Guanosine
Guanosine (G), also known as 2-amino-inosine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as purine nucleosides. Purine nucleosides are compounds comprising a purine base attached to a ribosyl or deoxyribosyl sugar moiety. Guanosine consists of a guanine base attached to a ribose (ribofuranose) ring via a beta-N9-glycosidic bond. Guanosine is a white, crystalline powder with no odor and mild saline taste. It is very soluble in acetic acid, and slightly soluble in water, but insoluble in ethanol, diethyl ether, benzene, and chloroform. Guanosine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. High levels of guanosine can be found in clovers, coffee plants, and the pollen of pines. It has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as leeks, garlic, chicory roots, green bell peppers, and black-eyed peas. Guanosine plays an important role in various biochemical processes including the synthesis of nucleic acids such as RNA and intracellular signal transduction (cGMP). The antiviral drug acyclovir, often used in herpes treatment, and the anti-HIV drug abacavir, are both structurally similar to guanosine. Guanosine can be phosphorylated to become guanosine monophosphate (GMP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), guanosine diphosphate (GDP), and guanosine triphosphate (GTP). In humans, guanosine is involved in intracellular signalling through the adenosine receptors A1R and A2AR (PMID: 31847113). Evidence from rodent and cell models has shown a number of important neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects of guanosine. In particular, it is effective in preventing deleterious consequences of seizures, spinal cord injury, pain, mood disorders and aging-related diseases, such as ischemia, Parkinson‚Äôs and Alzheimer‚Äôs diseases (PMID: 27699087). Studies with rodent models of Parkinson‚Äôs disease have shown that guanosine decreases neuronal apoptotic cell death and increases dopaminergic neurons at substantia nigra pars compacta, accompanied by an improvement of motor symptoms in Parkinson‚Äôs disease (i.e. a reduction of bradykinesia). Guanosine promotes neurite arborization, outgrowth, proliferation and differentiation. Systemic administration of guanosine for eight weeks (8 mg/kg) has been shown to stimulate neuroprogenitors proliferation in the subventricular zone (SVZ) in a mouse model of Parkinsonism (PMID: 27699087). The effect of guanosine treatment is accompanied by an increased number of fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2)-positive cells which is an important regulator of neuroprogenitor/stem cell proliferation, survival and differentiation (PMID: 27699087). Guanosine prevents reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and cell death in hippocampal slices subjected to the oxygen/glucose deprivation (PMID: 31847113). Guanosine is a purine nucleoside in which guanine is attached to ribofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. It has a role as a fundamental metabolite. It is a purines D-ribonucleoside and a member of guanosines. It is functionally related to a guanine. Guanosine is a nucleoside comprising guanine attached to a ribose (ribofuranose) ring via a β-N9-glycosidic bond. Guanosine can be phosphorylated to become GMP (guanosine monophosphate), cGMP (cyclic guanosine monophosphate), GDP (guanosine diphosphate) and GTP (guanosine triphosphate) which are factors in signal transduction pathways. Guanosine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Guanosine is a natural product found in Ulva australis, Allium chinense, and other organisms with data available. Guanosine is a purine nucleoside formed from a beta-N9-glycosidic bond between guanine and a ribose ring and is essential for metabolism. Guanosine is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A purine nucleoside that has guanine linked by its N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of ribose. It is a component of ribonucleic acid and its nucleotides play important roles in metabolism. (From Dorland, 28th ed) Guanosine is a nucleoside comprising guanine attached to a ribose (ribofuranose) ring via a beta-N9-glycosidic bond. Guanosine can be phosphorylated to become GMP (guanosine monophosphate), cGMP (cyclic guanosine monophosphate), GDP (guanosine diphosphate) and GTP (guanosine triphosphate). ; The nucleoside guanosine exert important neuroprotective and neuromodulator roles in the central nervous system, which may be related to inhibition of the glutamatergic neurotransmission activity. Guanosine is the specific extracellular guanine-based purines effector and indicate that its conversion occurs not only in the central nervous system but also peripherally. (PMID: 16325434); Guanosine is a nucleoside comprising guanine attached to a ribose (ribofuranose) ring via a ?-N9-glycosidic bond. Guanosine is found in many foods, some of which are elderberry, malus (crab apple), acerola, and arrowhead. A purine nucleoside in which guanine is attached to ribofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS [Spectral] Guanosine (exact mass = 283.09167) and 3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (exact mass = 197.06881) and Glutathione disulfide (exact mass = 612.15196) and AMP (exact mass = 347.06308) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. [Spectral] Guanosine (exact mass = 283.09167) and Guanine (exact mass = 151.04941) and 3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (exact mass = 197.06881) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.125 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 317 KEIO_ID G015; [MS2] KO008966 Annotation level-2 KEIO_ID G015 Guanosine (DL-Guanosine) is a purine nucleoside comprising guanine attached to a ribose (ribofuranose) ring via a β-N9-glycosidic bond. Guanosine possesses anti-HSV activity. Guanosine (DL-Guanosine) is a purine nucleoside comprising guanine attached to a ribose (ribofuranose) ring via a β-N9-glycosidic bond. Guanosine possesses anti-HSV activity. Guanosine (DL-Guanosine) is a purine nucleoside comprising guanine attached to a ribose (ribofuranose) ring via a β-N9-glycosidic bond. Guanosine possesses anti-HSV activity.
