Cromoglicic acid (BioDeep_00000003588)

human metabolite blood metabolite Chemicals and Drugs Volatile Flavor Compounds

代谢物信息卡片

5-{3-[(2-carboxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-5-yl)oxy]-2-hydroxypropoxy}-4-oxo-4H-chromene-2-carboxylic acid

化学式: C23H16O11 (468.0692586)
中文名称: 色甘酸
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 () 0%

分子结构信息

SMILES: C1=CC2=C(C(=C1)OCC(COC3=CC=CC4=C3C(=O)C=C(O4)C(=O)O)O)C(=O)C=C(O2)C(=O)O
InChI: InChI=1S/C23H16O11/c24-11(9-31-14-3-1-5-16-20(14)12(25)7-18(33-16)22(27)28)10-32-15-4-2-6-17-21(15)13(26)8-19(34-17)23(29)30/h1-8,11,24H,9-10H2,(H,27,28)(H,29,30)

描述信息

Cromoglicic acid is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized mast cells. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack. [PubChem]Cromoglicate inhibits degranulation of mast cells, subsequently preventing the release of histamine and slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A), mediators of type I allergic reactions. Cromoglicate also may reduce the release of inflammatory leukotrienes. Cromoglicate may act by inhibiting calcium influx.
A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A07 - Antidiarrheals, intestinal antiinflammatory/antiinfective agents > A07E - Intestinal antiinflammatory agents > A07EB - Antiallergic agents, excl. corticosteroids
R - Respiratory system > R03 - Drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03B - Other drugs for obstructive airway diseases, inhalants > R03BC - Antiallergic agents, excl. corticosteroids
R - Respiratory system > R01 - Nasal preparations > R01A - Decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use > R01AC - Antiallergic agents, excl. corticosteroids
D - Dermatologicals > D11 - Other dermatological preparations > D11A - Other dermatological preparations > D11AH - Agents for dermatitis, excluding corticosteroids
C78273 - Agent Affecting Respiratory System > C29712 - Anti-asthmatic Agent > C29714 - Mast Cell Stabilizer
S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01G - Decongestants and antiallergics
D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents > D000082142 - Mast Cell Stabilizers
D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents
D018926 - Anti-Allergic Agents
D007155 - Immunologic Factors

同义名列表

30 个代谢物同义名

5-{3-[(2-carboxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-5-yl)oxy]-2-hydroxypropoxy}-4-oxo-4H-chromene-2-carboxylic acid; 5-[3-(2-Carboxy-4-oxo-4H-5-chromenyloxy)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-4-oxo-4H-2-chromenecarboxylic acid; 5-[3-(2-Carboxy-4-oxo-4H-5-chromenyloxy)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-4-oxo-4H-2-chromenecarboxylate; Cromoglycate, disodium; Disodium cromoglycate; Cromoglycate, sodium; Acidum cromoglicicum; Acide cromoglicique; Sodium cromoglycate; Acido cromoglicico; Acid, cromoglicic; Acid, cromoglycic; Cromoglycic acid; Cromoglicic acid; Cromolyn sodium; Bicromat spray; Cromoglycate; Cromoglicate; Cromo-comod; Nasalcrom; Opticrom; cromolyn; FPL-670; Lomudal; Nalcrom; FPL 670; Vicrom; Aarane; Intal; Cromolyn

数据库引用编号

17 个数据库交叉引用编号

ChEBI: CHEBI:59773
KEGG: C06928
KEGGdrug: D07753
PubChem: 2882
HMDB: HMDB0015138
DrugBank: DB01003
ChEMBL: CHEMBL428880
Wikipedia: Cromoglicic acid
MeSH: Cromolyn Sodium
chemspider: 2779
CAS: 105878-73-7
CAS: 16110-51-3
PMhub: MS000010121
PubChem: 9145
NIKKAJI: J9.027A
RefMet: Cromoglicic acid
KNApSAcK: 59773

