Tomatine (BioDeep_00000003868)

 

Secondary id: BioDeep_00000230727

human metabolite PANOMIX_OTCML-2023 Endogenous Volatile Flavor Compounds natural product


代谢物信息卡片


2-[(2-{[4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-{5,7,9,13-tetramethyl-5-oxaspiro[pentacyclo[10.8.0.0²,⁹.0⁴,⁸.0¹³,¹⁸]icosane-6,2-piperidine]oxy}oxan-3-yl]oxy}-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy]oxan-3-yl)oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

化学式: C50H83NO21 (1033.5457308)
中文名称: 番茄碱 (来自番茄)
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 Viridiplantae(plant) 7.41%

分子结构信息

SMILES: CC1C2C(CC3C4CCC5CC(CCC5(C)C4CCC23C)OC2OC(CO)C(OC3OC(CO)C(O)C(OC4OCC(O)C(O)C4O)C3OC3OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C3O)C(O)C2O)OC11CCC(C)CN1
InChI: InChI=1S/C50H83NO21/c1-20-7-12-50(51-15-20)21(2)32-28(72-50)14-26-24-6-5-22-13-23(8-10-48(22,3)25(24)9-11-49(26,32)4)65-45-40(63)37(60)41(31(18-54)68-45)69-47-43(71-46-39(62)36(59)34(57)29(16-52)66-46)42(35(58)30(17-53)67-47)70-44-38(61)33(56)27(55)19-64-44/h20-47,51-63H,5-19H2,1-4H3

描述信息

Tomatine is a mildly toxic glycoalkaloid or glycospirosolane (steroidal alkaloids whose structure contains a spirosolane skeleton) found in the stems and leaves of tomato plants as well as in the fruit of unripened (green) tomatoes (up to 500 mg/kg). Red, ripe tomatoes have somewhat reduced amounts of tomatine. A toxic dose of tomatine for an adult human would appear to require the consumption of at least 500 g of tomato leaves in one sitting (“Toxic Plants of North America” (Iowa State University Press, 2001)). Tomatine is known to have fungicidal and antimicrobial properties and is likely produced by tomato plants as a defense against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and insects (PMID: 19514731). Some microbes produce an enzyme called tomatinase which can degrade tomatine, rendering it ineffective as an antimicrobial (PMID: 18835993).Tomatine has historically been used as a reagent in analytical chemistry for precipitating cholesterol from solution (PMID: 4362143). When lab animals ingest tomatine, essentially all of it passes through the animal unabsorbed. Tomatine apparently binds to cholesterol in the digestive tract, and the largely insoluble combination is excreted — ridding the body of both the alkaloid and cholesterol. Experiments with hamsters have shown that both tomatine-rich green tomatoes and purified tomatine can substantially lower the levels of undesirable LDL cholesterol while maintaining normal levels of HDL (PMID: 10942315). Experiments with high-tomatine green tomato extracts were recently shown to strongly inhibit the growth of a number of human cancer cell lines including breast (MCF-7), colon (HT-29), gastric (AGS), and hepatoma (liver) (HepG2), as well as normal human liver cells (PMID: 19514731). Other studies have found that purified tomatine is an outstanding immunoadjuvant capable of stimulating potent antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses that contribute to protection against malaria, Francisella tularensis and regression of experimental tumors (PMID: 15193398).
Tomatine is a mildly toxic glycoalkaloid or glycospirosolane (steroidal alkaloids whose structure contains a spirosolane skeleton) found in the stems and leaves of tomato plants as well as in the fruit of unripened (green) tomatoes (up to 500 mg/kg). Red, ripe tomatoes have somewhat reduced amounts of tomatine. A toxic dose of tomatine for an adult human would appear to require the consumption of at least 500 g of tomato leaves in one sitting (“Toxic Plants of North America” (Iowa State University Press, 2001)). Tomatine is known to have fungicidal and antimicrobial properties and is likely produced by tomato plants as a defense against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and insects (PMID: 19514731). Some microbes produce an enzyme called tomatinase which can degrade tomatine, rendering it ineffective as an antimicrobial (PMID: 18835993).Tomatine has historically been used as a reagent in analytical chemistry for precipitating cholesterol from solution (PMID: 4362143). When lab animals ingest tomatine, essentially all of it passes through the animal unabsorbed. Tomatine apparently binds to cholesterol in the digestive tract, and the largely insoluble combination is excreted — ridding the body of both the alkaloid and cholesterol. Experiments with hamsters have shown that both tomatine-rich green tomatoes and purified tomatine can substantially lower the levels of undesirable LDL cholesterol while maintaining norma
D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents
D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents
Tomatine is a glycoalkaloid, found in the tomato plant (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Tomatine elicits neurotoxicity in RIP1 kinase and caspase-independent manner. Tomatine promotes the upregulation of nuclear apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) in neuroblastoma cells. Tomatine also inhibits 20S proteasome activity[1].
Tomatine is a glycoalkaloid, found in the tomato plant (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Tomatine elicits neurotoxicity in RIP1 kinase and caspase-independent manner. Tomatine promotes the upregulation of nuclear apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) in neuroblastoma cells. Tomatine also inhibits 20S proteasome activity[1].

