as a metabolite of 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone in some patients affected by congenital adrenal hyperplasia, although it doesnt appear to account for the masculinization observed in congenital hyperplasia. Etiocholanedione can be the product of microbial contamination of urine since a few organisms are able to synthesize it using endogenous steroids as substrates. Human axillary bacteria are able to produce small amounts of etiocholanedione from testosterone. (PMID: 12161001, 13795320, 11161304, 2026727). Etiocholanedione has been found to be a metabolite of Corynebacterium (PMID: 11161304). Etiocholanedione is a 5-beta metabolite product of the catabolism of androgens. Etiocholanedione has been identified as a ketosteroid and isolated from the urine of healthy and diseased persons. Etiocholanedione has been identified as a metabolite of an altered androgen metabolism that eventually leads hepatocellular carcinoma to impaired hormone responsiveness in human. Etiocholanedione has been identified as a metabolite of 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone in some patients affected by congenital adrenal hyperplasia, although it doesnt appear to account for the masculinization observed in congenital hyperplasia. Etiocholanedione can be the product of microbial contamination of urine since a few organisms are able to synthesize it using endogenous steroids as substrates. Human axillary bacteria are able to produce small amounts of etiocholanedione from testosterone. (PMID: 12161001, 13795320, 11161304, 2026727) [HMDB]
4-Androstenediol
4-Androstenediol is a metabolite of testosterone. Conversely, the conversion of 4-Androstenediol to testosterone has been demonstrated to occur in homogenates of hyperplastic human female adrenal glands. 4-Androstenediol is an anabolic agent that has been found in increased concentration in athletes suspected of doping. 4-Androstenediol has also been found in aqueous and solid nutritional supplements that are commercially available. Studies showing that non-hormonal supplements such as vitamins, minerals and amino acids can contain anabolic androgenic steroids not declared on the labels of the products have been published. These undeclared substances (often prohormones of testosterone) can cause health risks to consumers and might lead to positive results in sports doping control. It has been demonstrated that 4-Androstenediol taken by month is capable of producing in vivo increases in testosterone concentration in apparently healthy young men an women. (PMID: 15808000, 15103700, 10638382, 15370836) [HMDB] 4-Androstenediol is a metabolite of testosterone. Conversely, the conversion of 4-androstenediol to testosterone has been demonstrated to occur in homogenates of hyperplastic human female adrenal glands. 4-Androstenediol is an anabolic agent that has been found in increased concentration in athletes suspected of doping. 4-Androstenediol has also been found in aqueous and solid nutritional supplements that are commercially available. Studies showing that non-hormonal supplements such as vitamins, minerals, and amino acids can contain anabolic androgenic steroids not declared on the labels of the products have been published. These undeclared substances (often prohormones of testosterone) can cause health risks to consumers and might lead to positive results in sports doping control. It has been demonstrated that 4-androstenediol taken by mouth is capable of producing in vivo increases in testosterone concentration in apparently healthy young men an women (PMID: 15808000, 15103700, 10638382, 15370836).
Mesterolone
Mesterolone is a synthetic anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) with reported abuses in human sports. As for other AAS, mesterolone is also a potential doping agent in equine sports. In humans, mesterolone exhibits no inhibitory effects on hypophysial gonadotropin secretion or on spermatogenesis, unlike most androgens. Mesterolone has been used in the treatment of primary nocturnal enuresis in boys six to ten years of age. Mesterolone probably modulates the autonomic innervation of the vesical musculature with correction of the defective neural mechanism which is believed to be implicated in the pathogenesis of nocturnal enuresis. Mesterolone has been utilized in hypogonadism patients to increase total ejaculation volume and the concentration of fructose in the spermatic plasma to normal levels. Mesterolone treatment decreases cholesterol, beta-lipoproteins, fatty acid esters, free fatty acids, triglycerides and glycerol in human serum. (PMID: 4880965, 17616252, 10796496, 17636603, 2087834, 6111418, 6142498, 6386424, 7558381, 792898) [HMDB] Mesterolone is a synthetic anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) with reported abuses in human sports. As for other AAS, mesterolone is also a potential doping agent in equine sports. In humans, mesterolone exhibits no inhibitory effects on hypophysial gonadotropin secretion or on spermatogenesis, unlike most androgens. Mesterolone has been used in the treatment of primary nocturnal enuresis in boys six to ten years of age. Mesterolone probably modulates the autonomic innervation of the vesical musculature with correction of the defective neural mechanism which is believed to be implicated in the pathogenesis of nocturnal enuresis. Mesterolone has been utilized in hypogonadism patients to increase total ejaculation volume and the concentration of fructose in the spermatic plasma to normal levels. Mesterolone treatment decreases cholesterol, beta-lipoproteins, fatty acid esters, free fatty acids, triglycerides and glycerol in human serum. (PMID: 4880965, 17616252, 10796496, 17636603, 2087834, 6111418, 6142498, 6386424, 7558381, 792898). G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03B - Androgens > G03BB - 5-androstanon (3) derivatives D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D045930 - Anabolic Agents C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone
5b-Dihydrotestosterone
5beta-Dihydrotestosterone is an intermediate in Androgen and estrogen metabolism. 5beta-Dihydrotestosterone is generated from Testosterone via the enzyme 3-oxo-5beta-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.6). [HMDB] 5beta-Dihydrotestosterone is an intermediate in Androgen and estrogen metabolism. 5beta-Dihydrotestosterone is generated from Testosterone via the enzyme 3-oxo-5beta-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.6).
11beta,17beta-Dihydroxy-4-androsten-3-one
This compound belongs to the family of Androgens and Derivatives. These are hydroxylated C19 steroid hormones. They are known to favour the development of masculine characteristics. They also show profound effects on scalp and body hair in humans.