Pectolinarigenin
Pectolinarigenin is a dimethoxyflavone that is the 6,4-dimethyl ether derivative of scutellarein. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a dimethoxyflavone and a dihydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to a scutellarein. Pectolinarigenin is a natural product found in Eupatorium cannabinum, Chromolaena odorata, and other organisms with data available. Pectolinarigenin is a dual inhibitor of COX-2/5-LOX. Anti-inflammatory activity[1]. Pectolinarigenin has potent inhibitory activities on melanogenesis[2]. Pectolinarigenin is a dual inhibitor of COX-2/5-LOX. Anti-inflammatory activity[1]. Pectolinarigenin has potent inhibitory activities on melanogenesis[2]. Pectolinarigenin is a dual inhibitor of COX-2/5-LOX. Anti-inflammatory activity[1]. Pectolinarigenin has potent inhibitory activities on melanogenesis[2].
Cinobufagin
Cinobufagin is a steroid lactone. It is functionally related to a bufanolide. Cinobufagin is a natural product found in Bufo gargarizans, Phrynoidis asper, and other organisms with data available. Cinobufagin is a bufadienolide compound extracted from the dried venom secreted by the parotid glands of toads and one of the glycosides in the traditional Chinese medicine ChanSu, with potential antineoplastic activity. Although the mechanism of action of cinobufagin is still under investigation, it has been found to suppress cancer cell proliferation and cause apoptosis in cancer cells via a sequence of apoptotic modulators that include mitochondrial Bax and cytosolic chromosome c, and caspases 3, 8, and 9. Possible upstream mediators of cinobufagin-induced apoptosis include Fas and p53. D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002301 - Cardiac Glycosides C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C129839 - Apoptotic Pathway-targeting Antineoplastic Agent D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002018 - Bufanolides Annotation level-1 Cinobufagin is an anticancer agent that can be secreted by the Asiatic toad Bufo gargarizans. Cinobufagin induces the cell cycle arrests in the G1 phase or G2/M phase, leading to apoptosis in cancer cells. Cinobufagin inhibits tumor growth in melanoma and glioblastoma multiforme xenograft mouse models[1][2][3]. Cinobufagin is an anticancer agent that can be secreted by the Asiatic toad Bufo gargarizans. Cinobufagin induces the cell cycle arrests in the G1 phase or G2/M phase, leading to apoptosis in cancer cells. Cinobufagin inhibits tumor growth in melanoma and glioblastoma multiforme xenograft mouse models[1][2][3].
