Ergostanol (BioDeep_00000015593)

Main id: BioDeep_00000010914

 

natural product


代谢物信息卡片


(24S)24-Methylcholestan-3beta-ol

化学式: C28H50O (402.3861)
中文名称:
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 () 0%

分子结构信息

SMILES: C1[C@@H](C[C@H]2[C@@](C1)([C@@H]1[C@H](CC2)[C@H]2[C@](CC1)([C@@H](CC2)[C@H](C)CC[C@H](C(C)C)C)C)C)O
InChI: InChI=1S/C28H50O/c1-18(2)19(3)7-8-20(4)24-11-12-25-23-10-9-21-17-22(29)13-15-27(21,5)26(23)14-16-28(24,25)6/h18-26,29H,7-17H2,1-6H3/t19-,20+,21-,22-,23-,24+,25-,26-,27-,28+/m0/s1

描述信息

同义名列表

10 个代谢物同义名

(24S)24-Methylcholestan-3beta-ol; (24R)-5alpha-Ergostan-3beta-ol; 5alpha-campestan-3beta-ol; 5alpha-campestanol; Campestanol; Ergostanol; ST 28:0;O; 5alpha-ergostan-3beta-ol; ergostan-3β-ol; Campestanol



数据库引用编号

19 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(3)

PlantCyc(3)