分类词条

代谢反应

0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

1 个相关的物种来源信息

9606 - Homo sapiens: -

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。

文献列表

Miranda Holman, Akeemat Tijani, Jeffrey Klein, Dorcas Frempong, Steven Dinh, Ashana Puri. Penetration Enhancement Strategies for Intradermal Delivery of Cromolyn Sodium. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2022 Jun; 23(6):171. doi: 10.1208/s12249-022-02328-3. [PMID: 35739411]
Seiji Nishino, Noriaki Sakai, Naoya Nishino, Taisuke Ono. Brain Mast Cells in Sleep and Behavioral Regulation. Current topics in behavioral neurosciences. 2022; 59(?):427-446. doi: 10.1007/7854_2022_359. [PMID: 35711025]
Mateus Jacinto da Luz, Victor Augusto Alves da Costa, Ana Paula Coelho Balbi, Luiz Borges Bispo-da-Silva. Effects of Disodium Cromoglycate Treatment in the Early Stage of Diabetic Nephropathy: Focus on Collagen Deposition. Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin. 2022; 45(3):245-249. doi: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00662. [PMID: 35228391]
Theoharis C Theoharides. Potential association of mast cells with coronavirus disease 2019. Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. 2021 03; 126(3):217-218. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.11.003. [PMID: 33161155]
Claudia Albertini, Marina Naldi, Sabrina Petralla, Silvia Strocchi, Daniela Grifoni, Barbara Monti, Manuela Bartolini, Maria Laura Bolognesi. From Combinations to Single-Molecule Polypharmacology-Cromolyn-Ibuprofen Conjugates for Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2021 Feb; 26(4):. doi: 10.3390/molecules26041112. [PMID: 33669839]
Antonio Gigante, Alberto Aquili, Luca Farinelli, Alessandro Caraffa, Gianpaolo Ronconi, Carla Enrica Gallenga, Giulia Tetè, Spyros K Kritas, Pio Conti. Sodium chromo-glycate and palmitoylethanolamide: A possible strategy to treat mast cell-induced lung inflammation in COVID-19. Medical hypotheses. 2020 Oct; 143(?):109856. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109856. [PMID: 32460208]
Theoharis C Theoharides, Irene Tsilioni. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Neuroinflammation, and Cromolyn. Clinical therapeutics. 2020 03; 42(3):546-549. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.01.010. [PMID: 32044139]
Shama Yasmeen, Riyazuddeen, Samima Khatun, Faizan Abul Qais. Characterization of interactions between cromolyn sodium and bovine serum albumin by spectroscopic, calorimetric and computational methods. Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics. 2020 02; 38(3):722-732. doi: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1586588. [PMID: 30821650]
Eric J Granucci, Ana Griciuc, Kaly A Mueller, Alexandra N Mills, Hoang Le, Amanda M Dios, Danielle McGinty, Joao Pereira, David Elmaleh, James D Berry, Sabrina Paganoni, Merit E Cudkowicz, Rudolph E Tanzi, Ghazaleh Sadri-Vakili. Cromolyn sodium delays disease onset and is neuroprotective in the SOD1G93A Mouse Model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Scientific reports. 2019 11; 9(1):17728. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-53982-w. [PMID: 31776380]
Xian Zhang, Qin Huang, Xin Wang, Zhiyong Deng, Jie Li, Xiang Yan, Matti Jauhiainen, Jari Metso, Peter Libby, Jian Liu, Guo-Ping Shi. Dietary cholesterol is essential to mast cell activation and associated obesity and diabetes in mice. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease. 2019 06; 1865(6):1690-1700. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.04.006. [PMID: 30978390]
Anca Maria Cimpean, Dusan Lalošević, Vesna Lalošević, Pavle Banović, Marius Raica, Ovidiu Alexandru Mederle. Disodium Cromolyn and Anti-podoplanin Antibodies Strongly Inhibit Growth of BHK 21/C13-derived Fibrosarcoma in a Chick Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane Model. In vivo (Athens, Greece). 2018 Jul; 32(4):791-798. doi: 10.21873/invivo.11309. [PMID: 29936460]
Lu Jiang, Pingping Fang, Seth Septer, Udayan Apte, Michele T Pritchard. Inhibition of Mast Cell Degranulation With Cromolyn Sodium Exhibits Organ-Specific Effects in Polycystic Kidney (PCK) Rats. International journal of toxicology. 2018 Jul; 37(4):308-326. doi: 10.1177/1091581818777754. [PMID: 29862868]
