NCBI Taxonomy: 123476
Semialarium (ncbi_taxid: 123476)
found 17 associated metabolites at genus taxonomy rank level.
Ancestor: Hippocrateoideae
Child Taxonomies: Semialarium mexicanum, Semialarium paniculatum
Galactitol
Galactitol or dulcitol is a sugar alcohol that is a metabolic breakdown product of galactose. Galactose is derived from lactose in food (such as dairy products). When lactose is broken down by the enzyme lactase it produces glucose and galactose. Galactitol has a slightly sweet taste. It is produced from galactose in a reaction catalyzed by aldose reductase. When present in sufficiently high levels, galactitol can act as a metabotoxin, a neurotoxin, and a hepatotoxin. A neurotoxin is a compound that disrupts or attacks neural cells and neural tissue. A hepatotoxin as a compound that disrupts or attacks liver tissue or liver cells. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of galactitol are associated with at least two inborn errors of metabolism, including galactosemia and galactosemia type II. Galactosemia is a rare genetic metabolic disorder that affects an individuals ability to metabolize the sugar galactose properly. Excess lactose consumption in individuals with galactose intolerance or galactosemia activates aldose reductase to produce galactitol, thus depleting NADPH and leading to lowered glutathione reductase activity. As a result, hydrogen peroxide or other free radicals accumulate causing serious oxidative damage to various cells and tissues. In individuals with galactosemia, the enzymes needed for the further metabolism of galactose (galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase) are severely diminished or missing entirely, leading to toxic levels of galactose 1-phosphate, galactitol, and galactonate. High levels of galactitol in infants are specifically associated with hepatomegaly (an enlarged liver), cirrhosis, renal failure, cataracts, vomiting, seizure, hypoglycemia, lethargy, brain damage, and ovarian failure. Galactitol is an optically inactive hexitol having meso-configuration. It has a role as a metabolite, a human metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. Galactitol is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Galactitol is a natural product found in Elaeodendron croceum, Salacia chinensis, and other organisms with data available. Galactitol is a naturally occurring product of plants obtained following reduction of galactose. It appears as a white crystalline powder with a slight sweet taste. It may form in excess in the lens of the eye in galactosemias a deficiency of galactokinase. A naturally occurring product of plants obtained following reduction of GALACTOSE. It appears as a white crystalline powder with a slight sweet taste. It may form in excess in the lens of the eye in GALACTOSEMIAS, a deficiency of GALACTOKINASE. A naturally occurring product of plants obtained following reduction of galactose. It appears as a white crystalline powder with a slight sweet taste.; Dulcitol (or galactitol) is a sugar alcohol, the reduction product of galactose. Galactitol in the urine is a biomarker for the consumption of milk. Galactitol is found in many foods, some of which are elliotts blueberry, italian sweet red pepper, catjang pea, and green bean. An optically inactive hexitol having meso-configuration. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Dulcite is a sugar alcohol with a slightly sweet taste which is a metabolic breakdown product of galactose. Dulcite is a sugar alcohol with a slightly sweet taste which is a metabolic breakdown product of galactose.
alpha-Amyrin
Epi-alpha-amyrin, also known as epi-α-amyrin, is a member of the class of compounds known as triterpenoids. Triterpenoids are terpene molecules containing six isoprene units. Epi-alpha-amyrin is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Epi-alpha-amyrin can be found in herbs and spices, pomes, and rosemary, which makes epi-alpha-amyrin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
Mayteine
A natural product found in Maytenus mekongensis.
Galactitol
COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Dulcite is a sugar alcohol with a slightly sweet taste which is a metabolic breakdown product of galactose. Dulcite is a sugar alcohol with a slightly sweet taste which is a metabolic breakdown product of galactose.
Epi-a-amyrin
methyl (2s,4as,6s,6as,12bs,14as,14br)-6,10-dihydroxy-2,4a,6a,9,12b,14a-hexamethyl-3,11-dioxo-4,5,6,13,14,14b-hexahydro-1h-picene-2-carboxylate
(3s,4as,6as,6br,8ar,10r,12as,12br,13r,14br)-13-methoxy-2,2,4a,6a,6b,9,9,12a-octamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,7,8,8a,10,11,12,12b,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-3,10-diol
22,24-bis(acetyloxy)-25-hydroxy-3,13,14,25-tetramethyl-19,21-bis[(2-methylpropanoyl)oxy]-20-{[(2-methylpropanoyl)oxy]methyl}-6,15-dioxo-2,5,16-trioxa-9-azapentacyclo[15.7.1.0¹,²⁰.0³,²³.0⁷,¹²]pentacosa-7,9,11-trien-18-yl 1-methyl-6-oxopyridine-3-carboxylate
C49H62N2O19 (982.3946582000001)
21,22,24-tris(acetyloxy)-19-(benzoyloxy)-25-hydroxy-3,13,14,25-tetramethyl-20-{[(2-methylbutanoyl)oxy]methyl}-6,15-dioxo-2,5,16-trioxa-11-azapentacyclo[15.7.1.0¹,²⁰.0³,²³.0⁷,¹²]pentacosa-7,9,11-trien-18-yl 1-methyl-6-oxopyridine-3-carboxylate
C51H58N2O19 (1002.3633598000001)
11-(hydroxymethyl)-4,4a,6b,8a,11,12b,14a-heptamethyl-tetradecahydro-1h-picen-3-one
(1s,3r,13s,14r,17s,18r,19r,20r,21s,22r,23r,24r,25s)-19,21,24-tris(acetyloxy)-25-hydroxy-3,13,14,25-tetramethyl-22-[(2-methylpropanoyl)oxy]-20-{[(2-methylpropanoyl)oxy]methyl}-6,15-dioxo-2,5,16-trioxa-9-azapentacyclo[15.7.1.0¹,²⁰.0³,²³.0⁷,¹²]pentacosa-7,9,11-trien-18-yl 1-methyl-6-oxopyridine-3-carboxylate
C47H58N2O19 (954.3633598000001)
19,21,24-tris(acetyloxy)-20-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-25-hydroxy-3,13,14,25-tetramethyl-22-[(2-methylpropanoyl)oxy]-6,15-dioxo-2,5,16-trioxa-9-azapentacyclo[15.7.1.0¹,²⁰.0³,²³.0⁷,¹²]pentacosa-7,9,11-trien-18-yl 1-methyl-6-oxopyridine-3-carboxylate
C45H54N2O19 (926.3320614000002)