代谢反应

0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

79 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。

亚细胞结构定位 关联基因列表
Cytoplasm 3 APOB, APOE, SCARB1
Peripheral membrane protein 2 CYP1B1, CYP21A2
Endosome membrane 2 APOB, LDLR
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane 6 ABCA1, ACAT1, APOB, CYP1B1, CYP21A2, CYP7A1
Nucleus 3 APOE, CA9, NR1H4
cytosol 4 APOB, LEP, LIPE, PLCE1
dendrite 1 APOE
phagocytic vesicle 1 ABCA1
nucleoplasm 1 NR1H4
RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex 1 NR1H4
Cell membrane 9 ABCA1, ABCG5, ABCG8, CA9, LDLR, LIPE, NPC1L1, SCARB1, TNF
lamellipodium 1 PLCE1
Multi-pass membrane protein 6 ABCA1, ABCG5, ABCG8, ACAT1, NPC1L1, SCARB1
cell surface 3 LDLR, SCARB1, TNF
glutamatergic synapse 1 APOE
Golgi apparatus 3 ABCA1, APOE, LDLR
Golgi membrane 1 PLCE1
lysosomal membrane 1 SCARB1
neuronal cell body 3 APOB, APOE, TNF
smooth endoplasmic reticulum 1 APOB
Cytoplasm, cytosol 1 LIPE
Lysosome 2 LDLR, SCARB1
endosome 1 ABCA1
plasma membrane 11 ABCA1, ABCG5, ABCG8, APOB, APOE, CA9, LDLR, NPC1L1, PLCE1, SCARB1, TNF
Membrane 13 ABCA1, ABCG5, ABCG8, ACAT1, APOE, CA9, CYP1B1, CYP21A2, LCAT, LDLR, LIPE, NPC1L1, SCARB1
apical plasma membrane 3 ABCG5, ABCG8, NPC1L1
basolateral plasma membrane 3 ABCA1, CA9, LDLR
caveola 2 LIPE, SCARB1
extracellular exosome 6 ACAT1, APOB, APOE, CETP, LCAT, SCARB1
endoplasmic reticulum 2 ACAT1, APOE
extracellular space 6 APOB, APOE, CETP, LCAT, LEP, TNF
lysosomal lumen 1 APOB
perinuclear region of cytoplasm 1 ABCA1
mitochondrion 2 ACAT1, CYP1B1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle 5 ABCA1, APOB, CYP1B1, CYP7A1, SCARB1
Microsome membrane 3 CYP1B1, CYP21A2, CYP7A1
Single-pass type I membrane protein 2 CA9, LDLR
Secreted 5 APOB, APOE, CETP, LCAT, LEP
extracellular region 6 APOB, APOE, CETP, LCAT, LEP, TNF
Single-pass membrane protein 3 CYP21A2, CYP7A1, LDLR
mitochondrial matrix 1 ACAT1
external side of plasma membrane 3 ABCA1, LDLR, TNF
Endosome, multivesicular body 1 APOE
Extracellular vesicle 1 APOE
Secreted, extracellular space, extracellular matrix 1 APOE
chylomicron 2 APOB, APOE
high-density lipoprotein particle 3 APOE, CETP, LCAT
low-density lipoprotein particle 3 APOB, APOE, LDLR
multivesicular body 1 APOE
very-low-density lipoprotein particle 2 APOB, APOE
nucleolus 1 CA9
Early endosome 3 APOB, APOE, LDLR
Membrane, clathrin-coated pit 1 LDLR
apical part of cell 1 LDLR
clathrin-coated pit 1 LDLR
recycling endosome 1 TNF
Single-pass type II membrane protein 1 TNF
vesicle 1 CETP
Apical cell membrane 3 ABCG5, ABCG8, NPC1L1
Cell projection, lamellipodium 1 PLCE1
Membrane raft 2 ABCA1, TNF
extracellular matrix 1 APOE
intracellular vesicle 1 ABCA1
collagen-containing extracellular matrix 1 APOE
Late endosome 1 LDLR
receptor complex 4 ABCG5, ABCG8, LDLR, NR1H4
chromatin 1 NR1H4
phagocytic cup 1 TNF
[Isoform 3]: Nucleus 1 NR1H4
Secreted, extracellular space 1 APOE
brush border membrane 1 NPC1L1
Nucleus, nucleolus 1 CA9
blood microparticle 1 APOE
Cell projection, microvillus membrane 1 CA9
microvillus membrane 1 CA9
Endomembrane system 2 LDLR, NPC1L1
endosome lumen 1 APOB
sorting endosome 1 LDLR
Lipid droplet 2 APOB, LIPE
Membrane, caveola 2 LIPE, SCARB1
Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane 1 NPC1L1
Melanosome 1 APOE
euchromatin 1 NR1H4
endoplasmic reticulum lumen 2 APOB, APOE
endocytic vesicle membrane 1 SCARB1
endocytic vesicle 1 ABCA1
endoplasmic reticulum exit site 1 APOB
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex 2 ABCG5, ABCG8
clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane 3 APOB, APOE, LDLR
[Isoform 2]: Nucleus 1 NR1H4
[Isoform 1]: Nucleus 1 NR1H4
synaptic cleft 1 APOE
endolysosome membrane 1 LDLR
somatodendritic compartment 1 LDLR
[Isoform 4]: Nucleus 1 NR1H4
discoidal high-density lipoprotein particle 1 APOE
endocytic vesicle lumen 2 APOB, APOE
PCSK9-LDLR complex 1 LDLR
[Tumor necrosis factor, soluble form]: Secreted 1 TNF
chylomicron remnant 2 APOB, APOE
intermediate-density lipoprotein particle 2 APOB, APOE
lipoprotein particle 1 APOE
multivesicular body, internal vesicle 1 APOE
mature chylomicron 1 APOB
[C-domain 2]: Secreted 1 TNF
[Tumor necrosis factor, membrane form]: Membrane 1 TNF
[C-domain 1]: Secreted 1 TNF


