Ascaridole (BioDeep_00000007627)
Secondary id: BioDeep_00001868582
human metabolite PANOMIX_OTCML-2023 Endogenous natural product
代谢物信息卡片
化学式: C10H16O2 (168.115)
中文名称: 阿斯利多
谱图信息:
最多检出来源 Chinese Herbal Medicine(otcml) 73.58%
分子结构信息
SMILES: CC(C)C12C=CC(C)(CC1)OO2
InChI: InChI=1S/C10H16O2/c1-8(2)10-6-4-9(3,5-7-10)11-12-10/h4,6,8H,5,7H2,1-3H3
描述信息
Ascaridole is found in cardamom. Said to be the major constituent of oil of Peumus boldus (boldo).Ascaridole is a natural organic compound classified as a bicyclic monoterpene that has an unusual bridging peroxide functional group. It is the primary constituent of the oil of Mexican Tea (Dysphania ambrosioides, formerly Chenopodium ambrosioides). It is a colorless liquid that is soluble in most organic solvents. Like other low molecular weight organic peroxides, it is unstable and prone to explosion when heated or treated with organic acids
Said to be the major constituent of oil of Peumus boldus (boldo)
D009676 - Noxae > D016877 - Oxidants > D010545 - Peroxides
同义名列表
28 个代谢物同义名
1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-2,3-dioxabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-ene, 9ci; 1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-2,3-dioxabicyclo(2.2.2)oct-5-ene; 1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-2,3-dioxabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-ene; 4-Methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-2,3-dioxabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-ene; 1-methyl-4-(propan-2-yl)-2,3-dioxabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-ene; 1-Isopropyl-4-methyl-2,3-dioxabicyclo(2.2.2)oct-5-ene; 1-Isopropyl-4-methyl-2,3-dioxabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-ene; 1-Isopropyl-4-methyl-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene; Ascaridole (organic peroxide); 1, 4-Epidioxy-P-menth-2-ene; 1,4-Epidioxy-p-menth-2-ene; 1,4-Epidioxy-2-P-menthene; 1,4-Peroxido-p-menthene-2; 1, 4-Peroxy-P-menth-2-ene; 1,4-Peroxy-p-menth-2-ene; Ascaridole epoxide; cis-Ascaridole; ASCARIDOLE; Uncinacina; Ascaridiol; Ascaridol; Askaridol; Ascapurin; Ascaricum; Ascarisin; Kebal II; Ascaridole; Ascaridole
数据库引用编号
17 个数据库交叉引用编号
- ChEBI: CHEBI:2866
- KEGG: C09836
- PubChem: 10545
- HMDB: HMDB0035766
- Metlin: METLIN67960
- ChEMBL: CHEMBL467614
- Wikipedia: Ascaridole
- KNApSAcK: C00003027
- foodb: FDB014503
- chemspider: 10105
- CAS: 512-85-6
- PMhub: MS000021063
- PubChem: 12024
- 3DMET: B05385
- NIKKAJI: J6.277D
- LOTUS: LTS0041598
- KNApSAcK: 2866
分类词条
相关代谢途径
Reactome(0)
BioCyc(0)
PlantCyc(0)
代谢反应
0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。
Reactome(0)
BioCyc(0)
WikiPathways(0)
Plant Reactome(0)
INOH(0)
PlantCyc(0)
COVID-19 Disease Map(0)
PathBank(0)
PharmGKB(0)
101 个相关的物种来源信息
- 13328 - Achillea: LTS0041598
- 282720 - Achillea aspleniifolia: 10.1080/10412905.1992.9698109
- 282722 - Achillea biebersteinii: 10.1080/10412905.2001.9712231
- 282722 - Achillea biebersteinii: LTS0041598
- 282736 - Achillea filipendulina: 10.1002/ARDP.19943270502
- 282736 - Achillea filipendulina: LTS0041598
- 13329 - Achillea millefolium: 10.1080/10412905.1992.9698109
- 13329 - Achillea millefolium: LTS0041598
- 482479 - Achillea millefolium var. borealis: 10.1080/10412905.1992.9698109
