NCBI Taxonomy: 260130

Acetophenone

C8H8O (120.0575)

Acetophenone appears as a colorless liquid with a sweet pungent taste and odor resembling the odor of oranges. Freezes under cool conditions. Slightly soluble in water and denser than water. Hence sinks in water. Vapor heavier than air. A mild irritant to skin and eyes. Vapors can be narcotic in high concentrations. Used as a flavoring, solvent, and polymerization catalyst. Acetophenone is a methyl ketone that is acetone in which one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group. It has a role as a photosensitizing agent, an animal metabolite and a xenobiotic. Acetophenone is used for fragrance in soaps and perfumes, as a flavoring agent in foods, and as a solvent for plastics and resins. Acute (short-term) exposure to acetophenone vapor may produce skin irritation and transient corneal injury in humans. No information is available on the chronic (long-term), reproductive, developmental, or carcinogenic effects of acetophenone in humans. EPA has classified acetophenone as a Group D, not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity. Acetophenone is a natural product found in Nepeta nepetella, Hypericum hyssopifolium, and other organisms with data available. Acetophenone is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Acetophenone is the organic compound with the formula C6H5C(O)CH3. It is the simplest aromatic ketone. This colourless, viscous liquid is a precursor to useful resins and fragrances. Acetophenone is found in chicory. Acetophenone is a flavouring ingredient used in fruit flavours. Acetophenone is a raw material for the synthesis of some pharmaceuticals and is also listed as an approved excipient by the U.S. FDA. In a 1994 report released by five top cigarette companies in the U.S., acetophenone was listed as one of the 599 additives to cigarettes. A methyl ketone that is acetone in which one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group. D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents > D017319 - Photosensitizing Agents Flavouring ingredient used in fruit flavours; leavening agent D003879 - Dermatologic Agents Acetophenone is an organic compound with simple structure[1]. Acetophenone is an organic compound with simple structure[1].

Flavone

C15H10O2 (222.0681)

Flavone is the simplest member of the class of flavones that consists of 4H-chromen-4-one bearing a phenyl substituent at position 2. It has a role as a metabolite and a nematicide. Flavone is a natural product found in Grindelia hirsutula, Asphodeline damascena, and other organisms with data available. Quercetin is a flavonoid that forms the "backbone" for many other flavonoids, including the citrus flavonoids rutin, hesperidin, naringin and tangeritin. In studies, quercetin is found to be the most active of the flavonoids, and many medicinal plants owe much of their activity to their high quercetin content. Quercetin has demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activity because of direct inhibition of several initial processes of inflammation. For example, it inhibits both the manufacture and release of histamine and other allergic/inflammatory mediators. In addition, it exerts potent antioxidant activity and vitamin C-sparing action. Flavone is an endogenous metabolite. Flavone is an endogenous metabolite.

Stigmasterol

C29H48O (412.3705)

Stigmasterol is a phytosterol, meaning it is steroid derived from plants. As a food additive, phytosterols have cholesterol-lowering properties (reducing cholesterol absorption in intestines), and may act in cancer prevention. Phytosterols naturally occur in small amount in vegetable oils, especially soybean oil. One such phytosterol complex, isolated from vegetable oil, is cholestatin, composed of campesterol, stigmasterol, and brassicasterol, and is marketed as a dietary supplement. Sterols can reduce cholesterol in human subjects by up to 15\\%. The mechanism behind phytosterols and the lowering of cholesterol occurs as follows : the incorporation of cholesterol into micelles in the gastrointestinal tract is inhibited, decreasing the overall amount of cholesterol absorbed. This may in turn help to control body total cholesterol levels, as well as modify HDL, LDL and TAG levels. Many margarines, butters, breakfast cereals and spreads are now enriched with phytosterols and marketed towards people with high cholesterol and a wish to lower it. Stigmasterol is found to be associated with phytosterolemia, which is an inborn error of metabolism. Stigmasterol is a 3beta-sterol that consists of 3beta-hydroxystigmastane having double bonds at the 5,6- and 22,23-positions. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a 3beta-sterol, a stigmastane sterol, a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid and a member of phytosterols. It derives from a hydride of a stigmastane. Stigmasterol is a natural product found in Ficus auriculata, Xylopia aromatica, and other organisms with data available. Stigmasterol is a steroid derivative characterized by the hydroxyl group in position C-3 of the steroid skeleton, and unsaturated bonds in position 5-6 of the B ring, and position 22-23 in the alkyl substituent. Stigmasterol is found in the fats and oils of soybean, calabar bean and rape seed, as well as several other vegetables, legumes, nuts, seeds, and unpasteurized milk. See also: Comfrey Root (part of); Saw Palmetto (part of); Plantago ovata seed (part of). Stigmasterol is an unsaturated plant sterol occurring in the plant fats or oils of soybean, calabar bean, and rape seed, and in a number of medicinal herbs, including the Chinese herbs Ophiopogon japonicus (Mai men dong) and American Ginseng. Stigmasterol is also found in various vegetables, legumes, nuts, seeds, and unpasteurized milk. A 3beta-sterol that consists of 3beta-hydroxystigmastane having double bonds at the 5,6- and 22,23-positions. C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28178 - Phytosterol > C68437 - Unsaturated Phytosterol

beta-Carotene

C40H56 (536.4382)

Beta-carotene is a cyclic carotene obtained by dimerisation of all-trans-retinol. A strongly-coloured red-orange pigment abundant in plants and fruit and the most active and important provitamin A carotenoid. It has a role as a biological pigment, a provitamin A, a plant metabolite, a human metabolite, a mouse metabolite, a cofactor, a ferroptosis inhibitor and an antioxidant. It is a cyclic carotene and a carotenoid beta-end derivative. Beta-carotene, with the molecular formula C40H56, belongs to the group of carotenoids consisting of isoprene units. The presence of long chains of conjugated double bonds donates beta-carotene with specific colors. It is the most abundant form of carotenoid and it is a precursor of the vitamin A. Beta-carotene is composed of two retinyl groups. It is an antioxidant that can be found in yellow, orange and green leafy vegetables and fruits. Under the FDA, beta-carotene is considered as a generally recognized as safe substance (GRAS). Beta-Carotene is a natural product found in Epicoccum nigrum, Lonicera japonica, and other organisms with data available. Beta-Carotene is a naturally-occurring retinol (vitamin A) precursor obtained from certain fruits and vegetables with potential antineoplastic and chemopreventive activities. As an anti-oxidant, beta carotene inhibits free-radical damage to DNA. This agent also induces cell differentiation and apoptosis of some tumor cell types, particularly in early stages of tumorigenesis, and enhances immune system activity by stimulating the release of natural killer cells, lymphocytes, and monocytes. (NCI04) beta-Carotene is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC). See also: Lycopene (part of); Broccoli (part of); Lycium barbarum fruit (part of). Beta-Carotene belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carotenes. These are a type of polyunsaturated hydrocarbon molecules containing eight consecutive isoprene units. Carotenes are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Beta-carotene is therefore considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Beta-carotene is a strongly coloured red-orange pigment abundant in fungi, plants, and fruits. It is synthesized biochemically from eight isoprene units and therefore has 40 carbons. Among the carotenes, beta-carotene is distinguished by having beta-rings at both ends of the molecule. Beta-Carotene is biosynthesized from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. It is the most common form of carotene in plants. In nature, Beta-carotene is a precursor (inactive form) to vitamin A. Vitamin A is produed via the action of beta-carotene 15,15-monooxygenase on carotenes. In mammals, carotenoid absorption is restricted to the duodenum of the small intestine and dependent on a class B scavenger receptor (SR-B1) membrane protein, which is also responsible for the absorption of vitamin E. One molecule of beta-carotene can be cleaved by the intestinal enzyme Beta-Beta-carotene 15,15-monooxygenase into two molecules of vitamin A. Beta-Carotene contributes to the orange color of many different fruits and vegetables. Vietnamese gac and crude palm oil are particularly rich sources, as are yellow and orange fruits, such as cantaloupe, mangoes, pumpkin, and papayas, and orange root vegetables such as carrots and sweet potatoes. Excess beta-carotene is predominantly stored in the fat tissues of the body. The most common side effect of excessive beta-carotene consumption is carotenodermia, a physically harmless condition that presents as a conspicuous orange skin tint arising from deposition of the carotenoid in the outermost layer of the epidermis. Yellow food colour, dietary supplement, nutrient, Vitamin A precursor. Nutriceutical with antioxidation props. beta-Carotene is found in many foods, some of which are summer savory, gram bean, sunburst squash (pattypan squash), and other bread product. A cyclic carotene obtained by dimerisation of all-trans-retinol. A strongly-coloured red-orange pigment abundant in plants and fruit and the most active and important provitamin A carotenoid. D - Dermatologicals > D02 - Emollients and protectives > D02B - Protectives against uv-radiation > D02BB - Protectives against uv-radiation for systemic use A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A11 - Vitamins > A11C - Vitamin a and d, incl. combinations of the two > A11CA - Vitamin a, plain D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins > D000072664 - Provitamins

beta-Elemene

C15H24 (204.1878)

(-)-beta-elemene is the (-)-enantiomer of beta-elemene that has (1S,2S,4R)-configuration. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent. beta-Elemene is a natural product found in Xylopia sericea, Eupatorium cannabinum, and other organisms with data available. Beta-elemene is one of the isomers of elemene, a lipid soluble sesquiterpene and the active component isolated from the Chinese medicinal herb Rhizoma zedoariae with potential antineoplastic and chemopreventive activities. Although the exact mechanism of action through which beta-elemene exerts its effect has yet to be fully elucidated, this agent appears to induce apoptosis through different mechanisms of action and induces cell cycle arrest at different stages based on the tumor cell type involved. Beta-elemene may sensitize cancer cells to other chemotherapeutic agents. See also: Cannabis sativa subsp. indica top (part of). Beta-elemene, also known as B-elemen or 2,4-diisopropenyl-1-methyl-1-vinylcyclohexane, is a member of the class of compounds known as elemane sesquiterpenoids. Elemane sesquiterpenoids are sesquiterpenoids with a structure based on the elemane skeleton. Elemane is a monocyclic compound consisting of a cyclohexane ring substituted with a methyl group, an ethyl group, and two 1-methylethyl groups at the 1-, 1-, 2-, and 4-position, respectively. Beta-elemene is a fresh, herbal, and waxy tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as lovage, anise, spearmint, and orange mint, which makes beta-elemene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Beta-elemene can be found primarily in saliva. beta-Elemene belongs to the class of organic compounds known as elemane sesquiterpenoids. These are sesquiterpenoids with a structure based on the elemane skeleton. Elemane is a monocyclic compound consisting of a cyclohexane ring substituted with a methyl group, an ethyl group, and two 1-methylethyl groups at the 1-, 1-, 2-, and 4-position, respectively. beta-Elemene can be found in herbs, spices, and root vegetables, which makes beta-elemene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. It is a constituent of sweet flag, juniper oils, and Mentha species. β-Elemene ((-)-β-Elemene; Levo-β-elemene) is isolated from natural plant Curcuma aromatica with an antitumor activity. β-Elemene can induce cell apoptosis. β-Elemene ((-)-β-Elemene; Levo-β-elemene) is isolated from natural plant Curcuma aromatica with an antitumor activity. β-Elemene can induce cell apoptosis.

alpha-Farnesene

C15H24 (204.1878)

alpha-Farnesene belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. These are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units. (3E,6E)-alpha-Farnesene, also known as trans-alpha-Farnesene, is a sweet, bergamot, and citrus tasting flavouring ingredient. (3E,6E)-alpha-Farnesene is a constituent of the natural coating of apples and pears and other fruit. It has been identified in gingers, cottonseeds, common oregano, sweet oranges, spearmints, guava, pomes, and pears. This could make (3E,6E)-alpha-farnesene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Alpha-farnesene is a farnesene that is 1,3,6,10-tetraene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 7 and 11 respectively. alpha-Farnesene is a natural product found in Eupatorium cannabinum, Lonicera japonica, and other organisms with data available. See also: Chamomile (part of); Cannabis sativa subsp. indica top (part of). Constituent of the natural coating of apples and pears and other fruit. Flavouring ingredient. (3E,6E)-alpha-Farnesene is found in many foods, some of which are cottonseed, spearmint, ginger, and fruits.

alpha-Tocopherol

C29H50O2 (430.3811)

Alpha-tocopherol is a pale yellow, viscous liquid. (NTP, 1992) (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol is an alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils. It has a role as an antioxidant, a nutraceutical, an antiatherogenic agent, an EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor, an anticoagulant, an immunomodulator, an antiviral agent, a micronutrient, an algal metabolite and a plant metabolite. It is an enantiomer of a (S,S,S)-alpha-tocopherol. In 1922, vitamin E was demonstrated to be an essential nutrient. Vitamin E is a term used to describe 8 different fat soluble tocopherols and tocotrienols, alpha-tocopherol being the most biologically active. Vitamin E acts as an antioxidant, protecting cell membranes from oxidative damage. The antioxidant effects are currently being researched for use in the treatment of diseases causing bone loss, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and associated comorbidities, eye diseases, inflammatory diseases (including skin conditions), lipid disorders, neurological diseases, and radiation damage. Though this research is so far inconclusive, vitamin E remains a popular supplement and is generally considered safe by the FDA. Vitamin E is a natural product found in Monteverdia ilicifolia, Calea jamaicensis, and other organisms with data available. Alpha-Tocopherol is the orally bioavailable alpha form of the naturally-occurring fat-soluble vitamin E, with potent antioxidant and cytoprotective activities. Upon administration, alpha-tocopherol neutralizes free radicals, thereby protecting tissues and organs from oxidative damage. Alpha-tocopherol gets incorporated into biological membranes, prevents protein oxidation and inhibits lipid peroxidation, thereby maintaining cell membrane integrity and protecting the cell against damage. In addition, alpha-tocopherol inhibits the activity of protein kinase C (PKC) and PKC-mediated pathways. Alpha-tocopherol also modulates the expression of various genes, plays a key role in neurological function, inhibits platelet aggregation and enhances vasodilation. Compared with other forms of tocopherol, alpha-tocopherol is the most biologically active form and is the form that is preferentially absorbed and retained in the body. A generic descriptor for all tocopherols and tocotrienols that exhibit alpha-tocopherol activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of isoprenoids. See also: Alpha-Tocopherol Acetate (is active moiety of); Tocopherol (related); Vitamin E (related) ... View More ... alpha-Tocopherol is traditionally recognized as the most active form of vitamin E in humans and is a powerful biological antioxidant. The measurement of "vitamin E" activity in international units (IU) was based on fertility enhancement by the prevention of spontaneous abortions in pregnant rats relative to alpha-Tocopherol. Natural vitamin E exists in eight different forms or isomers: four tocopherols and four tocotrienols. In foods, the most abundant sources of vitamin E are vegetable oils such as palm oil, sunflower, corn, soybean, and olive oil. Nuts, sunflower seeds, and wheat germ are also good sources. Constituent of many vegetable oils such as soya and sunflower oils. Dietary supplement and nutrient. Nutriceutical with anticancer and antioxidant props. Added to fats and oils to prevent rancidity. The naturally-occurring tocopherol is a single stereoisomer; synthetic forms are a mixture of all eight possible isomers An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils. α-Tocopherol (alpha-tocopherol) is a type of vitamin E. Its E number is "E307". Vitamin E exists in eight different forms, four tocopherols and four tocotrienols. All feature a chromane ring, with a hydroxyl group that can donate a hydrogen atom to reduce free radicals and a hydrophobic side chain which allows for penetration into biological membranes. Compared to the others, α-tocopherol is preferentially absorbed and accumulated in humans. Vitamin E is found in a variety of tissues, being lipid-soluble, and taken up by the body in a wide variety of ways. The most prevalent form, α-tocopherol, is involved in molecular, cellular, biochemical processes closely related to overall lipoprotein and lipid homeostasis. Ongoing research is believed to be "critical for manipulation of vitamin E homeostasis in a variety of oxidative stress-related disease conditions in humans."[2] One of these disease conditions is the α-tocopherol role in the use by malaria parasites to protect themselves from the highly oxidative environment in erythrocytes.[3] DL-α-Tocopherol. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=16826-11-2 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 10191-41-0). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). DL-alpha-Tocopherol is a synthetic vitamin E, with antioxidation effect. DL-alpha-Tocopherol protects human skin fibroblasts against the cytotoxic effect of UVB[1]. DL-alpha-Tocopherol is a synthetic vitamin E, with antioxidation effect. DL-alpha-Tocopherol protects human skin fibroblasts against the cytotoxic effect of UVB[1]. rel-α-Vitamin E (rel-D-α-Tocopherol) is a vitamin with antioxidant properties and also a mixture[1]. α-Vitamin E ((+)-α-Tocopherol), a naturally occurring vitamin E form, is a potent antioxidant[1][2]. α-Vitamin E ((+)-α-Tocopherol), a naturally occurring vitamin E form, is a potent antioxidant[1][2].

beta-Myrcene

C10H16 (136.1252)

7-Methyl-3-methylene-1,6-octadiene, also known as beta-Myrcene or myrcene is an acyclic monoterpene. Monoterpenoids are terpenes that contain 10 carbon atoms and are comprised of two isoprene units. The biosynthesis of monoterpenes is known to occur mainly through the methyl-erythritol-phosphate (MEP) pathway in the plastids. beta-Myrcene is a significant component of the essential oil of several plants, including allspice, bay, cannabis, hops, houttuynia, lemon grass, mango, myrcia, verbena, west indian bay tree, and cardamom. It is also the main component of wild thyme, the leaves of which contain up to 40\\\\% by weight of myrcene. Industrially, it is produced mainly semi-synthetically from myrcia, from which it gets its name. Myrcene has been detected as a volatile component in cannabis plant samples (PMID:26657499 ) and its essential oils (PMID:6991645 ). beta-Myrcene is the most abundant monoterpene in Cannabis and it has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, and antimutagenic activities. beta-Myrcene is a flavouring agent and it is used in the perfumery industry. It has a pleasant odor but is rarely used directly. It is a key intermediate in the production of several fragrances such as menthol, citral, citronellol, citronellal, geraniol, nerol, and linalool. Myrcene, [liquid] appears as a yellow oily liquid with a pleasant odor. Flash point below 200 °F. Insoluble in water and less dense than water. Beta-myrcene is a monoterpene that is octa-1,6-diene bearing methylene and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7 respectively. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an anti-inflammatory agent, an anabolic agent, a fragrance, a flavouring agent and a volatile oil component. Myrcene is a natural product found in Teucrium montanum, Xylopia aromatica, and other organisms with data available. 7-Methyl-3-methylene-1,6-octadiene is found in allspice. 7-Methyl-3-methylene-1,6-octadiene is found in many essential oils, e.g. hop oil. 7-Methyl-3-methylene-1,6-octadiene is a flavouring agent. Myrcene is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Caraway Oil (part of); Mandarin oil (part of); Juniper Berry Oil (part of) ... View More ... A monoterpene that is octa-1,6-diene bearing methylene and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7 respectively. Found in many essential oils, e.g. hop oil. Flavouring agent Myrcene (β-Myrcene), an aromatic volatile compound, suppresses TNFα-induced NF-κB activity. Myrcene has anti-invasive effect[1][2]. Myrcene (β-Myrcene), an aromatic volatile compound, suppresses TNFα-induced NF-κB activity. Myrcene has anti-invasive effect[1][2].