同义名列表

13 个代谢物同义名

2-[(2-{[4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-{5,7,9,13-tetramethyl-5-oxaspiro[pentacyclo[10.8.0.0²,⁹.0⁴,⁸.0¹³,¹⁸]icosane-6,2-piperidine]oxy}oxan-3-yl]oxy}-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy]oxan-3-yl)oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol; (3beta,5alpha,22beta,25S)-spirosolan-3-yl O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-O-(beta-D-xylopyranosyl)-(1->3)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside; (22S,25S)-5alpha-spirosolan-3beta-yl beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside; Tomatidine, glycoside; alpha -Tomatine; alpha-Tomatine; Lycopersicin; A-Tomatidine; a-Tomatine; Tomatine; Tomatin; α-Tomatine; Tomatine



数据库引用编号

22 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

PlantCyc(0)

代谢反应

3 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(3)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

62 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。



文献列表

  • Li-Hao Wang, De-Hong Tan, Xue-Song Zhong, Mei-Qi Jia, Xue Ke, Yu-Mei Zhang, Tong Cui, Lin Shi. Review on toxicology and activity of tomato glycoalkaloids in immature tomatoes. Food chemistry. 2024 Jul; 447(?):138937. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138937. [PMID: 38492295]
  • Wesam H Abdulaal, Ulfat M Omar, Mustafa Zeyadi, Dina S El-Agamy, Nabil A Alhakamy, Sabrin R M Ibrahim, Naif A R Almalki, Hani Z Asfour, Mohammed W Al-Rabia, Gamal A Mohamed, Mahmoud Elshal. Modulation of the crosstalk between Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB signaling pathways by Tomatidine protects against inflammation/oxidative stress-driven fulminant hepatic failure in mice. International immunopharmacology. 2024 Mar; 130(?):111732. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111732. [PMID: 38402834]
  • Bo Xu, Min Huang, Hang Qi, Hongzhou Xu, Liang Cai. Tomatidine activates autophagy to improve lung injury and inflammation in sepsis by inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG. 2024 Feb; 299(1):14. doi: 10.1007/s00438-024-02109-6. [PMID: 38400847]
  • Catarina Faria-Silva, Miriam de Sousa, Manuela Colla Carvalheiro, Pedro Simões, Sandra Simões. Alpha-tomatine and the two sides of the same coin: An anti-nutritional glycoalkaloid with potential in human health. Food chemistry. 2022 Oct; 391(?):133261. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133261. [PMID: 35640336]
  • Junya Fujimaki, Neo Sayama, Shigenobu Shiotani, Takanori Suzuki, Miki Nonaka, Yasuhito Uezono, Mamoru Oyabu, Yasutomi Kamei, Haruo Nukaya, Keiji Wakabayashi, Akihito Morita, Tomoki Sato, Shinji Miura. The Steroidal Alkaloid Tomatidine and Tomatidine-Rich Tomato Leaf Extract Suppress the Human Gastric Cancer-Derived 85As2 Cells In Vitro and In Vivo via Modulation of Interferon-Stimulated Genes. Nutrients. 2022 Feb; 14(5):. doi: 10.3390/nu14051023. [PMID: 35267998]
  • Christian Bailly. The steroidal alkaloids α-tomatine and tomatidine: Panorama of their mode of action and pharmacological properties. Steroids. 2021 12; 176(?):108933. doi: 10.1016/j.steroids.2021.108933. [PMID: 34695457]
  • Rafat Zrieq, Iqrar Ahmad, Mejdi Snoussi, Emira Noumi, Marcello Iriti, Fahad D Algahtani, Harun Patel, Mohd Saeed, Munazzah Tasleem, Shadi Sulaiman, Kaïss Aouadi, Adel Kadri. Tomatidine and Patchouli Alcohol as Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Enzymes (3CLpro, PLpro and NSP15) by Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. International journal of molecular sciences. 2021 Oct; 22(19):. doi: 10.3390/ijms221910693. [PMID: 34639036]