Finasteride
Finasteride is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. Finasteride is an androgen antagonist. It is an orally active testosterone 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor. Finasteride is one of the currently available pharmacologic treatment modalities with proven efficacy for treatment of androgenetic alopecia. The mechanism of action has not been fully determined, but finasteride has shown to decrease scalp DHT concentration to the levels found in hairy scalp, reduce serum DHT, increase hair regrowth, and slow hair loss. Androgenetic alopecia (AGA), or male pattern hair loss, affects approximately 50\\% of the male population. AGA is an androgen-related condition in genetically predisposed individuals. There is no treatment to completely reverse AGA in advanced stages, but with medical treatment (e.g. finasteride), the progression can be arrested and partly reversed in the majority of patients who have mild to moderate AGA. Finasteride is also used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (PubChem). The mechanism of action of finasteride is based on its preferential inhibition of type II 5alpha-reductase through the formation of a stable complex with the enzyme. Inhibition of type II 5alpha-reductase blocks the peripheral conversion of testosterone to DHT (resulting in significant decreases in serum and tissue DHT concentrations), minimal to moderate increase in serum testosterone concentrations, and substantial increases in prostatic testosterone concentrations. As DHT appears to be the principal androgen responsible for stimulation of prostatic growth, a decrease in DHT concentrations will result in a decrease in prostatic volume (approximately 20-30\\% after 6-24 months of continued therapy). Finasteride may increase the sensitivity of prostate specific antigen to detect prostate cancer. At present, finasteride remains the only intervention shown in long-term prospective phase III clinical trials to reduce the incidence of prostate cancer (PMID: 18044109, 17543725, 17414641, 17415094, 17394699). Finasteride is an androgen antagonist. Finasteride is one of the currently available pharmacologic treatment modalities with proven efficacy for treatment of androgenetic alopecia. Androgenetic alopecia (AGA), or male pattern hair loss, affects approximately 50\\% of the male population. AGA is an androgen-related condition in genetically predisposed individuals. There is no treatment to completely reverse AGA in advanced stages, but with medical treatment (e.g., finasteride), the progression can be arrested and partly reversed in the majority of patients who have mild to moderate AGA. Finasteride may increase the sensitivity of prostate specific antigen to detect prostate cancer. At present, finasteride remains the only intervention shown in long-term prospective phase III clinical trials to reduce the incidence of prostate cancer. (PMID: 18044109, 17543725, 17414641, 17415094, 17394699) [HMDB] G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G04 - Urologicals > G04C - Drugs used in benign prostatic hypertrophy > G04CB - Testosterone-5-alpha reductase inhibitors D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D065088 - Steroid Synthesis Inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065088 - Steroid Synthesis Inhibitors > D058891 - 5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C547 - Hormone Antagonist > C242 - Anti-Androgen D000089162 - Genitourinary Agents > D064804 - Urological Agents C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C2319 - 5 Alpha-Reductase Inhibitor C1892 - Chemopreventive Agent D - Dermatologicals
Fluoxymesterone
Fluoxymesterone is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an anabolic steroid that has been used in the treatment of male hypogonadism, delayed puberty in males, and in the treatment of breast neoplasms in women. [PubChem]Fluoxymesterone is a synthetic androgenic anabolic steroid and is approximately 5 times as potent as natural methyltestosterone. Like testosterone and other androgenic hormones, fluoxymesterone binds to the androgen receptor. It produces retention of nitrogen, sodium, potassium, and phosphorus; increases protein anabolism; decreases amino acid catabolism and decreased urinary excretion of calcium. The antitumour activity of fluoxymesterone appears related to reduction or competitive inhibition of prolactin receptors or estrogen receptors or production. G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03B - Androgens > G03BA - 3-oxoandrosten (4) derivatives D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D045930 - Anabolic Agents C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C2360 - Anabolic Steroid
Metandienone
Methandrostenolone (trade names Averbol, Dianabol, Danabol), also known as metandienone (INN) or methandienone, is an orally-effective anabolic steroid originally developed in Germany and released in the US in the early 1960s by Ciba Specialty Chemicals. Methandrostenolone is a controlled substance in the United States and Western Europe, but remains popular among bodybuilders. Consequently, it can be found on the United States black market. However, methandrostenolone is readily available without a prescription in countries such as Mexico (under the trade name Reforvit-b), and is also being manufactured in Asia and many East European countries. D - Dermatologicals > D11 - Other dermatological preparations > D11A - Other dermatological preparations > D11AE - Androgens for topical use A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A14 - Anabolic agents for systemic use > A14A - Anabolic steroids > A14AA - Androstan derivatives D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D045930 - Anabolic Agents C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C2360 - Anabolic Steroid
Methenolone
Metenolone (or methenolone) is a long-acting anabolic steroid with weak androgenic (testosterone or androsterone-like) properties. It is a naturally occurring drug, found within the adrenal glands of pregnant domesticated felines, and is supplied as the acetate ester for oral administration and as the enanthate ester for intramuscular injection. Adult doses for the treatment of aplastic anemia are usually in a range of 1-3 mg/kg per day. A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A14 - Anabolic agents for systemic use > A14A - Anabolic steroids > A14AA - Androstan derivatives D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D045930 - Anabolic Agents C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C2360 - Anabolic Steroid
Calusterone
Calusterone is an androgenic steroid. Calusterone induce given orally induce a marked decrease (between 30 and 70\\% depending on the dose) in the binding capacity of oestradiol-17beta to specific uterine receptors in vivo. As an androgen, calusterone has been used as a therapeutic agent in postmenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer; the addition of a potent hormonal agent to effective cytotoxic chemotherapy improves the results of treatment of women with metastatic breast cancer. Calusterone is tested in sport screening; fast and sensitive method for the comprehensive screening of anabolic agents and other banned doping substances using gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) with an external ionization ion trap mass spectrometer have been developed for the parent substances and their metabolites. (PMID: 17610244, 12375280, 153787, 2325376, 12375280) [HMDB] Calusterone is an androgenic steroid. Calusterone induce given orally induce a marked decrease (between 30 and 70\\% depending on the dose) in the binding capacity of oestradiol-17beta to specific uterine receptors in vivo. As an androgen, calusterone has been used as a therapeutic agent in postmenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer; the addition of a potent hormonal agent to effective cytotoxic chemotherapy improves the results of treatment of women with metastatic breast cancer. Calusterone is tested in sport screening; fast and sensitive method for the comprehensive screening of anabolic agents and other banned doping substances using gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) with an external ionization ion trap mass spectrometer have been developed for the parent substances and their metabolites. (PMID: 17610244, 12375280, 153787, 2325376, 12375280). D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D045930 - Anabolic Agents C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C2360 - Anabolic Steroid Same as: D03144
5-Androstene-3b,16b,17a-triol
5-Androstene-3b,16b,17a-triol is an steroid found in the urine of human pregnancy (PMID 4452739), in the urine of newborns and infants (PMID 5126818), and in the mono- and disulfate fractions of human bile. (PMID 5410667) [HMDB] 5-Androstene-3b,16b,17a-triol is an steroid found in the urine of human pregnancy (PMID 4452739), in the urine of newborns and infants (PMID 5126818), and in the mono- and disulfate fractions of human bile. (PMID 5410667).
