Sparteine (BioDeep_00000002013)

 

Secondary id: BioDeep_00000171951, BioDeep_00000409931, BioDeep_00000859195

natural product PANOMIX_OTCML-2023


代谢物信息卡片


7,14-METHANO-2H,6H-DIPYRIDO(1,2-A:1,2-E)(1,5)DIAZOCINE, DODECAHYDRO-, (7S-(7.ALPHA.,7A.BETA.,14.ALPHA.,14A.BETA.))-

化学式: C15H26N2 (234.2096)
中文名称: (-)-鹰爪豆碱, (+)-鹰爪豆碱, 鹰爪豆碱, (-)-金雀花碱, (-)-司巴丁, (+)-金雀花碱, β-异斯巴丁
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 Chinese Herbal Medicine(otcml) 48.25%

分子结构信息

SMILES: C1CCN2CC3CC(C2C1)CN4C3CCCC4
InChI: InChI=1S/C15H26N2/c1-3-7-16-11-13-9-12(14(16)5-1)10-17-8-4-2-6-15(13)17/h12-15H,1-11H2

描述信息

Sparteine is a quinolizidine alkaloid and a quinolizidine alkaloid fundamental parent.
Sparteine is a plant alkaloid derived from Cytisus scoparius and Lupinus mutabilis which may chelate calcium and magnesium. It is a sodium channel blocker, so it falls in the category of class 1a antiarrhythmic agents. Sparteine is not currently FDA-approved for human use, and its salt, sparteine sulfate, is one of the products that have been withdrawn or removed from the market for reasons of safety or effectiveness.
Sparteine is a natural product found in Ormosia coarctata, Thermopsis chinensis, and other organisms with data available.
A quinolizidine alkaloid isolated from several FABACEAE including LUPINUS; SPARTIUM; and CYTISUS. It has been used as an oxytocic and an anti-arrhythmia agent. It has also been of interest as an indicator of CYP2D6 genotype.
See also: Cytisus scoparius flowering top (part of).
C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy > C01B - Antiarrhythmics, class i and iii > C01BA - Antiarrhythmics, class ia
C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System > C47793 - Antiarrhythmic Agent
D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents
D012102 - Reproductive Control Agents > D010120 - Oxytocics
Annotation level-1
CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 53
CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 39
CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 32
INTERNAL_ID 24; CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1)
CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 24
CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 17
CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 9
CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2
relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.395
beta-Isosparteine is a natural product found in Ulex airensis, Ulex densus, and other organisms with data available.
A quinolizidine alkaloid isolated from several FABACEAE including LUPINUS; SPARTIUM; and CYTISUS. It has been used as an oxytocic and an anti-arrhythmia agent. It has also been of interest as an indicator of CYP2D6 genotype.
(+)-Sparteine is a natural product found in Baptisia australis, Dermatophyllum secundiflorum, and other organisms with data available.
A quinolizidine alkaloid isolated from several FABACEAE including LUPINUS; SPARTIUM; and CYTISUS. It has been used as an oxytocic and an anti-arrhythmia agent. It has also been of interest as an indicator of CYP2D6 genotype.
(-)-Sparteine is a natural alkaloid isolated from beans.
(-)-Sparteine is a natural alkaloid isolated from beans.
(+)-Sparteine is a natural alkaloid acting as a ganglionic blocking agent. (+)-Sparteine competitively blocks nicotinic ACh receptor in the neurons.
(+)-Sparteine is a natural alkaloid acting as a ganglionic blocking agent. (+)-Sparteine competitively blocks nicotinic ACh receptor in the neurons.
(+)-Sparteine is a natural alkaloid acting as a ganglionic blocking agent. (+)-Sparteine competitively blocks nicotinic ACh receptor in the neurons.