  • Ryota Akiyama, Masaru Nakayasu, Naoyuki Umemoto, Junpei Kato, Midori Kobayashi, Hyoung Jae Lee, Yukihiro Sugimoto, Yoko Iijima, Kazuki Saito, Toshiya Muranaka, Masaharu Mizutani. Tomato E8 Encodes a C-27 Hydroxylase in Metabolic Detoxification of α-Tomatine during Fruit Ripening. Plant & cell physiology. 2021 Oct; 62(5):775-783. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcab080. [PMID: 34100555]
  • Masaru Nakayasu, Kohei Ohno, Kyoko Takamatsu, Yuichi Aoki, Shinichi Yamazaki, Hisabumi Takase, Tsubasa Shoji, Kazufumi Yazaki, Akifumi Sugiyama. Tomato roots secrete tomatine to modulate the bacterial assemblage of the rhizosphere. Plant physiology. 2021 05; 186(1):270-284. doi: 10.1093/plphys/kiab069. [PMID: 33619554]
  • Shu-Ju Wu, Wen-Chung Huang, Ming-Chin Yu, Ya-Ling Chen, Szu-Chuan Shen, Kuo-Wei Yeh, Chian-Jiun Liou. Tomatidine ameliorates obesity-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry. 2021 05; 91(?):108602. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108602. [PMID: 33548473]
  • Yaohua You, Jan A L van Kan. Bitter and sweet make tomato hard to (b)eat. The New phytologist. 2021 04; 230(1):90-100. doi: 10.1111/nph.17104. [PMID: 33220068]
  • Ryota Akiyama, Bunta Watanabe, Masaru Nakayasu, Hyoung Jae Lee, Junpei Kato, Naoyuki Umemoto, Toshiya Muranaka, Kazuki Saito, Yukihiro Sugimoto, Masaharu Mizutani. The biosynthetic pathway of potato solanidanes diverged from that of spirosolanes due to evolution of a dioxygenase. Nature communications. 2021 02; 12(1):1300. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-21546-0. [PMID: 33637735]
  • Marianne Rocha-Hasler, Gabriel Melo de Oliveira, Aline Nefertiti da Gama, Ludmila Ferreira de Almeida Fiuza, Anna Frieda Fesser, Monica Cal, Romina Rocchetti, Raiza Brandão Peres, Xue Li Guan, Marcel Kaiser, Maria de Nazaré Correia Soeiro, Pascal Mäser. Combination With Tomatidine Improves the Potency of Posaconazole Against Trypanosoma cruzi. Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology. 2021; 11(?):617917. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.617917. [PMID: 33747979]
  • Pengcheng Wang, Juan Bai, Xuewei Liu, Mi Wang, Xianwei Wang, Ping Jiang. Tomatidine inhibits porcine epidemic diarrhea virus replication by targeting 3CL protease. Veterinary research. 2020 Nov; 51(1):136. doi: 10.1186/s13567-020-00865-y. [PMID: 33176871]
  • Farida S Nirmala, Hyunjung Lee, Ji-Sun Kim, Taeyoul Ha, Chang Hwa Jung, Jiyun Ahn. Green Tomato Extract Prevents Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Rats, a Model of Osteoporosis. Nutrients. 2020 Oct; 12(10):. doi: 10.3390/nu12103210. [PMID: 33096661]
  • Anil Ahsan, Yanrong Zheng, Shijia Ma, Mengru Liu, Ming Cao, Yue Li, Wanqing Zheng, Xinyu Zhou, Minhang Xin, Wei-Wei Hu, Zhong Chen, Xiangnan Zhang. Tomatidine protects against ischemic neuronal injury by improving lysosomal function. European journal of pharmacology. 2020 Sep; 882(?):173280. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173280. [PMID: 32580039]
  • Dedong Min, Fujun Li, Xixi Cui, Jingxiang Zhou, Jiaozhuo Li, Wen Ai, Pan Shu, Xinhua Zhang, Xiaoan Li, Demei Meng, Yanyin Guo, Jian Li. SlMYC2 are required for methyl jasmonate-induced tomato fruit resistance to Botrytis cinerea. Food chemistry. 2020 Apr; 310(?):125901. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125901. [PMID: 31816533]