Androstenol
Androstenol is a steroidal compound belonging to the group of odorous 16-androstenes, first isolated from boar testes and also found in humans. Androstenol has pheromone-like properties in both animals and humans, but the molecular targets of its pheromonal activity are unknown. Androstenol as a pheromone is well suited because of high volatility and lipophilicity. (PMID: 1419890, 8142319, 16415088). 3a-Hydroxyandrost-16-ene is a steroidal compound belonging to the group of odorous 16-androstenes, first isolated from boar testes and also found in humans. 3a-Hydroxyandrost-16-ene has pheromone-like properties in both animals and humans, but the molecular targets of its pheromonal activity are unknown. 3a-Hydroxyandrost-16-ene is structurally similar to endogenous A-ring reduced neurosteroids that act as positive modulators of GABAA receptors. 3a-Hydroxyandrost-16-ene has neurosteroid-like activity as a GABAA receptor modulator. The various actions of 3a-Hydroxyandrost-16-ene in the whole-animal models are consistent with its activity as a GABAA receptor modulator. GABAA receptors could represent a target for 3a-Hydroxyandrost-16-ene as a pheromone, for which it is well suited because of high volatility and lipophilicity, or as a conventional hormonal neurosteroid. (PMID: 1419890, 8142319, 16415088).
Polyporusterone D
Polyporusterone D is found in mushrooms. Polyporusterone D is a constituent of Polyporus umbellatus (zhu ling). Constituent of Polyporus umbellatus (zhu ling). Polyporusterone D is found in mushrooms.
16-Oxoandrostenediol
16-Oxoandrostenediol is a naturally occurring androgenic steroid hormone generated by the adrenal glands. It has been found in the urine of newborn infants. Secretion of this steroid is suppressed by dexamethasone. Levels of this hormone are almost absent by 5 months of age. ((Steroids (1964), 3(1), 77-83.) ). 16-Oxoandrostenediol is a natural hormone with androgenic activity and that two potent antiandrogens: hydroxyflutamide (Eulexin) and bicalutamide (Casodex). 16-Oxoandrostenediol is a naturally occurring androgenic steroid hormone generated by the adrenal glands. It has been found in the urine of newborn infants. Secretion of this steroid is suppressed by dexamethasone. Levels of this hormone are almost absent by 5 months of age. ((Steroids (1964), 3(1), 77-83.) )
5alpha-Androst-16-en-3-one
5alpha-Androst-16-en-3-one, also known as androstenone, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as androgens and derivatives. These are 3-hydroxylated C19 steroid hormones. They are known to favour the development of masculine characteristics. They also show profound effects on scalp and body hair in humans. Thus, 5alpha-androst-16-en-3-one is considered to be a steroid lipid molecule. 5alpha-androst-16-en-3-one is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. 5alpha-Androst-16-en-3-one is found in animal foods and causes boar taint in pigmeat product. Androgen metabolite which causes ``boar taint in pigmeat products. 5alpha-Androst-16-en-3-one is found in wild celery, parsnip, and animal foods.
Guggulsterone
Guggulsterone is an ingredient in many nutritional supplements. Guggulsterone is a plant sterol derived from the gum resin (guggulu) of the tree Commiphora mukul. This sterol can inhibit NF-κB activation and downregulate the expression of inflammatory gene products such as COX-2 and MMP-9, which are major players in the development of arthritis. Guggulsterone also can suppress osteoclastogenesis induced by RANKL (receptor activator of NF-κB ligand), a bone-resorbing cytokine. The anti-inflammatory activity of C. mukul (guggul) has been compared with that of NSAIDs, namely phenylbutazone and ibuprofen. Guggulsterone is used to treat obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, and osteoarthritis, and has been recently shown to antagonize the farnesoid X receptor and decrease the expression of bile acid-activated genes. It modulates activation of NF-kappaB, which has been closely linked with inflammatory diseases affected by guggulsterone. (PMID: 17475558, 15322087) [HMDB] Guggulsterone is an ingredient in many nutritional supplements. Guggulsterone is a plant sterol derived from the gum resin (guggulu) of the tree Commiphora mukul. This sterol can inhibit NF-κB activation and downregulate the expression of inflammatory gene products such as COX-2 and MMP-9, which are major players in the development of arthritis. Guggulsterone also can suppress osteoclastogenesis induced by RANKL (receptor activator of NF-κB ligand), a bone-resorbing cytokine. The anti-inflammatory activity of C. mukul (guggul) has been compared with that of NSAIDs, namely phenylbutazone and ibuprofen. Guggulsterone is used to treat obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, and osteoarthritis, and has been recently shown to antagonize the farnesoid X receptor and decrease the expression of bile acid-activated genes. It modulates activation of NF-kappaB, which has been closely linked with inflammatory diseases affected by guggulsterone. (PMID: 17475558, 15322087).
6b-Hydroxymethandienone
6b-Hydroxymethandienone is a metabolite of the androgen metandienone metabolite, excreted in the urine. Metandienone has been used in horse doping and by weightlifters and body builders. It is of note to consider that the use of anabolic steroids for an extended period of time reduces the excretion of endogenous metabolites, making the detection of doping a little more difficult. (PMID: 16040239, 757586, 9001954, 2745643, 12375280, 8539789, 1400752, 757586, 17610244) [HMDB] 6b-Hydroxymethandienone is a metabolite of the androgen metandienone metabolite, excreted in the urine. Metandienone has been used in horse doping and by weightlifters and body builders. It is of note to consider that the use of anabolic steroids for an extended period of time reduces the excretion of endogenous metabolites, making the detection of doping a little more difficult. (PMID: 16040239, 757586, 9001954, 2745643, 12375280, 8539789, 1400752, 757586, 17610244).