Shama Yasmeen, Riyazuddeen, Faizan Abul Qais. Unraveling the thermodynamics, binding mechanism and conformational changes of HSA with chromolyn sodium: Multispecroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry and molecular docking studies. International journal of biological macromolecules. 2017 Dec; 105(Pt 1):92-102. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.06.122. [PMID: 28690169]
David Brazier, Robert Perry, Jim Keane, Katie Barrett, David R Elmaleh. Pharmacokinetics of Cromolyn and Ibuprofen in Healthy Elderly Volunteers. Clinical drug investigation. 2017 Nov; 37(11):1025-1034. doi: 10.1007/s40261-017-0549-5. [PMID: 28856569]
Lufen Huang, Yan Dong, Jianlin Wu, Peixun Wang, Hua Zhou, Ting Li, Liang Liu. Sinomenine-induced histamine release-like anaphylactoid reactions are blocked by tranilast via inhibiting NF-κB signaling. Pharmacological research. 2017 Nov; 125(Pt B):150-160. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.08.014. [PMID: 28867637]
Elizabeth Simonsen, Paul Komenda, Blake Lerner, Nicole Askin, Clara Bohm, James Shaw, Navdeep Tangri, Claudio Rigatto. Treatment of Uremic Pruritus: A Systematic Review. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation. 2017 Nov; 70(5):638-655. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2017.05.018. [PMID: 28720208]
Tarek K Motawi, Shohda A El-Maraghy, Aliaa Nabil ElMeshad, Omnia M Nady, Olfat A Hammam. Cromolyn chitosan nanoparticles as a novel protective approach for colorectal cancer. Chemico-biological interactions. 2017 Sep; 275(?):1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.07.013. [PMID: 28732690]
Amir Larki Harchegani, Ali Asghar Hemmati, Amir Nili-Ahmadabadi, Borhan Darabi, Somayeh Shabib. Cromolyn Sodium Attenuates Paraquat-Induced Lung Injury by Modulation of Proinflammatory Cytokines. Drug research. 2017 May; 67(5):283-288. doi: 10.1055/s-0042-123711. [PMID: 28561222]
Ravi R Patel, Sundeep Chaurasia, Gayasuddin Khan, Pramila Chaubey, Nagendra Kumar, Brahmeshwar Mishra. Highly water-soluble mast cell stabiliser-encapsulated solid lipid nanoparticles with enhanced oral bioavailability. Journal of microencapsulation. 2016 May; 33(3):209-20. doi: 10.3109/02652048.2016.1144819. [PMID: 26885889]
Fei Tong, Lei Luo, Daojun Liu. Effect of Intervention in Mast Cell Function Before Reperfusion on Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Kidney & blood pressure research. 2016; 41(3):335-44. doi: 10.1159/000443437. [PMID: 27304487]
Alessandro Mereu, Gemma Tedó, Adam J Moeser, Gerald Rimbach, Ignacio R Ipharraguerre. Cromolyn-mediated improvement of intestinal barrier function is associated with enhanced piglet performance after weaning. BMC veterinary research. 2015 Oct; 11(?):274. doi: 10.1186/s12917-015-0588-1. [PMID: 26510713]
Li-bo Zhu, Kai-qing Lin, Xin-mei Zhang, Jun Lin. [Sodium cromoglycate attenuates experimental endometriosis in rats by regulating mast cells]. Zhejiang da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences. 2015 05; 44(3):278-84. doi: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2015.05.07. [PMID: 26350008]
Nagla A El-Shitany, Karema El-Desoky. Cromoglycate, not ketotifen, ameliorated the injured effect of warm ischemia/reperfusion in rat liver: role of mast cell degranulation, oxidative stress, proinflammatory cytokine, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Drug design, development and therapy. 2015; 9(?):5237-46. doi: 10.2147/dddt.s88337. [PMID: 26396497]
Tomoharu Yokooji, Hiroaki Matsuo. Sodium Cromoglycate Prevents Exacerbation of IgE-Mediated Food-Allergic Reaction Induced by Aspirin in a Rat Model of Egg Allergy. International archives of allergy and immunology. 2015; 167(3):193-202. doi: 10.1159/000437328. [PMID: 26329011]
Lindsey L Kennedy, Laura A Hargrove, Allyson B Graf, Taylor C Francis, Kyle M Hodges, Quy P Nguyen, Yoshi Ueno, John F Greene, Fanyin Meng, Victoria D Huynh, Heather L Francis. Inhibition of mast cell-derived histamine secretion by cromolyn sodium treatment decreases biliary hyperplasia in cholestatic rodents. Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology. 2014 Dec; 94(12):1406-18. doi: 10.1038/labinvest.2014.129. [PMID: 25365204]