Cucurbitacin D
Cucurbitacin D is a cucurbitacin in which a lanostane skeleton is multi-substituted with hydroxy, methyl and oxo substituents, with unsaturation at positions 5 and 23. It is a cucurbitacin, a secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone and a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone. It derives from a hydride of a lanostane. Cucurbitacin D is a natural product found in Elaeocarpus chinensis, Elaeocarpus hainanensis, and other organisms with data available. Cucurbitacin D is found in calabash. Cucurbitacin D is isolated from plants of the Cucurbitacea Cucurbitacin D is an active component in Trichosanthes kirilowii, disrupts interactions between Hsp90 and two co-chaperones, Cdc37 and p23. Cucurbitacin D prevents Hsp90 client (Her2, Raf, Cdk6, pAkt) maturation without induction of the heat shock response. Anti-cancer activity[1]. Cucurbitacin D is an active component in Trichosanthes kirilowii, disrupts interactions between Hsp90 and two co-chaperones, Cdc37 and p23. Cucurbitacin D prevents Hsp90 client (Her2, Raf, Cdk6, pAkt) maturation without induction of the heat shock response. Anti-cancer activity[1].
Rescinnamine
Rescinnamine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor used as an antihypertensive drug. It is an alkaloid obtained from Rauwolfia serpentina and other species of Rauwolfia. [Wikipedia]Rescinnamine Binds to and inhibits the angiotensin converting enzyme. Rescinnamine competes with angiotensin I for binding at the angiotensin-converting enzyme, blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Inhibition of ACE results in decreased plasma angiotensin II. As angiotensin II is a vasoconstrictor and a negative-feedback mediator for renin activity, lower concentrations result in a decrease in blood pressure and stimulation of baroreceptor reflex mechanisms, which leads to decreased vasopressor activity and to decreased aldosterone secretion. C - Cardiovascular system > C02 - Antihypertensives > C02A - Antiadrenergic agents, centrally acting > C02AA - Rauwolfia alkaloids C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System > C270 - Antihypertensive Agent Rescinnamine is an odorless white to cream colored crystalline powder. (NTP, 1992) Rescinnamine is a methyl ester, an organic heteropentacyclic compound and an indole alkaloid. It has a role as an antihypertensive agent. It derives from a hydride of a yohimban. Rescinnamine is a natural product found in Vinca major, Aspidosperma excelsum, and other organisms with data available.
Mimosine
Mimosine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an antineoplastic alanine-substituted pyridine derivative isolated from Leucena glauca. [PubChem]Mimosine causes inhibition of DNA replication, changes in the progression of the cells in the cell cycle, and apoptosis. Mimosine appears to introduce breaks into DNA. Mimosine is an iron/zinc chelator. Iron depletion induces DNA double-strand breaks in treated cells, and activates a DNA damage response that results in focal phosphorylation of histones. This leads to inhibition of DNA replication and/or DNA elongation. Some studies indicate that mimosine prevents the initiation of DNA replication, whereas other studies indicate that mimosine disrupts elongation of the replication fork by impairing deoxyribonucleotide synthesis by inhibiting the activity of the iron-dependent enzyme ribonucleotide reductase and the transcription of the cytoplasmic serine hydroxymethyltransferase gene (SHMT). Inhibition of serine hydroxymethyltransferase is moderated by a zinc responsive unit located in front of the SHMT gene. L-mimosine is an L-alpha-amino acid that is propionic acid substituted by an amino group at position 2 and a 3-hydroxy-4-oxopyridin-1(4H)-yl group at position 3 (the 2S-stereoisomer). It a non-protein plant amino acid isolated from Mimosa pudica. It has a role as an EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor and a plant metabolite. It is a non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid and a member of 4-pyridones. It is functionally related to a propionic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a L-mimosine(1-). It is a tautomer of a L-mimosine zwitterion. Mimosine is an antineoplastic alanine-substituted pyridine derivative isolated from Leucena glauca. 3-Hydroxy-4-oxo-1(4H)-pyridinealanine. An antineoplastic alanine-substituted pyridine derivative isolated from Leucena glauca. An L-alpha-amino acid that is propionic acid substituted by an amino group at position 2 and a 3-hydroxy-4-oxopyridin-1(4H)-yl group at position 3 (the 2S-stereoisomer). It a non-protein plant amino acid isolated from Mimosa pudica. Mimosine, a tyrosine analog , can act as an antioxidant by its potent iron-binding activity[1]. Mimosine is a known chelator of Fe(III)[2]. Mimosine induces apoptosis through metal ion chelation, mitochondrial activation and ROS production in human leukemic cells[3]. Anti-cancer, antiinflammation. Mimosine, a tyrosine analog , can act as an antioxidant by its potent iron-binding activity[1]. Mimosine is a known chelator of Fe(III)[2]. Mimosine induces apoptosis through metal ion chelation, mitochondrial activation and ROS production in human leukemic cells[3]. Anti-cancer, antiinflammation.