文献列表

  • Hans-Frieder Schött, Sabrina Krautbauer, Marcus Höring, Gerhard Liebisch, Silke Matysik. A Validated, Fast Method for Quantification of Sterols and Gut Microbiome Derived 5α/β-Stanols in Human Feces by Isotope Dilution LC-High-Resolution MS. Analytical chemistry. 2018 07; 90(14):8487-8494. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01278. [PMID: 29920210]
  • Jing Huang, Ming Xu, Yu-Jing Fang, Min-Shan Lu, Zhi-Zhong Pan, Wu-Qing Huang, Yu-Ming Chen, Cai-Xia Zhang. Association between phytosterol intake and colorectal cancer risk: a case-control study. The British journal of nutrition. 2017 Mar; 117(6):839-850. doi: 10.1017/s0007114517000617. [PMID: 28382872]
  • Intidhar Bouali, Hajer Trabelsi, Wahid Herchi, Lucy Martine, Ali Albouchi, Ghaith Bouzaien, Samira Sifi, Sadok Boukhchina, Olivier Berdeaux. Analysis of pecan nut (Carya illinoinensis) unsaponifiable fraction. Effect of ripening stage on phytosterols and phytostanols composition. Food chemistry. 2014 Dec; 164(?):309-16. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.05.029. [PMID: 24996339]
  • Laura Kells Cusack, Maria Luz Fernandez, Jeff S Volek. The food matrix and sterol characteristics affect the plasma cholesterol lowering of phytosterol/phytostanol. Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.). 2013 Nov; 4(6):633-43. doi: 10.3945/an.113.004507. [PMID: 24228192]
  • Wen-Sen He, Mei-Gui Wang, Xiao-Xia Pan, Jing-Jing Li, Cheng-Sheng Jia, Xiao-Ming Zhang, Biao Feng. Role of plant stanol derivatives in the modulation of cholesterol metabolism and liver gene expression in mice. Food chemistry. 2013 Sep; 140(1-2):9-16. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.02.062. [PMID: 23578608]
  • Maija Marttinen, Essi Päivärinta, Markus Storvik, Laura Huikko, Heli Luoma-Halkola, Vieno Piironen, Anne-Maria Pajari, Marja Mutanen. Plant stanols induce intestinal tumor formation by up-regulating Wnt and EGFR signaling in Apc Min mice. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry. 2013 Jan; 24(1):343-52. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.07.002. [PMID: 22981369]
  • M Derrien, E Jardé, G Gruau, A M Pourcher, M Gourmelon, A Jadas-Hécart, A C Pierson Wickmann. Origin of fecal contamination in waters from contrasted areas: stanols as Microbial Source Tracking markers. Water research. 2012 Sep; 46(13):4009-16. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.05.003. [PMID: 22673347]
  • Se-Hwan Joo, Tae-Wuk Kim, Seung-Hyun Son, Woo Sung Lee, Takao Yokota, Seong-Ki Kim. Biosynthesis of a cholesterol-derived brassinosteroid, 28-norcastasterone, in Arabidopsis thaliana. Journal of experimental botany. 2012 Mar; 63(5):1823-33. doi: 10.1093/jxb/err354. [PMID: 22170941]
  • Gavin Tansley, Daniel T Holmes, Dieter Lütjohann, Elizabeth Head, Cheryl L Wellington. Sterol lipid metabolism in down syndrome revisited: down syndrome is associated with a selective reduction in serum brassicasterol levels. Current gerontology and geriatrics research. 2012; 2012(?):179318. doi: 10.1155/2012/179318. [PMID: 22649448]
  • Ping Wang, Yu-ming Chen, Li-ping He, Chao-gang Chen, Bo Zhang, Wen-qiong Xue, Yi-xiang Su. Association of natural intake of dietary plant sterols with carotid intima-media thickness and blood lipids in Chinese adults: a cross-section study. PloS one. 2012; 7(3):e32736. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032736. [PMID: 22412917]
  • Ignacio Párraga, Jesús López-Torres, Fernando Andrés, Beatriz Navarro, José M del Campo, Mercedes García-Reyes, María P Galdón, Angeles Lloret, Juan C Precioso, Joseba Rabanales. Effect of plant sterols on the lipid profile of patients with hypercholesterolaemia. Randomised, experimental study. BMC complementary and alternative medicine. 2011 Sep; 11(?):73. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-11-73. [PMID: 21910898]
  • Sheila J Thornton, Ian Ty Wong, Rachel Neumann, Petri Kozlowski, Kishor M Wasan. Dietary supplementation with phytosterol and ascorbic acid reduces body mass accumulation and alters food transit time in a diet-induced obesity mouse model. Lipids in health and disease. 2011 Jun; 10(?):107. doi: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-107. [PMID: 21711516]