- 482479 - Achillea millefolium var. borealis: LTS0041598
- 282770 - Achillea virescens: 10.1080/10412905.1992.9698109
- 3563 - Amaranthaceae: LTS0041598
- 4037 - Apiaceae: LTS0041598
- 4219 - Artemisia: LTS0041598
- 72339 - Artemisia chamaemelifolia: 10.1016/0031-9422(86)80022-X
- 401898 - Artemisia gmelinii: 10.1016/0031-9422(86)80022-X
- 401898 - Artemisia gmelinii: LTS0041598
- 72347 - Artemisia molinieri: 10.1080/10412905.1992.9698147
- 72347 - Artemisia molinieri: LTS0041598
- 205376 - Artemisia santolinifolia: 10.1016/0031-9422(86)80022-X
- 205376 - Artemisia santolinifolia: LTS0041598
- 4210 - Asteraceae: LTS0041598
- 109083 - Athamanta: LTS0041598
- 109086 - Athamanta macedonica: 10.1080/10412905.1995.9698532
- 109086 - Athamanta macedonica: LTS0041598
- 1804623 - Chenopodiaceae: LTS0041598
- 3558 - Chenopodium: LTS0041598
- 100370 - Croton: LTS0041598
- 1619393 - Croton acronychioides: 10.1021/NP50017A019
- 1619393 - Croton acronychioides: LTS0041598
- 912350 - Croton argyrophyllus: 10.1021/NP50017A019
- 912350 - Croton argyrophyllus: LTS0041598
- 323040 - Croton conduplicatus: 10.1021/NP50017A019
- 323040 - Croton conduplicatus: LTS0041598
- 323052 - Croton glandulosus: 10.1021/NP50017A019
- 323052 - Croton glandulosus: LTS0041598
- 2815075 - Croton grewioides: 10.1021/NP50017A019
- 765399 - Croton jacobinensis: 10.1021/NP50017A019
- 765399 - Croton jacobinensis: LTS0041598
- 323069 - Croton micans: 10.1021/NP50017A019
- 323069 - Croton micans: LTS0041598
- 2815083 - Croton mucronifolius:
- 2815083 - Croton mucronifolius: LTS0041598
- 2815084 - Croton nepetifolius: 10.1021/NP50017A019
- 2815084 - Croton nepetifolius: LTS0041598
- 2743244 - Croton sonderianus: 10.1021/NP50017A019
- 2743244 - Croton sonderianus: LTS0041598
- 2815093 - Croton tetradenius: 10.1002/CBDV.200800253
- 425931 - Croton tricolor: 10.1021/NP50017A019
- 425931 - Croton tricolor: LTS0041598
- 240058 - Dysphania: LTS0041598
- 330163 - Dysphania ambrosioides:
- 330163 - Dysphania ambrosioides: 10.1016/0305-1978(93)90068-3
- 330163 - Dysphania ambrosioides: 10.1021/NP010445G
- 330163 - Dysphania ambrosioides: 10.1248/CPB.41.1309
- 330163 - Dysphania ambrosioides: 10.1300/J044V07N02_02
- 330163 - Dysphania ambrosioides: LTS0041598
- 2570620 - Dysphania chilensis: 10.1016/S0378-8741(97)00049-4
- 2570620 - Dysphania chilensis: LTS0041598
- 4345 - Ericaceae: LTS0041598
- 2759 - Eukaryota: LTS0041598
- 3977 - Euphorbiaceae: LTS0041598
- 4231 - Helianthus: LTS0041598
- 4232 - Helianthus annuus: 10.1021/JF00123A021
- 4232 - Helianthus annuus: LTS0041598
- 9606 - Homo sapiens: -
- 186771 - Jungermanniopsida: LTS0041598
- 4136 - Lamiaceae: LTS0041598
- 3398 - Magnoliopsida: LTS0041598
- 396495 - Mallotus rhamnifolius: 10.1021/NP50017A019
- 3195 - Marchantiophyta: LTS0041598
- 22063 - Monimiaceae: LTS0041598
- 63802 - Peumus: LTS0041598
- 63812 - Peumus boldus: 10.1002/JHRC.1240200910
- 63812 - Peumus boldus: LTS0041598
- 53018 - Plagiochila: LTS0041598
- 173485 - Plagiochila rutilans: LTS0041598
- 283744 - Plagiochila rutilans var. standleyi: 10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00056-5
- 283744 - Plagiochila rutilans var. standleyi: LTS0041598