fluticasone 17beta-carboxylic acid
fluticasone 17beta-carboxylic acid is a metabolite of fluticasone propionate. Fluticasone propionate is a corticosteroid derived from fluticasone used to treat asthma and allergic rhinitis (hay fever). It is also used to treat eosinophilic esophagitis. (Wikipedia)
3alpha,16beta-Dihydroxyandrostenone
3alpha,16beta-Dihydroxyandrostenone belongs to the class of organic compounds known as androgens and derivatives. These are 3-hydroxylated C19 steroid hormones. They are known to favour the development of masculine characteristics. They also show profound effects on scalp and body hair in humans. Thus, 3alpha,16beta-dihydroxyandrostenone is considered to be a steroid lipid molecule. 3alpha,16beta-Dihydroxyandrostenone is an unusual steroid found in the urinary excretion of a subject having a virilizing malignant adrenocortical tumor; apparent 21-steroid hydroxylase deficiency is discussed in the light of these results as well as the hormonogenesis enzymatic induction of the tumour biopsy (PMID: 198067). 3a,16b-Dihydroxyandrostenone is an unusual steroid found in the urinary excretion of a subject having a virilizing malignant adrenocortical tumor; apparent 21-steroid hydroxylase deficiency is discussed at the light of these results and of the hormonogenesis enzymatic induction of the tumour biopsy. (PMID 198067) [HMDB]
3alpha,16alpha-Dihydroxyandrostenone
3alpha,16alpha-Dihydroxyandrostenone belongs to the class of organic compounds known as androgens and derivatives. These are 3-hydroxylated C19 steroid hormones. They are known to favour the development of masculine characteristics. They also show profound effects on scalp and body hair in humans. Thus, 3alpha,16alpha-dihydroxyandrostenone is considered to be a steroid lipid molecule. 3alpha,16alpha-Dihydroxyandrostenone is the most abundant single urinary metabolite of 16alpha-hydroxydehydroisoandrosterone present in normal, non-pregnant humans (PMID: 6049445). 3alpha,16alpha-Dihydroxyandrostenone was found in the urine sample from a patient who had an inoperable asymptomatic adrenal carcinoma and who excreted about 5 mg/day (PMID: 4733093). 3alpha,16-Dihydroxyandrostenone is a urinary C19 steroid usually present at a very low level in normal pregnancy; however, it is increased in women with androgenic alopecia (PMID: 10751586). 3a,16a-Dihydroxyandrostenone is the most abundant single urinary metabolite of 16a-hydroxydehydroisoandrosterone (PMID 6049445), present in normal, non-pregnant human. It was found in the urine sample from a patient who had an inoperable asymptomatic adrenal carcinoma and who excreted about 5 mg/day (PMID 4733093) [HMDB]
5alpha-androstan-3alpha,17alpha-diol monosulfate
3beta,17alpha-Dihydroxy-5alpha-androstane is a steroid found in the monosulfate fraction of normal human feces. Several steroids identified in the disulfate fraction of human bile are found in the monosulfate fraction of human feces, indicating partial hydrolysis of diconjugates in the intestine. The androstanediols and pregnanediols found in the feces are primarily of a 3beta-hydroxy-5alpha- or 3beta-hydroxy-5beta-structure, whereas those in the bile are of a 3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha- or 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-structure. This suggests the conversion of a 3alpha-hydroxyl to a 3beta-hydroxyl in the intestine in vivo. 3beta,17alpha-Dihydroxy-5alpha-androstane is also found unconjugated in normal human plasma (PMID: 4245755, 4223807, 4321841, 1769135). D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D045930 - Anabolic Agents
5alpha-Androstane-3alpha,17alpha-diol
5alpha-Androstane-3alpha,17a-diol belongs to the class of organic compounds known as androgens and derivatives. These are 3-hydroxylated C19 steroid hormones. They are known to favour the development of masculine characteristics. They also show profound effects on scalp and body hair in humans. 5alpha-Androstane-3alpha,17a-diol is a steroid found in feces from pregnant women (PMID: 5440628), the monosulfate and disulfate fractions from normal human feces (PMID: 4245755), and the glucuronide and mono- and disulphate conjugates of neutral steroids in human bile (PMID: 5493463). 5a-Androstane-3a,17a-diol is an steroid found in feces from pregnant women (PMID 5440628), primarily in the monosulfate and disulfate fractions from normal human (PMID 4245755), and glucuronide and mono- and disulphate conjugates of neutral steroids in human bile (PMID 5493463) [HMDB]
5-Androstene-3b,16a,17a-triol
5-Androstene-3b,16a,17a-triol is a normal urinary steroid in newborn infants (PMID 14709852), in the mono- and disulfate fractions of human bile (PMID 5410667), and was found in the blood of a patient with paraquat poisoning (PMID 7094338) [HMDB] 5-Androstene-3b,16a,17a-triol is a normal urinary steroid in newborn infants (PMID 14709852), in the mono- and disulfate fractions of human bile (PMID 5410667), and was found in the blood of a patient with paraquat poisoning (PMID 7094338).
Epietiocholanolone
Epietiocholanolone is an anabolic steroid similar in structure to androstenedione. Used by body-builders to add muscle mass, but with unknown side effects. An anabolic steroid similar in structure to androstenedione. It is used by body-builders to add muscle mass, but with unknown side effects. [HMDB]
5-Androstenetriol
5-Androstenetriol is a metabolite of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) found in normal urine in healthy subjects during growth (PMID 15671100), and is one of the markers that reflects the changes of the adrenarche process in boys and girls (Adrenarche is the adrenal glands maturaty). [HMDB] 5-Androstenetriol is a metabolite of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) found in normal urine in healthy subjects during growth (PMID 15671100), and is one of the markers that reflects the changes of the adrenarche process in boys and girls (Adrenarche is the adrenal glands maturaty).
Etiocholanediol
Etiocholanediol is one of the compounds tested to allow for the unequivocal identification of the presence of urinary anabolic steroids and metabolites banned for use in sport by athletes. In urine samples collected for anti-doping purposes with moderately elevated testosterone and epitestosterone ratio, or when a suspicion of manipulation of the sample occurs, Etiocholanediol is tested for further clarification. It is worth mentioning that the concentration parameters vary enormously according to the gender of the subjects, ethnic origin, the urine collection period (before or after effort, period of the day) and the hydration state of the athlete. Urinary steroid data using several methodologies are not appropriate for identification purposes and to an extent not unique to individuals. (PMID: 16337352, 16338181, 16337352, 17260133) [HMDB] Etiocholanediol is one of the compounds tested to allow for the unequivocal identification of the presence of urinary anabolic steroids and metabolites banned for use in sport by athletes. In urine samples collected for anti-doping purposes with moderately elevated testosterone and epitestosterone ratio, or when a suspicion of manipulation of the sample occurs, Etiocholanediol is tested for further clarification. It is worth mentioning that the concentration parameters vary enormously according to the gender of the subjects, ethnic origin, the urine collection period (before or after effort, period of the day) and the hydration state of the athlete. Urinary steroid data using several methodologies are not appropriate for identification purposes and to an extent not unique to individuals. (PMID: 16337352, 16338181, 16337352, 17260133).