同义名列表

115 个代谢物同义名

7,14-Methano-2H,6H-dipyrido(1,2-a:1,2-e)(1,5)diazocine, dodecahydro-, (7S-(7alpha,7aalpha,14alpha,14abeta))-; 7,14-Methano-2H,6H-dipyrido[1,2-a:1,2-e][1,5]diazocine, dodecahydro-, [7S-(7alpha,7aalpha,14alpha,14abeta)]-; (7S-(7alpha,7aalpha,14alpha,14abeta))-dodecahydro-7,14-methano-2H,6H-dipyrido(1,2-a:1,2-e)(1,5)diazocine; [7S-(7alpha,7aalpha,14alpha,14abeta)]-Dodecahydro-7,14-methano-2H,6H-dipyrido[1,2-a:1,2-e][1,5]diazocine; 7,14-methano-2H,6H-dipyrido[1,2-a:1,2-e][1,5]diazocine, dodecahydro-, (7S,7aR,14S,14aS)-; 7,14-METHANO-2H,6H-DIPYRIDO(1,2-A:1,2-E)(1,5)DIAZOCINE, DODECAHYDRO-, (7S,7AR,14S,14AS); Pachycarpine Sulfate (1:1), Pentahydrate, (7S-(7alpha,7aalpha,14alpha,14abeta))-Isomer; (7S,7aS,14S,14aR)-dodecahydro-7,14-methano-2H,6H-dipyrido[1,2-a:1,2-e][1,5]diazocine; (7S,7aR,14S,14aS)-Dodecahydro-7,14-methano-2H,6H-dipyrido[1,2-a:1,2-e][1,5]diazocine; (7S,7aS,14S,14aR)-dodecahydro-7,14-methano-2H,6H-dipyrido(1,2-a:1,2-e)(1,5)diazocine; (7S,7aR,14S,14aS)-Tetradecahydro-7,14-methanodipyrido[1,2-a:1,2-e][1,5]diazocine; Sparteine Monohydrochloride, (7R-(7alpha,7aalpha,14alpha,14abeta))-Isomer; Sparteine Monohydroiodide, (7R-(7alpha,7aalpha,14alpha,14abeta))-Isomer; Sparteine Sulfate (1:1), (7S-(7alpha,7aalpha,14alpha,14aalpha))-Isomer; Sparteine Hydrochloride, (7R-(7alpha,7aalpha,14alpha,14abeta))-Isomer; Sparteine Sulfate (1:1), (7S-(7alpha,7aalpha,14alpha,14abeta))-Isomer; Sparteine Hydrochloride, (7S-(7alpha,7aalpha,14alpha,14abeta))-Isomer; 7,14-Methano-2H,6H-dipyrido(1,2-a:1,2-e)(1,5)diazocine, dodecahydro-; Sparteine Hydroiodide, (7R-(7alpha,7aalpha,14alpha,14abeta))-Isomer; (1S,2R,9S,10S)-7,15-diazatetracyclo[7.7.1.02,7.010,15]heptadecane; Sparteine, (7S-(7alpha,7aalpha,14alpha,14aalpha))-Isomer; Sparteine, (7S-(7alpha,7aalpha,14alpha,14abeta))-Isomer; Sparteine, (7R-(7alpha,7aalpha,14alpha,14abeta))-Isomer; Sparteine, (7R-(7alpha,7abeta,14alpha,14abeta))-Isomer; Sparteine, (7S-(7alpha,7abeta,14alpha,14abeta))-Isomer; 6-beta,7-alpha,9-alpha,11-alpha-Pachycarpine; 6beta,7alpha,9alpha,11alpha-Pachycarpine; Sulfate Anhydrous, Sparteine; Anhydrous, Sparteine Sulfate; (-)-Sparteine, >=98.0\\% (GC); Sparteine sulfate anhydrous; SLRCCWJSBJZJBV-ZQDZILKHSA-N; Esparteina [INN-Spanish]; Sparteinum [INN-Latin]; Sparteine, (-)-Isomer; Sparteine, (+)-Isomer; Sparteine (6CI,8CI); Genisteine Alkaloid; alpha-Isosparteine; SPARTEINE [WHO-DD]; alpha Isosparteine; beta-Isosparteine; beta