- 53016 - Plagiochilaceae: LTS0041598
- 4346 - Rhododendron: LTS0041598
- 75587 - Rhododendron diversipilosum: 10.3987/S-1978-01-0029
- 75587 - Rhododendron diversipilosum: LTS0041598
- 49605 - Rhododendron groenlandicum: 10.3987/S-1978-01-0029
- 49605 - Rhododendron groenlandicum: LTS0041598
- 49170 - Rhododendron tomentosum: 10.3987/S-1978-01-0029
- 49170 - Rhododendron tomentosum: LTS0041598
- 215798 - Rhododendron tomentosum subsp. tomentosum: 10.3987/S-1978-01-0029
- 215798 - Rhododendron tomentosum subsp. tomentosum: LTS0041598
- 23513 - Rutaceae: LTS0041598
- 18794 - Senecio: LTS0041598
- 35493 - Streptophyta: LTS0041598
- 58023 - Tracheophyta: LTS0041598
- 21910 - Verbenaceae: LTS0041598
- 33090 - Viridiplantae: LTS0041598
- 54476 - Vitex: LTS0041598
- 54477 - Vitex agnus-castus: 10.1080/10412905.1990.9697840
- 54477 - Vitex agnus-castus: LTS0041598
- 67937 - Zanthoxylum: LTS0041598
- 354530 - Zanthoxylum schinifolium: 10.1002/JSSC.201300205
- 354530 - Zanthoxylum schinifolium: LTS0041598
在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有:
- PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息,我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表,这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序,取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
- NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘,得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序,取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
- Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
- Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中,存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。
点击图上的相关代谢物的名称,可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。
文献列表
- Deblina Sarkar, Sritama De Sarkar, Lars Gille, Mitali Chatterjee. Ascaridole exerts the leishmanicidal activity by inhibiting parasite glycolysis.
Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology.
2022 Aug; 103(?):154221. doi:
10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154221
. [PMID: 35696799] - Godfried Dougnon, Michiho Ito. Role of Ascaridole and p-Cymene in the Sleep-Promoting Effects of Dysphania ambrosioides Essential Oil via the GABAergic System in a ddY Mouse Inhalation Model.
Journal of natural products.
2021 01; 84(1):91-100. doi:
10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c01137
. [PMID: 33325703] - Wanderson Fernando Mello de Souza, Xavier Maia Mariano, Júlia Lima Isnard, Gisele Santos de Souza, Ana Luísa de Souza Gomes, Rutheneia José Tavares de Carvalho, Cristiane Barbosa Rocha, César Luis Siqueira Junior, Ricardo Felipe Alves Moreira. Evaluation of the volatile composition, toxicological and antioxidant potentials of the essential oils and teas of commercial Chilean boldo samples.
Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.).
2019 10; 124(?):27-33. doi:
10.1016/j.foodres.2018.12.059
. [PMID: 31466647] - Roman Pavela, Giovanni Benelli, Riccardo Petrelli, Loredana Cappellacci, Giulio Lupidi, Stefania Sut, Stefano Dall'Acqua, Filippo Maggi. Exploring the Insecticidal Potential of Boldo (Peumus boldus) Essential Oil: Toxicity to Pests and Vectors and Non-target Impact on the Microcrustacean Daphnia magna.
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland).