  • Oliver Weingärtner, Christof Ulrich, Dieter Lütjohann, Kenan Ismail, Stephan H Schirmer, Tim Vanmierlo, Michael Böhm, Ulrich Laufs. Differential effects on inhibition of cholesterol absorption by plant stanol and plant sterol esters in apoE-/- mice. Cardiovascular research. 2011 Jun; 90(3):484-92. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvr020. [PMID: 21257611]
  • Yuguang Lin, Mario A Vermeer, Elke A Trautwein. Triterpenic Acids Present in Hawthorn Lower Plasma Cholesterol by Inhibiting Intestinal ACAT Activity in Hamsters. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM. 2011; 2011(?):801272. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nep007. [PMID: 19228775]
  • Helena Gylling, Maarit Hallikainen, Markku J Nissinen, Piia Simonen, Tatu A Miettinen. Very high plant stanol intake and serum plant stanols and non-cholesterol sterols. European journal of nutrition. 2010 Mar; 49(2):111-7. doi: 10.1007/s00394-009-0055-5. [PMID: 19774436]
  • Qixuan Chen, Heidi Gruber, Eleonora Swist, Kara Coville, Catherine Pakenham, Walisundera Mn Ratnayake, Kylie A Scoggan. Dietary phytosterols and phytostanols decrease cholesterol levels but increase blood pressure in WKY inbred rats in the absence of salt-loading. Nutrition & metabolism. 2010 Feb; 7(?):11. doi: 10.1186/1743-7075-7-11. [PMID: 20637058]
  • J Méndez-González, S Süren-Castillo, L Calpe-Berdiel, N Rotllan, M Vázquez-Carrera, J C Escolà-Gil, F Blanco-Vaca. Disodium ascorbyl phytostanol phosphate (FM-VP4), a modified phytostanol, is a highly active hypocholesterolaemic agent that affects the enterohepatic circulation of both cholesterol and bile acids in mice. The British journal of nutrition. 2010 Jan; 103(2):153-60. doi: 10.1017/s0007114509991656. [PMID: 19822032]
  • Don S Lin, Robert D Steiner, Louise S Merkens, Anuradha S Pappu, William E Connor. The effects of sterol structure upon sterol esterification. Atherosclerosis. 2010 Jan; 208(1):155-60. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.07.031. [PMID: 19679306]
  • Malene Schrøder, Christiane Fricke, Kirsten Pilegaard, Morten Poulsen, Ingmar Wester, Dieter Lütjohann, Alicja Mortensen. Effect of rapeseed oil-derived plant sterol and stanol esters on atherosclerosis parameters in cholesterol-challenged heterozygous Watanabe heritable hyperlipidaemic rabbits. The British journal of nutrition. 2009 Dec; 102(12):1740-51. doi: 10.1017/s0007114509991206. [PMID: 19772679]
  • Oliver Weingärtner, Michael Böhm, Ulrich Laufs. Controversial role of plant sterol esters in the management of hypercholesterolaemia. European heart journal. 2009 Feb; 30(4):404-9. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehn580. [PMID: 19158117]
  • Qixuan Chen, Heidi Gruber, Catherine Pakenham, Walisundera M N Ratnayake, Kylie A Scoggan. Dietary phytosterols and phytostanols alter the expression of sterol-regulatory genes in SHRSP and WKY inbred rats. Annals of nutrition & metabolism. 2009; 55(4):341-50. doi: 10.1159/000252350. [PMID: 19851062]
  • Ariënne de Jong, Jogchum Plat, Dieter Lütjohann, Ronald P Mensink. Effects of long-term plant sterol or stanol ester consumption on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in subjects on statin treatment. The British journal of nutrition. 2008 Nov; 100(5):937-41. doi: 10.1017/s0007114508966113. [PMID: 18846701]
  • Xiaoming Jia, Yanfeng Chen, Jeffrey Zidichouski, Junzeng Zhang, Changhao Sun, Yanwen Wang. Co-administration of berberine and plant stanols synergistically reduces plasma cholesterol in rats. Atherosclerosis. 2008 Nov; 201(1):101-7. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.03.008. [PMID: 18430428]
  • Maud N Vissers, Mieke D Trip, P Haydn Pritchard, Patrick Tam, Tatjana Lukic, Monique G de Sain-van der Velden, Martina de Barse, John J P Kastelein. Efficacy and safety of disodium ascorbyl phytostanol phosphates in men with moderate dyslipidemia. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2008 Jul; 64(7):651-61. doi: 10.1007/s00228-008-0462-1. [PMID: 18320185]