2',4',6'-Trihydroxyacetophenone
2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone is a benzenetriol that is acetophenone in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 6 on the phenyl group are replaced by hydroxy groups. It is used as a matrix in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry for the analysis of acidic glycans and glycopeptides. It has a role as a MALDI matrix material and a plant metabolite. It is a methyl ketone, a benzenetriol and an aromatic ketone. 2,4,6-Trihydroxyacetophenone is a natural product found in Artemisia gypsacea, Daldinia eschscholtzii, and other organisms with data available. A benzenetriol that is acetophenone in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 6 on the phenyl group are replaced by hydroxy groups. It is used as a matrix in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry for the analysis of acidic glycans and glycopeptides. 2,4,6-Trihydroxyacetophenone is found in fruits. 2,4,6-Trihydroxyacetophenone is isolated from bark of Prunus domestica (plum Phloracetophenone (2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone) is the aglycone part of acetophenone glycoside obtained from Curcuma comosa Roxb, with cholesterol-lowering activity. Phloracetophenone enhances cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) activity[1]. Phloracetophenone stimulats bile secretion mediated through Mrp2[2]. Phloracetophenone (2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone) is the aglycone part of acetophenone glycoside obtained from Curcuma comosa Roxb, with cholesterol-lowering activity. Phloracetophenone enhances cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) activity[1]. Phloracetophenone stimulats bile secretion mediated through Mrp2[2].
Deoxycytidine
Deoxycytidine, also known as dC, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrimidine 2-deoxyribonucleosides. Pyrimidine 2-deoxyribonucleosides are compounds consisting of a pyrimidine linked to a ribose which lacks a hydroxyl group at position 2. Deoxycytidine is also classified as a deoxyribonucleoside, a component of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Deoxycytidine is similar to the ribonucleoside cytidine, but with one hydroxyl group removed from the 2 position. Deoxycytidine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. Degradation of DNA through apoptosis or cell death produces deoxycytidine. Within humans, deoxycytidine participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, deoxycytidine can be biosynthesized from dCMP through the action of the enzyme cytosolic purine 5-nucleotidase. In addition, deoxycytidine can be converted into dCMP; which is mediated by the enzyme uridine-cytidine kinase-like 1. Deoxycytidine can be phosphorylated at the C-5 position by the enzyme deoxycytidine kinase to produce deoxycytidine monophosphate (dCMP), and to a lesser extent, deoxycytidine diphosphate (dCDP), and deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP). Deoxycytidine can also be phosphorylated by thymidine kinase 2 (TK2). Deoxycytidine can potentially be used for the treatment of the metabolic disorder known as thymidine kinase 2 deficiency (TK2 deficiency). TK2 deficiency has three disease subtypes: i) infantile-onset myopathy with rapid progression to early death ii) childhood-onset myopathy, which resembles spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type III, begins between ages 1 and 12 years with progression to loss of ambulation within few years and iii) late-onset myopathy starting at age 12 year or later with moderate to severe myopathy manifesting as either isolated chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) or a generalized myopathy with CPEO plus facial and limb weakness, gradual progression, and, in some cases, respiratory failure and loss of ability to walk in adulthood (PMID: 28318037). In mouse models of TK2, dC was shown to delay disease onset, prolong life span and restore mtDNA copy number as well as respiratory chain enzyme activities (PMID: 28318037). One of the principal nucleosides of DNA composed of cytosine and deoxyribose. A nucleoside consists of only a pentose sugar linked to a purine or pyrimidine base, without a phosphate group. When N1 is linked to the C1 of deoxyribose, deoxynucleosides and nucleotides are formed from cytosine and deoxyribose; deoxycytidine monophosphate (dCMP), deoxycytidine diphosphate (dCDP), deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP). CTP is the source of the cytidine in RNA (ribonucleic acid) and deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP) is the source of the deoxycytidine in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). [HMDB]. Deoxycytidine is found in many foods, some of which are japanese pumpkin, turmeric, prairie turnip, and kai-lan. C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C272 - Antimetabolite Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. C26170 - Protective Agent > C2459 - Chemoprotective Agent COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map KEIO_ID D055; [MS2] KO008940 Corona-virus KEIO_ID D055 Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS 2'-Deoxycytidine, a deoxyribonucleoside, can inhibit biological effects of Bromodeoxyuridine (Brdu). 2'-Deoxycytidine is essential for the synthesis of nucleic acids, that can be used for the research of cancer[1][2]. 2'-Deoxycytidine, a deoxyribonucleoside, could inhibit biological effects of Bromodeoxyuridine (Brdu).