2019 Mar; 24(5):. doi:
10.3390/molecules24050879
. [PMID: 30832296] - Roman Pavela, Filippo Maggi, Giulio Lupidi, Hélène Mbuntcha, Verlaine Woguem, Hilaire Macaire Womeni, Luciano Barboni, Léon Azefack Tapondjou, Giovanni Benelli. Clausena anisata and Dysphania ambrosioides essential oils: from ethno-medicine to modern uses as effective insecticides.
Environmental science and pollution research international.
2018 Apr; 25(11):10493-10503. doi:
10.1007/s11356-017-0267-9
. [PMID: 28965298] - Débora Silva Borges de Castro, Denise Brentan da Silva, Jacqueline Domingues Tibúrcio, Marcos Eduardo Guerra Sobral, Vany Ferraz, Alex Gutterres Taranto, José Eduardo Serrão, João Máximo de Siqueira, Stênio Nunes Alves. Larvicidal activity of essential oil of Peumus boldus Molina and its ascaridole-enriched fraction against Culex quinquefasciatus.
Experimental parasitology.
2016 Dec; 171(?):84-90. doi:
10.1016/j.exppara.2016.10.008
. [PMID: 27815127] - Qiang Zhao, Baoan Gao, Lulu Ma, Jianhao Lian, Li Deng, Jianming Chen. Innovative intragastric ascaridole floating tablets: Development, optimization, and in vitro-in vivo evaluation.
International journal of pharmaceutics.
2015 Dec; 496(2):432-9. doi:
10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.10.007
. [PMID: 26453784] - Xiaoqian Hu, Yang Chu, Gang Ma, Wei Li, Xiangyang Wang, Hongmei Mo, Qihui Yin, Jiahua Guo, Xiaohui Ma, Shuiping Zhou. Simultaneous determination of ascaridole, p-cymene and α-terpinene in rat plasma after oral administration of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. by GC-MS.
Biomedical chromatography : BMC.
2015 Nov; 29(11):1682-6. doi:
10.1002/bmc.3479
. [PMID: 25900777] - Jacinta Pastor, Marley García, Silvia Steinbauer, William N Setzer, Ramón Scull, Lars Gille, Lianet Monzote. Combinations of ascaridole, carvacrol, and caryophyllene oxide against Leishmania.
Acta tropica.
2015 May; 145(?):31-8. doi:
10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.02.002
. [PMID: 25697866] - Sameh Baananou, Edita Bagdonaite, Bruno Marongiu, Alessandra Piras, Silvia Porcedda, Danilo Falconieri, Naceur A Boughattas. Supercritical CO₂ extract and essential oil of aerial part of Ledum palustre L.--Chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity.
Natural product research.
2015; 29(11):999-1005. doi:
10.1080/14786419.2014.965167
. [PMID: 25427723] - Fathalla M Harraz, Hala M Hammoda, Maged G El Ghazouly, Mohamed A Farag, Ahmed F El-Aswad, Samar M Bassam. Chemical composition, antimicrobial and insecticidal activities of the essential oils of Conyza linifolia and Chenopodium ambrosioides.
Natural product research.
2015; 29(9):879-82. doi:
10.1080/14786419.2014.988714
. [PMID: 25495783] - Gustavo P Calado, Alberto Jorge O Lopes, Livio M Costa Junior, Francisco das Chagas A Lima, Lucilene A Silva, Wanderson S Pereira, Flávia M M do Amaral, João Batista S Garcia, Maria do Socorro de S Cartágenes, Flávia R F Nascimento. Chenopodium ambrosioides L. Reduces Synovial Inflammation and Pain in Experimental Osteoarthritis.
PloS one.
2015; 10(11):e0141886. doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0141886
. [PMID: 26524084] - L Monzote, J Pastor, R Scull, L Gille. Antileishmanial activity of essential oil from Chenopodium ambrosioides and its main components against experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice.
Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology.