Tim Vanuytsel, Sander van Wanrooy, Hanne Vanheel, Christophe Vanormelingen, Sofie Verschueren, Els Houben, Shadea Salim Rasoel, Joran Tόth, Lieselot Holvoet, Ricard Farré, Lukas Van Oudenhove, Guy Boeckxstaens, Kristin Verbeke, Jan Tack. Psychological stress and corticotropin-releasing hormone increase intestinal permeability in humans by a mast cell-dependent mechanism. Gut. 2014 Aug; 63(8):1293-9. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-305690. [PMID: 24153250]
M Yang, Y Ma, J Ding, L Rao, J Li. Preconditioning donor livers with cromolyn or compound 48/80 prolongs recipient survival in a rat orthotopic liver transplantation model. Transplantation proceedings. 2014 Jun; 46(5):1554-9. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.01.017. [PMID: 24935329]
Joseph H Butterfield, Catherine R Weiler. Presentation of untreated systemic mastocytosis as recurrent, pulseless-electrical-activity cardiac arrests resistant to cardiac pacemaker. International archives of allergy and immunology. 2014; 163(2):130-4. doi: 10.1159/000356487. [PMID: 24335343]
Eva Wex, Eva Thaler, Sylvia Blum, David Lamb. A novel model of IgE-mediated passive pulmonary anaphylaxis in rats. PloS one. 2014; 9(12):e116166. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116166. [PMID: 25541997]
Hui-Hun Kim, Duk-Sil Kim, Sung-Wan Kim, Se-Hyun Lim, Dae Keun Kim, Tae-Yong Shin, Sang-Hyun Kim. Inhibitory effects of Diospyros kaki in a model of allergic inflammation: role of cAMP, calcium and nuclear factor-κB. International journal of molecular medicine. 2013 Oct; 32(4):945-51. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1465. [PMID: 23921373]
Vishnu N Thakare, M M Osama, Suresh R Naik. Therapeutic potential of curcumin in experimentally induced allergic rhinitis in guinea pigs. International immunopharmacology. 2013 Sep; 17(1):18-25. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.04.025. [PMID: 23665314]
Tarek M K Motawi, Yasser Bustanji, Shohda A El-Maraghy, Mutasem O Taha, Mohamed A S Al Ghussein. Naproxen and cromolyn as new glycogen synthase kinase 3β inhibitors for amelioration of diabetes and obesity: an investigation by docking simulation and subsequent in vitro/in vivo biochemical evaluation. Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology. 2013 Sep; 27(9):425-36. doi: 10.1002/jbt.21503. [PMID: 23784744]
Jing Wang, Sara Sjöberg, Viviane Tia, Blandine Secco, Han Chen, Min Yang, Galina K Sukhova, Guo-Ping Shi. Pharmaceutical stabilization of mast cells attenuates experimental atherogenesis in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice. Atherosclerosis. 2013 Aug; 229(2):304-9. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.05.025. [PMID: 23880180]
Martine Bot, Saskia C A de Jager, Luke MacAleese, H Maxime Lagraauw, Theo J C van Berkel, Paul H A Quax, Johan Kuiper, Ron M A Heeren, Erik A L Biessen, Ilze Bot. Lysophosphatidic acid triggers mast cell-driven atherosclerotic plaque destabilization by increasing vascular inflammation. Journal of lipid research. 2013 May; 54(5):1265-74. doi: 10.1194/jlr.m032862. [PMID: 23396975]
Ailan Zhang, Xinjin Chi, Gangjian Luo, Ziqing Hei, Hua Xia, Chenfang Luo, Yanling Wang, Xiaowen Mao, Zhengyuan Xia. Mast cell stabilization alleviates acute lung injury after orthotopic autologous liver transplantation in rats by downregulating inflammation. PloS one. 2013; 8(10):e75262. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075262. [PMID: 24116032]
Daniel J Warner, Hongming Chen, Louis-David Cantin, J Gerry Kenna, Simone Stahl, Clare L Walker, Tobias Noeske. Mitigating the inhibition of human bile salt export pump by drugs: opportunities provided by physicochemical property modulation, in silico modeling, and structural modification. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2012 Dec; 40(12):2332-41. doi: 10.1124/dmd.112.047068. [PMID: 22961681]
Tatsuya Oka, Janet Kalesnikoff, Philipp Starkl, Mindy Tsai, Stephen J Galli. Evidence questioning cromolyn's effectiveness and selectivity as a 'mast cell stabilizer' in mice. Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology. 2012 Oct; 92(10):1472-82. doi: 10.1038/labinvest.2012.116. [PMID: 22906983]