  • Masaru Nakayasu, Ryota Akiyama, Midori Kobayashi, Hyoung Jae Lee, Takashi Kawasaki, Bunta Watanabe, Shingo Urakawa, Junpei Kato, Yukihiro Sugimoto, Yoko Iijima, Kazuki Saito, Toshiya Muranaka, Naoyuki Umemoto, Masaharu Mizutani. Identification of α-Tomatine 23-Hydroxylase Involved in the Detoxification of a Bitter Glycoalkaloid. Plant & cell physiology. 2020 Jan; 61(1):21-28. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcz224. [PMID: 31816045]
  • Tobie D Lee, Olivia W Lee, Kyle R Brimacombe, Lu Chen, Rajarshi Guha, Sabrina Lusvarghi, Bethilehem G Tebase, Carleen Klumpp-Thomas, Robert W Robey, Suresh V Ambudkar, Min Shen, Michael M Gottesman, Matthew D Hall. A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Molecular pharmacology. 2019 11; 96(5):629-640. doi: 10.1124/mol.119.115964. [PMID: 31515284]
  • Hikari Kusu, Hiroki Yoshida, Michiko Kudo, Mai Okuyama, Naoki Harada, Kentaro Tsuji-Naito, Mitsugu Akagawa. Tomatidine Reduces Palmitate-Induced Lipid Accumulation by Activating AMPK via Vitamin D Receptor-Mediated Signaling in Human HepG2 Hepatocytes. Molecular nutrition & food research. 2019 11; 63(22):e1801377. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201801377. [PMID: 31454158]
  • Marcel René Schumann, Ulrike Brandt, Christian Adis, Lisa Hartung, André Fleißner. Plasma Membrane Integrity During Cell-Cell Fusion and in Response to Pore-Forming Drugs Is Promoted by the Penta-EF-Hand Protein PEF1 in Neurospora crassa. Genetics. 2019 09; 213(1):195-211. doi: 10.1534/genetics.119.302363. [PMID: 31270133]
  • Hyoung Jae Lee, Masaru Nakayasu, Ryota Akiyama, Midori Kobayashi, Haruka Miyachi, Yukihiro Sugimoto, Naoyuki Umemoto, Kazuki Saito, Toshiya Muranaka, Masaharu Mizutani. Identification of a 3β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase/ 3-Ketosteroid Reductase Involved in α-Tomatine Biosynthesis in Tomato. Plant & cell physiology. 2019 Jun; 60(6):1304-1315. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcz049. [PMID: 30892648]
  • Zhongxiang Sun, Qi Shi, Qilin Li, Rumeng Wang, Cuicui Xu, Huanhuan Wang, Chunxia Ran, Yuanyuan Song, Rensen Zeng. Identification of a cytochrome P450 CYP6AB60 gene associated with tolerance to multi-plant allelochemicals from a polyphagous caterpillar tobacco cutworm (Spodoptera litura). Pesticide biochemistry and physiology. 2019 Feb; 154(?):60-66. doi: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.12.006. [PMID: 30765057]
  • Vignesh K Rangasami, Brijesh Lohchania, Chandrashekhar Voshavar, Harikrishna R Rachamalla, Rajkumar Banerjee, Ashish Dhayani, Saravanabhavan Thangavel, Praveen K Vemula, Srujan Marepally. Exploring membrane permeability of Tomatidine to enhance lipid mediated nucleic acid transfections. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Biomembranes. 2019 01; 1861(1):327-334. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.06.006. [PMID: 29902420]
  • Prashant D Sonawane, Uwe Heinig, Sayantan Panda, Netta Segal Gilboa, Meital Yona, S Pradeep Kumar, Noam Alkan, Tamar Unger, Samuel Bocobza, Margarita Pliner, Sergey Malitsky, Maria Tkachev, Sagit Meir, Ilana Rogachev, Asaph Aharoni. Short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase governs steroidal specialized metabolites structural diversity and toxicity in the genus Solanum. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2018 06; 115(23):E5419-E5428. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1804835115. [PMID: 29784829]