2014 Jul; 21(8-9):1048-52. doi:
10.1016/j.phymed.2014.03.002
. [PMID: 24768411] - Rashda Abbasi, Thomas Efferth, Christine Kuhmann, Till Opatz, Xiaojiang Hao, Odilia Popanda, Peter Schmezer. The endoperoxide ascaridol shows strong differential cytotoxicity in nucleotide excision repair-deficient cells.
Toxicology and applied pharmacology.
2012 Mar; 259(3):302-10. doi:
10.1016/j.taap.2012.01.006
. [PMID: 22280988] - Edilson Alves Dos Santos, Cenira M de Carvalho, Ana L S Costa, Adilva S Conceição, Flávia de B Prado Moura, Antônio Euzébio Goulart Santana. Bioactivity Evaluation of Plant Extracts Used in Indigenous Medicine against the Snail, Biomphalaria glabrata, and the Larvae of Aedes aegypti.
Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM.
2012; 2012(?):846583. doi:
10.1155/2012/846583
. [PMID: 22194773] - Lianet Monzote, Marcelina R Nance, Marley García, Ramón Scull, William N Setzer. Comparative chemical, cytotoxicity and antileishmanial properties of essential oils from Chenopodium ambrosioides.
Natural product communications.
2011 Feb; 6(2):281-6. doi:
. [PMID: 21425695]
- Danilo Sciarrone, Carla Ragonese, Caterina Carnovale, Anna Piperno, Paola Dugo, Giovanni Dugo, Luigi Mondello. Evaluation of tea tree oil quality and ascaridole: a deep study by means of chiral and multi heart-cuts multidimensional gas chromatography system coupled to mass spectrometry detection.
Journal of chromatography. A.
2010 Oct; 1217(41):6422-7. doi:
10.1016/j.chroma.2010.08.019
. [PMID: 20832072] - Niko S Radulović, Polina D Blagojević, Danielle Skropeta, Aleksandra R Zarubica, Bojan K Zlatković, Radosav M Palić. Misidentification of tansy, Tanacetum macrophyllum, as yarrow, Achillea grandifolia: a health risk or benefit?.
Natural product communications.
2010 Jan; 5(1):121-7. doi:
. [PMID: 20184036]
- Anita S Bassey, Jude E Okokon, Emmanuel I Etim, Francis U Umoh, Emmanuel Bassey. Evaluation of the in vivo antimalarial activity of ethanolic leaf and stembark extracts of Anthocleista djalonensis.
Indian journal of pharmacology.
2009 Dec; 41(6):258-61. doi:
10.4103/0253-7613.59924
. [PMID: 20407556] - Lianet Monzote, Werner Stamberg, Katrin Staniek, Lars Gille. Toxic effects of carvacrol, caryophyllene oxide, and ascaridole from essential oil of Chenopodium ambrosioides on mitochondria.
Toxicology and applied pharmacology.
2009 Nov; 240(3):337-47. doi:
10.1016/j.taap.2009.08.001
. [PMID: 19666043] - Daniel P Bezerra, José D B Marinho Filho, Ana Paula N N Alves, Cláudia Pessoa, Manoel O de Moraes, Otília Deusdênia L Pessoa, Maria Conceição M Torres, Edilberto R Silveira, Francisco A Viana, Letícia V Costa-Lotufo. Antitumor activity of the essential oil from the leaves of Croton regelianus and its component ascaridole.
Chemistry & biodiversity.
2009 Aug; 6(8):1224-31. doi:
10.1002/cbdv.200800253
. [PMID: 19697341] - Moses S Owolabi, Labunmi Lajide, Matthew O Oladimeji, William N Setzer, Maria C Palazzo, Rasaq A Olowu, Akintayo Ogundajo. Volatile constituents and antibacterial screening of the essential oil of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. growing in Nigeria.
Natural product communications.
2009 Jul; 4(7):989-92. doi:
. [PMID: 19731609]
- Valery Dembitsky, Ilya Shkrob, Lumir Ondrej Hanus. Ascaridole and related peroxides from the genus Chenopodium.
Biomedical papers of the Medical Faculty of the University Palacky, Olomouc, Czechoslovakia.