Dihydroandrosterone
Dihydroandrosterone is a major metabolite of testosterone. Dihydroandrosterone is the main steroid produced by the immature ovary; at puberty the synthesis of steroids shifts toward 4-ene-3-oxo steroids. testosterone 5a-reduced metabolites, including dihydrotestosterone are produced in the anterior pituitary and the central nervous system. Anabolic androgen steroid (AAS) are one of primary performance-enhancing substances abused by athletes. To defeat doping controls, athletes changed to take endogenous androgens from the application of synthetic AAS. testosterone was one candidate of endogenous androgens abused in sports. testosterone and its relevant steroids in urine is detected and monitored with GC/MS. The abuse of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AS) is a growing problem; however, the effects and mechanisms underlying their addictive effects are not well understood. (PMID: 17112575, 6243214, 491593, 491592) [HMDB] Dihydroandrosterone is a major metabolite of testosterone. Dihydroandrosterone is the main steroid produced by the immature ovary; at puberty the synthesis of steroids shifts toward 4-ene-3-oxo steroids. testosterone 5a-reduced metabolites, including dihydrotestosterone are produced in the anterior pituitary and the central nervous system. Anabolic androgen steroid (AAS) are one of primary performance-enhancing substances abused by athletes. To defeat doping controls, athletes changed to take endogenous androgens from the application of synthetic AAS. testosterone was one candidate of endogenous androgens abused in sports. testosterone and its relevant steroids in urine is detected and monitored with GC/MS. The abuse of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AS) is a growing problem; however, the effects and mechanisms underlying their addictive effects are not well understood. (PMID: 17112575, 6243214, 491593, 491592).
Epitestosterone
Epitestosterone, or isotestosterone, also known as 17alpha-testosterone or as androst-4-en-17alpha-ol-3-one belongs to the class of organic compounds known as androgens and derivatives. These are 3-hydroxylated C19 steroid hormones. Epitestosterone is an endogenous steroid and a C-17 epimer of the androgen sex hormone testosterone. It is a weak competitive antagonist of the androgen receptor (AR) and a potent 5alpha-reductase inhibitor. Structurally, epitestosterone differs from testosterone only in the configuration at the hydroxy-bearing carbon, C17. Epitestosterone is believed to form in a similar way to testosterone with 50\\% of epitestosterone production in human males taking place in the testis. Epitestosterone levels are typically highest in young males; however, by adulthood, most healthy males exhibit a testosterone to epitestosterone ratio (T/E ratio) of about 1:1 (PMID: 11901061). A study of Australian athletes found that the mean T/E ratio in the study was 1.15:1. Another study found that the max T/E ratio for the 95th percentile of athletes was 3.71:1, and the max T/E ratio for the 99th percentile was 5.25:1. Epitestosterone has not been shown to enhance athletic performance, although administration of epistestosterone can be used to mask a high level of testosterone if the standard T/E ratio test is used. As such, epitestosterone is banned by many sporting authorities as a masking agent for testosterone. Interestingly, small amounts of ethanol can elevate T/E values, with women being more susceptible (PMID: 28671321). Testosterone is a steroid hormone from the androgen group and is found in mammals, reptiles, birds, and other vertebrates. In mammals, testosterone is primarily secreted in the testicles of males and the ovaries of females, although small amounts are also secreted by the adrenal glands. It is the principal male sex hormone and an anabolic steroid. [Wikipedia]. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
7b-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone
7b-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone is one of the major metabolites of dehydroepiandrosterone. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a precursor of testosterone. DHEA) is 7a-hydroxylated by the cytochrome P450 7B1 (CYP7B1) in the human brain and liver. This produces 7a-hydroxy-DHEA that is a substrate for 11b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11b-HSD1) which exists in the same tissues and carries out the inter-conversion of 7a- and 7b-hydroxy-DHEA through a 7-oxo-intermediary. Both 7a-hydroxy-DHEA and 7b-hydroxy-DHEA competitively inhibited the cortisol oxidation, 7b-hydroxy-DHEA being seven times more potent in humans. Distinct species-specific routes of metabolism of DHEA and the interconversion of its metabolites obviate extrapolation of animal studies to humans. (PMID: 17467270, 12667489) [HMDB] 7b-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone is one of the major metabolites of dehydroepiandrosterone. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a precursor of testosterone. DHEA) is 7a-hydroxylated by the cytochrome P450 7B1 (CYP7B1) in the human brain and liver. This produces 7a-hydroxy-DHEA that is a substrate for 11b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11b-HSD1) which exists in the same tissues and carries out the inter-conversion of 7a- and 7b-hydroxy-DHEA through a 7-oxo-intermediary. Both 7a-hydroxy-DHEA and 7b-hydroxy-DHEA competitively inhibited the cortisol oxidation, 7b-hydroxy-DHEA being seven times more potent in humans. Distinct species-specific routes of metabolism of DHEA and the interconversion of its metabolites obviate extrapolation of animal studies to humans. (PMID: 17467270, 12667489). D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
Formebolone
Formebolone is a synthetic anabolic steroid. It is suspected of misuse in sports and therefore tested for in regular screening of athletes. The desire to artificially enhance physical performance in order to increase the chances to win in sports competition is supposedly as old as mankind itself. Already during the ancient Olympic Games, in approximately 200 B.C., athletes used concoctions of mushrooms and plant seeds, as well as special diets including bovine and canine testicles, as reported by Philostratos and Galen. The attempt to improve the power and strength of racing animals also has a long history, as it has been reported that the ancient Romans fed their horses so-called Hydromel, a mixture of honey and water, in order to increase endurance. The manipulation of the capacities of an athlete or animal has been referred to as doping since 1889, when this term, originating from a dialect spoken in the south-eastern region of Africa, was included in a British dictionary. With the athlete Linton, the first authentic doping-related death occurred in 1886 during a cycle race (Paris-Bordeaux), caused by an overdose of caffeine. (For a more complete review on doping see PMID: 15808003) [HMDB] Formebolone is a synthetic anabolic steroid. It is suspected of misuse in sports and therefore tested for in regular screening of athletes. The desire to artificially