Isocaryophyllene

C15H24 (204.1878)

Isocaryophyllene, also known as gamma-caryophyllene, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. Sesquiterpenoids are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units. Isocaryophyllene can be found primarily in saliva. Isocaryophyllene is found in allspice, and is widespread in plants (Jasminum, Origanum, and Pimpinella species). Beta-caryophyllene is a pale yellow oily liquid with an odor midway between odor of cloves and turpentine. (NTP, 1992) Isocaryophyllene is a sesquiterpenoid. Isocaryophyllene is a natural product found in Aloysia gratissima, Vismia cayennensis, and other organisms with data available. See also: Caryophyllene (related). D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents

Phytol

C20H40O (296.3079)

Phytol, also known as trans-phytol or 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol, is a member of the class of compounds known as acyclic diterpenoids. Acyclic diterpenoids are diterpenoids (compounds made of four consecutive isoprene units) that do not contain a cycle. Thus, phytol is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Phytol is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Phytol can be found in a number of food items such as salmonberry, rose hip, malus (crab apple), and black raspberry, which makes phytol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Phytol can be found primarily in human fibroblasts tissue. Phytol is an acyclic diterpene alcohol that can be used as a precursor for the manufacture of synthetic forms of vitamin E and vitamin K1. In ruminants, the gut fermentation of ingested plant materials liberates phytol, a constituent of chlorophyll, which is then converted to phytanic acid and stored in fats. In shark liver it yields pristane . Phytol is a diterpenoid that is hexadec-2-en-1-ol substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 7, 11 and 15. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a schistosomicide drug and an algal metabolite. It is a diterpenoid and a long-chain primary fatty alcohol. Phytol is a natural product found in Elodea canadensis, Wendlandia formosana, and other organisms with data available. Phytol is an acyclic diterpene alcohol and a constituent of chlorophyll. Phytol is commonly used as a precursor for the manufacture of synthetic forms of vitamin E and vitamin K1. Furthermore, phytol also was shown to modulate transcription in cells via transcription factors PPAR-alpha and retinoid X receptor (RXR). Acyclic diterpene used in making synthetic forms of vitamin E and vitamin K1. Phytol is a natural linear diterpene alcohol which is used in the preparation of vitamins E and K1. It is also a decomposition product of chlorophyll. It is an oily liquid that is nearly insoluble in water, but soluble in most organic solvents. -- Wikipedia. A diterpenoid that is hexadec-2-en-1-ol substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 7, 11 and 15. C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28269 - Phytochemical Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Phytol ((E)?-?Phytol), a diterpene alcohol from chlorophyll widely used as a food additive and in medicinal fields, possesses promising antischistosomal properties. Phytol has antinociceptive and antioxidant activitiesas well as anti-inflammatory and antiallergic effects. Phytol has antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Staphylococcus aureus[1]. Phytol ((E)?-?Phytol), a diterpene alcohol from chlorophyll widely used as a food additive and in medicinal fields, possesses promising antischistosomal properties. Phytol has antinociceptive and antioxidant activitiesas well as anti-inflammatory and antiallergic effects. Phytol has antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Staphylococcus aureus[1].

beta-Geraniol

C10H18O (154.1358)

Geraniol is a colorless to pale yellow oily liquid with a sweet rose odor. (NTP, 1992) Geraniol is a monoterpenoid consisting of two prenyl units linked head-to-tail and functionalised with a hydroxy group at its tail end. It has a role as a fragrance, an allergen, a volatile oil component and a plant metabolite. It is a monoterpenoid, a primary alcohol and a 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol. Geraniol is a monoterpene that is found within many essential oils of fruits, vegetables, and herbs including rose oil, citronella, lemongrass, lavender, and other aromatic plants. It is emitted from the flowers of many species of plant and is commonly used by the food, fragrance, and cosmetic industry. Geraniol has demonstrated a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, and neuroprotective to name a few. Interestingly, geraniol has also been shown to sensitize tumour cells to commonly used chemotherapies including [DB00544] and [DB01248] and represents a promising cancer chemopreventive agent. Due to its anticancer effects, geraniol has been found to be effective against a broad range of cancers including breast, lung, colon, prostate, pancreatic, skin, liver, kidney and oral cancers. These pharmacologic effects are clinically important as geraniol is classified as generally-recognized-as-safe (GRAS) by the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the United States. Sensitivity to geraniol may be identified with a clinical patch test. Geraniol is a Standardized Chemical Allergen. The physiologic effect of geraniol is by means of Increased Histamine Release, and Cell-mediated Immunity. Geraniol is a natural product found in Xylopia sericea, Eupatorium cannabinum, and other organisms with data available. beta-Geraniol is found in almond. beta-Geraniol is found in free state and as esters in many essential oils including geranium oil. Most prolific natural source is palmarosa oil. beta-Geraniol is a flavouring agent. Geraniol is a monoterpenoid and an alcohol. It is the primary part of rose oil, palmarosa oil, and citronella oil (Java type). It also occurs in small quantities in geranium, lemon, and many other essential oils. It has a rose-like odor and is commonly used in perfumes. It is used in flavors such as peach, raspberry, grapefruit, red apple, plum, lime, orange, lemon, watermelon, pineapple, and blueberry. It is the isomer of nerol. (Wikipedia) beta-Geraniol belongs to the family of Monoterpenes. These are compounds contaning a chain of two isoprene units. Geraniol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Coriander Oil (part of); Java citronella oil (part of). beta-Geraniol, also known as (E)-nerol, the isomer of nerol (or geranyl alcohol, is a monoterpenoid alcohol. It belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acyclic monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenes that do not contain a cycle. Monoterpenoids are terpenes that contain 10 carbon atoms and are comprised of two isoprene units. The biosynthesis of monoterpenes is known to occur mainly through the methyl-erythritol-phosphate (MEP) pathway in the plastids (PMID:7640522 ). Geranyl diphosphate (GPP) is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of cyclic monoterpenes. GPP undergoes several cyclization reactions to yield a diverse number of cyclic arrangements. beta-Geraniol is an isoprenoid lipid molecule that is very hydrophobic, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. beta-Geraniol has a sweet, citrus, and floral taste. beta-Geraniol is found in highest concentrations in common grapes, black walnuts, and common thymes and in lower concentrations in cardamoms, common oregano, and gingers. beta-Geraniol has also been detected in lemon verbena, oval-leaf huckleberries, common pea, sweet cherries, and nopals. This could make beta-geraniol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. It is found in as an alcohol and as its ester in many essential oils including geranium oil. It is the primary part of rose oil, palmarosa oil, and citronella oil (Java type) and occurs in small quantities in geranium, lemon, and many other essential oils. Geraniol is a monoterpenoid and an alcohol found in cannabis plants (PMID:6991645 ). Because it has a rose-like odor, it is commonly used in perfumes. It is used to create flavors such as peach, raspberry, grapefruit, red apple, plum, lime, orange, lemon, watermelon, pineapple, and blueberry. Geraniol is produced by the scent glands of honeybees to mark nectar-bearing flowers and locate the entrances to their hives (http//doi:10.1051/apido:19900403). Found in free state and as esters in many essential oils including geranium oil. Most prolific natural source is palmarosa oil. Flavouring agent A monoterpenoid consisting of two prenyl units linked head-to-tail and functionalised with a hydroxy group at its tail end. C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant Geraniol, an olefinic terpene, was found to inhibit growth of Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains[1]. Geraniol, an olefinic terpene, was found to inhibit growth of Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains[1]. Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity[1][2]. Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity[1][2]. Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity[1][2].

alpha-Humulene

C15H24 (204.1878)

alpha-Humulene, also known as alpha-caryophyllene, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. These are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units. Thus, alpha-humulene is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. alpha-Humulene is found in allspice. alpha-Humulene is a constituent of many essential oils including hops (Humulus lupulus) and cloves (Syzygium aromaticum). (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene is the (1E,4E,8E)-isomer of alpha-humulene. Humulene is a natural product found in Nepeta nepetella, Teucrium montanum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Caryophyllene (related). α-Humulene is a main constituent of Tanacetum vulgare L. (Asteraceae) essential oil with anti-inflammation (IC50=15±2 μg/mL). α-Humulene inhibits COX-2 and iNOS expression[1]. α-Humulene is a main constituent of Tanacetum vulgare L. (Asteraceae) essential oil with anti-inflammation (IC50=15±2 μg/mL). α-Humulene inhibits COX-2 and iNOS expression[1].

Geraniol

C10H18O (154.1358)

Geraniol, also known as beta-Geraniol, (E)-nerol (the isomer of nerol) or geranyl alcohol, is a monoterpenoid alcohol. It belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acyclic monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenes that do not contain a cycle. Monoterpenoids are terpenes that contain 10 carbon atoms and are comprised of two isoprene units. In plants, the biosynthesis of monoterpenes is known to occur mainly through the methyl-erythritol-phosphate (MEP) pathway in the plastids (PMID:7640522 ). Geranyl diphosphate (GPP) is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of cyclic monoterpenes. GPP undergoes several cyclization reactions to yield a diverse number of cyclic arrangements. beta-Geraniol is an isoprenoid lipid molecule that is very hydrophobic, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. beta-Geraniol has a sweet, citrus, and floral taste. beta-Geraniol is found in highest concentrations in common grapes, black walnuts, and common thymes and in lower concentrations in cardamoms, common oregano, and gingers. beta-Geraniol has also been detected in lemon verbena, oval-leaf huckleberries, common pea, sweet cherries, and nopals. It is found as an alcohol and as its ester in many essential oils including geranium oil. It is the primary part of rose oil, palmarosa oil, and citronella oil (Java type) and occurs in small quantities in geranium, lemon, and many other essential oils. Because it has a rose-like odor, it is commonly used in perfumes. It is used to create flavors such as peach, raspberry, grapefruit, red apple, plum, lime, orange, lemon, watermelon, pineapple, and blueberry. An alternate application has been found in the use of insect repellents or deterrants. Though it may repel mosquitoes, flies, lice, cockroaches, ants, and ticks, it is also produced by the scent glands of honey bees to help them mark nectar-bearing flowers and locate the entrances to their hives (http//doi:10.1051/apido:19900403). Extensive testing by Dr. Jerry Butler at the University of Florida has shown geraniol to be one of natures most effective insect repellents (PMID:20836800). Nerol is the (2Z)-stereoisomer of 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol. It has been isolated from the essential oils from plants like lemon grass. It has a role as a volatile oil component, a plant metabolite and a fragrance. Nerol is a natural product found in Eupatorium cannabinum, Vitis rotundifolia, and other organisms with data available. Nerol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Constituent of many essential oils including neroli and bergamot oils. In essential oils it is a minor component always accompanied by geraniol. Flavouring agent The (2Z)-stereoisomer of 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol. It has been isolated from the essential oils from plants like lemon grass. Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity[1][2]. Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity[1][2]. Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity[1][2].

trans-beta-Farnesene

C15H24 (204.1878)

Trans-beta-farnesene is a beta-farnesene in which the double bond at position 6-7 has E configuration. It is the major or sole alarm pheromone in most species of aphid. It has a role as an alarm pheromone and a metabolite. beta-Farnesene is a natural product found in Nepeta nepetella, Eupatorium capillifolium, and other organisms with data available. trans-beta-Farnesene, also known as (E)-β-Farnesene or (E)-7,11-Dimethyl-3-methylenedodeca-1,6,10-triene, is classified as a member of the Sesquiterpenoids. Sesquiterpenoids are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units. trans-beta-Farnesene is a hydrocarbon lipid molecule. (E)-β-Farnesene (trans-β-Farnesene) is a volatile sesquiterpene hydrocarbon which can be found in Phlomis aurea Decne essential oil. (E)-β-Farnesene can be used as a feeding stimulant for the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis[1][2]. (E)-β-Farnesene (trans-β-Farnesene) is a volatile sesquiterpene hydrocarbon which can be found in Phlomis aurea Decne essential oil. (E)-β-Farnesene can be used as a feeding stimulant for the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis[1][2].

3-Hexen-1-ol

C6H12O (100.0888)

(Z)-hex-3-en-1-ol is a hex-3-en-1-ol in which the double bond adopts a Z-configuration. Also known as leaf alcohol, it is emitted by green plants upon mechanical damage. Used as a flavourant in tea. It has a role as an insect attractant, a plant metabolite and a fragrance. cis-3-Hexen-1-ol is a natural product found in Lonicera japonica, Santolina corsica, and other organisms with data available. cis-3-hexen-1-ol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 3-Hexen-1-ol, also known as 1-hydroxy-3-hexene, is a colourless oily liquid with an intense grassy-green odour of freshly cut green grass and leaves. It is produced in small amounts by most plants and it acts as an attractant to many predatory insects. 3-Hexen-1-ol is a very important aroma compound that is used in fruit and vegetable flavours and in perfumes. The yearly production is about 30 tonnes. 3-Hexen-1-ol is found in black elderberry. It is used as tea flavourant. Preferred to (E)-isomer in perfumes and flavours to add natural `green notes. Occurs in geranium, tea, citrus and other oils, and many fruits, e.g. banana, concord grape, quince. (Z)-3-Hexen-1-ol is found in many foods, some of which are allspice, dill, citrus, and garden tomato (variety). A hex-3-en-1-ol in which the double bond adopts a Z-configuration. Also known as leaf alcohol, it is emitted by green plants upon mechanical damage. Used as a flavourant in tea. cis-3-Hexen-1-ol ((Z)-3-Hexen-1-ol) is a green grassy smelling compound found in many fresh fruits and vegetables. cis-3-Hexen-1-ol is widely used as an added flavor in processed food to provide a fresh green quality. cis-3-Hexen-1-ol is an attractant to various insects[1][2]. cis-3-Hexen-1-ol ((Z)-3-Hexen-1-ol) is a green grassy smelling compound found in many fresh fruits and vegetables. cis-3-Hexen-1-ol is widely used as an added flavor in processed food to provide a fresh green quality. cis-3-Hexen-1-ol is an attractant to various insects[1][2].