2'-Deoxycytidine-5'-monophosphoric acid
Deoxycytidine monophosphate (dCMP), also known as deoxycytidylic acid or deoxycytidylate in its conjugate acid and conjugate base forms, respectively, is a deoxynucleotide, and one of the four monomers that make up DNA. In a DNA double helix, it will base pair with deoxyguanosine monophosphate. dCMP belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrimidine 2-deoxyribonucleoside monophosphates. These are pyrimidine nucleotides with a monophosphate group linked to the ribose moiety lacking a hydroxyl group at position 2. Deficiency of the enzyme deoxycytidine kinase (EC2.7.1.74) is associated with resistance to antiviral and anticancer chemotherapeutic agents, whereas increased enzyme activity is associated with increased activation of these compounds to cytotoxic nucleoside triphosphate derivatives. dCMP exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Within humans, dCMP participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, dCMP can be converted to dCDP by the enzyme UMP-CMP kinase 2. In addition, dCMP can be converted into deoxycytidine, which is catalyzed by the enzyme cytosolic purine 5-nucleotidase. In humans, dCMP is involved in the metabolic disorder called ump synthase deficiency (orotic aciduria). Outside of the human body, dCMP has been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as turnips, garlics, agaves, garden onions, and italian sweet red peppers. dCMP is a deoxycytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety in the 2-,3- or 5- positions. Deoxycytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A deoxycytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety in the 2-,3- or 5- positions. 2'-Deoxycytidine-5'-monophosphoric acid is an endogenous metabolite. 2'-Deoxycytidine-5'-monophosphoric acid is an endogenous metabolite.
Deoxyadenosine triphosphate
Deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP) is a purine nucleoside triphosphate used in cells for DNA synthesis. A nucleoside triphosphate is a molecule type that contains a nucleoside with three phosphates bound to it. dATP contains the sugar deoxyribose, a precursor to DNA synthesis whereby the two existing phosphate groups are cleaved with the remaining deoxyadenosine monophosphate being incorporated into DNA during replication. Due to its enzymatic incorporation into DNA, photoreactive dATP analogs such as N6-[4-azidobenzoyl–(2-aminoethyl)]-2′-deoxyadenosine-5′-triphosphate (AB-dATP) and N6-[4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-diazirin-3-yl]benzoyl-(2-aminoethyl)]-2′-deoxyadenosine-5′-triphosphate (DB-dATP) have been used for DNA photoaffinity labeling. When present in sufficiently high levels, dATP can act as an immunotoxin and a metabotoxin. An immunotoxin disrupts, limits the function, or destroys immune cells. A metabotoxin is an endogenous metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of deoxyadenosine triphosphate are associated with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency, an inborn error of metabolism. ADA deficiency damages the immune system and causes severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). People with SCID lack virtually all immune protection from bacteria, viruses, and fungi. They are prone to repeated and persistent infections that can be very serious or life-threatening. These infections are often caused by "opportunistic" organisms that ordinarily do not cause illness in people with a normal immune system. The main symptoms of ADA deficiency are pneumonia, chronic diarrhea, and widespread skin rashes. The mechanism by which dATP functions as an immunotoxin is as follows: a buildup of dATP in cells inhibits ribonucleotide reductase and prevents DNA synthesis, so cells are unable to divide. Since developing T cells and B cells are some of the most mitotically active cells, they are unable to divide and propagate to respond to immune challenges. Animals obtain their energy by oxidation of foods, plants do so by trapping the sunlight using chlorophyll. However, before the energy can be used, it is first transformed into a form which the organism can handle easily. This special carrier of energy is the molecule adenosine triphosphate, or ATP. The ATP molecule is composed of three components. At the centre is a sugar molecule, [[ribose] (the same sugar that forms the basis of DNA). Attached to one side of this is a base (a group consisting of linked rings of carbon and nitrogen atoms); in this case the base is adenine. The other side of the sugar is attached to a string of phosphate groups. These phosphates are the key to the activity of ATP. ATP consists of a base, in this case adenine (red), a ribose (magenta) and a phosphate chain (blue). ATP works by losing the endmost phosphate group when instructed to do so by an enzyme. This reaction releases a lot of energy, which the organism can then use to build proteins, contact muscles, etc. [HMDB]. dATP is found in many foods, some of which are pepper (c. chinense), squashberry, safflower, and brussel sprouts. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Thymidine-5'-monophosphoric acid