2008 Dec; 152(2):209-15. doi:
10.5507/bp.2008.032
. [PMID: 19219209] - Maria Conceição M Torres, João Carlos Assunção, Gilvandete Maria P Santiago, Manoel Andrade-Neto, Edilberto R Silveira, Leticia V Costa-Lotufo, Daniel P Bezerra, José Delano B Marinho Filho, Francisco Arnaldo Viana, Otília Deusdênia L Pessoa. Larvicidal and nematicidal activities of the leaf essential oil of Croton regelianus.
Chemistry & biodiversity.
2008 Dec; 5(12):2724-8. doi:
10.1002/cbdv.200890227
. [PMID: 19089831] - Yang Chu, Wei Li, Jianping Han, Hongmei Mo, Xinxin Li, Shuiping Zhou, Yonghong Zhu, Changxiao Liu. Determination and pharmacokinetics of ascaridole in rat plasma by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.
2008 Nov; 48(3):997-1000. doi:
10.1016/j.jpba.2008.06.017
. [PMID: 18684580] - Jean-François Cavalli, Félix Tomi, Antoine-François Bernardini, Joseph Casanova. Combined analysis of the essential oil of Chenopodium ambrosioides by GC, GC-MS and 13C-NMR spectroscopy: quantitative determination of ascaridole, a heat-sensitive compound.
Phytochemical analysis : PCA.
2004 Sep; 15(5):275-9. doi:
10.1002/pca.761
. [PMID: 15508830] - D MacDonald, K VanCrey, P Harrison, P K Rangachari, J Rosenfeld, C Warren, G Sorger. Ascaridole-less infusions of Chenopodium ambrosioides contain a nematocide(s) that is(are) not toxic to mammalian smooth muscle.
Journal of ethnopharmacology.
2004 Jun; 92(2-3):215-21. doi:
10.1016/j.jep.2004.02.018
. [PMID: 15138003] - Véronique Masotti, Fabien Juteau, Jean Marie Bessière, Josette Viano. Seasonal and phenological variations of the essential oil from the narrow endemic species Artemisia molinieri and its biological activities.
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.
2003 Nov; 51(24):7115-21. doi:
10.1021/jf034621y
. [PMID: 14611181] - Fumiyuki Kiuchi, Yoshiaki Itano, Nahoko Uchiyama, Gisho Honda, Akiko Tsubouchi, Junko Nakajima-Shimada, Takashi Aoki. Monoterpene hydroperoxides with trypanocidal activity from Chenopodium ambrosioides.
Journal of natural products.
2002 Apr; 65(4):509-12. doi:
10.1021/np010445g
. [PMID: 11975490] - E Okuyama, K Umeyama, Y Saito, M Yamazaki, M Satake. Ascaridole as a pharmacologically active principle of 'Paico,' a medicinal Peruvian plant.
Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin.
1993 Jul; 41(7):1309-11. doi:
10.1248/cpb.41.1309
. [PMID: 8374999] - W Peters, B L Robinson, J C Rossier, C W Jefford. The chemotherapy of rodent malaria. XLVIII. The activities of some synthetic 1,2,4-trioxanes against chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant parasites. Part 1: Studies leading to the development of novel cis-fused cyclopenteno derivatives.
Annals of tropical medicine and parasitology.
1993 Feb; 87(1):1-7. doi:
10.1080/00034983.1993.11812733
. [PMID: 8346987] - Y Pollack, R Segal, J Golenser. The effect of ascaridole on the in vitro development of Plasmodium falciparum.
Parasitology research.
1990; 76(7):570-2. doi:
10.1007/bf00932563
. [PMID: 2217117] - M M Kliks. Studies on the traditional herbal anthelmintic Chenopodium ambrosioides L.: ethnopharmacological evaluation and clinical field trials.
Social science & medicine (1982).
1985; 21(8):879-86. doi:
10.1016/0277-9536(85)90144-3
. [PMID: 3906906]