2-Undecanone

C11H22O (170.1671)

2-Undecanone is found in cloves. 2-Undecanone is found in palm kernel oil and soya bean oil. 2-Undecanone is an important constituent of rue oil (Ruta graveolens) and found in many other essential oils. Also found in black currant buds, raspberry, black berry peach and other fruits. 2-Undecanone is used in flavourings 2-Undecanone is a ketone, also known as methyl nonyl ketone (MNK). It is soluble in ethanol, benzene, chloroform, and acetone, but its large carbon chain renders it insoluble in water. Like most methyl ketones, 2-undecanone undergoes a haloform reaction when in the presence of a base. For example, the reaction between 2-undecanone and sodium hypochlorite yields sodium decanoate, chloroform, and sodium hydroxide. 2-Undecanone, also known as methyl nonyl ketone and IBI-246, is an oily organic liquid manufactured synthetically, but which can also be extracted from oil of rue. It is found naturally in bananas, cloves, ginger, guava, strawberries, and wild-grown tomatoes. 2-Undecanone is used in the perfumery and flavoring industries, but because of its strong odor it is primarily used as an insect repellent or animal repellent. Typically, 1 2\\\\% concentrations of 2-undecanone are found in dog and cat repellents in the form of a liquid, aerosol spray, or gel. Undecan-2-one is a dialkyl ketone with methyl and nonyl as the two alkyl groups. It has a role as a rodenticide and a plant metabolite. It is a dialkyl ketone and a methyl ketone. 2-Undecanone is a natural product found in Zanthoxylum myriacanthum, Eupatorium capillifolium, and other organisms with data available. 2-Undecanone is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Found in palm kernel oil and soya bean oil. Important constituent of rue oil (Ruta graveolens) and found in many other essential oils. Also found in black currant buds, raspberry, black berry peach and other fruits. It is used in flavourings A dialkyl ketone with methyl and nonyl as the two alkyl groups. 2-Undecanone is a volatile organic compound, which inhibits the DnaKJE-ClpB bichaperone dependent refolding of heat-inactivated bacterial luciferases. 2-Undecanone inhibits lung tumorigenesis[1][2]. 2-Undecanone is a volatile organic compound, which inhibits the DnaKJE-ClpB bichaperone dependent refolding of heat-inactivated bacterial luciferases. 2-Undecanone inhibits lung tumorigenesis[1][2].

alpha-Terpinene

C10H16 (136.1252)

Alpha-Terpinene is one of four isomers of terpinene (the other three being beta terpinene, gamma terpenine, and delta terpinine or terpimolene) that differ in the position of carbon-carbon double bonds. Alpha-Terpinene belongs to the class of organic compounds known as menthane monoterpenes. These are monoterpenes with a structure based on the o-, m-, or p-menthane backbone. p-Menthane consists of the cyclohexane ring with a methyl group and a (2-methyl)-propyl group at the 1 and 4 ring position, respectively. The o- and m- menthanes are much rarer, and presumably arise by alkyl migration of p-menthanes. alpha-Terpinene is a naturally occurring monoterpene found in allspice, cardamom, and marjoram. alpha-Terpinene is a constituent of many essential oils with oil from Litsea ceylanica being is a major source (20\\\\%) of it. alpha-Terpinene has been found in Citrus, Eucalyptus and Juniperus species, and cannabis plants (PMID:6991645 ). ±-Terpinene is a flavouring agent and is produced industrially by acid-catalyzed rearrangement of ±-pinene. It has perfume and flavoring properties but is mainly used to confer a pleasant odor to industrial fluids. Alpha-terpinene is one of three isomeric monoterpenes differing in the positions of their two double bonds (beta- and gamma-terpinene being the others). In alpha-terpinene the double bonds are at the 1- and 3-positions of the p-menthane skeleton. It has a role as a volatile oil component and a plant metabolite. It is a monoterpene and a cyclohexadiene. alpha-Terpinene is a natural product found in Xylopia aromatica, Xylopia sericea, and other organisms with data available. One of three isomeric monoterpenes differing in the positions of their two double bonds (beta- and gamma-terpinene being the others). In alpha-terpinene the double bonds are at the 1- and 3-positions of the p-menthane skeleton. Alpha-terpinene, also known as 1-isopropyl-4-methyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene or 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-1,3-cyclohexadiene, is a member of the class of compounds known as menthane monoterpenoids. Menthane monoterpenoids are monoterpenoids with a structure based on the o-, m-, or p-menthane backbone. P-menthane consists of the cyclohexane ring with a methyl group and a (2-methyl)-propyl group at the 1 and 4 ring position, respectively. The o- and m- menthanes are much rarer, and presumably arise by alkyl migration of p-menthanes. Thus, alpha-terpinene is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Alpha-terpinene is a camphoraceous, citrus, and herbal tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as summer savory, cabbage, pot marjoram, and wild celery, which makes alpha-terpinene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Alpha-terpinene can be found primarily in saliva. Alpha-terpinene exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. α-Terpinene (Terpilene) is a monoterpene found in the essential oils of a large variety of foods and aromatic plants such as Mentha piperita. α-Terpinene is active against Trypanosoma evansi and has the potential for trypanosomosis treatment. α-Terpinene has antioxidant and antifungal properties[1][2][3][4]. α-Terpinene (Terpilene) is a monoterpene found in the essential oils of a large variety of foods and aromatic plants such as Mentha piperita. α-Terpinene is active against Trypanosoma evansi and has the potential for trypanosomosis treatment. α-Terpinene has antioxidant and antifungal properties[1][2][3][4].

gamma-Terpinene

C10H16 (136.1252)

Gamma-terpinene is one of three isomeric monoterpenes differing in the positions of their two double bonds (alpha- and beta-terpinene being the others). In gamma-terpinene the double bonds are at the 1- and 4-positions of the p-menthane skeleton. It has a role as an antioxidant, a plant metabolite, a volatile oil component and a human xenobiotic metabolite. It is a monoterpene and a cyclohexadiene. gamma-Terpinene is a natural product found in Teucrium montanum, Xylopia aromatica, and other organisms with data available. The terpinenes are three isomeric hydrocarbons that are classified as terpenes. Gamma-terpinene is one these three isomeric hydrocarbons. It is natural and has been isolated from a variety of plant sources (Wikipedia). It is a major component of essential oils made from Citrus Fruits and has strong antioxidant activity. It has a lemon odor and widely used in food, flavours, soaps, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, tabacco, confectionery and perfume industries (http://www.gyanflavoursexport.com). See also: Lemon oil, cold pressed (part of); Coriander Oil (part of); Mandarin oil (part of). Gamma-terpinene is one of four isomeric monoterpenes (the other three being alpha terpinene, beta terpinene and delta terpinene). It is a naturally occurring terpinene and has been isolated from a variety of plant sources. It has the highest boiling point of the four known terpinene isomers. It is a major component of essential oils made from citrus fruits and has a strong antioxidant activity. It has a lemon-like or lime-like odor and is widely used in food, flavours, soaps, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, tabacco, confectionery and perfume industries (http://www.gyanflavoursexport.com). The other isomers of gamma-terpinene, such as alpha-terpinene and delta-terpinene, have been isolated from cardamom and marjoram oils while beta terpinene appears to have no natural source. One of three isomeric monoterpenes differing in the positions of their two double bonds (alpha- and beta-terpinene being the others). In gamma-terpinene the double bonds are at the 1- and 4-positions of the p-menthane skeleton. Constituent of many essential oils e.g. Citrus, Eucalyptus, Mentha, Pinus subspecies Ajowan seed oil (Carum copticum) is a major source γ-Terpinene, a monoterpene, is an orally active antioxidant compound which can scavenge radicals directly. γ-Terpinene has potent antinociception activity[1]. γ-Terpinene, a monoterpene, is an orally active antioxidant compound which can scavenge radicals directly. γ-Terpinene has potent antinociception activity[1].

Dibutyl phthalate

C16H22O4 (278.1518)

Di-n-phtalate is a manufactured chemical that does not occur naturally. It is an odorless and oily liquid that is colorless to faint yellow in color. It is slightly soluble in water and does not evaporate easily. Di-n-phtalate is used to make plastics more flexible and is also in carpet backings, paints, glue, insect repellents, hair spray, nail polish, and rocket fuel. N-butyl phthalate is a colorless oily liquid. It is insoluble in water. The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. Since it is a liquid it can easily penetrate the soil and contaminate groundwater and nearby streams. It is combustible though it may take some effort to ignite. It is used in paints and plastics and as a reaction media for chemical reactions. Dibutyl phthalate is a phthalate ester that is the diester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with two molecules of butan-1-ol. Although used extensively as a plasticiser, it is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant that poses a risk to humans. It has a role as an environmental contaminant, a teratogenic agent, a plasticiser, a metabolite and an EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor. It is a phthalate ester and a diester. It is functionally related to a butan-1-ol. Dibutyl phthalate is used in making flexible plastics that are found in a variety of consumer products. It appears to have relatively low acute (short-term) and chronic (long-term) toxicity. No information is available regarding the effects in humans from inhalation or oral exposure to dibutyl phthalate, and only minimal effects have been noted in animals exposed by inhalation. No studies are available on the reproductive, developmental, or carcinogenic effects of dibutyl phthalate in humans. Animal studies have reported developmental and reproductive effects from oral exposure. EPA has classified dibutyl phthalate as a Group D, not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity. Dibutyl phthalate is a natural product found in Scutellaria amoena, Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus, and other organisms with data available. Dibutyl phthalate is found in cloves. DBP was added to the California Proposition 65 (1986) list of suspected teratogens in November 2006. It is a suspected endocrine disruptor. It was used in some nail polishes; all major producers began eliminating this chemical from nail polishes in the Fall of 2006. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is a commonly used plasticizer. It is also used as an additive to adhesives or printing inks. It is soluble in various organic solvents, e.g. in alcohol, ether and benzene. DBP is also used as an ectoparasiticide. A plasticizer used in most plastics and found in water, air, soil, plants and animals. It may have some adverse effects with long-term exposure. DBP was added to the California Proposition 65 (1986) list of suspected teratogens in November 2006. It is a suspected endocrine disruptor. It was used in some nail polishes; all major producers began eliminating this chemical from nail polishes in the Fall of 2006.; Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is a commonly used plasticizer. It is also used as an additive to adhesives or printing inks. It is soluble in various organic solvents, e.g. in alcohol, ether and benzene. DBP is also used as an ectoparasiticide. Dibutyl phthalate is found in kohlrabi and cloves. Dibutyl phthalate is found in cloves. DBP was added to the California Proposition 65 (1986) list of suspected teratogens in November 2006. It is a suspected endocrine disruptor. It was used in some nail polishes; all major producers began eliminating this chemical from nail polishes in the Fall of 2006. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is a commonly used plasticizer. It is also used as an additive to adhesives or printing inks. It is soluble in various organic solvents, e.g. in alcohol, ether and benzene. DBP is also used as an ectoparasiticide. A phthalate ester that is the diester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with two molecules of butan-1-ol. Although used extensively as a plasticiser, it is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant that poses a risk to humans. P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P03 - Ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides, insecticides and repellents > P03B - Insecticides and repellents D010968 - Plasticizers ATC code: P03BX03 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 823; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10079; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10075 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 823; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10082; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10080 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 823; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10083; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10080 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 823; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10016; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10013 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 823; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10065; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10063 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 823; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10036; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10031 CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3670 EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3670; CONFIDENCE standard compound INTERNAL_ID 4180; CONFIDENCE standard compound CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4180 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8224 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 199

Methyl acetate

C3H6O2 (74.0368)

Methyl acetate belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carboxylic acid esters. These are carboxylic acid derivatives in which the carbon atom from the carbonyl group is attached to an alkyl or an aryl moiety through an oxygen atom (forming an ester group). Methyl acetate is present in apple, grape, banana and other fruits. Methyl acetate is a flavouring ingredient and it is an ester that, in the laboratory, is synthesized from acetic acid and methanol in the presence of strong acids such as sulfuric acid in an esterification reaction. In the presence of strong bases such as sodium hydroxide or strong acids such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid it is hydrolyzed back into methanol and acetic acid, especially at elevated temperature. Methyl acetate, also known as acetic acid methyl ester or methyl ethanoate, is a clear, flammable liquid with a characteristic, not unpleasant smell like certain glues or nail polish removers. Methyl acetate has characteristics very similar to its analog ethyl acetate. Methyl acetate is used as a solvent in glues, paints, and nail polish removers, in chemical reactions, and for extractions. Methyl acetate is a non-polar (lipophilic) to weakly polar (hydrophilic) aprotic solvent. Methyl acetate has a solubility of 25\\% in water at room temperature. At elevated temperature its solubility in water is much higher. Methyl acetate is not stable in the presence of strong aqueous bases or acids. The conversion of methyl acetate back into its components, by an acid, is a first-order reaction with respect to the ester. The reaction of methyl acetate and a base, for example sodium hydroxide, is a second-order reaction with respect to both reactants Methyl acetate is an ester that is synthesized from acetic acid and methanol in the presence of strong acids such as sulfuric acid in an esterification reaction. In the presence of strong bases such as sodium hydroxide or strong acids such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid it is hydrolyzed back into methanol and acetic acid, especially at elevated temperature.; Methyl acetate, also known as acetic acid methyl ester or methyl ethanoate, is a clear, flammable liquid with a characteristic, not unpleasant smell like certain glues or nail polish removers. Methyl acetate has characteristics very similar to its analog ethyl acetate. Methyl acetate is used as a solvent in glues, paints, and nail polish removers, in chemical reactions, and for extractions. Methyl acetate is a non-polar (lipophilic) to weakly polar (hydrophilic) aprotic solvent. Methyl acetate has a solubility of 25\\% in water at room temperature. At elevated temperature its solubility in water is much higher. Methyl acetate is not stable in the presence of strong aqueous bases or acids. Methyl acetate is VOC exempt.; The conversion of methyl acetate back into its components, by an acid, is a first-order reaction with respect to the ester. The reaction of methyl acetate and a base, for example sodium hydroxide, is a second-order reaction with respect to both reactants. Methyl acetate is a flavouring agent and can be found in many foods, some of which are apple, grape, banana, orange mint, and ginger.

(3S,6E)-Nerolidol

C15H26O (222.1984)

(3S,6E)-Nerolidol, also known as nerolidol or peruviol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. These are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units. Thus, (3S,6E)-nerolidol is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. (3S,6E)-Nerolidol is an isomer of nerolidol, a naturally occurring sesquiterpene found in the essential oils of many types of plants and flowers. An isomer of nerolidol, a naturally occurring sesquiterpene found in the essential oils of many types of plants and flowers [Wikipedia] Nerolidol is a natural membrane-active sesquiterpene, with antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic activity[1]. Nerolidol is a natural membrane-active sesquiterpene, with antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic activity[1].

Benzyl benzoate

C14H12O2 (212.0837)

Benzyl benzoate, also known as benylate or benylic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzoic acid esters. These are ester derivatives of benzoic acid. Benzyl benzoate is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Benzyl benzoate is a faint, sweet, and almond tasting compound. Outside of the human body, benzyl benzoate is found, on average, in the highest concentration within Ceylon cinnamon. Benzyl benzoate has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as fennels, garden tomato, annual wild rice, amaranths, and horseradish tree. This could make benzyl benzoate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Benzyl benzoate is one of the older preparations used to treat scabies. Scabies is a skin infection caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei. It is characterized by severe itching (particularly at night), red spots, and may lead to a secondary infection. Benzyl benzoate is lethal to this mite and is therefore useful in the treatment of scabies. It is also used to treat lice infestations of the head and body. Benzyl benzoate is a benzoate ester obtained by the formal condensation of benzoic acid with benzyl alcohol. It has been isolated from the plant species of the genus Polyalthia. It has a role as a scabicide, an acaricide and a plant metabolite. It is a benzyl ester and a benzoate ester. It is functionally related to a benzoic acid. Benzyl benzoate is one of the older preparations used to treat scabies. Scabies is a skin infection caused by the mite sarcoptes scabiei. It is characterised by severe itching (particularly at night), red spots, and may lead to a secondary infection. Benzyl benzoate is lethal to this mite and so is useful in the treatment of scabies. It is also used to treat lice infestation of the head and body. Benzyl benzoate is not the treatment of choice for scabies due to its irritant properties. Benzyl benzoate is a natural product found in Lonicera japonica, Populus tremula, and other organisms with data available. See also: ... View More ... P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P03 - Ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides, insecticides and repellents > P03A - Ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides A benzoate ester obtained by the formal condensation of benzoic acid with benzyl alcohol. It has been isolated from the plant species of the genus Polyalthia. Contained in Peru balsam and Tolu balsam. Isolated from other plants e.g. Jasminum subspecies, ylang-ylang oil. It is used in food flavouring C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C276 - Antiparasitic Agent D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals Same as: D01138 Benzyl benzoate (Benzoic acid benzyl ester) is a fragrance ingredient in cosmetic products. Benzyl benzoate can be used for the research of Scabies and Demodex-associated inflammatory skin conditions[1][2][3]. Benzyl benzoate (Phenylmethyl benzoate) is an orally active anti-scabies agent, acaricide (EC50= 0.06 g/m2) and fungicide. Benzyl benzoate is an angiotensin II (Ang II) inhibitor with antihypertensive effects. Benzyl benzoate can be used in perfumes, pharmaceuticals and the food industry[1][2][3][4][5]. Benzyl benzoate (Benzoic acid benzyl ester) is a fragrance ingredient in cosmetic products. Benzyl benzoate can be used for the research of Scabies and Demodex-associated inflammatory skin conditions[1][2][3].

PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE

C19H30O5 (338.2093)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 958; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5758; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5757 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 958; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5733; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5731 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 958; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5682; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5681 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 958; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5667; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5666 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 958; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5702; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5701 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 958; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5704; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5702 D010575 - Pesticides > D010574 - Pesticide Synergists CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2296 D016573 - Agrochemicals

1-Pentanol

C5H12O (88.0888)

1-Pentanol, also known as butylcarbinol or 1-pentyl alcohol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as primary alcohols. Primary alcohols are compounds comprising the primary alcohol functional group, with the general structure RCOH (R=alkyl, aryl). Thus, 1-pentanol is considered to be a fatty alcohol lipid molecule. 1-Pentanol is an organic compound with the formula C5H12O. 1-Pentanol is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. All eight isomers of 1-Pentanol are known:; It is a colourless liquid of density 0.8247 g/cm3 (0 oC), boiling at 131.6 oC, slightly soluble in water, easily soluble in organic solvents. 1-Pentanol exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. 1-Pentanol is a sweet, balsamic, and fusel tasting compound. 1-Pentanol can be found in a few different foods, such as black walnuts, common thymes, and tea and in a lower concentration in safflowers, highbush blueberries, and kohlrabis. 1-Pentanol has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as corns, garden tomato (var.), allspices, cherry tomato, and evergreen blackberries. It possesses a characteristic strong smell and a sharp burning taste. The other amyl alcohols may be obtained synthetically. It is a solid that melts at 48 to 50 °C and boils at 112.3 °C. On passing its vapour through a red-hot tube, it decomposes with production of acetylene, ethylene, propylene, and other compounds. Of these, tertiary 1-Pentanol has been the most difficult to obtain, its synthesis having first been reported in 1891, by L. Tissier (Comptes Rendus, 1891, 112, p. 1065) by the reduction of a mixture of trimethyl acetic acid and trimethylacetyl chloride with sodium amalgam. It is oxidized by chromic acid to isovaleraldehyde, and it forms crystalline addition compounds with calcium chloride and tin(IV) chloride. When pure, it is nontoxic, while the impure product is toxic. Widely distributed in plant sources, e.g. peppermint oil, tomatoes, tea, potatoes. Flavouring ingredient

Ethyl pentyl ketone

C8H16O (128.1201)

Ethyl pentyl ketone, also known as 3-oxooctane or eak, is a member of the class of compounds known as ketones. Ketones are organic compounds in which a carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms R2C=O (neither R may be a hydrogen atom). Ketones that have one or more alpha-hydrogen atoms undergo keto-enol tautomerization, the tautomer being an enol. Thus, ethyl pentyl ketone is considered to be an oxygenated hydrocarbon lipid molecule. Ethyl pentyl ketone is slightly soluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Ethyl pentyl ketone is a sweet, butter, and fresh tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as rosemary, hyssop, spearmint, and rocket salad (sspecies), which makes ethyl pentyl ketone a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Ethyl pentyl ketone can be found primarily in feces and saliva. Ethyl pentyl ketone exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Ethyl pentyl ketone, also known as 3-oxooctane or EAK, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as ketones. These are organic compounds in which a carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms R2C=O (neither R may be a hydrogen atom). Ketones that have one or more alpha-hydrogen atoms undergo keto-enol tautomerization, the tautomer being an enol. Thus, ethyl pentyl ketone is considered to be an oxygenated hydrocarbon lipid molecule. A dialkyl ketone that is octane in which the two methylene protons at position 3 have been replaced by an oxo group. Ethyl pentyl ketone is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Ethyl pentyl ketone has been detected, but not quantified, in cardamoms and lemons. This could make ethyl pentyl ketone a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Ethyl pentyl ketone, with regard to humans, has been linked to the inborn metabolic disorder celiac disease.

Ethyl acetate

C4H8O2 (88.0524)

Ethyl acetate, also known as 1-acetoxyethane or acetic ester, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carboxylic acid esters. These are carboxylic acid derivatives in which the carbon atom from the carbonyl group is attached to an alkyl or an aryl moiety through an oxygen atom (forming an ester group). Ethyl acetate exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Ethyl acetate is a sweet, anise, and balsam tasting compound. Ethyl acetate is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as milk (cow), pineapples, and sweet oranges and in a lower concentration in safflowers. Ethyl acetate has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as alcoholic beverages, oxheart cabbages, agaves, chervils, ryes, and peach. It is used in artificial fruit essences. In the field of entomology, ethyl acetate is an effective asphyxiant for use in insect collecting and study. Because it is not hygroscopic, ethyl acetate also keeps the insect soft enough to allow proper mounting suitable for a collection. In a killing jar charged with ethyl acetate, the vapors will kill the collected (usually adult) insect quickly without destroying it. In organic and in natural products chemistry ethyl acetate is often used as a solvent for reactions or extractions. Ethyl acetate is a potentially toxic compound. Ethyl acetate, with regard to humans, has been found to be associated with several diseases such as perillyl alcohol administration for cancer treatment, crohns disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified; ethyl acetate has also been linked to the inborn metabolic disorder celiac disease. Found in cereal crops, radishes, fruit juices, beer, wine, spirits etc. and produced by Anthemis nobilis (Roman chamomile) and Rubus subspecies It is used in artificial fruit essences. It is used as a solvent in the manufacture of modified hop extract and decaffeinated tea or coffeeand is also used for colour and inks used to mark fruit or vegetables

Ethyl octanoate

C10H20O2 (172.1463)

Ethyl octanoate is a fatty acid ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of octanoic acid with ethanol. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a fatty acid ethyl ester and an octanoate ester. Ethyl octanoate is found in alcoholic beverages. Ethyl octanoate is used in many fruit flavourings. Ethyl octanoate is a constituent of plant oils. Also present in Swiss cheese, Camembert cheese, wheat bread, port wine, plum brandy, sparkling wine, apple, apricot, banana, cherry, orange, grapefruit, plum and other fruits. It is used in many fruit flavourings. Constituent of plant oilsand is) also present in Swiss cheese, Camembert cheese, wheat bread, port wine, plum brandy, sparkling wine, apple, apricot, banana, cherry, orange, grapefruit, plum and other fruits. Ethyl octanoate is found in many foods, some of which are milk and milk products, guava, cereals and cereal products, and pepper (c. frutescens).

beta-Cadinene

C15H24 (204.1878)

beta-Cadinene is found in common oregano. beta-Cadinene is a constituent of Pinus caribaea. Mixed cadinene isomers, with b-cadinene usually predominating, occur in several essential oils, especially ylang-ylang, citronella and cade oil from Juniper species Cadinene isomers are used as a flavouring agent and/or flavour modifier.

Acetaldehyde

C2H4O (44.0262)

Acetaldehyde, also known as ethanal, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as short-chain aldehydes. These are an aldehyde with a chain length containing between 2 and 5 carbon atoms. Acetaldehyde exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Within humans, acetaldehyde participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, acetaldehyde can be biosynthesized from ethanol which is mediated by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase 1B. Acetaldehyde can also be converted to acetic acid by the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase (mitochondrial) and aldehyde dehydrogenase X (mitochondrial). The main method of production is the oxidation of ethylene by the Wacker process, which involves oxidation of ethylene using a homogeneous palladium/copper system: 2 CH2CH2 + O2 → 2 CH3CHO. In the 1970s, the world capacity of the Wacker-Hoechst direct oxidation process exceeded 2 million tonnes annually. In humans, acetaldehyde is involved in disulfiram action pathway. Acetaldehyde is an aldehydic, ethereal, and fruity tasting compound. Outside of the human body, acetaldehyde is found, on average, in the highest concentration in a few different foods, such as sweet oranges, pineapples, and mandarin orange (clementine, tangerine) and in a lower concentration in . acetaldehyde has also been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as malabar plums, malus (crab apple), rose hips, natal plums, and medlars. This could make acetaldehyde a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. In condensation reactions, acetaldehyde is prochiral. Acetaldehyde is formally rated as a possible carcinogen (by IARC 2B) and is also a potentially toxic compound. Acetaldehyde has been found to be associated with several diseases such as alcoholism, ulcerative colitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and crohns disease; also acetaldehyde has been linked to the inborn metabolic disorders including aldehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (III) sulfate is used to reoxidize the mercury back to the mercury. Acetaldehyde was first observed by the Swedish pharmacist/chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1774); it was then investigated by the French chemists Antoine François, comte de Fourcroy and Louis Nicolas Vauquelin (1800), and the German chemists Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner (1821, 1822, 1832) and Justus von Liebig (1835). At room temperature, acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) is more stable than vinyl alcohol (CH2CHOH) by 42.7 kJ/mol: Overall the keto-enol tautomerization occurs slowly but is catalyzed by acids. The level at which an average consumer could detect acetaldehyde is still considerably lower than any toxicity. Pathways of exposure include air, water, land, or groundwater, as well as drink and smoke. Acetaldehyde is also created by thermal degradation or ultraviolet photo-degradation of some thermoplastic polymers during or after manufacture. The water industry generally recognizes 20–40 ppb as the taste/odor threshold for acetaldehyde. The level at which an average consumer could detect acetaldehyde is still considerably lower than any toxicity. Flavouring agent and adjuvant used to impart orange, apple and butter flavours; component of food flavourings added to milk products, baked goods, fruit juices, candy, desserts and soft drinks [DFC]

Ethanol

C2H6O (46.0419)

Ethanol is a clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in alcoholic beverages. Indeed, ethanol has widespread use as a solvent of substances intended for human contact or consumption, including scents, flavorings, colorings, and medicines. Ethanol has a depressive effect on the central nervous system and because of its psychoactive effects, it is considered a drug. Ethanol has a complex mode of action and affects multiple systems in the brain, most notably it acts as an agonist to the GABA receptors. Death from ethanol consumption is possible when blood alcohol level reaches 0.4\\%. A blood level of 0.5\\% or more is commonly fatal. Levels of even less than 0.1\\% can cause intoxication, with unconsciousness often occurring at 0.3-0.4 \\%. Ethanol is metabolized by the body as an energy-providing carbohydrate nutrient, as it metabolizes into acetyl CoA, an intermediate common with glucose metabolism, that can be used for energy in the citric acid cycle or for biosynthesis. Ethanol within the human body is converted into acetaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase and then into acetic acid by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. The product of the first step of this breakdown, acetaldehyde, is more toxic than ethanol. Acetaldehyde is linked to most of the clinical effects of alcohol. It has been shown to increase the risk of developing cirrhosis of the liver,[77] multiple forms of cancer, and alcoholism. Industrially, ethanol is produced both as a petrochemical, through the hydration of ethylene, and biologically, by fermenting sugars with yeast. Small amounts of ethanol are endogenously produced by gut microflora through anaerobic fermentation. However most ethanol detected in biofluids and tissues likely comes from consumption of alcoholic beverages. Absolute ethanol or anhydrous alcohol generally refers to purified ethanol, containing no more than one percent water. Absolute alcohol is not intended for human consumption. It often contains trace amounts of toxic benzene (used to remove water by azeotropic distillation). Consumption of this form of ethanol can be fatal over a short time period. Generally absolute or pure ethanol is used as a solvent for lab and industrial settings where water will disrupt a desired reaction. Pure ethanol is classed as 200 proof in the USA and Canada, equivalent to 175 degrees proof in the UK system. Ethanol is a general biomarker for the consumption of alcohol. Ethanol is also a metabolite of Hansenula and Saccharomyces (PMID: 14613880) (https://ac.els-cdn.com/S0079635206800470/1-s2.0-S0079635206800470-main.pdf?_tid=4d340044-3230-4141-88dd-deec4d2e35bd&acdnat=1550288012_0c4a20fe963843426147979d376cf624). Intoxicating constituent of all alcoholic beverages. It is used as a solvent and vehicle for food dressings and flavourings. Antimicrobial agent, e.g for pizza crusts prior to baking. extraction solvent for foodstuffs. Widely distributed in fruits and other foods V - Various > V03 - All other therapeutic products > V03A - All other therapeutic products > V03AZ - Nerve depressants V - Various > V03 - All other therapeutic products > V03A - All other therapeutic products > V03AB - Antidotes D - Dermatologicals > D08 - Antiseptics and disinfectants > D08A - Antiseptics and disinfectants D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents D012997 - Solvents

2-trans,6-trans-Farnesal

C15H24O (220.1827)

Farnesal, also known as (2e,6e)-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrienal or 2-trans,6-trans-farnesal, is a member of the class of compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. Sesquiterpenoids are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units. Thus, farnesal is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Farnesal is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Farnesal is a floral and minty tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as bamboo shoots, dandelion, italian sweet red pepper, and chicory roots, which makes farnesal a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. This compound belongs to the family of Sesquiterpenes. These are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units.

Galactosylglycerol

C9H18O8 (254.1002)

Galactosylglycerol is an intermediate in galactose and glycerolipid metabolism (KEGG: C05401). In galactose metabolism, galactosylglycerol is reversibly produced from D-galactose and glycerol by the enzyme alpha-galactosidase [EC:3.2.1.22]. It is also the first to last step in the synthesis of glycerol and is converted from 1,2-diacyl-3-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol. It is then converted to glycerol via the enzyme beta-galactosidase [EC:3.2.1.23]. [HMDB] Galactosylglycerol is an intermediate in galactose and glycerolipid metabolism (KEGG: C05401). In galactose metabolism, galactosylglycerol is reversibly produced from D-galactose and glycerol by the enzyme alpha-galactosidase [EC:3.2.1.22]. It is also the first to last step in the synthesis of glycerol and is converted from 1,2-diacyl-3-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol. It is then converted to glycerol via the enzyme beta-galactosidase [EC:3.2.1.23].

(+)-1(10),4-Cadinadiene

C15H24 (204.1878)

Constituent of the essential oils of ylang-ylang, citronella, cubebs, and sweetflag. (+)-1(10),4-Cadinadiene is found in many foods, some of which are common pea, asparagus, sweet potato, and dill. (+)-1(10),4-Cadinadiene is found in allspice. (+)-1(10),4-Cadinadiene is a constituent of the essential oils of ylang-ylang, citronella, cubebs, and sweetflag

beta-Caryophyllene

C15H24 (204.1878)

beta-Caryophyllene, also known as caryophyllene or (−)-β-caryophyllene, is a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene that is a constituent of many essential oils including that of Syzygium aromaticum (cloves), Cannabis sativa, rosemary, and hops. It is usually found as a mixture with isocaryophyllene (the cis double bond isomer) and α-humulene (obsolete name: α-caryophyllene), a ring-opened isomer. beta-Caryophyllene is notable for having both a cyclobutane ring and a trans-double bond in a nine-membered ring, both rarities in nature (Wikipedia). beta-Caryophyllene is a sweet and dry tasting compound that can be found in a number of food items such as allspice, fig, pot marjoram, and roman camomile, which makes beta-caryophyllene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. beta-Caryophyllene can be found in feces and saliva. (-)-Caryophyllene. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=87-44-5 (retrieved 2024-08-07) (CAS RN: 87-44-5). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). β-Caryophyllene is a CB2 receptor agonist. β-Caryophyllene is a CB2 receptor agonist.

alpha-Cubebene

C15H24 (204.1878)

alpha-Cubebene is found in cloves. alpha-Cubebene is a constituent of oil of cubeb pepper (Piper cubeba).

beta-Cubebene

C15H24 (204.1878)

Beta-cubebene, also known as (-)-B-cubebene, is a member of the class of compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. Sesquiterpenoids are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units. Beta-cubebene is a citrus and fruity tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as sweet basil, roman camomile, pot marjoram, and sweet bay, which makes beta-cubebene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Beta-cubebene can be found primarily in saliva. Piper cubeba, cubeb or tailed pepper is a plant in genus Piper, cultivated for its fruit and essential oil. It is mostly grown in Java and Sumatra, hence sometimes called Java pepper. The fruits are gathered before they are ripe, and carefully dried. Commercial cubebs consist of the dried berries, similar in appearance to black pepper, but with stalks attached – the "tails" in "tailed pepper". The dried pericarp is wrinkled, and its color ranges from grayish brown to black. The seed is hard, white and oily. The odor of cubebs is described as agreeable and aromatic and the taste as pungent, acrid, slightly bitter and persistent. It has been described as tasting like allspice, or like a cross between allspice and black pepper . beta-Cubebene belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. These are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units.

beta-Selinene

C15H24 (204.1878)

Constituent of celery oiland is) also from Cyperus rotundus (nutgrass) and Humulus lupulus (hops). beta-Selinene is found in many foods, some of which are safflower, star anise, chinese cinnamon, and allspice. beta-Selinene is found in alcoholic beverages. beta-Selinene is a constituent of celery oil. Also from Cyperus rotundus (nutgrass) and Humulus lupulus (hops)

(+)-alpha-Carene

C10H16 (136.1252)

(+)-alpha-Carene is found in herbs and spices. (+)-alpha-Carene is widespread plant product, found especially in turpentine oils (from Pinus species) and oil of galbanu Isolated from root oil of Kaempferia galanga. (-)-alpha-Carene is found in many foods, some of which are pummelo, cumin, herbs and spices, and sweet orange.

trans-Ocimene

C10H16 (136.1252)

trans-Ocimene is found in allspice. trans-Ocimene is a constituent of the pheromones of Anastrepha suspensa, Euploea tulliolus koxinga, and Labidus species (CCD). Ocimene refers to several isomeric hydrocarbons. The ocimenes are monoterpenes found within a variety of plants and fruits. alpha-Ocimene and the two beta-ocimenes differ in the position of the isolated double bond: it is terminal in the alpha-isomer. alpha-Ocimene is 3,7-dimethyl-1,3,7-octatriene. beta-Ocimene is 3,7-dimethyl-1,3,6-octatriene. beta-Ocimene exists in two stereoisomeric forms, cis and trans, with respect to the central double bond. The ocimenes are often found naturally as mixtures of the various forms. The mixture (as well as the pure compounds) is an oil with a pleasant odour and it is used in perfumery. Constituent of the pheromones of Anastrepha suspensa, Euploea tulliolus koxinga and Labidus subspecies [CCD]

1-hydroperoxy-8-carboxyoctyl 3,4-epoxynon-(2E)-enyl ether

C4H10O (74.0732)

1-hydroperoxy-8-carboxyoctyl 3,4-epoxynon-(2e)-enyl ether, also known as ether or ethyl oxide, is a member of the class of compounds known as dialkyl ethers. Dialkyl ethers are organic compounds containing the dialkyl ether functional group, with the formula ROR, where R and R are alkyl groups. 1-hydroperoxy-8-carboxyoctyl 3,4-epoxynon-(2e)-enyl ether is soluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). 1-hydroperoxy-8-carboxyoctyl 3,4-epoxynon-(2e)-enyl ether can be found in tea, which makes 1-hydroperoxy-8-carboxyoctyl 3,4-epoxynon-(2e)-enyl ether a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. 1-hydroperoxy-8-carboxyoctyl 3,4-epoxynon-(2e)-enyl ether is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Inhalation may result in dizziness, giddiness, euphoria, drowsiness, salivation, and CNS depression. Diethyl ether is also a skin and eye irritant (T36) (T3DB). 1-hydroperoxy-8-carboxyoctyl 3,4-epoxynon-(2E)-enyl ether, also known as Ethyl ether or Anesthetic ether, is classified as a member of the Dialkyl ethers. Dialkyl ethers are organic compounds containing the dialkyl ether functional group, with the formula ROR, where R and R are alkyl groups. 1-hydroperoxy-8-carboxyoctyl 3,4-epoxynon-(2E)-enyl ether is considered to be soluble (in water) and basic. 1-hydroperoxy-8-carboxyoctyl 3,4-epoxynon-(2E)-enyl ether can be found in Tea. 1-hydroperoxy-8-carboxyoctyl 3,4-epoxynon-(2E)-enyl ether is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D000777 - Anesthetics N - Nervous system > N01 - Anesthetics > N01A - Anesthetics, general > N01AA - Ethers D012997 - Solvents Same as: D01772