  • Carlos Rial, Elisabeth Gómez, Rosa M Varela, José M G Molinillo, Francisco A Macías. Ecological Relevance of the Major Allelochemicals in Lycopersicon esculentum Roots and Exudates. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2018 May; 66(18):4638-4644. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01501. [PMID: 29673247]
  • Mattia P Arena, Coen Govers, Concetta Lotti, Luigi Ricciardi, Harry J Wichers, Jurriaan J Mes. The Effect of Tomatine on Gene Expression and Cell Monolayer Integrity in Caco-2. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2018 Mar; 23(3):. doi: 10.3390/molecules23030644. [PMID: 29533987]
  • Isabelle Guay, Simon Boulanger, Charles Isabelle, Eric Brouillette, Félix Chagnon, Kamal Bouarab, Eric Marsault, François Malouin. Tomatidine and analog FC04-100 possess bactericidal activities against Listeria, Bacillus and Staphylococcus spp. BMC pharmacology & toxicology. 2018 02; 19(1):7. doi: 10.1186/s40360-018-0197-2. [PMID: 29439722]
  • Morgan J Cichon, Ken M Riedl, Lei Wan, Jennifer M Thomas-Ahner, David M Francis, Steven K Clinton, Steven J Schwartz. Plasma Metabolomics Reveals Steroidal Alkaloids as Novel Biomarkers of Tomato Intake in Mice. Molecular nutrition & food research. 2017 12; 61(12):. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201700241. [PMID: 28795489]
  • Stéphane Dorsaz, Tiia Snäkä, Quentin Favre-Godal, Pierre Maudens, Nathalie Boulens, Pascal Furrer, Samad Nejad Ebrahimi, Matthias Hamburger, Eric Allémann, Katia Gindro, Emerson Ferreira Queiroz, Howard Riezman, Jean-Luc Wolfender, Dominique Sanglard. Identification and Mode of Action of a Plant Natural Product Targeting Human Fungal Pathogens. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 2017 09; 61(9):. doi: 10.1128/aac.00829-17. [PMID: 28674054]
  • Daniela Correia da Silva, Paula B Andrade, Patrícia Valentão, David M Pereira. Neurotoxicity of the steroidal alkaloids tomatine and tomatidine is RIP1 kinase- and caspase-independent and involves the eIF2α branch of the endoplasmic reticulum. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology. 2017 07; 171(?):178-186. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.03.009. [PMID: 28300624]
  • Jason Carere, Aurélie H Benfield, Mélodie Ollivier, Chunji J Liu, Kemal Kazan, Donald M Gardiner. A tomatinase-like enzyme acts as a virulence factor in the wheat pathogen Fusarium graminearum. Fungal genetics and biology : FG & B. 2017 03; 100(?):33-41. doi: 10.1016/j.fgb.2017.01.007. [PMID: 28109774]
  • Chieh-Ying Kuo, Wen-Chung Huang, Chian-Jiun Liou, Li-Chen Chen, Jiann-Jong Shen, Ming-Ling Kuo. Tomatidine Attenuates Airway Hyperresponsiveness and Inflammation by Suppressing Th2 Cytokines in a Mouse Model of Asthma. Mediators of inflammation. 2017; 2017(?):5261803. doi: 10.1155/2017/5261803. [PMID: 29386751]
  • Jenny Liu, Sierra Kanetake, Yun-Hsuan Wu, Christina Tam, Luisa W Cheng, Kirkwood M Land, Mendel Friedman. Antiprotozoal Effects of the Tomato Tetrasaccharide Glycoalkaloid Tomatine and the Aglycone Tomatidine on Mucosal Trichomonads. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2016 Nov; 64(46):8806-8810. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04030. [PMID: 27934291]
  • Jason Carere, Michelle L Colgrave, Jiri Stiller, Chunji Liu, John M Manners, Kemal Kazan, Donald M Gardiner. Enzyme-driven metabolomic screening: a proof-of-principle method for discovery of plant defence compounds targeted by pathogens. The New phytologist. 2016 Nov; 212(3):770-779. doi: 10.1111/nph.14067. [PMID: 27353742]