  • S Klingberg, H Andersson, A Mulligan, A Bhaniani, A Welch, S Bingham, K-T Khaw, S Andersson, L Ellegård. Food sources of plant sterols in the EPIC Norfolk population. European journal of clinical nutrition. 2008 Jun; 62(6):695-703. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602765. [PMID: 17440516]
  • Klaus Fassbender, Dieter Lütjohann, Miranda G Dik, Marijke Bremmer, Jochem König, Silke Walter, Yang Liu, Maryse Letièmbre, Klaus von Bergmann, Cees Jonker. Moderately elevated plant sterol levels are associated with reduced cardiovascular risk--the LASA study. Atherosclerosis. 2008 Jan; 196(1):283-288. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.10.032. [PMID: 17137582]
  • Junhua Han, Yuexin Yang, Meiyuan Feng, Guodong Wang. [Analysis of phytosterol contents in Chinese plant food and primary estimation of its intake of people]. Wei sheng yan jiu = Journal of hygiene research. 2007 May; 36(3):301-5. doi: ". [PMID: 17712945]
  • Toshiyuki Ohnishi, Bunta Watanabe, Kanzo Sakata, Masaharu Mizutani. CYP724B2 and CYP90B3 function in the early C-22 hydroxylation steps of brassinosteroid biosynthetic pathway in tomato. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry. 2006 Sep; 70(9):2071-80. doi: 10.1271/bbb.60034. [PMID: 16960392]
  • Markku J Nissinen, Helena Gylling, Tatu A Miettinen. Effects of plant stanol esters supplied in a fat free milieu by pastilles on cholesterol metabolism in colectomized human subjects. Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD. 2006 Sep; 16(6):426-35. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2005.07.005. [PMID: 16935701]
  • A de Jong, J Plat, R P Mensink. Plant sterol or stanol consumption does not affect erythrocyte osmotic fragility in patients on statin treatment. European journal of clinical nutrition. 2006 Aug; 60(8):985-90. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602409. [PMID: 16482072]
  • Satomi Fujita, Toshiyuki Ohnishi, Bunta Watanabe, Takao Yokota, Suguru Takatsuto, Shozo Fujioka, Shigeo Yoshida, Kanzo Sakata, Masaharu Mizutani. Arabidopsis CYP90B1 catalyses the early C-22 hydroxylation of C27, C28 and C29 sterols. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology. 2006 Mar; 45(5):765-74. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2005.02639.x. [PMID: 16460510]
  • Craig S Patch, Linda C Tapsell, Peter G Williams, Michelle Gordon. Plant sterols as dietary adjuvants in the reduction of cardiovascular risk: theory and evidence. Vascular health and risk management. 2006; 2(2):157-62. doi: 10.2147/vhrm.2006.2.2.157. [PMID: 17319460]
  • Katherine M Phillips, David M Ruggio, Mehdi Ashraf-Khorassani. Phytosterol composition of nuts and seeds commonly consumed in the United States. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2005 Nov; 53(24):9436-45. doi: 10.1021/jf051505h. [PMID: 16302759]
  • William E Connor, Don S Lin, Anuradha S Pappu, Jiri Frohlich, Glenn Gerhard. Dietary sitostanol and campestanol: accumulation in the blood of humans with sitosterolemia and xanthomatosis and in rat tissues. Lipids. 2005 Sep; 40(9):919-23. doi: 10.1007/s11745-005-1452-7. [PMID: 16331855]
  • Jianliang Chen, Ashok Batta, Shuqin Zheng, Wayne R Fitzgibbon, Michael E Ullian, Hongwei Yu, Patrick Tso, Gerald Salen, Shailendra B Patel. The missense mutation in Abcg5 gene in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) segregates with phytosterolemia but not hypertension. BMC genetics. 2005 Jul; 6(?):40. doi: 10.1186/1471-2156-6-40. [PMID: 16026620]
  • A Kabouche, N Boutaghane, Z Kabouche, E Seguin, F Tillequin, K Benlabed. Components and antibacterial activity of the roots of Salvia jaminiana. Fitoterapia. 2005 Jul; 76(5):450-2. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2005.03.011. [PMID: 15893885]
  • Young-Soo Kim, Tae-Wuk Kim, Seong-Ki Kim. Brassinosteroids are inherently biosynthesized in the primary roots of maize, Zea mays L. Phytochemistry. 2005 May; 66(9):1000-6. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.03.007. [PMID: 15896368]