enhance physical performance in order to increase the chances to win in sports competition is supposedly as old as mankind itself. Already during the ancient Olympic Games, in approximately 200 B.C., athletes used concoctions of mushrooms and plant seeds, as well as special diets including bovine and canine testicles, as reported by Philostratos and Galen. The attempt to improve the power and strength of racing animals also has a long history, as it has been reported that the ancient Romans fed their horses so-called Hydromel, a mixture of honey and water, in order to increase endurance. The manipulation of the capacities of an athlete or animal has been referred to as doping since 1889, when this term, originating from a dialect spoken in the south-eastern region of Africa, was included in a British dictionary. With the athlete Linton, the first authentic doping-related death occurred in 1886 during a cycle race (Paris-Bordeaux), caused by an overdose of caffeine. (For a more complete review on doping see PMID: 15808003). C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C2360 - Anabolic Steroid
4-Chloromethandienone
4-Chloromethandienone is a synthetic anabolic steroid, suspected of misuse in sports. Although the widespread use of androgenic anabolic steroids might be implicated in the development of hormone-sensitive tumors, there are few reports regarding a possible causal relation between doping and cancer; however, there is one reported case of a 32-year-old man that underwent right radical orchiectomy for a tumor (identified as an intratesticular leiomyosarcoma) of the upper pole of the right testicle where the patient reported a 5-year history of systematic use of high dose of 4-Chloromethandienone. (PMID: 10526287) [HMDB] 4-Chloromethandienone is a synthetic anabolic steroid, suspected of misuse in sports. Although the widespread use of androgenic anabolic steroids might be implicated in the development of hormone-sensitive tumors, there are few reports regarding a possible causal relation between doping and cancer; however, there is one reported case of a 32-year-old man that underwent right radical orchiectomy for a tumor (identified as an intratesticular leiomyosarcoma) of the upper pole of the right testicle where the patient reported a 5-year history of systematic use of high dose of 4-Chloromethandienone. (PMID: 10526287). D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
Dehydroandrosterone
Dehydroandrosterone is a normal human androgen. It has been found dehydroandrosterone and other androgens excretion is affected by seasonal rhythms changes. In a study of patients with peptic ulcer in the stage of remission, their androgen levels were higher both in summer and winter, but in the spring their levels are higher in normal subjects. There is a high correlation between Dehydroandrosterone excretion and testosterone; this ratio is also used as an aid for a better discrimination between physiologically high and pharmacologically high ratios of testosterone in sports. (PMID: 3157236, 9001956, 10774538) [HMDB] Dehydroandrosterone is a normal human androgen. It has been found dehydroandrosterone and other androgens excretion is affected by seasonal rhythms changes. In a study of patients with peptic ulcer in the stage of remission, their androgen levels were higher both in summer and winter, but in the spring their levels are higher in normal subjects. There is a high correlation between Dehydroandrosterone excretion and testosterone; this ratio is also used as an aid for a better discrimination between physiologically high and pharmacologically high ratios of testosterone in sports. (PMID: 3157236, 9001956, 10774538).
Epimetendiol
Epimetendiol is one of the major urinary metabolites of the anabolic androgenic compound metandienone. Anabolic-androgenic steroids such as metandienone are some of the most frequently detected drugs in amateur and professional sports. Doping control laboratories have developed numerous assays enabling the determination of administered drugs and/or their metabolic products that allow retrospectives with respect to pharmacokinetics and excretion profiles of steroids and their metabolites. Metandienone misuse can be detected by high resolution mass spectrometry for a prolonged period after stopping the intake of metandienone. Androgenic anabolic steroids are defined as natural, synthetic or semi-synthetic drugs chemicals derived from testosterone, used with the aim to improve physical performance by increasing both muscle strength and mass. Despite their reported toxicological effects on the cardiovascular, hepatic and neuro-endocrine systems, the AAS have been extensively used in sports activities. The use of anabolic steroids was banned by the International Olympic Committee for the first time at the Olympic Games in Montreal in 1976. Androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS) are defined as natural, synthetic or semi-synthetic drugs chemicals derived from testosterone, used with the aim to improve physical performance by increasing both muscle strength and mass. Despite their reported toxicological effects on the cardiovascular, hepatic and neuro-endocrine systems, the AAS have been extensively used in sports activities. (PMID: 16804957, 10595716, 10506840, 1089834, 14085300, 14141174, 3279830, 4231505, 4361633, 4592844, 4612989, 4896687, 4907221, 4942579, 6394898) [HMDB] Epimetendiol is one of the major urinary metabolites of the anabolic androgenic compound metandienone. Anabolic-androgenic steroids such as metandienone are some of the most frequently detected drugs in amateur and professional sports. Doping control laboratories have developed numerous assays enabling the determination of administered drugs and/or their metabolic products that allow retrospectives with respect to pharmacokinetics and excretion profiles of steroids and their metabolites. Metandienone misuse can be detected by high resolution mass spectrometry for a prolonged period after stopping the intake of metandienone. Androgenic anabolic steroids are defined as natural, synthetic or semi-synthetic drugs chemicals derived from testosterone, used with the aim to improve physical performance by increasing both muscle strength and mass. Despite their reported toxicological effects on the cardiovascular, hepatic and neuro-endocrine systems, the AAS have been extensively used in sports activities. The use of anabolic steroids was banned by the International Olympic Committee for the first time at the Olympic Games in Montreal in 1976. Androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS) are defined as natural, synthetic or semi-synthetic drugs chemicals derived from testosterone, used with the aim to improve physical performance by increasing both muscle strength and mass. Despite their reported toxicological effects on the cardiovascular, hepatic and neuro-endocrine systems, the AAS have been extensively used in sports activities. (PMID: 16804957, 10595716, 10506840, 1089834, 14085300, 14141174, 3279830, 4231505, 4361633, 4592844, 4612989, 4896687, 4907221, 4942579, 6394898).