  • Shiro Yamashoji, Eri Onoda. Detoxification and function of immature tomato. Food chemistry. 2016 Oct; 209(?):171-6. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.042. [PMID: 27173549]
  • Peng Han, Zhi-Jian Wang, Anne-Violette Lavoir, Thomas Michel, Aurélie Seassau, Wen-Yan Zheng, Chang-Ying Niu, Nicolas Desneux. Increased water salinity applied to tomato plants accelerates the development of the leaf miner Tuta absoluta through bottom-up effects. Scientific reports. 2016 09; 6(?):32403. doi: 10.1038/srep32403. [PMID: 27619473]
  • Emanuela Ventrella, Zbigniew Adamski, Ewa Chudzińska, Mariola Miądowicz-Kobielska, Paweł Marciniak, Ender Büyükgüzel, Kemal Büyükgüzel, Meltem Erdem, Patrizia Falabella, Laura Scrano, Sabino Aurelio Bufo. Solanum tuberosum and Lycopersicon esculentum Leaf Extracts and Single Metabolites Affect Development and Reproduction of Drosophila melanogaster. PloS one. 2016; 11(5):e0155958. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155958. [PMID: 27213896]
  • Simon Boulanger, Gabriel Mitchell, Kamal Bouarab, Éric Marsault, André Cantin, Eric H Frost, Eric Déziel, François Malouin. Bactericidal Effect of Tomatidine-Tobramycin Combination against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Is Enhanced by Interspecific Small-Molecule Interactions. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 2015 Dec; 59(12):7458-64. doi: 10.1128/aac.01711-15. [PMID: 26392496]
  • Mendel Friedman. Chemistry and anticarcinogenic mechanisms of glycoalkaloids produced by eggplants, potatoes, and tomatoes. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2015 Apr; 63(13):3323-37. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00818. [PMID: 25821990]
  • Giovanni Caprioli, Michael Cahill, Serena Logrippo, Kevin James. Elucidation of the mass fragmentation pathways of tomatidine and β1-hydroxytomatine using orbitrap mass spectrometry. Natural product communications. 2015 Apr; 10(4):575-6. doi: ". [PMID: 25973479]
  • Jorge Mansur Medina, Juliany Cola Fernandes Rodrigues, Otacilio C Moreira, Geórgia Atella, Wanderley de Souza, Hector Barrabin. Mechanisms of growth inhibition of Phytomonas serpens by the alkaloids tomatine and tomatidine. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. 2015 Feb; 110(1):48-55. doi: 10.1590/0074-02760140097. [PMID: 25742263]
  • Giovanni Caprioli, Serena Logrippo, Michael G Cahill, Kevin J James. High-performance liquid chromatography LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry method for tomatidine and non-target metabolites quantification in organic and normal tomatoes. International journal of food sciences and nutrition. 2014 Dec; 65(8):942-7. doi: 10.3109/09637486.2014.950205. [PMID: 25156359]
  • Helen H Tai, Kraig Worrall, Yvan Pelletier, David De Koeyer, Larry A Calhoun. Comparative metabolite profiling of Solanum tuberosum against six wild Solanum species with Colorado potato beetle resistance. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2014 Sep; 62(36):9043-55. doi: 10.1021/jf502508y. [PMID: 25144460]
  • Marcos Taveira, Carla Sousa, Patrícia Valentão, Federico Ferreres, João P Teixeira, Paula B Andrade. Neuroprotective effect of steroidal alkaloids on glutamate-induced toxicity by preserving mitochondrial membrane potential and reducing oxidative stress. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology. 2014 Mar; 140(?):106-15. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.12.013. [PMID: 24373792]
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