Germacrene D

C15H24 (204.1878)

Germacrene d, also known as germacrene d, (s-(e,e))-isomer, is a member of the class of compounds known as germacrane sesquiterpenoids. Germacrane sesquiterpenoids are sesquiterpenoids having the germacrane skeleton, with a structure characterized by a cyclodecane ring substituted with an isopropyl and two methyl groups. Germacrene d can be found in a number of food items such as peppermint, roman camomile, hyssop, and common walnut, which makes germacrene d a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

Uncineol

C15H26O (222.1984)

Tricosane

C23H48 (324.3756)

N-tricosane, also known as ch3-[ch2]21-ch3, is a member of the class of compounds known as alkanes. Alkanes are acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2 , and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms. Thus, N-tricosane is considered to be a hydrocarbon lipid molecule. N-tricosane is an alkane and waxy tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as kohlrabi, papaya, coconut, and ginkgo nuts, which makes N-tricosane a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. N-tricosane can be found primarily in saliva. The term higher alkanes is sometimes used literally as "alkanes with a higher number of carbon atoms". One definition distinguishes the higher alkanes as the n-alkanes that are solid under natural conditions . Tricosane belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acyclic alkanes. These are acyclic hydrocarbons consisting only of n carbon atoms and m hydrogen atoms where m=2*n + 2.

gamma-Terpineol

C10H18O (154.1358)

gamma-Terpineol is found in ceylan cinnamon. gamma-Terpineol is isolated from carrot oils, from the cinnamon tree (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) and Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris).Terpineol is a naturally occurring monoterpene alcohol that has been isolated from a variety of sources such as cajuput oil, pine oil, and petitgrain oil. There are three isomers, alpha-, beta-, and gamma-terpineol, the last two differing only by the location of the double bond. Terpineol is usually a mixture of these isomers with alpha-terpineol as the major constituent. (Wikipedia). Isolated from carrot oils, from the cinnamon tree (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) and Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris)

Methyl benzoate

C8H8O2 (136.0524)

Methyl benzoate is an ester with the chemical formula C6H5COOCH3. It is formed by the condensation of methanol and benzoic acid. It is a colorless to slightly yellow liquid that is insoluble with water, but miscible with most organic solvents. Methyl benzoate is found in allspice. Methyl benzoate is present in various flower oils, banana, cherry, pimento berry, ceriman (Monstera deliciosa), clove bud and stem, mustard, coffee, black tea, dill, starfruit and cherimoya (Annona cherimola). Methyl benzoate is used in flavourings. It is one of many compounds that is attractive to males of various species of orchid bees, who apparently gather the chemical to synthesize pheromones; it is commonly used as bait to attract and collect these bees for study. Present in various flower oils, banana, cherry, pimento berry, ceriman (Monstera deliciosa), clove bud and stem, mustard, coffee, black tea, dill, starfruit and cherimoya (Annona cherimola). It is used in flavourings

Flavone

C15H10O2 (222.0681)

Quercetin is a flavonoid that forms the "backbone" for many other flavonoids, including the citrus flavonoids rutin, hesperidin, naringin and tangeritin. In studies, quercetin is found to be the most active of the flavonoids, and many medicinal plants owe much of their activity to their high quercetin content. Quercetin has demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activity because of direct inhibition of several initial processes of inflammation. For example, it inhibits both the manufacture and release of histamine and other allergic/inflammatory mediators. In addition, it exerts potent antioxidant activity and vitamin C-sparing action. -- Wikipedia. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 824; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9336; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9335 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 824; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9354; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9353 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 824; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9398; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9396 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 824; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9424; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9423 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 824; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9371; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9370 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 824; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9397; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9396 Flavones (flavus = yellow), are a class of flavonoids based on the backbone of 2-phenylchromen-4-one (2-phenyl-1-benzopyran-4-one). Flavones is found in many foods, some of which are dill, feijoa, pomegranate, and rosemary. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8089 Flavone is an endogenous metabolite. Flavone is an endogenous metabolite.

(+)-Limonene

C10H16 (136.1252)

(+)-Limonene, also known as d-limonene, is a naturally occurring monoterpene which is the major component in orange oil. Currently, (+)-limonene is widely used as a flavour and fragrance and is listed to be generally recognized as safe in food by the Food and Drug Administration (21 CFR 182.60 in the Code of Federal Regulations, U.S.A.). Recently, however, (+)-limonene has been shown to cause a male rat-specific kidney toxicity referred to as hyaline droplet nephropathy. Furthermore, chronic exposure to (+)-limonene causes a significant incidence of renal tubular tumours exclusively in male rats. Although (+)-limonene is not carcinogenic in female rats or male and female mice given much higher dosages, the male rat-specific nephrocarcinogenicity of (+)-limonene may raise some concern regarding the safety of (+)-limonene for human consumption. A considerable body of scientific data has indicated that the renal toxicity of (+)-limonene results from the accumulation of a protein, alpha 2u-globulin, in male rat kidney proximal tubule lysosomes. This protein is synthesized exclusively by adult male rats. Other species, including humans, synthesize proteins that share significant homology with alpha 2u-globulin. However, none of these proteins, including the mouse equivalent of alpha 2u-globulin, can produce this toxicity, indicating a unique specificity for alpha 2u-globulin. With chronic exposure to (+)-limonene, the hyaline droplet nephropathy progresses and the kidney shows tubular cell necrosis, granular cast formation at the corticomedullary junction, and compensatory cell proliferation. Both (+)-limonene and cis-d-limonene-1,2-oxide (the major metabolite involved in this toxicity) are negative in vitro mutagenicity screens. Therefore, the toxicity-related renal cell proliferation is believed to be integrally involved in the carcinogenicity of (+)-limonene as persistent elevations in renal cell proliferation may increase fixation of spontaneously altered DNA or serve to promote spontaneously initiated cells. The scientific data demonstrates that the tumorigenic activity of (+)-limonene in male rats is not relevant to humans. The three major lines of evidence supporting the human safety of (+)-limonene are (1) the male rat specificity of the nephrotoxicity and carcinogenicity; (2) the pivotal role that alpha 2u-globulin plays in the toxicity, as evidenced by the complete lack of toxicity in other species despite the presence of structurally similar proteins; and (3) the lack of genotoxicity of both (+)-limonene and d-limonene-1,2-oxide, supporting the concept of a nongenotoxic mechanism, namely, sustained renal cell proliferation (PMID:2024047). (4r)-limonene, also known as (+)-4-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene or (R)-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene, is a member of the class of compounds known as menthane monoterpenoids. Menthane monoterpenoids are monoterpenoids with a structure based on the o-, m-, or p-menthane backbone. P-menthane consists of the cyclohexane ring with a methyl group and a (2-methyl)-propyl group at the 1 and 4 ring position, respectively. The o- and m- menthanes are much rarer, and presumably arise by alkyl migration of p-menthanes. Thus, (4r)-limonene is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule (4r)-limonene can be found in sweet marjoram, which makes (4r)-limonene a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product (4r)-limonene can be found primarily in saliva.

cis-Citral

C10H16O (152.1201)

Neral, also known as cis-citral or citral b, is a member of the class of compounds known as acyclic monoterpenoids. Acyclic monoterpenoids are monoterpenes that do not contain a cycle. Thus, neral is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Neral is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Neral is a sweet, citral, and lemon tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as oval-leaf huckleberry, lime, onion-family vegetables, and biscuit, which makes neral a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Neral may refer to: An isomer of Citral Neral, India, a town in Raigad district in the Indian state of Maharashtra Neral railway station A Romulan from Star Trek . cis-Citral, also known as neural or citral B, is the Z-isomer of the terpenoid citral. Citral is found in carrot.

cis-3-Hexenyl acetate

C8H14O2 (142.0994)

cis-3-Hexenyl acetate, also known as (Z)-3-hexenol acetic acid or acetate(3Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, is an acetate ester that results from the formal condensation of acetic acid with (Z)-hex-3-en-1-ol. It has a role as a metabolite. It is an acetate ester and an olefinic compound. It derives from a (Z)-hex-3-en-1-ol and an acetic acid. It belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carboxylic acid esters. These are carboxylic acid derivatives in which the carbon atom from the carbonyl group is attached to an alkyl or an aryl moiety through an oxygen atom (forming an ester group). cis-3-Hexenyl acetate is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. cis-3-Hexenyl acetate is a sweet, apple, and banana tasting compound. cis-3-Hexenyl acetate has been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as tamarinds, sunburst squash (pattypan squash), carobs, pepper (Capsicum baccatum), and swedes. Present in green tea and fruit volatiles. Flavouring component. cis-3-Hexenyl acetate is found in many foods, some of which are skunk currant, spirulina, dill, and green vegetables.

(3R,6E)-nerolidol

C15H26O (222.1984)

A (6E)-nerolidol in which the hydroxy group at positon 3 adopts an R-configuration. It is a fertility-related volatile compound secreted by the queens of higher termites from the subfamily Syntermitinae. Nerolidol is a natural membrane-active sesquiterpene, with antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic activity[1]. Nerolidol is a natural membrane-active sesquiterpene, with antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic activity[1].

alpha-Cadinene

C15H24 (204.1878)

A cadinene sesquiterpene that consists of 1-(propan-2-yl)-1,2,4a,5,6,8a-hexahydronaphthalene having two methyl substituents at positions 1 and 4 (the 1S,4aS,8aS-configuration). A member of the cadinene family of sesquiterpenes having a 4,7-dimethyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1,2,4a,5,6,8a-hexahydronaphthalene skeleton with 1S,4aR,8aS-stereochemistry. It is isolated from the essential oils of several plant species.

Isodiprene

C10H16 (136.1252)

(3R)-Linalool

C10H18O (154.1358)

HEPTACOSANE

C27H56 (380.4382)

A straight-chain alkane with 27 carbon atoms.

Dehydro-ar-ionene

C13H16 (172.1252)

Nonanal

C9H18O (142.1358)

Nonanal, also known as nonyl aldehyde or pelargonaldehyde, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain aldehydes. These are an aldehyde with a chain length containing between 6 and 12 carbon atoms. Thus, nonanal is considered to be a fatty aldehyde lipid molecule. Nonanal acts synergistically with carbon dioxide in that regard. Nonanal is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Nonanal exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Nonanal is an aldehydic, citrus, and fat tasting compound. nonanal is found, on average, in the highest concentration in a few different foods, such as corns, tea, and gingers and in a lower concentration in sweet oranges, carrots, and limes. nonanal has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as olives, cereals and cereal products, chinese cinnamons, common grapes, and oats. This could make nonanal a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Nonanal has been identified as a compound that attracts Culex mosquitoes. Nonanal is a potentially toxic compound. Nonanal has been found to be associated with several diseases such as pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified, autism, crohns disease, and ulcerative colitis; also nonanal has been linked to the inborn metabolic disorders including celiac disease. Nonanal, also called nonanaldehyde, pelargonaldehyde or Aldehyde C-9, is an alkyl aldehyde. Although it occurs in several natural oils, it is produced commercially by hydroformylation of 1-octene. A colourless, oily liquid, nonanal is a component of perfumes. Nonanal is a clear brown liquid characterized by a rose-orange odor. Insoluble in water. Found in at least 20 essential oils, including rose and citrus oils and several species of pine oil. Nonanal is a saturated fatty aldehyde formally arising from reduction of the carboxy group of nonanoic acid. Metabolite observed in cancer metabolism. It has a role as a human metabolite and a plant metabolite. It is a saturated fatty aldehyde, a n-alkanal and a medium-chain fatty aldehyde. It is functionally related to a nonanoic acid. Nonanal is a natural product found in Teucrium montanum, Eupatorium cannabinum, and other organisms with data available. Nonanal is a uremic toxin. Uremic toxins can be subdivided into three major groups based upon their chemical and physical characteristics: 1) small, water-soluble, non-protein-bound compounds, such as urea; 2) small, lipid-soluble and/or protein-bound compounds, such as the phenols and 3) larger so-called middle-molecules, such as beta2-microglobulin. Chronic exposure of uremic toxins can lead to a number of conditions including renal damage, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease.Nonanal belongs to the family of Medium-chain Aldehydes. These are An aldehyde with a chain length containing between 6 and 12 carbon atoms. Found in various plant sources including fresh fruits, citrus peels, cassava (Manihot esculenta), rice (Oryza sativa). Flavouring ingredient A saturated fatty aldehyde formally arising from reduction of the carboxy group of nonanoic acid. Metabolite observed in cancer metabolism. Nonanal is a saturated fatty aldehyde with antidiarrhoeal activity[1]. Nonanal is a saturated fatty aldehyde with antidiarrhoeal activity[1].

2-Tridecanone

C13H26O (198.1984)

2-tridecanone is a white crystalline solid. (NTP, 1992) Tridecan-2-one is a methyl ketone that is tridecane in which the methylene hydrogens at position 2 are replaced by an oxo group. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a flavouring agent. It derives from a hydride of a tridecane. 2-Tridecanone is a natural product found in Hedychium spicatum, Azadirachta indica, and other organisms with data available. 2-Tridecanone is found in citrus. 2-Tridecanone is isolated from plant oils, e.g. palm oil, coconut oil. Also found in American cranberry, rabbiteye, blueberry, raspberry, grapefruit, onion, ginger and cheeses. 2-Tridecanone is used as a flavouring essence. Isolated from plant oils, e.g. palm oil, coconut oiland is also found in American cranberry, rabbiteye, blueberry, raspberry, grapefruit, onion, ginger and cheeses. It is used as a flavouring essence. A methyl ketone that is tridecane in which the methylene hydrogens at position 2 are replaced by an oxo group. 2-Tridecanone, a nonalkaloid insecticide, is isolated from the wild tomato Lycopersicon hirsutum f. glabratum. 2-Tridecanone is a volatile organic compound[1][2]. 2-Tridecanone, a nonalkaloid insecticide, is isolated from the wild tomato Lycopersicon hirsutum f. glabratum. 2-Tridecanone is a volatile organic compound[1][2].

2-Methylpropyl benzoate

C11H14O2 (178.0994)

2-Methylpropyl benzoate is found in alcoholic beverages. 2-Methylpropyl benzoate is used in perfumery and food flavouring. 2-Methylpropyl benzoate is present in banana, sweet cherry, papaya, beer, cider and cocoa. 2-Methylpropyl benzoate is used in perfumery and food flavouring. It is found in banana, sweet cherry, papaya, beer, cider and cocoa.

Ethyl benzoate

C9H10O2 (150.0681)

Ethyl benzoate, also known as benzoic ether or fema 2422, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzoic acid esters. These are ester derivatives of benzoic acid. Ethyl benzoate is the ester formed by the condensation of benzoic acid and ethanol. It is a component of some artificial fruit flavors. It is a colorless liquid that is almost insoluble in water, but miscible with most organic solvents. As with many volatile esters, ethyl benzoate has a pleasant odor. Ethyl benzoate is a sweet, anise, and balsam tasting compound. Ethyl benzoate has been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as black elderberries, pomes, alcoholic beverages, allspices, and blackcurrants. It has also been found in various fruits, e.g. apple, banana, sweet cherryand is also present in milk, butter, wines, black tea, bourbon vanilla and fruit brandies. Ethyl benzoate is a potentially toxic compound. ; Found in various fruits, e.g. apple, banana, sweet cherryand is also present in milk, butter, wines, black tea, bourbon vanilla and fruit brandies. Flavouring agent

Ethyl butyrate

C6H12O2 (116.0837)

Ethyl butyrate, also known as ethyl butanoate, or butyric ether, is an ester with the chemical formula CH3CH2CH2COOCH2CH3, with one oxygen having a double bond. It is soluble in propylene glycol, paraffin oil and kerosene. Ethyl butyrate is present in many fruits e.g. apple, apricot, banana, plum, tangerine etc. Ethyl butyrate is a flavouring ingredient and it can be synthesized by reacting ethanol and butyric acid. This is a condensation reaction, meaning water is produced in the reaction as a byproduct. Present in many fruits e.g. apple, apricot, banana, plum, tangerine etc. Flavouring ingredient

Nerolidol

C15H26O (222.1984)

A component of many essential oils. The (S)-enantiomer is the commoner and occurs mostly as the (S)-(E)-isomer. Flavouring agent. Nerolidol is found in many foods, some of which are coriander, sweet basil, roman camomile, and sweet orange. Nerolidol is found in bitter gourd. Nerolidol is a component of many essential oils. The (S)-enantiomer is the commoner and occurs mostly as the (S)-(E)-isomer. Nerolidol is a flavouring agent Nerolidol is a natural membrane-active sesquiterpene, with antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic activity[1]. Nerolidol is a natural membrane-active sesquiterpene, with antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic activity[1].