7a,17-dimethyl-5b-Androstane-3a,17b-diol
7a,17-dimethyl-5b-Androstane-3a,17b-diol is a urinary metabolite of the anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) bolasterone. Androgenic anabolic steroids are defined as natural, synthetic or semi-synthetic drugs chemicals derived from testosterone, used with the aim to improve physical performance by increasing both muscle strength and mass. Despite their reported toxicological effects on the cardiovascular, hepatic and neuro-endocrine systems, the AAS have been extensively used in sports activities. The use of anabolic steroids was banned by the International Olympic Committee for the first time at the Olympic Games in Montreal in 1976. Since that time the misuse of anabolic steroids by athletes has been controlled by analysis of urine of the excreted steroids or their metabolites, or both. (PMID: 10932808, 14976846, 15042372, 15231229, 16195040, 16292586, 1663826, 16799097, 16888758, 16923823, 17667636, 17723876, 17723877, 2079979, 3308301, 8456050, 8674183, 8725393, 9216475) [HMDB] 7a,17-dimethyl-5b-Androstane-3a,17b-diol is a urinary metabolite of the anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) bolasterone. Androgenic anabolic steroids are defined as natural, synthetic or semi-synthetic drugs chemicals derived from testosterone, used with the aim to improve physical performance by increasing both muscle strength and mass. Despite their reported toxicological effects on the cardiovascular, hepatic and neuro-endocrine systems, the AAS have been extensively used in sports activities. The use of anabolic steroids was banned by the International Olympic Committee for the first time at the Olympic Games in Montreal in 1976. Since that time the misuse of anabolic steroids by athletes has been controlled by analysis of urine of the excreted steroids or their metabolites, or both. (PMID: 10932808, 14976846, 15042372, 15231229, 16195040, 16292586, 1663826, 16799097, 16888758, 16923823, 17667636, 17723876, 17723877, 2079979, 3308301, 8456050, 8674183, 8725393, 9216475).
11beta-Hydroxy-3,20-dioxopregn-4-en-21-oic acid
11b-hydroxy-3,20-dioxopregn-4-en-21-oic acid or HDOPA is a major metabolite of corticosterone that is typically elevated in the liver. The in vivo conversion of corticosterone to DHOPA and then to HDOPA is thought to proceed via the aldehyde intermediate 11b-hydroxy-3,20-dioxopregn-4-en-21-al. Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), is known to convert corticosterone to the gem-diol form of the aldehyde. Because CYP3A4 is highly abundant in the liver, the conversion of corticosterone to its aldehyde presumably occurs readily, and the formation of DHOPA by isomerization of the aldehyde. Subsequent dehydrogenation of DHOPA to HDOPA may be done by one of several liver specfici dehydrogenases. Possible candidates include aldehyde dehydrogenase type 3, lactate dehydrogenase A4, or 11b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase I. HDOPA has also been identified as a biomarker that is elevated (3700 X) in animals that have been treated with PPARalpha agonists. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) is a nuclear receptor with manifold effects on intermediary metabolism (PMID: 17550978). [HMDB] 11b-hydroxy-3,20-dioxopregn-4-en-21-oic acid or HDOPA is a major metabolite of corticosterone that is typically elevated in the liver. The in vivo conversion of corticosterone to DHOPA and then to HDOPA is thought to proceed via the aldehyde intermediate 11b-hydroxy-3,20-dioxopregn-4-en-21-al. Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), is known to convert corticosterone to the gem-diol form of the aldehyde. Because CYP3A4 is highly abundant in the liver, the conversion of corticosterone to its aldehyde presumably occurs readily, and the formation of DHOPA by isomerization of the aldehyde. Subsequent dehydrogenation of DHOPA to HDOPA may be done by one of several liver specfici dehydrogenases. Possible candidates include aldehyde dehydrogenase type 3, lactate dehydrogenase A4, or 11b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase I. HDOPA has also been identified as a biomarker that is elevated (3700 X) in animals that have been treated with PPARalpha agonists. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) is a nuclear receptor with manifold effects on intermediary metabolism (PMID: 17550978).
3a,7b,21-Trihydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid
3a,7b,21-Trihydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid is a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depends only on presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 21. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of holesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an nterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g., membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues. (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135). 3a,7b,21-Trihydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid is a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depends only on presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 21.
5-Androstene-3alpha-16beta,17beta-triol
5-Androstene-3alpha-16beta,17beta-triol belongs to the class of organic compounds known as androgens and derivatives. These are 3-hydroxylated C19 steroid hormones. They are known to favour the development of masculine characteristics. They also show profound effects on scalp and body hair in humans. 5-Androstene-3alpha-16beta,17beta-triol is classified as an androgen or an androgen derivative. A human metabolite taken as a putative food compound of mammalian origin [HMDB]
Loteprednol
C21H27ClO5 (394.15469220000006)
Loteprednol (as Loteprednol Etabonate) is a topical corticoid antiinflammatory. It is used in ophthalmic solution for the treatment of steroid responsive inflammatory conditions of the eye such as allergic conjunctivitis, uveitis, acne rosacea, superficial punctate keratitis, herpes zoster keratitis, iritis, cyclitis, and selected infective conjunctivitides. As a nasal spray, is used for the treatment and management of seasonal allergic rhinitis. S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01B - Antiinflammatory agents > S01BA - Corticosteroids, plain C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C211 - Therapeutic Corticosteroid D018926 - Anti-Allergic Agents
Dutasteride
Dutasteride belongs to a class of drugs called 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors, which block the action of the 5-alpha-reductase enzymes that convert testosterone into dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Finasteride also belongs to this group, but while dutasteride inhibits both isoforms of 5-alpha reductase, finasteride inhibits only one. Even so, a clinical study done by GlaxoSmithKline, the EPICS trial, did not find dutasteride to be more effective than finasteride in treating BPH. [Wikipedia] G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G04 - Urologicals > G04C - Drugs used in benign prostatic hypertrophy > G04CB - Testosterone-5-alpha reductase inhibitors D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D065088 - Steroid Synthesis Inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065088 - Steroid Synthesis Inhibitors > D058891 - 5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C547 - Hormone Antagonist > C242 - Anti-Androgen COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C2319 - 5 Alpha-Reductase Inhibitor C1892 - Chemopreventive Agent Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Tipredane
C22H31FO2S2 (410.17493979999995)
Tipredane belongs to the family of Sesterterpenes. These are terpenes compsed of five consecutive isoprene units.