Isosparteine; Prestwick3_000618; Sparteine sulfate; Sparteina [DCIT]; Sparteine [INN]; (-)-Lupinidine; Depasan Retard; Tox21_110386_1; SPARTEINE [MI]; (-) sparteine; sparteine-(-); BPBio1_000612; Sparteine (-); (-)-Sparteine; (-)sparteine; (+)-Spartein; Pachycarpine; Tox21_110386; D-sparteine; L-Sparteine; CAS-90-39-1; Esparteina; Sparteinum; Lupinidine; Sparteine; Sparteina; Lupinidin; Spartein; C01BA04; 7,14-METHANO-2H,6H-DIPYRIDO(1,2-A:1,2-E)(1,5)DIAZOCINE, DODECAHYDRO-, (7S-(7.ALPHA.,7A.BETA.,14.ALPHA.,14A.BETA.))-; 7,14-Methano-2H,6H-dipyrido(1,2-a:1,2-e)(1,5)diazocine, dodecahydro-, (7S-(7alpha,7abeta,14alpha,14abeta))-; Dodecahydro-7,14-methano-2H,6H-dipyrido(1,2-a:1,2-e)(1,5)diazocine (7S-(7alpha,7abeta,14alpha,14abeta))-; 7,14-METHANO-2H,6H-DIPYRIDO(1,2-A:1,2-E)(1,5)DIAZOCINE, DODECAHYDRO-, (7S,7AS,14S,14AS)-; (7S,7AS,14S,14aS)-dodecahydro-2H,6H-7,14-methanodipyrido[1,2-a:1,2-e][1,5]diazocine; (1S,2S,9S,10S)-7,15-diazatetracyclo[7.7.1.02,7.010,15]heptadecane; (1S,2S,9S,10S)-7,15-diazatetracyclo[7.7.1.0?,?.0??,??]heptadecane; 4-Chloro-8-methoxyquinoline-3-carbonyl chloride; .BETA.-ISOSPARTEINE, (+)-; .BETA.-ISOSPARTEINE [MI]; (+)-beta-isosparteine; (-)-beta-Isosparteine; .beta.-Isosparteine; .BETA.-SPARTEINE; UNII-HPV1ED2WZQ; Isosparteine; HPV1ED2WZQ; Nonalupine; [7S-(7.alpha.,7a.alpha.,14.alpha.,14a.beta.)]-Dodecahydro-7,14-methano-2H,6H-dipyrido[1,2-a:1,2-e][1,5]diazocine; (7R-(7alpha,7aalpha,14alpha,14abeta))-Dodecahydro-7,14-methano-2H,6H-dipyrido (1,2-a:1,2-e)(1,5)diazocine; 7,14-Methano-2H,6H-dipyrido(1,2-a:1,2-e)(1,5)diazocine, decahydro-, (7R,7aR,14R,14aS)-; (7R,7aR,14R,14aS)-Dodecahydro-7,14-methano-2H,6H-dipyrido[1,2-a:1,2-e][1,5]diazocine; (7R,7aR,14R,14aS)-Dodecahydro-2H,6H-7,14-methanodipyrido[1,2-a:1,2-e][1,5]diazocine; (7r,7ar,14r,14as)-dodecahydro-2h,6h-7,14-methanodipyrido[1,2-a:1,2-e][1,5]diazocine; (1R,2R,9R,10S)-7,15-diazatetracyclo[7.7.1.0^{2,7}.0^{10,15}]heptadecane; (10S,1R,2R,9R)-7,15-diazatetracyclo[7.7.1.0<2,7>.0<10,15>]heptadecane; (1R,2S,9R,10R)-7,15-diazatetracyclo[7.7.1.02,7.010,15]heptadecane; 5-23-05-00497 (Beilstein Handbook Reference); 6-alpha,7-beta,9-beta,11-beta-Sparteine; Tocosamine (Sulfate pentahydrate); Depasan (Sulfate pentahydrate); (+)-Sparteine (Pachycarpine); (+)-Sparteine, >=98.0\\% (GC); SLRCCWJSBJZJBV-TUVASFSCSA-N; (-)-Sparteine sulfate salt; Sparteine, d-isomer; sparteine-(+); (+)-Sparteine; DivK1c_000631; KBio1_000631; IDI1_000631; (-)-Sparteine; beta-Isosparteine; Sparteine