1-Hexanol

C6H14O (102.1045)

1-Hexanol is an organic alcohol with a six carbon chain and a condensed structural formula of CH3(CH2)5OH. This colorless liquid is slightly soluble in water, but miscible with ether and ethanol. Two additional straight chain isomers of 1-hexanol exist, 2-hexanol and 3-hexanol, both of which differ by the location of the hydroxyl group. Many isomeric alcohols have the formula C6H13OH. 1-hexanol is believed to be a component of the odour of freshly mowed grass. It is used in the perfume industry and as a flavouring agent. 1-Hexanol is found in many foods, some of which are lemon, tea, yellow bell pepper, and hyssop. 1-Hexanol is a common constituent of essential oils (e.g. orange peel oil). 1-Hexanol is an organic alcohol with a six carbon chain and a condensed structural formula of CH3(CH2)5OH. This colorless liquid is slightly soluble in water, but miscible with ether and ethanol. Two additional straight chain isomers of 1-hexanol exist, 2-hexanol and 3-hexanol, both of which differ by the location of the hydroxyl group. Many isomeric alcohols have the formula C6H13OH. 1-hexanol is believed to be a component of the odour of freshly mown grass. It is used in the perfume industry. D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D000777 - Anesthetics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018680 - Cholinergic Antagonists

2-Nonanone

C9H18O (142.1358)

2-Nonanone is found in alcoholic beverages. 2-Nonanone is present in banana, ginger, Brazil nut, attar of rose, clove oil, coconut oil, passionflower, sorghum, asparagus, tomato, corn, wine, cheese, beer, blackcurrant buds, melon, and strawberry jam. 2-Nonanone is a flavor and fragrance agent. It is a clear slightly yellow liquid. Ketones, such as 2-Nonanone, are reactive with many acids and bases liberating heat and flammable gases (e.g., H2). The amount of heat may be sufficient to start a fire in the unreacted portion of the ketone. Ketones react with reducing agents such as hydrides, alkali metals, and nitrides to produce flammable gas (H2) and heat. Present in banana, ginger, Brazil nut, attar of rose, clove oil, coconut oil, passionflower, sorghum, asparagus, tomato, corn, wine, cheese, beer, blackcurrant buds, melon, strawberry jam etc. Flavouring ingredient. 2-Nonanone is found in many foods, some of which are green vegetables, cereals and cereal products, watermelon, and cloves.

Ethyl hexanoate

C8H16O2 (144.115)

Ethyl hexanoate, also known as ethyl caproate or ethyl hexoic acid, is a fatty acid ethyl ester obtained by the formal condensation of hexanoic acid with ethanol. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a fatty acid ethyl ester and a hexanoate ester. Ethyl hexanoate belongs to the class of organic compounds known as fatty acid esters. These are carboxylic ester derivatives of a fatty acid. Ethyl hexanoate is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Found in many fruits, clove bud, corn oil, Camembert cheese, milk, fruit brandies, sparkling wine and Bourbon vanilla. It is used in perfumes and fruit flavours

Hexyl acetate

C8H16O2 (144.115)

Hexyl acetate, also known as N-hexyl ethanoate or hexyl acetic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carboxylic acid esters. These are carboxylic acid derivatives in which the carbon atom from the carbonyl group is attached to an alkyl or an aryl moiety through an oxygen atom (forming an ester group). The acetate ester of hexan-1-ol. Hexyl acetate is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Hexyl acetate is a sweet, apple, and banana tasting compound. Hexyl acetate is found, on average, in the highest concentration within highbush blueberries. Hexyl acetate has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as alcoholic beverages, pears, oats, roman camomiles, and sweet cherries. This could make hexyl acetate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Hexyl acetate is used in fruit essences and fruit aroma concentrates. It is found in wines, black tea, soya bean, roman camomile, peach, purple mangosteen, and muskmelon.

beta-Bourbonene

C15H24 (204.1878)

beta-Bourbonene is found in cloves. beta-Bourbonene is a flavouring agent.

(E)-Calamene

C15H22 (202.1721)

Calamene is a metabolite of plant Turnera diffusa. Turnera diffusa (Damiana, Mexican holly, Old Womans Broom) is a small shrub of the family Tuneraceae. T. diffusa is native to both Central and South America and now commercially cultivated in Bolivia and Mexico. The leaf includes volatile oils (1,8-cineole, p-cymene, alpha- and beta-pinene, thymol, alpha-copaene, and calamene); luteolin; tannins, flavonoids (arbutin, acacetin, apigenin and pinocembrin), beta-sitosterol, damianin, and the cyanogenic glycoside tetraphyllin B. (www.globinmed.com) (e)-calamene is also known as calamenene or 1,6-dimethyl-4-isopropyltetralin. (e)-calamene can be found in a number of food items such as guava, lovage, summer savory, and rosemary, which makes (e)-calamene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products (e)-calamene can be found primarily in urine.

delta-Amorphene

C15H24 (204.1878)

1(10),4-Cadinadiene is a cadinene (FDB009046) of the delta-serie [FooDB]. A cadinene (FDB009046) of the delta-serie [FooDB]

beta-Farnesene

C15H24 (204.1878)

A mixture with 1,3,6,10-Farnesatetraene JXF60-O has been isolated from many plant sources and is used as a food flavourant (woodgreen flavour). beta-Farnesene is found in sweet basil. (E)-beta-Farnesene is found in anise. (E)-beta-Farnesene is a constituent of hop, camomile and other essential oils (E)-β-Farnesene (trans-β-Farnesene) is a volatile sesquiterpene hydrocarbon which can be found in Phlomis aurea Decne essential oil. (E)-β-Farnesene can be used as a feeding stimulant for the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis[1][2]. (E)-β-Farnesene (trans-β-Farnesene) is a volatile sesquiterpene hydrocarbon which can be found in Phlomis aurea Decne essential oil. (E)-β-Farnesene can be used as a feeding stimulant for the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis[1][2].

cis-Ocimene

C10H16 (136.1252)

Ocimene refers to several isomeric hydrocarbons. The ocimenes are monoterpenes found within a variety of plants and fruits. alpha-Ocimene and the two beta-ocimenes differ in the position of the isolated double bond: it is terminal in the alpha isomer. alpha-Ocimene is 3,7-dimethyl-1,3,7-octatriene. beta-Ocimene is 3,7-dimethyl-1,3,6-octatriene. beta-Ocimene exists in two stereoisomeric forms, cis and trans, with respect to the central double bond. The ocimenes are often found naturally as mixtures of the various forms. The mixture (as well as the pure compounds) is an oil with a pleasant odor. It is used in perfumery. cis-beta-Ocimene is found in many foods, some of which are cornmint, sweet orange, sweet basil, and common sage. cis-Ocimene is found in allspice. Ocimene refers to several isomeric hydrocarbons. The ocimenes are monoterpenes found within a variety of plants and fruits. alpha-Ocimene and the two beta-ocimenes differ in the position of the isolated double bond: it is terminal in the alpha isomer. alpha-Ocimene is 3,7-dimethyl-1,3,7-octatriene. beta-Ocimene is 3,7-dimethyl-1,3,6-octatriene. beta-Ocimene exists in two stereoisomeric forms, cis and trans, with respect to the central double bond. The ocimenes are often found naturally as mixtures of the various forms. The mixture (as well as the pure compounds) is an oil with a pleasant odor. It is used in perfumery. (Wikipedia

2-Methylbutyl 2-methylbutanoate

C10H20O2 (172.1463)

2-Methylbutyl 2-methylbutanoate is found in fats and oils. 2-Methylbutyl 2-methylbutanoate is a flavouring ingredient. 2-Methylbutyl 2-methylbutanoate is present in essential oil of hops (Humulus lupulus) and odorous component of grapes Vaccinium vitis-idaea. 2-Methylbutyl 2-methylbutanoate is a flavouring ingredient. It is found in essential oil of hops (Humulus lupulus) and odorous component of grapes Vaccinium vitis-idaea.

Lignocerane

C24H50 (338.3912)

Lignocerane, also known as CH3-[CH2]22-CH3 or N-tetracosane, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alkanes. These are acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2 , and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms. Lignocerane is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Thus, lignocerane is considered to be a hydrocarbon lipid molecule. Lignocerane has been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as lindens, citrus, sunflowers, allspices, and papaya. Isolated from plant sources e.g. rose and orange oils

Methyl geranate

C11H18O2 (182.1307)

Methyl_geranate belongs to the family of Acyclic Monoterpenes. These are monoterpenes (compounds made of two consecutive isoprene units) that do not contain a cycle.

trans-3-Hexenyl acetate

C8H14O2 (142.0994)

trans-3-Hexenyl acetate is used as a food additive [EAFUS] ("EAFUS: Everything Added to Food in the United States. [http://www.eafus.com/]") It is used as a food additive .

1,2-Dihydro-1,1,6-trimethylnaphthalene

C13H16 (172.1252)

1,2-Dihydro-1,1,6-trimethylnaphthalene is found in alcoholic beverages. 1,2-Dihydro-1,1,6-trimethylnaphthalene is isolated from strawberry oil, peaches, tobacco and wines. 1,2-Dihydro-1,1,6-trimethylnaphthalene is a component of wine off-flavour on ageing. Isolated from strawberry oil, peaches, tobacco and wines. Component of wine off-flavour on ageing. 1,2-Dihydro-1,1,6-trimethylnaphthalene is found in alcoholic beverages and fruits.

Propyl benzoate

C10H12O2 (164.0837)

Propyl benzoate is found in cloves. Propyl benzoate is present in cherry and clove stem, also in butter. Propyl benzoate is a flavouring ingredient Propyl benzoate is an organic chemical compound used as a food additive Present in cherry and clove stem, also in butter. Flavouring ingredient

3-Decanone

C10H20O (156.1514)

3-Decanone is used as a food additive [EAFUS] ("EAFUS: Everything Added to Food in the United States. [http://www.eafus.com/]")

Hexyl hexanoate

C12H24O2 (200.1776)

Hexyl hexanoate, also known as capryl caproate or fema 2572, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as fatty acid esters. These are carboxylic ester derivatives of a fatty acid. Hexyl hexanoate is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Hexyl hexanoate is used in fruit flavouring. It is found in many fruits, parmesan cheese, alcoholic beverages and black tea. It is a volatile component from fruit ripening.

3-Hexanol

C6H14O (102.1045)

3-Hexanol, also known as fema 3351 or 3-hexyl alcohol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as secondary alcohols. Secondary alcohols are compounds containing a secondary alcohol functional group, with the general structure HOC(R)(R) (R,R=alkyl, aryl). 3-Hexanol is an alcoholic, ether, and medicinal tasting compound. 3-Hexanol is found, on average, in the highest concentration within safflowers. 3-Hexanol has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as green bell peppers, orange bell peppers, pepper (c. annuum), red bell peppers, and yellow bell peppers. 3-Hexanol occurs naturally in the flavor and aroma of plants such as pineapple and is used as a food additive to add flavor. 3-Hexanol is found in many foods, some of which are pepper (c. annuum), red bell pepper, orange bell pepper, and green bell pepper.

cis-3-Hexenyl butyrate

C10H18O2 (170.1307)

Constituent of aroma from Ceylon teaand is also present in orange peel oil, lovage root and many fruits, e.g. feijoa fruit, nectarine, strawberry, guava, Chinese quince. Flavouring ingredient. cis-3-Hexenyl butyrate is found in many foods, some of which are tea, safflower, fruits, and citrus. cis-3-Hexenyl butyrate is found in citrus. cis-3-Hexenyl butyrate is a constituent of aroma from Ceylon tea. Also present in orange peel oil, lovage root and many fruits, e.g. feijoa fruit, nectarine, strawberry, guava, Chinese quince. cis-3-Hexenyl butyrate is a flavouring ingredient.

Benzyl salicylate

C14H12O3 (228.0786)

Benzyl salicylate is found in cloves. Benzyl salicylate is isolated from essential oils e.g. Dianthus caryophyllus, Populus, Primula species Fixative in perfumes and flavourings Benzyl salicylate is a salicylic acid benzyl ester, a chemical compound most frequently used in cosmetics. It appears as an almost colourless liquid and is rather faint or odorless in nature Isolated from essential oils e.g. Dianthus caryophyllus, Populus, Primula subspecies Fixative in perfumes and flavourings D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D012459 - Salicylates Benzyl salicylate?is a salicylic acid benzyl ester. It can be used as a fragrance additive or UV light absorber. Benzyl salicylate?is a salicylic acid benzyl ester. It can be used as a fragrance additive or UV light absorber.

3-Nonanone

C9H18O (142.1358)

3-Nonanone is found in animal foods. 3-Nonanone is a flavouring ingredient. 3-Nonanone is present in banana, passion fruit and cooked bee 3-Nonanone is a flavouring ingredient. It is found in banana, passion fruit and cooked beef.

2-Heptadecanone

C17H34O (254.261)

2-Heptadecanone is a constituent of aroma compounds of white bread

Hexyl butyrate

C10H20O2 (172.1463)

Occurs in many fruits. Hexyl butyrate is found in many foods, some of which are roman camomile, passion fruit, apple, and tea. Hexyl butyrate is found in apple. Hexyl butyrate occurs in many fruits.

Cadalene

C15H18 (198.1408)

Cadalene is a member of the class of compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. Sesquiterpenoids are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units. Thus, cadalene is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Cadalene can be found in a number of food items such as cloves, sugar apple, rosemary, and fig, which makes cadalene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Cadalene can be found primarily in saliva and urine. Cadalene exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Cadalene or cadalin (4-isopropyl-1,6-dimethylnaphthalene) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with a chemical formula C15H18 and a cadinane skeleton. It is derived from generic sesquiterpenes, and ubiquitous in essential oils of many higher plants . Cadalene (4-isopropyl-1,6-dimethylnaphthalene) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with a chemical formula C15H18 and a cadinane skeleton. It is derived from generic sesquiterpenes, and ubiquitous in essential oils of many higher plants. Cadalene, together with retene, simonellite and ip-iHMN, is a biomarker of higher plants, which makes it useful for paleobotanic analysis of rock sediments. The ratio of retene to cadalene in sediments can reveal the ratio of the genus Pinaceae in the biosphere. (Wikipedia)

Hexyl benzoate

C13H18O2 (206.1307)

Present in fruits of apricot, lingonberry, cowberry, feijoa, peach, sapodilla and other fruitsand is) also present in Parmesan cheese, butter and black tea. Flavouring ingredient. Hexyl benzoate is found in tea, milk and milk products, and fruits. Hexyl benzoate is found in fruits. Hexyl benzoate is present in fruits of apricot, lingonberry, cowberry, feijoa, peach, sapodilla and other fruits. Also present in Parmesan cheese, butter and black tea. Hexyl benzoate is a flavouring ingredient.

1-Hexacosene

C26H52 (364.4069)

1-Hexacosene is found in green vegetables. 1-Hexacosene is a constituent of Aralia elata (Japanese angelica tree). Constituent of Aralia elata (Japanese angelica tree). 1-Hexacosene is found in green vegetables.

cis-3-Hexenyl hexanoate

C12H22O2 (198.162)

Constituent of tabasco peppers (Capsicum frutescens). Aroma component of green teaand is also present in orange peel oil, guava fruit, feijoa fruit, purple passion fruit and other fruits. Flavouring agent. cis-3-Hexenyl hexanoate is found in many foods, some of which are fruits, tea, citrus, and herbs and spices. cis-3-Hexenyl hexanoate is found in citrus. cis-3-Hexenyl hexanoate is a constituent of tabasco peppers (Capsicum frutescens). Aroma component of green tea. Also present in orange peel oil, guava fruit, feijoa fruit, purple passion fruit and other fruits. cis-3-Hexenyl hexanoate is a flavouring agent.

2-Decanone

C10H20O (156.1514)

2-Decanone, also known as N-C8H17COCH3 or decan-2-one, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as ketones. These are organic compounds in which a carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms R2C=O (neither R may be a hydrogen atom). Ketones that have one or more alpha-hydrogen atoms undergo keto-enol tautomerization, the tautomer being an enol. Thus, 2-decanone is considered to be an oxygenated hydrocarbon lipid molecule. A methyl ketone that is decane in which the methylene hydrogens at position 2 are replaced by an oxo group. 2-Decanone is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. 2-Decanone is found, on average, in the highest concentration within kohlrabis. This could make 2-decanone a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. 2-Decanone, with regard to humans, has been found to be associated with several diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, ulcerative colitis, and crohns disease; 2-decanone has also been linked to the inborn metabolic disorder celiac disease. Constituent of essential oil of rue (Ruta graveolens). 2-Decanone is found in herbs and spices and corn.

Ethyl propionate

C5H10O2 (102.0681)

Ethyl propanoate, also known as fema 2456, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carboxylic acid esters. These are carboxylic acid derivatives in which the carbon atom from the carbonyl group is attached to an alkyl or an aryl moiety through an oxygen atom, forming an ester group. Ethyl propanoate exists as a solid. It is very hydrophobic, practically insoluble in water, and a relatively neutral molecule. Ethyl propanoate exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Ethyl propanoate has been found to be associated with several known diseases as autism, irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; also ethyl propanoate has been linked to the inborn metabolic disorders including celiac disease. As a volatile organic compound, ethyl propionate has been identified as a fecal biomarker of Clostridium difficile infection (PMID:30986230). It is used in fruity and rum flavour compositions. Ethyl propionate is found in many foods, some of which are apple, fig, black elderberry, and olive.