5-Thymidylic acid (conjugate base thymidylate), also known as thymidine monophosphate (TMP), deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP), or deoxythymidylic acid (conjugate base deoxythymidylate), is a nucleotide that is used as a monomer in DNA. It is an ester of phosphoric acid with the nucleoside thymidine. dTMP consists of a phosphate group, the pentose sugar deoxyribose, and the nucleobase thymine. Unlike the other deoxyribonucleotides, thymidine monophosphate often does not contain the "deoxy" prefix in its name; nevertheless, its symbol often includes a "d" ("dTMP"). 5-Thymidylic acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrimidine 2-deoxyribonucleoside monophosphates. These are pyrimidine nucleotides with a monophosphate group linked to the ribose moiety lacking a hydroxyl group at position 2. The neutral species of 5-Thymidylic acid (2-deoxythymidine 5-monophosphate). 5-Thymidylic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Within humans, 5-thymidylic acid participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, 5-thymidylic acid and dihydrofolic acid can be biosynthesized from dUMP and 5,10-methylene-THF by the enzyme thymidylate synthase. In addition, 5-thymidylic acid can be converted into dTDP; which is catalyzed by the enzyme thymidylate synthase. In humans, 5-thymidylic acid is involved in pyrimidine metabolism. Outside of the human body, 5-Thymidylic acid has been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as common buckwheats, corn salad, garden cress, squashberries, and star fruits. 5-thymidylic acid, also known as thymidylate or thymidine 5-phosphate, is a member of the class of compounds known as pyrimidine 2-deoxyribonucleoside monophosphates. Pyrimidine 2-deoxyribonucleoside monophosphates are pyrimidine nucleotides with a monophosphate group linked to the ribose moiety lacking a hydroxyl group at position 2. 5-thymidylic acid is slightly soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). 5-thymidylic acid can be found in a number of food items such as burbot, enokitake, scarlet bean, and garland chrysanthemum, which makes 5-thymidylic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 5-thymidylic acid can be found primarily in feces, as well as in human fibroblasts tissue. 5-thymidylic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, 5-thymidylic acid is involved in the pyrimidine metabolism. 5-thymidylic acid is also involved in few metabolic disorders, which include beta ureidopropionase deficiency, dihydropyrimidinase deficiency, MNGIE (mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy), and UMP synthase deficiency (orotic aciduria). Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST.
Thymidine 5'-triphosphate
Thymidine-5-triphosphate, also known as ttp or deoxythymidine 5-triphosphoric acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as pyrimidine 2-deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates. Pyrimidine 2-deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates are pyrimidine nucleotides with a triphosphate group linked to the ribose moiety lacking a hydroxyl group at position 2. Thymidine-5-triphosphate is slightly soluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). Thymidine-5-triphosphate can be found in a number of food items such as kohlrabi, garden tomato (variety), cardoon, and star anise, which makes thymidine-5-triphosphate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Thymidine-5-triphosphate exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, thymidine-5-triphosphate is involved in the pyrimidine metabolism. Thymidine-5-triphosphate is also involved in few metabolic disorders, which include beta ureidopropionase deficiency, dihydropyrimidinase deficiency, MNGIE (mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy), and UMP synthase deficiency (orotic aciduria). Deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP) is one of the four nucleoside triphosphates that are used in the in vivo synthesis of DNA. Unlike the other deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates, thymidine triphosphate does not always contain the "deoxy" prefix in its name. The corresponding ribonucleoside triphosphate is called uridine triphosphate. Thymidine 5-triphosphate, also known as TTP or DTHD5ppp, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrimidine 2-deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates. These are pyrimidine nucleotides with a triphosphate group linked to the ribose moiety lacking a hydroxyl group at position 2. Thymidine 5-triphosphate exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Outside of the human body, Thymidine 5-triphosphate has been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as elliotts blueberries, mamey sapotes, sesames, alliums, and sweet oranges.