  • Petri S Koponen, Petteri Nieminen, Anne-Mari Mustonen, Jussi V K Kukkonen. Postmetamorphic Xenopus laevis shows decreased plasma triiodothyronine concentrations and phosphorylase activity due to subacute phytosterol exposure. Chemosphere. 2004 Dec; 57(11):1683-9. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.07.029. [PMID: 15519414]
  • Takahito Nomura, Corinne E Jager, Yukiko Kitasaka, Keiichi Takeuchi, Motohiro Fukami, Koichi Yoneyama, Yasuhiko Matsushita, Hiroshi Nyunoya, Suguru Takatsuto, Shozo Fujioka, Jennifer J Smith, L Huub J Kerckhoffs, James B Reid, Takao Yokota. Brassinosteroid deficiency due to truncated steroid 5alpha-reductase causes dwarfism in the lk mutant of pea. Plant physiology. 2004 Aug; 135(4):2220-9. doi: 10.1104/pp.104.043786. [PMID: 15286289]
  • Igor Mezine, Huizhen Zhang, Carlos Macku, Robert Lijana. Analysis of plant sterol and stanol esters in cholesterol-lowering spreads and beverages using high-performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectroscopy. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2003 Sep; 51(19):5639-46. doi: 10.1021/jf030030w. [PMID: 12952413]
  • P Haydn Pritchard, Min Li, Catalina Zamfir, Tatjana Lukic, Egon Novak, Mohammed H Moghadasian. Comparison of cholesterol-lowering efficacy and anti-atherogenic properties of hydrogenated versus non-hydrogenated (Phytrol) tall oil-derived phytosterols in apo E-deficient mice. Cardiovascular drugs and therapy. 2003 Sep; 17(5-6):443-9. doi: 10.1023/b:card.0000015859.37581.f1. [PMID: 15107599]
  • Yasuhiko Homma, Ikuo Ikeda, Toshitsugu Ishikawa, Masao Tateno, Michihiro Sugano, Haruo Nakamura. Decrease in plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, cholesteryl ester transfer protein, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein by plant stanol ester-containing spread: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.). 2003 Apr; 19(4):369-74. doi: 10.1016/s0899-9007(02)00926-7. [PMID: 12679174]
  • Michael Igel, Uwe Giesa, Dieter Lutjohann, Klaus von Bergmann. Comparison of the intestinal uptake of cholesterol, plant sterols, and stanols in mice. Journal of lipid research. 2003 Mar; 44(3):533-8. doi: 10.1194/jlr.m200393-jlr200. [PMID: 12562824]
  • Jacqueline De Graaf, Pernette R W De Sauvage Nolting, Marjel Van Dam, Elizabeth M Belsey, John J P Kastelein, P Haydn Pritchard, Anton F H Stalenhoef. Consumption of tall oil-derived phytosterols in a chocolate matrix significantly decreases plasma total and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels. The British journal of nutrition. 2002 Nov; 88(5):479-88. doi: 10.1079/bjn2002690. [PMID: 12425728]
  • Ping Shen, San-Long Wang, Xi-Kui Liu, Chong-Ren Yang, Bing Cai, Xin-Sheng Yao. A new ergostanol saponin from Dioscorea deltoidea Wall var. orbiculata. Journal of Asian natural products research. 2002 Sep; 4(3):211-5. doi: 10.1080/10286020290024013. [PMID: 12118511]
  • Maarit Hallikainen, Essi Sarkkinen, Ingmar Wester, Matti Uusitupa. Short-term LDL cholesterol-lowering efficacy of plant stanol esters. BMC cardiovascular disorders. 2002 Aug; 2(?):14. doi: 10.1186/1471-2261-2-14. [PMID: 12197945]
  • Naoko Nakajima, Shozo Fujioka, Takashi Tanaka, Suguru Takatsuto, Shigeo Yoshida. Biosynthesis of cholestanol in higher plants. Phytochemistry. 2002 Jun; 60(3):275-9. doi: 10.1016/s0031-9422(02)00113-9. [PMID: 12031446]
  • Richard E Ostlund, Janet B McGill, Chun-Min Zeng, Douglas F Covey, Jay Stearns, William F Stenson, Curtis A Spilburg. Gastrointestinal absorption and plasma kinetics of soy Delta(5)-phytosterols and phytostanols in humans. American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism. 2002 Apr; 282(4):E911-6. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00328.2001. [PMID: 11882512]
  • Ronald P Mensink, Spike Ebbing, Martijn Lindhout, Jogchum Plat, Marjolien M A van Heugten. Effects of plant stanol esters supplied in low-fat yoghurt on serum lipids and lipoproteins, non-cholesterol sterols and fat soluble antioxidant concentrations. Atherosclerosis. 2002 Jan; 160(1):205-13. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9150(01)00562-7. [PMID: 11755939]
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