Methyl 4-methoxybenzoate

C9H10O3 (166.063)

Methyl 4-methoxybenzoate is found in star anise. Methyl 4-methoxybenzoate is a flavouring ingredien Flavouring ingredient. Methyl 4-methoxybenzoate is found in star anise. Methyl anisate is an endogenous metabolite.

1-Octen-3-one

C8H14O (126.1045)

1-Octen-3-one is found in fruits. Mushroom flavour component (shiitake, matsutake). Also present in cranberry, melon, cape gooseberry, peas, potato, mustards, wheat bread, other breads, coriander seed, dill basil varieties and soybean. Contributes to aroma of cooked artichokes (Cynara scolymus) and many other foods Oct-1-en-3-one (CH2=CHC(=O)(CH2)4CH3), also known as 1-octen-3-one, is the odorant that is responsible for the typical metallic smell of metals and blood coming into contact with skin. Oct-1-en-3-one has a strong metallic mushroom-like odor with an odor detection threshold of 0.03 - 1.12 µg/m and it is the main compound responsible for the "smell of metal", followed by decanal (smell: orange skin, flowery) and nonanal (smell: tallowy, fruity). Oct-1-en-3-one is the degradative reduction product of the chemical reaction of skin lipid peroxides and Fe2+. Skin lipid peroxides are formed from skin lipid by oxidation, either enzymatically by lipoxygenases or by air oxygen. Oct-1-en-3-one is a ketone analog of the alkene 1-octene Mushroom flavour component (shiitake, matsutake)and is also present in cranberry, melon, cape gooseberry, peas, potato, mustards, wheat bread, other breads, coriander seed, dill basil varieties and soybean. Contributes to aroma of cooked artichokes (Cynara scolymus) and many other foods

2-Oxohexane

C6H12O (100.0888)

2-Oxohexane, also known as hexan-2-one or MNBK, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as ketones. These are organic compounds in which a carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms R2C=O (neither R may be a hydrogen atom). Ketones that have one or more alpha-hydrogen atoms undergo keto-enol tautomerization, the tautomer being an enol. Thus, 2-oxohexane is considered to be an oxygenated hydrocarbon lipid molecule. 2-Oxohexane is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. 2-Oxohexane is an gasoline tasting compound. 2-Oxohexane is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as hyssops, milk (cow), and corns. 2-Oxohexane has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as green bell peppers, orange bell peppers, red bell peppers, nuts, and peppers. This could make 2-oxohexane a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. 2-Oxohexane is a potentially toxic compound. 2-Oxohexane, with regard to humans, has been found to be associated with several diseases such as ulcerative colitis, crohns disease, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; 2-oxohexane has also been linked to the inborn metabolic disorder celiac disease. 2-Oxohexane is absorbed via ingestion, inhalation, and dermal routes, then distributed widely throughout the body, with the highest levels in the liver and blood. The main neurological disorders associated with chronic volatile substance are peripheral neuropathy, cerebellar disease, chronic encephalopathy and dementia. This may include pathologies such as peripheral neuropathy and developmental defects. Apart from peripheral neuropathy, the clinical features are non-specific, evidence for solvent-related toxicity is in most cases circumstantial and there is no clear dose/response relationship. 2-Oxohexane is occasionally found as a volatile component of normal human biofluids. In addition, 2,5-hexanedione can covalently cross-link neurofilaments, causing large axonal swellings. 2-Oxohexane and 2,5-hexanedione may also inhibit sulfhydryl-dependent enzymes such as fructose-6-phosphate kinase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, as well as certain creatine kinases and adenylate kinases, impairing energy metabolism and subsequently resulting in axon deterioration. Present in hop oil (Humulus lupulus), potato (Solanum tuberosum) and groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea)

p-Mentha-1,3,5,8-tetraene

C10H12 (132.0939)

Occurs in Chamaecyparis, Citrus, Eucalyptus, Juniperus and Ribes subspecies oils and juices. Flavouring ingredient. p-Mentha-1,3,5,8-tetraene is found in many foods, some of which are lemon, parsley, spearmint, and roman camomile. p-Mentha-1,3,5,8-tetraene is found in citrus. p-Mentha-1,3,5,8-tetraene occurs in Chamaecyparis, Citrus, Eucalyptus, Juniperus and Ribes species oils and juices. p-Mentha-1,3,5,8-tetraene is a flavouring ingredien

Ethyl p-anisate

C10H12O3 (180.0786)

Ethyl p-anisate is a flavouring ingredien

Myrcenol

C10H18O (154.1358)

Myrcenol is found in sweet basil. Myrcenol is isolated from lavender oil and other plant oil Isolated from lavender oil and other plant oils. Myrcenol is found in sweet basil.

cis-3-Hexenyl benzoate

C13H16O2 (204.115)

cis-3-Hexenyl benzoate is found in fruits. cis-3-Hexenyl benzoate is a constituent of black tea aroma. Also present in bilberry, lingon berry, cowberry and feijoa fruit and peel. cis-3-Hexenyl benzoate is a flavouring agent. Constituent of black tea aromaand is also present in bilberry, lingon berry, cowberry and feijoa fruit and peel. Flavouring agent. cis-3-Hexenyl benzoate is found in tea and fruits.

1-Isopropyl-2-methylbenzene

C10H14 (134.1095)

1-Isopropyl-2-methylbenzene is found in citrus. 1-Isopropyl-2-methylbenzene is isolated from Citrus aurantium (Seville orange). Isolated from Citrus aurantium (Seville orange). 1-Isopropyl-2-methylbenzene is found in citrus.

cis-3-Hexenyl crotonate

C10H16O2 (168.115)

cis-3-Hexenyl crotonate is used as a food additive [EAFUS] ("EAFUS: Everything Added to Food in the United States. [http://www.eafus.com/]") It is used as a food additive .

3-Methylbutyl 2-methylpropanoate

C9H18O2 (158.1307)

3-Methylbutyl 2-methylpropanoate is a flavouring ingredien Flavouring ingredient

(2R)-1-O-beta-D-Galactopyranosylglycerol

C9H18O8 (254.1002)

(2R)-1-O-beta-D-Galactopyranosylglycerol is found in cereals and cereal products. (2R)-1-O-beta-D-Galactopyranosylglycerol is isolated from wheat flour lipids. Isolated from wheat flour lipids. (2R)-1-O-beta-D-Galactopyranosylglycerol is found in cereals and cereal products.

Calamenene

C15H22 (202.1721)

Calamenene belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. These are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units.

(-)-alpha-Tocopherol

C29H50O2 (430.3811)

α-tocopherol is a member of the class of compounds known as tocopherols. Tocopherols are vitamin E derivatives containing a saturated trimethyltridecyl chain attached to the carbon C6 atom of a benzopyran ring system. The differ from tocotrienols that contain an unsaturated trimethyltrideca-3,7,11-trien-1-yl chain. α-tocopherol is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). α-tocopherol can be found in a number of food items such as lime, rowanberry, horseradish tree, and pineappple sage, which makes α-tocopherol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. α-tocopherol is a form of vitamin E that is preferentially absorbed and accumulated in humans. The measurement of "vitamin E" activity in international units (IU) was based on fertility enhancement by the prevention of spontaneous abortions in pregnant rats relative to α-tocopherol .

3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol

C10H18O (154.1358)

alpha-Caryophyllene

C15H24 (204.1878)

α-Humulene is a main constituent of Tanacetum vulgare L. (Asteraceae) essential oil with anti-inflammation (IC50=15±2 μg/mL). α-Humulene inhibits COX-2 and iNOS expression[1]. α-Humulene is a main constituent of Tanacetum vulgare L. (Asteraceae) essential oil with anti-inflammation (IC50=15±2 μg/mL). α-Humulene inhibits COX-2 and iNOS expression[1].

Heptacosane

C27H56 (380.4382)

Heptacosane, also known as CH3-[CH2]25-CH3, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alkanes. These are acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2, and consist entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms. Thus, heptacosane is a hydrocarbon lipid molecule, is very hydrophobic, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Heptacosane has been detected in avocado, sunflowers, peachs, sweet cherries, and wild carrots. This could make heptacosane a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Heptacosane, in addition to other flavonoids, alkaloids and sugars, extracted from the root of Trichosanthes dioica, exhibited antimicrobial activity against Proteus mirabilis and Bacillus subtilis http://www.phytojournal.com/archives/?year=2016&vol=5&issue=5&part=F&ArticleId=985 Heptacosane, also known as ch3-[ch2]25-ch3, is a member of the class of compounds known as alkanes. Alkanes are acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2 , and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms. Thus, heptacosane is considered to be a hydrocarbon lipid molecule. Heptacosane can be found in a number of food items such as wild carrot, linden, sweet cherry, and papaya, which makes heptacosane a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. The term higher alkanes is sometimes used literally as "alkanes with a higher number of carbon atoms". One definition distinguishes the higher alkanes as the n-alkanes that are solid under natural conditions .

Hex-3-en-1-al

C6H12O (100.0888)

Cis-Hex-3-en-1-ol or (Z)-3-Hexen-1-ol, also known as (3Z)-hex-3-en-1-ol or leaf alcohol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as fatty alcohols. These are aliphatic alcohols consisting of a chain of a least six carbon atoms. Thus, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol is considered to be a fatty alcohol lipid molecule. (Z)-3-Hexen-1-ol is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. It is a colorless oily Liquid with an intense grassy-green odor of freshly cut green grass and leaves. Cis-Hex-3-en-1-ol is produced in small amounts by most plants and it acts as an attractant to many predatory insects. Cis-3-Hexen-1-ol is a very important aroma compound that is used in fruit and vegetable flavors and in perfumes. Hex-3-en-1-al, also known as 3-hexen-1-ol or cis-3-hexenol, is a member of the class of compounds known as fatty alcohols. Fatty alcohols are aliphatic alcohols consisting of a chain of a least six carbon atoms. Hex-3-en-1-al is soluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Hex-3-en-1-al can be found in burdock, which makes hex-3-en-1-al a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.

(Z)-3-Hexenylbenzoate

C13H16O2 (204.115)

(z)-3-hexenylbenzoate is a member of the class of compounds known as benzoic acid esters. Benzoic acid esters are ester derivatives of benzoic acid (z)-3-hexenylbenzoate is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). (z)-3-hexenylbenzoate can be found in safflower, which makes (z)-3-hexenylbenzoate a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.

1-ethenyl-1-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)-4-(1-methylethylidene)-cyclohexane

C15H24 (204.1878)

Flavouring compound [Flavornet]

(E)-beta-farnesene

C15H24 (204.1878)

(e)-beta-farnesene, also known as 7,11-dimethyl-3-methylenedodeca-1,6,10-triene, is a member of the class of compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. Sesquiterpenoids are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units (e)-beta-farnesene can be found in a number of food items such as safflower, lemon thyme, cauliflower, and root vegetables, which makes (e)-beta-farnesene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. (e)-β-farnesene, also known as 7,11-dimethyl-3-methylenedodeca-1,6,10-triene, is a member of the class of compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. Sesquiterpenoids are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units (e)-β-farnesene can be found in a number of food items such as safflower, lemon thyme, cauliflower, and root vegetables, which makes (e)-β-farnesene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. (E)-β-Farnesene (trans-β-Farnesene) is a volatile sesquiterpene hydrocarbon which can be found in Phlomis aurea Decne essential oil. (E)-β-Farnesene can be used as a feeding stimulant for the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis[1][2]. (E)-β-Farnesene (trans-β-Farnesene) is a volatile sesquiterpene hydrocarbon which can be found in Phlomis aurea Decne essential oil. (E)-β-Farnesene can be used as a feeding stimulant for the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis[1][2].

METHYL BENZOATE

C8H8O2 (136.0524)

A benzoate ester obtained by condensation of benzoic acid and methanol.

Cadalin

C15H18 (198.1408)

gamma-Eudesmol

C15H26O (222.1984)

A eudesmane sesquiterpenoid in which the eudesmane skeleton carries a hydroxy substituent at C-11 and has a double bond between C-4 and C-5.

Stigmasterol

C29H48O (412.3705)

Disclaimer: While authors make an effort to ensure that the content of this record is accurate, the authors make no representations or warranties in relation to the accuracy or completeness of the record. This record do not reflect any viewpoints of the affiliation and organization to which the authors belong.

Flavone

C15H10O2 (222.0681)

Annotation level-1 Flavone is an endogenous metabolite. Flavone is an endogenous metabolite.

citrol

C10H18O (154.1358)

C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant Geraniol, an olefinic terpene, was found to inhibit growth of Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains[1]. Geraniol, an olefinic terpene, was found to inhibit growth of Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains[1].

Germacrene D

C15H24 (204.1878)

(-)-germacrene D is a germacrene D. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-germacrene D. (-)-Germacrene D is a natural product found in Teucrium montanum, Stachys obliqua, and other organisms with data available. See also: Clary Sage Oil (part of).

Lignocerol

C24H50O (354.3861)

Lignoceryl alcohol, also known as tetracosanol or tetracosyl alcohol, is a member of the class of compounds known as fatty alcohols. Fatty alcohols are aliphatic alcohols consisting of a chain of a least six carbon atoms. Thus, lignoceryl alcohol is considered to be a fatty alcohol lipid molecule. Lignoceryl alcohol is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Lignoceryl alcohol can be synthesized from tetracosane. Lignoceryl alcohol can also be synthesized into 22-methyltetracosan-1-ol. Lignoceryl alcohol can be found in common hazelnut, which makes lignoceryl alcohol a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Lignoceryl alcohol is a fatty alcohol, usually derived from the fatty acid Lignoceric acid .

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl tetracosanoate

C32H56O3 (488.4229)

2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl hexacosanoate

C34H60O3 (516.4542)

Carene

C10H16 (136.1252)

(+)-car-3-ene is a car-3-ene (3,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-ene) that has S configuration at position 1 and R configuration at position 6. It is an enantiomer of a (-)-car-3-ene. (+)-3-Carene is a natural product found in Molopospermum peloponnesiacum, Kippistia suaedifolia, and other organisms with data available.

Benzyl salicylate

C14H12O3 (228.0786)

D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D012459 - Salicylates CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 962; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4381; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4379 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 962; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4375; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4373 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 962; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4383; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4379 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 962; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4381; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4376 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 962; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4396; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4394 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 962; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4398; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4397 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 962; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9607; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9606 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 962; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9642; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9638 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 962; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9614; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9611 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 962; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9638; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9635 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 962; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9641; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9638 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 962; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9646; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9641 Benzyl salicylate?is a salicylic acid benzyl ester. It can be used as a fragrance additive or UV light absorber. Benzyl salicylate?is a salicylic acid benzyl ester. It can be used as a fragrance additive or UV light absorber.

β-Carotene

C40H56 (536.4382)

The novel carbohydrate-derived b-carboline, 1-pentahydroxypentyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-b-carboline-3-carboxylic acid, was identified in fruit- and vegetable-derived products such as juices, jams, and tomato sauces. This compound occurred as two diastereoisomers, a cis isomer (the major compound) and a trans isomer, ranging from undetectable amounts to 6.5 ug/g. Grape, tomato, pineapple, and tropical juices exhibited the highest amount of this alkaloid (up to 3.8 mg/L), whereas apple, banana, and peach juices showed very low or nondetectable levels. This tetrahydro-b-carboline was also found in jams (up to 0.45 ug/g), and a relative high amount was present in tomato concentrate (6.5 ug/g) and sauce (up to 1.8 ug/g). This b-carboline occurred in fruit-derived products as a glycoconjugate from a chemical condensation of d-glucose and l-tryptophan that is highly favored at low pH values and high temperature. Production, processing treatments, and storage of fruit juices and jams can then release this b-carboline. Fruit-derived products and other foods containing this compound might be an exogenous dietary source of this glucose-derived tetrahydro-b-carboline.(PMID: 12137498) [HMDB] Window width to select the precursor ion was 3 Da.; CONE_VOLTAGE is 20 V.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 19HP8024 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan. D - Dermatologicals > D02 - Emollients and protectives > D02B - Protectives against uv-radiation > D02BB - Protectives against uv-radiation for systemic use A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A11 - Vitamins > A11C - Vitamin a and d, incl. combinations of the two > A11CA - Vitamin a, plain D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins > D000072664 - Provitamins Window width to select the precursor ion was 3 Da.; CONE_VOLTAGE is 10 V.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 19HP8024 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan.

Phytol

C20H40O (296.3079)

Phytol is a key acyclic diterpene alcohol that is a precursor for vitamins E and K1. Phytol is an extremely common terpenoid, found in all plants esterified to Chlorophyll to confer lipid solubility[citation needed].; Phytol is a natural linear diterpene alcohol which is used in the preparation of vitamins E and K1. It is also a decomposition product of chlorophyll. It is an oily liquid that is nearly insoluble in water, but soluble in most organic solvents. -- Wikipedia C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28269 - Phytochemical Phytol ((E)?-?Phytol), a diterpene alcohol from chlorophyll widely used as a food additive and in medicinal fields, possesses promising antischistosomal properties. Phytol has antinociceptive and antioxidant activitiesas well as anti-inflammatory and antiallergic effects. Phytol has antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Staphylococcus aureus[1]. Phytol ((E)?-?Phytol), a diterpene alcohol from chlorophyll widely used as a food additive and in medicinal fields, possesses promising antischistosomal properties. Phytol has antinociceptive and antioxidant activitiesas well as anti-inflammatory and antiallergic effects. Phytol has antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Staphylococcus aureus[1].

ch3cho

C2H4O (44.0262)

The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.