Shaun A Summers, Poh-Yi Gan, Lakshi Dewage, Frank T Ma, Joshua D Ooi, Kim M O'Sullivan, David J Nikolic-Paterson, A Richard Kitching, Stephen R Holdsworth. Mast cell activation and degranulation promotes renal fibrosis in experimental unilateral ureteric obstruction. Kidney international. 2012 Sep; 82(6):676-85. doi: 10.1038/ki.2012.211. [PMID: 22673890]
Amir Feily, Benafshe Dormanesh, Ali Reza Ghorbani, Zahra Moosavi, Maryam Kouchak, Bahman Cheraghian, Seyed Seifollah Beladi Mousavi, Abolfath Mehrabian, Nastaran Ranjbari. Efficacy of topical cromolyn sodium 4\% on pruritus in uremic nephrogenic patients: a randomized double-blind study in 60 patients. International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2012 Jul; 50(7):510-3. doi: 10.5414/cp201629. [PMID: 22732382]
Sanne Enok, Lasse Stærdal Simonsen, Signe Vesterskov Pedersen, Tobias Wang, Nini Skovgaard. Humoral regulation of heart rate during digestion in pythons (Python molurus and Python regius). American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology. 2012 May; 302(10):R1176-83. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00661.2011. [PMID: 22422667]
Cristina Carreño, Anna Domènech, Neus Prats, Montserrat Miralpeix, Isabel Ramis. Characterization of a model of tracheal plasma extravasation in passively sensitized rats using anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory drugs by oral and intratracheal route. Pulmonary pharmacology & therapeutics. 2012 Feb; 25(1):87-93. doi: 10.1016/j.pupt.2011.12.002. [PMID: 22207135]
Kenji Yoshimura, Ryoji Maekura, Toru Hiraga, Seigo Kitada, Keisuke Miki, Mari Miki, Yoshitaka Tateishi. Effects of tiotropium on sympathetic activation during exercise in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 2012; 7(?):109-17. doi: 10.2147/copd.s28677. [PMID: 22615527]
Sarah Dawson, Simone Stahl, Nikki Paul, Jane Barber, J Gerald Kenna. In vitro inhibition of the bile salt export pump correlates with risk of cholestatic drug-induced liver injury in humans. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2012 Jan; 40(1):130-8. doi: 10.1124/dmd.111.040758. [PMID: 21965623]
Arul Veerappan, Alicia C Reid, Nathan O'Connor, Rosalia Mora, Jacqueline A Brazin, Racha Estephan, Takashi Kameue, Jie Chen, Diane Felsen, Surya V Seshan, Dix P Poppas, Thomas Maack, Randi B Silver. Mast cells are required for the development of renal fibrosis in the rodent unilateral ureteral obstruction model. American journal of physiology. Renal physiology. 2012 Jan; 302(1):F192-204. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00562.2010. [PMID: 21957176]
Jing Wang, Guo-Ping Shi. Mast cell stabilization: novel medication for obesity and diabetes. Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews. 2011 Nov; 27(8):919-24. doi: 10.1002/dmrr.1272. [PMID: 22069285]
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Pascale Kippelen, Johan Larsson, Sandra D Anderson, John D Brannan, Barbro Dahlén, Sven Erik Dahlén. Effect of sodium cromoglycate on mast cell mediators during hyperpnea in athletes. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2010 Oct; 42(10):1853-60. doi: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3181da4f7d. [PMID: 20216468]
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Joong Hyung Cho, Ji Yun Lee, Sang Soo Sim, Wan Kyun Whang, Chang Jong Kim. Inhibitory effects of diterpene acids from root of Aralia cordata on IgE-mediated asthma in guinea pigs. Pulmonary pharmacology & therapeutics. 2010 Jun; 23(3):190-9. doi: 10.1016/j.pupt.2009.12.004. [PMID: 20060054]
Ghazal Vessal, Mohammad Mehdi Sagheb, Saman Shilian, Payman Jafari, Soliman Mohammadi Samani. Effect of oral cromolyn sodium on CKD-associated pruritus and serum tryptase level: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association. 2010 May; 25(5):1541-7. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfp628. [PMID: 20007756]
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Yih-Loong Lai, Li-Ling Wu, Tai-Yin Lin, Chien-He Lin. The role of mast cells in citric acid-induced airway constriction and cough. The Chinese journal of physiology. 2009 Nov; 52(5 Suppl):332-8. doi: 10.4077/cjp.2009.amh079. [PMID: 20359123]
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