数据库引用编号

88 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

PlantCyc(0)

代谢反应

0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

549 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。

亚细胞结构定位 关联基因列表
Cytoplasm 13 AXIN2, CA1, CA3, CYP1A1, CYP2A6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP3A4, GFAP, PTTG1IP, RBFOX3
Peripheral membrane protein 3 ACHE, CYP1A1, CYP2E1
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane 8 CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP3A4
Nucleus 5 ACHE, AXIN2, PTTG1IP, RBFOX3, VEZF1
cytosol 4 AXIN2, CA1, CA3, GFAP
centrosome 1 AXIN2
nucleoplasm 3 PTTG1IP, SCNN1G, VEZF1
Cell membrane 1 ACHE
Multi-pass membrane protein 1 SCNN1G
Synapse 1 ACHE
cell surface 1 ACHE
Golgi apparatus 1 ACHE
Golgi membrane 1 INS
mitochondrial inner membrane 2 CYP1A1, CYP2E1
neuromuscular junction 1 ACHE
plasma membrane 7 ACHE, ACVR1, AXIN2, BCHE, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, SCNN1G
Membrane 6 ACHE, ACVR1, CYP2A6, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, PTTG1IP
apical plasma membrane 1 SCNN1G
extracellular exosome 3 CA1, PTTG1IP, SCNN1G
endoplasmic reticulum 1 CYP2D6
extracellular space 3 ACHE, BCHE, INS
perinuclear region of cytoplasm 1 ACHE
mitochondrion 2 CYP1A1, CYP2D6
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle 8 CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP3A4
Microsome membrane 6 CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP3A4
Single-pass type I membrane protein 2 ACVR1, PTTG1IP
Secreted 3 ACHE, BCHE, INS
extracellular region 3 ACHE, BCHE, INS
Single-pass membrane protein 1 CYP2D6
astrocyte end-foot 1 GFAP
Extracellular side 1 ACHE
external side of plasma membrane 1 SCNN1G
perikaryon 1 RBFOX3
beta-catenin destruction complex 1 AXIN2
apical part of cell 1 ACVR1
Apical cell membrane 1 SCNN1G
Mitochondrion inner membrane 2 CYP1A1, CYP2E1
basement membrane 1 ACHE
intermediate filament 1 GFAP
cell projection 1 GFAP
blood microparticle 1 BCHE
Lipid-anchor, GPI-anchor 1 ACHE
endosome lumen 1 INS
sodium channel complex 1 SCNN1G
cell body 1 GFAP
side of membrane 1 ACHE
intermediate filament cytoskeleton 1 GFAP
secretory granule lumen 1 INS
Golgi lumen 1 INS
endoplasmic reticulum lumen 2 BCHE, INS
transport vesicle 1 INS
Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane 1 INS
nuclear envelope lumen 1 BCHE
cytoplasmic microtubule 1 CYP2A6
synaptic cleft 1 ACHE
cytoplasmic side of lysosomal membrane 1 GFAP
BMP receptor complex 1 ACVR1
[Isoform H]: Cell membrane 1 ACHE
activin receptor complex 1 ACVR1