VITAMIN E

C29H50O2 (430.3811)

Window width to select the precursor ion was 3 Da.; CONE_VOLTAGE was 40 V.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 19HP8024 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map, clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Window width to select the precursor ion was 3 Da.; CONE_VOLTAGE was 15 V.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 19HP8024 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan. Window width to select the precursor ion was 3 Da.; CONE_VOLTAGE was 20 V.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 19HP8024 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan. DL-alpha-Tocopherol is a synthetic vitamin E, with antioxidation effect. DL-alpha-Tocopherol protects human skin fibroblasts against the cytotoxic effect of UVB[1]. DL-alpha-Tocopherol is a synthetic vitamin E, with antioxidation effect. DL-alpha-Tocopherol protects human skin fibroblasts against the cytotoxic effect of UVB[1]. rel-α-Vitamin E (rel-D-α-Tocopherol) is a vitamin with antioxidant properties and also a mixture[1]. α-Vitamin E ((+)-α-Tocopherol), a naturally occurring vitamin E form, is a potent antioxidant[1][2]. α-Vitamin E ((+)-α-Tocopherol), a naturally occurring vitamin E form, is a potent antioxidant[1][2].

nerol

C10H18O (154.1358)

Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity[1][2]. Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity[1][2]. Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity[1][2].

3-OCTANOL

C8H18O (130.1358)

Present in Japanese peppermint oil and many other essential oils. (S)-3-Octanol is found in herbs and spices.

Benzyl Benzoate

C14H12O2 (212.0837)

P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P03 - Ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides, insecticides and repellents > P03A - Ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C276 - Antiparasitic Agent D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals Benzyl benzoate (Benzoic acid benzyl ester) is a fragrance ingredient in cosmetic products. Benzyl benzoate can be used for the research of Scabies and Demodex-associated inflammatory skin conditions[1][2][3]. Benzyl benzoate (Phenylmethyl benzoate) is an orally active anti-scabies agent, acaricide (EC50= 0.06 g/m2) and fungicide. Benzyl benzoate is an angiotensin II (Ang II) inhibitor with antihypertensive effects. Benzyl benzoate can be used in perfumes, pharmaceuticals and the food industry[1][2][3][4][5]. Benzyl benzoate (Benzoic acid benzyl ester) is a fragrance ingredient in cosmetic products. Benzyl benzoate can be used for the research of Scabies and Demodex-associated inflammatory skin conditions[1][2][3].

PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE

C19H30O5 (338.2093)

D010575 - Pesticides > D010574 - Pesticide Synergists D016573 - Agrochemicals

O-CYMENE

C10H14 (134.1095)

caryophyllene

C15H24 (204.1878)

A beta-caryophyllene in which the stereocentre adjacent to the exocyclic double bond has S configuration while the remaining stereocentre has R configuration. It is the most commonly occurring form of beta-caryophyllene, occurring in many essential oils, particularly oil of cloves. D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents β-Caryophyllene is a CB2 receptor agonist. β-Caryophyllene is a CB2 receptor agonist.

Nonanal

C9H18O (142.1358)

Nonanal is a saturated fatty aldehyde with antidiarrhoeal activity[1]. Nonanal is a saturated fatty aldehyde with antidiarrhoeal activity[1].

Methyl geranate

C11H18O2 (182.1307)

Hexalin

C6H14O (102.1045)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D000777 - Anesthetics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018680 - Cholinergic Antagonists

Hexyl acetate

C8H16O2 (144.115)

The acetate ester of hexan-1-ol.

CADALENE

C15H18 (198.1408)

beta-Bourbonene

C15H24 (204.1878)

Flavouring agent. beta-Bourbonene is found in many foods, some of which are rosemary, common oregano, sweet basil, and winter savory.

Hexanone

C6H12O (100.0888)

Cymenene

C10H12 (132.0939)

Ethylpropionate

C5H10O2 (102.0681)

2-Heptodecanone

C17H34O (254.261)

&beta

C9H18O (142.1358)

3-NONANONE

C9H18O (142.1358)

Vinyl amyl ketone

C8H14O (126.1045)

2-Decanone

C10H20O (156.1514)

2-decanone, also known as methyl n-octyl ketone or N-c8h17coch3, is a member of the class of compounds known as ketones. Ketones are organic compounds in which a carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms R2C=O (neither R may be a hydrogen atom). Ketones that have one or more alpha-hydrogen atoms undergo keto-enol tautomerization, the tautomer being an enol. Thus, 2-decanone is considered to be an oxygenated hydrocarbon lipid molecule. 2-decanone is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). 2-decanone is a fatty, floral, and orange tasting compound found in corn and herbs and spices, which makes 2-decanone a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 2-decanone can be found primarily in feces and saliva.

3-HEXANOL

C6H14O (102.1045)

PROPYL BENZOATE

C10H12O2 (164.0837)

A benzoate ester obtained by condensation of benzoic acid and propanol. It has a balsamic odor reminescent of nuts with a sweet, fruity, nut-like taste.

3-DECANONE

C10H20O (156.1514)

A ketone that is decane in which the methylene hydrogens at position 3 are replaced by an oxo group.

cis-3-Hexenyl crotonate

C10H16O2 (168.115)

Methyl anisate

C9H10O3 (166.063)

Methyl anisate is an endogenous metabolite.

Ethyl anisate

C10H12O3 (180.0786)

FEMA 3402

C10H18O2 (170.1307)

Cis-&beta

C12H22O2 (198.162)

FEMA 3688

C13H16O2 (204.115)

Hexyl hexoate

C12H24O2 (200.1776)

HEXYL BUTYRATE

C10H20O2 (172.1463)

A fatty acid ester obtained by the formal condensation of hexanol with butyric acid.

Butyric ether

C6H12O2 (116.0837)

Clorius

C8H8O2 (136.0524)

2-Tridecanone

C13H26O (198.1984)

2-Tridecanone, a nonalkaloid insecticide, is isolated from the wild tomato Lycopersicon hirsutum f. glabratum. 2-Tridecanone is a volatile organic compound[1][2]. 2-Tridecanone, a nonalkaloid insecticide, is isolated from the wild tomato Lycopersicon hirsutum f. glabratum. 2-Tridecanone is a volatile organic compound[1][2].

Lignocerane

C24H50 (338.3912)

Beta-Elemene

C15H24 (204.1878)

β-Elemene ((-)-β-Elemene; Levo-β-elemene) is isolated from natural plant Curcuma aromatica with an antitumor activity. β-Elemene can induce cell apoptosis. β-Elemene ((-)-β-Elemene; Levo-β-elemene) is isolated from natural plant Curcuma aromatica with an antitumor activity. β-Elemene can induce cell apoptosis.

Myrcenol

C10H18O (154.1358)

A monoterpenoid that is oct-7-en-2-ol substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a methylidene group at position 6 respectively.

Isoamyl isobutyrate

C9H18O2 (158.1307)

A fatty acid ester obtained by the formal condensation of isoamylol with isobutyric acid.

Calacorene

C15H20 (200.1565)

o-Cymol

C10H14 (134.1095)

UNII:HYC739X7BP

C10H20O2 (172.1463)

Ethyl hexoate

C8H16O2 (144.115)

3,4-Dehydroionene

C13H16 (172.1252)

Hexacosene

C26H52 (364.4069)

Isobutyl benzoate

C11H14O2 (178.0994)

A benzoate ester obtained by the formal condensation of benzoic acid with isobutanol.

WE 12:0

C12H24O2 (200.1776)

WE 10:2

C10H16O2 (168.115)

SFE 8:0

C8H16O2 (144.115)

SFE 10:0

C10H20O2 (172.1463)

A fatty acid ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of octanoic acid with ethanol. Octyl acetate is one of major components of essential oils in the vittae, or oil tubes, of the wild parsnip (Pastinaca sativa). Octyl acetate has antioxidant activity[1]. Octyl acetate is one of major components of essential oils in the vittae, or oil tubes, of the wild parsnip (Pastinaca sativa). Octyl acetate has antioxidant activity[1].

SFE 5:0

C5H10O2 (102.0681)

SFE 6:0

C6H12O2 (116.0837)

1-Hexacosene

C26H52 (364.4069)

TETRACOSANE

C24H50 (338.3912)

A straight-chain alkane containing 24 carbon atoms.

TRICOSANE

C23H48 (324.3756)

A straight chain alkane containing 23 carbon atoms.

1-OCTEN-3-ONE

C8H14O (126.1045)

Hexan-2-one

C6H12O (100.0888)

3-Octanone

C8H16O (128.1201)

A dialkyl ketone that is octane in which the two methylene protons at position 3 have been replaced by an oxo group.

Neral

C10H16O (152.1201)

An enal that is 3,7-dimethyloctanal with unsaturation at positions C-2 and C-6. It has been isolated form the essential oils of plant species like lemon.

beta-selinene

C15H24 (204.1878)

An optically active form of beta-selinene having (+)-(4aR,7R,8aS)-configuration.

(+)-DELTA-CADINENE

C15H24 (204.1878)

A member of the cadinene family of sesquiterpenes in which the double bonds are located at the 4-4a and 7-8 positions, and in which the isopropyl group at position 1 is cis to the hydrogen at the adjacent bridgehead carbon (the 1S,8aR-enantiomer).

beta-Cadinene

C15H24 (204.1878)

alpha-Cubebene

C15H24 (204.1878)

A tricyclic sesquiterpene with formula C15H24, isolated from Hungarian thyme, citrus fruit, chamomile, and several other flowering plants. Constituent of oil of cubeb pepper (Piper cubeba). alpha-Cubebene is found in many foods, some of which are parsley, ginger, nutmeg, and lemon balm.

beta-Cubebene

C15H24 (204.1878)

A tricyclic sesquiterpene, a constituent of the leaf oil cubebene obtained from a variety of species of flowering plant.

(+)-Calamenene

C15H22 (202.1721)

DIETHYL ETHER

C4H10O (74.0732)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D000777 - Anesthetics N - Nervous system > N01 - Anesthetics > N01A - Anesthetics, general > N01AA - Ethers D012997 - Solvents

(+)-3-Carene

C10H16 (136.1252)

Widespread plant product, found especies in turpentine oils (from Pinus subspecies) and oil of galbanum. (+)-alpha-Carene is found in sweet marjoram and herbs and spices.

Humulene

C15H24 (204.1878)

α-Humulene is a main constituent of Tanacetum vulgare L. (Asteraceae) essential oil with anti-inflammation (IC50=15±2 μg/mL). α-Humulene inhibits COX-2 and iNOS expression[1]. α-Humulene is a main constituent of Tanacetum vulgare L. (Asteraceae) essential oil with anti-inflammation (IC50=15±2 μg/mL). α-Humulene inhibits COX-2 and iNOS expression[1].

17066-67-0

C15H24 (204.1878)

Myrcene

C10H16 (136.1252)

Myrcene (β-Myrcene), an aromatic volatile compound, suppresses TNFα-induced NF-κB activity. Myrcene has anti-invasive effect[1][2]. Myrcene (β-Myrcene), an aromatic volatile compound, suppresses TNFα-induced NF-κB activity. Myrcene has anti-invasive effect[1][2].

Moslene

C10H16 (136.1252)

γ-Terpinene, a monoterpene, is an orally active antioxidant compound which can scavenge radicals directly. γ-Terpinene has potent antinociception activity[1]. γ-Terpinene, a monoterpene, is an orally active antioxidant compound which can scavenge radicals directly. γ-Terpinene has potent antinociception activity[1].

CHEBI:7

C10H16 (136.1252)

Stigmasterin

C29H48O (412.3705)

C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28178 - Phytosterol > C68437 - Unsaturated Phytosterol

Farnesene

C15H24 (204.1878)

Isol. (without stereochemical distinction) from oil of Cymbopogon nardus (citronella), Cananga odorata (ylang ylang) and others (E)-β-Farnesene (trans-β-Farnesene) is a volatile sesquiterpene hydrocarbon which can be found in Phlomis aurea Decne essential oil. (E)-β-Farnesene can be used as a feeding stimulant for the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis[1][2]. (E)-β-Farnesene (trans-β-Farnesene) is a volatile sesquiterpene hydrocarbon which can be found in Phlomis aurea Decne essential oil. (E)-β-Farnesene can be used as a feeding stimulant for the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis[1][2].

CHEBI:15385

C15H24 (204.1878)

Hexanol

C6H14O (102.1045)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D000777 - Anesthetics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018680 - Cholinergic Antagonists

Elaol

C16H22O4 (278.1518)

P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P03 - Ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides, insecticides and repellents > P03B - Insecticides and repellents D010968 - Plasticizers

Acetidin

C4H8O2 (88.0524)

Spirt

C2H6O (46.0419)

V - Various > V03 - All other therapeutic products > V03A - All other therapeutic products > V03AZ - Nerve depressants V - Various > V03 - All other therapeutic products > V03A - All other therapeutic products > V03AB - Antidotes D - Dermatologicals > D08 - Antiseptics and disinfectants > D08A - Antiseptics and disinfectants D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents D012997 - Solvents

AI3-35917

C23H48 (324.3756)

(±)-β-Elemene

C15H24 (204.1878)

β-Elemene ((-)-β-Elemene; Levo-β-elemene) is isolated from natural plant Curcuma aromatica with an antitumor activity. β-Elemene can induce cell apoptosis. β-Elemene ((-)-β-Elemene; Levo-β-elemene) is isolated from natural plant Curcuma aromatica with an antitumor activity. β-Elemene can induce cell apoptosis.

Terpilene

C10H16 (136.1252)

α-Terpinene (Terpilene) is a monoterpene found in the essential oils of a large variety of foods and aromatic plants such as Mentha piperita. α-Terpinene is active against Trypanosoma evansi and has the potential for trypanosomosis treatment. α-Terpinene has antioxidant and antifungal properties[1][2][3][4]. α-Terpinene (Terpilene) is a monoterpene found in the essential oils of a large variety of foods and aromatic plants such as Mentha piperita. α-Terpinene is active against Trypanosoma evansi and has the potential for trypanosomosis treatment. α-Terpinene has antioxidant and antifungal properties[1][2][3][4].

WLN: 7V1

C9H18O (142.1358)

Rue ketone

C11H22O (170.1671)

2-Undecanone is a volatile organic compound, which inhibits the DnaKJE-ClpB bichaperone dependent refolding of heat-inactivated bacterial luciferases. 2-Undecanone inhibits lung tumorigenesis[1][2]. 2-Undecanone is a volatile organic compound, which inhibits the DnaKJE-ClpB bichaperone dependent refolding of heat-inactivated bacterial luciferases. 2-Undecanone inhibits lung tumorigenesis[1][2].

118-65-0

C15H24 (204.1878)

D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents β-Caryophyllene is a CB2 receptor agonist. β-Caryophyllene is a CB2 receptor agonist.

Hypnon

C8H8O (120.0575)

D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents > D017319 - Photosensitizing Agents D003879 - Dermatologic Agents Acetophenone is an organic compound with simple structure[1]. Acetophenone is an organic compound with simple structure[1].

AI3-52698

C24H50 (338.3912)

Devoton

C3H6O2 (74.0368)

AI3-36283

C27H56 (380.4382)

AI3-34793

C6H12O (100.0888)

cis-3-Hexen-1-ol ((Z)-3-Hexen-1-ol) is a green grassy smelling compound found in many fresh fruits and vegetables. cis-3-Hexen-1-ol is widely used as an added flavor in processed food to provide a fresh green quality. cis-3-Hexen-1-ol is an attractant to various insects[1][2]. cis-3-Hexen-1-ol ((Z)-3-Hexen-1-ol) is a green grassy smelling compound found in many fresh fruits and vegetables. cis-3-Hexen-1-ol is widely used as an added flavor in processed food to provide a fresh green quality. cis-3-Hexen-1-ol is an attractant to various insects[1][2].

AI3-01267

C11H14O2 (178.0994)

Ephanyl

C29H50O2 (430.3811)

COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map, clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS rel-α-Vitamin E (rel-D-α-Tocopherol) is a vitamin with antioxidant properties and also a mixture[1]. α-Vitamin E ((+)-α-Tocopherol), a naturally occurring vitamin E form, is a potent antioxidant[1][2]. α-Vitamin E ((+)-α-Tocopherol), a naturally occurring vitamin E form, is a potent antioxidant[1][2].

E160A

C40H56 (536.4382)

D - Dermatologicals > D02 - Emollients and protectives > D02B - Protectives against uv-radiation > D02BB - Protectives against uv-radiation for systemic use A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A11 - Vitamins > A11C - Vitamin a and d, incl. combinations of the two > A11CA - Vitamin a, plain D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins > D000072664 - Provitamins

Scabide

C14H12O2 (212.0837)

P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P03 - Ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides, insecticides and repellents > P03A - Ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C276 - Antiparasitic Agent D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals Benzyl benzoate (Benzoic acid benzyl ester) is a fragrance ingredient in cosmetic products. Benzyl benzoate can be used for the research of Scabies and Demodex-associated inflammatory skin conditions[1][2][3]. Benzyl benzoate (Phenylmethyl benzoate) is an orally active anti-scabies agent, acaricide (EC50= 0.06 g/m2) and fungicide. Benzyl benzoate is an angiotensin II (Ang II) inhibitor with antihypertensive effects. Benzyl benzoate can be used in perfumes, pharmaceuticals and the food industry[1][2][3][4][5]. Benzyl benzoate (Benzoic acid benzyl ester) is a fragrance ingredient in cosmetic products. Benzyl benzoate can be used for the research of Scabies and Demodex-associated inflammatory skin conditions[1][2][3].

Amylol

C5H12O (88.0888)