17-Hydroxymethylethisterone
17-Hydroxymethylethisterone is a metabolite of danazol. Danazol is a derivative of the synthetic steroid ethisterone, a modified testosterone. Also known as 17alpha-ethinyl testosterone. Before becoming available as a generic drug, Danazol was marketed as Danocrine in the United States. It was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as the first drug to specifically treat endometriosis in the early 1970s. Although effective for endometriosis, its use is limited by its masculinizing side-effects. (Wikipedia)
omega-hydroxyfinasteride
omega-hydroxyfinasteride is a metabolite of finasteride. Finasteride (brand names Proscar and Propecia by Merck, among other generic names) is a synthetic 5α-reductase inhibitor, an inhibitor of the enzyme that converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Finasteride is approved for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and male pattern baldness (MPB). (Wikipedia)
5beta-Dihydroepitestosterone
5beta-dihydroepitestosterone is also known as (5beta)-17alpha-Hydroxyandrostan-3-one. 5beta-dihydroepitestosterone is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and basic
(17S)-10,13-Dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,17-diol
4-Androsten-4-ol-3,17-dione
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
(17beta)-17-Hydroxyandrostan-3-one
1-Hydroxytestosterone
(3R,5S,8S,9S,10S,11S,13S,14S)-3,11-Dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyltetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17(2H)-one
(8R,9R,10S,11S,13R,14R)-11-Hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,17-dione
11-Ketotestosterone
15-Hydroxytestosterone
4,7beta-Dimethyl-4-azacholestan-3-one
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D065088 - Steroid Synthesis Inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065088 - Steroid Synthesis Inhibitors > D058891 - 5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors
Androst-5-ene-3beta,17beta-diol
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D045930 - Anabolic Agents
16beta-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone
17-Dihydroexemestane
Progestoral
Pregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one, 17-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-, (2alpha,17alpha)-
2-Methyltestosterone
3-alpha-hydroxy-5-beta-androstan-17-one
3beta-Hydroxy-5,7-androstadien-17-one
5alpha-Androstenone
Androgen metabolite which causes ``boar taint in pigmeat products. 5alpha-Androst-16-en-3-one is found in wild celery, parsnip, and animal foods.
17-N,N-Diisopropylcarbamoyl-4-azaandrostan-3-one
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D065088 - Steroid Synthesis Inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065088 - Steroid Synthesis Inhibitors > D058891 - 5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors
(3R)-10,13-Dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol
4-Androsten-6-beta,17-beta-diol-3-one
4-Hydroxytestosterone
(8R,9S,10R,13S,14S)-4-Hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16-dodecahydro-2H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,17-dione
17-N,N-Diethylcarbamoyl-4-methyl-4-azaandrostane-3-one
5alpha-Androsta-16-ene-3-ol
Aroma substance from the Perigord truffle tuber
5alpha-Androstane-3beta,7alpha,17beta-triol
7-Keto-dehydroepiandrosterone
3beta,7-Dihydroxyandrosta-5-ene-17-one
7alpha,17beta-Dihydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one
(8R,9R,10R,13S,14S)-10,13-Dimethyl-2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,17-dione
A delta-4 19-carbon steroid that is produced not only in the testis, but also in the ovary and the adrenal cortex. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to testosterone as well as estrone and estradiol. It is the common precursor of male and female sex hormones. Some androstenedione is also secreted into the plasma, and may be converted in peripheral tissues to testosterone and estrogens. Androstenedione originates either from the conversion of dehydroepiandrosterone or from 17-hydroxyprogesterone. It is further converted to either testosterone or estrone. The production of adrenal androstenedione is governed by ACTH, while production of gonadal androstenedione is under control by gonadotropins. [HMDB]
Androst-4-ene-3,6,17-trione
Androsta-1,4,6-triene-3,17-dione
Androsta-4,16-dien-3-one
Canrenoic acid
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D000451 - Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D045283 - Natriuretic Agents D045283 - Natriuretic Agents > D004232 - Diuretics
3beta-Hydroxy-17-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)androsta-5,16-diene
3b-Hydroxy-17-(1h-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)androsta-5,16-diene
17-(1h-Imidazol-1-yl)androsta-4,16-diene-3-one
Cyanoketone
C23H33NO2 (355.25111580000004)
Dimethisterone
fluticasone
C22H27F3O4S (444.1582058000001)
(5alpha,17beta)-17-Benzoyl-4-azaandrost-1-en-3-one
Mestaline
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
11,17beta-Dihydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one
oxymetholone
Chembl4569322
Rosterolone
Androst-5-en-3-one, 17-hydroxy-7-methyl-, (7alpha,17beta)-
11,17-Dihydroxy-6-methyl-17-(1-propynyl)androsta-1,4,6-triene-3-one
(8S,9S,10R,11S,13S,14S,17S)-11,17-Dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-17-prop-1-ynyl-9,11,12,14,15,16-hexahydro-8H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
(3S,8R,9S,10R,13S,14S)-10,13-Dimethyl-17-pyrimidin-5-yl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol
(8R,9R,10R,13S,14S)-10,13-Dimethyl-5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-decahydro-4H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,17-dione
(2S)-2-[[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-Aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methylamino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoic acid
(8R,9R,10R,13S,14S)-10,13-Dimethyl-4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-3H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,17-diol
(8R,9S,10R,13S,14S,17S)-2,2,17-Trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
(8R,9R,10R,13S,14S)-17-Ethynyl-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,7,17-triol
(8R,9R,10R,13S,14S)-10,13-Dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,7,17-triol
(8S,9R,10R,13S,14S)-10,13-Dimethyl-4,5,6,7,8,9,12,14,15,16-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,11,17-trione
(8R,9S,10S,13S,14S,17S)-17-Hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-2,3-dione
(8S,9R,10R,13S,14S)-11-Hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-decahydro-4H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,17-dione
Turosteride
C27H45N3O3 (459.34607400000004)
17-Epimethyltestosterone
7-beta-Hydroxyepiandrosterone
(8R,9S,10R,13S,14S,17S)-17-Hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-2,3-dione
(8R,9S,10S,13S,14S,17R)-16-Fluoro-17-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
C19H29FO2 (308.21514659999997)
Androsterol
Androsterol is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Androsterol can be found in dandelion, which makes androsterol a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
19-oxoandrostenedione
19-oxoandrostenedione belongs to androgens and derivatives class of compounds. Those are 3-hydroxylated C19 steroid hormones. They are known to favor the development of masculine characteristics. They also show profound effects on scalp and body hair in humans. 19-oxoandrostenedione is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). 19-oxoandrostenedione can be found in a number of food items such as cassava, pepper (spice), durian, and common salsify, which makes 19-oxoandrostenedione a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
5',5'-diadenosine triphosphate
5,5-diadenosine triphosphate is slightly soluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). 5,5-diadenosine triphosphate can be found in a number of food items such as cashew nut, arrowroot, kelp, and parsnip, which makes 5,5-diadenosine triphosphate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
5-androstene-3,17-dione
5-androstene-3,17-dione belongs to androgens and derivatives class of compounds. Those are 3-hydroxylated C19 steroid hormones. They are known to favor the development of masculine characteristics. They also show profound effects on scalp and body hair in humans. 5-androstene-3,17-dione is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). 5-androstene-3,17-dione can be found in a number of food items such as taro, red raspberry, calabash, and garland chrysanthemum, which makes 5-androstene-3,17-dione a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.