文献列表

  • Davide Mancinotti, Karen Michiko Frick, Fernando Geu-Flores. Biosynthesis of quinolizidine alkaloids in lupins: mechanistic considerations and prospects for pathway elucidation. Natural product reports. 2022 07; 39(7):1423-1437. doi: 10.1039/d1np00069a. [PMID: 35302146]
  • Stella Parmaki, Argyro Tsipa, Marlen I Vasquez, João M J Gonçalves, Ioanna Hadjiadamou, Frederico C Ferreira, Carlos A M Afonso, Chrysoulla Drouza, Michalis Koutinas. Resolution of alkaloid racemate: a novel microbial approach for the production of enantiopure lupanine via industrial wastewater valorization. Microbial cell factories. 2020 Mar; 19(1):67. doi: 10.1186/s12934-020-01324-1. [PMID: 32169079]
  • Stella Parmaki, Ioannis Vyrides, Marlen I Vasquez, Viki Hartman, Irene Zacharia, Ioanna Hadjiadamou, Catarina B M Barbeitos, Frederico C Ferreira, Carlos A M Afonso, Chrysoulla Drouza, Michalis Koutinas. Bioconversion of alkaloids to high-value chemicals: Comparative analysis of newly isolated lupanine degrading strains. Chemosphere. 2018 Feb; 193(?):50-59. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.165. [PMID: 29126065]
  • Benedict T Green, Stephen T Lee, Kevin D Welch, Daniel Cook. Anagyrine desensitization of peripheral nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. A potential biomarker of quinolizidine alkaloid teratogenesis in cattle. Research in veterinary science. 2017 Dec; 115(?):195-200. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.04.019. [PMID: 28494312]
  • Sumira Jan, Azra N Kamili, Javid A Parray, Yashbir S Bedi, Parvaiz Ahmad. Microclimatic variation in UV perception and related disparity in tropane and quinolizidine alkaloid composition of Atropa acuminata, Lupinus polyphyllus and Hyoscyamus niger. Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology. 2016 Aug; 161(?):230-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.04.028. [PMID: 27285814]
  • M R Silva, C M Alvarez, P M García, M A Ruiz. Assessing the genotoxicities of sparteine and compounds isolated from Lupinus mexicanus and L. montanus seeds by using comet assay. Genetics and molecular research : GMR. 2014 Dec; 13(4):10510-7. doi: 10.4238/2014.december.12.12. [PMID: 25511034]
  • Sarah E J Arnold, M Eduardo Peralta Idrovo, Luis J Lomas Arias, Steven R Belmain, Philip C Stevenson. Herbivore defence compounds occur in pollen and reduce bumblebee colony fitness. Journal of chemical ecology. 2014 Aug; 40(8):878-81. doi: 10.1007/s10886-014-0467-4. [PMID: 24952086]
  • Yasuto Kido, Pär Matsson, Kathleen M Giacomini. Profiling of a prescription drug library for potential renal drug-drug interactions mediated by the organic cation transporter 2. Journal of medicinal chemistry. 2011 Jul; 54(13):4548-58. doi: 10.1021/jm2001629. [PMID: 21599003]
  • C Kragelund, C Hansen, J Reibel, B Nauntofte, K Brosen, S B Jensen, L A Torpet. Can the genotype or phenotype of two polymorphic drug metabolising cytochrome P450-enzymes identify oral lichenoid drug eruptions?. Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology. 2010 Jul; 39(6):497-505. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2010.00897.x. [PMID: 20492431]
  • Takashi Ito, Motohiro Kato, Koji Chiba, Osamu Okazaki, Yuichi Sugiyama. Estimation of the interindividual variability of cytochrome 2D6 activity from urinary metabolic ratios in the literature. Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. 2010; 25(3):243-53. doi: 10.2133/dmpk.25.243. [PMID: 20610883]
  • Dolores Pérez-Laínez, Rosario García-Mateos, Ruben San Miguel-Chávez, Marcos Soto-Hernández, Enrique Rodríguez-Pérez, Geofrey Kite. Bactericidal and fungicidal activities of Calia secundiflora (Ort.) Yakovlev. Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung. C, Journal of biosciences. 2008 Sep; 63(9-10):653-7. doi: 10.1515/znc-2008-9-1007. [PMID: 19040102]
  • Teresa Bobkiewicz-Kozłowska, Marzena Dworacka, Sebastian Kuczyński, Małgorzata Abramczyk, Renata Kolanoś, Waleria Wysocka, Pedro M Garcia Lopez, Hanna Winiarska. Hypoglycaemic effect of quinolizidine alkaloids--lupanine and 2-thionosparteine on non-diabetic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. European journal of pharmacology. 2007 Jun; 565(1-3):240-4. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.02.032. [PMID: 17379208]
  • Clive C Gay, Kip E Panter, Katrina L Mealey, John M Gay, Steven W Hjartarson, Ahmed Tibary, Ernie S Motteram, Terrie Wierenga, Lynn F James. Comparison of plasma disposition of alkaloids after lupine challenge in cattle that had given birth to calves with lupine-induced arthrogryposis or clinically normal calves. American journal of veterinary research. 2004 Nov; 65(11):1580-3. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.2004.65.1580. [PMID: 15566098]
  • Martina Herrmann, Holger Joppe, Gerhard Schmaus. Thesinine-4'-O-beta-D-glucoside the first glycosylated plant pyrrolizidine alkaloid from Borago officinalis. Phytochemistry. 2002 Jun; 60(4):399-402. doi: 10.1016/s0031-9422(02)00069-9. [PMID: 12031432]
  • Filomena M C Santana, Teresa Pinto, Arsénio M Fialho, Isabel Sá-Correia, José M A Empis. Bacterial removal of quinolizidine alkaloids and other carbon sources from a Lupinus albus aqueous extract. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2002 Apr; 50(8):2318-23. doi: 10.1021/jf011371h. [PMID: 11929291]
  • Gesche Jürgens, Kai Henrik Wiborg Lange, Lene Ørskov Reuther, Birgitte Buur Rasmussen, Kim Brøsen, Hanne Rolighed Christensen. Effect of growth hormone on hepatic cytochrome P450 activity in healthy elderly men. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2002 Mar; 71(3):162-8. doi: 10.1067/mcp.2002.121373. [PMID: 11907490]
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  • E Baltes, R Coupez, H Giezek, G Voss, C Meyerhoff, M Strolin Benedetti. Absorption and disposition of levocetirizine, the eutomer of cetirizine, administered alone or as cetirizine to healthy volunteers. Fundamental & clinical pharmacology. 2001 Aug; 15(4):269-77. doi: 10.1046/j.1472-8206.2001.00035.x. [PMID: 11564134]
  • P L Lohmann, M L Rao, M Ludwig, E U Griese, U M Zanger, K Mörike, W Maier, M Bagli. Influence of CYP2D6 genotype and medication on the sparteine metabolic ratio of psychiatric patients. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2001 Jul; 57(4):289-95. doi: 10.1007/s002280100299. [PMID: 11549206]
  • T K Bergmann, L Bathum, K Brosen. Duplication of CYP2D6 predicts high clearance of desipramine but high clearance does not predict duplication of CYP2D6. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2001 May; 57(2):123-7. doi: 10.1007/s002280100284. [PMID: 11417443]
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  • J M Pozuelo, M M Lucas, C de Lorenzo, M Fernández-Pascual, S Maldonado, M R de Felipe. Immunolocalization of alkaloids and X-ray microanalysis of elements in lupin seeds. Protoplasma. 2001; 218(1-2):104-11. doi: 10.1007/bf01288366. [PMID: 11732315]
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