Uridine 5'-monophosphate
Uridine 5-monophosphate (UMP), also known as uridylic acid or uridylate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphates. These are pyrimidine ribobucleotides with monophosphate group linked to the ribose moiety. UMP consists of a phosphate group, a pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase uracil; hence, it is a ribonucleotide monophosphate. Uridine 5-monophosphate exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. UMP is a nucleotide that is primarily used as a monomer in RNA biosynthesis. Uridine monophosphate is formed from Orotidine 5-monophosphate (orotidylic acid) in a decarboxylation reaction catalyzed by the enzyme orotidylate decarboxylase. Within humans, uridine 5-monophosphate participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, uridine 5-monophosphate can be converted into uridine 5-diphosphate through the action of the enzyme UMP-CMP kinase. In addition, uridine 5-monophosphate can be biosynthesized from uridine 5-diphosphate through its interaction with the enzyme soluble calcium-activated nucleotidase 1. In brain research studies, uridine monophosphate has been used as a convenient delivery compound for uridine. Uridine is present in many foods, mainly in the form of RNA. Non-phosphorylated uridine is not bioavailable beyond first-pass metabolism. In a study, gerbils fed a combination of uridine monophosphate, choline, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were found to have significantly improved performance in running mazes over those not fed the supplements, implying an increase in cognitive function (PMID: 18606862). 5′-UMP. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=58-97-9 (retrieved 2024-07-02) (CAS RN: 58-97-9). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Uridine 5'-monophosphate (5'-?Uridylic acid), a monophosphate form of UTP, can be acquired either from a de novo pathway or degradation products of nucleotides and nucleic acids in vivo and is a major nucleotide analogue in mammalian milk[1]. Uridine 5'-monophosphate (5'-?Uridylic acid), a monophosphate form of UTP, can be acquired either from a de novo pathway or degradation products of nucleotides and nucleic acids in vivo and is a major nucleotide analogue in mammalian milk[1]. Uridine 5'-monophosphate (5'-?Uridylic acid), a monophosphate form of UTP, can be acquired either from a de novo pathway or degradation products of nucleotides and nucleic acids in vivo and is a major nucleotide analogue in mammalian milk[1].
Nitrofurazone
Nitrofurazone is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a topical anti-infective agent effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is used for superficial wounds, burns, ulcers, and skin infections. Nitrofurazone has also been administered orally in the treatment of trypanosomiasis. [PubChem]The exact mechanism of action is unknown. Nitrofurazone inhibits several bacterial enzymes, especially those involved in the aerobic and anaerobic degradation of glucose and pyruvate. This activity is believed also to affect pyruvate dehydrogenase, citrate synthetase, malate dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, and pyruvate decarboxylase. P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P01 - Antiprotozoals > P01C - Agents against leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis > P01CC - Nitrofuran derivatives B - Blood and blood forming organs > B05 - Blood substitutes and perfusion solutions > B05C - Irrigating solutions > B05CA - Antiinfectives D - Dermatologicals > D08 - Antiseptics and disinfectants > D08A - Antiseptics and disinfectants > D08AF - Nitrofuran derivatives D - Dermatologicals > D09 - Medicated dressings > D09A - Medicated dressings > D09AA - Medicated dressings with antiinfectives S - Sensory organs > S02 - Otologicals > S02A - Antiinfectives > S02AA - Antiinfectives C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29698 - Antispasmodic Agent S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01A - Antiinfectives D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents
Gemcitabine
Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analog used as chemotherapy. It is marketed as Gemzar by Eli Lilly and Company. As with fluorouracil and other analogues of pyrimidines, the drug replaces one of the building blocks of nucleic acids, in this case cytidine, during DNA replication. The process arrests tumor growth, as new nucleosides cannot be attached to the faulty nucleoside, resulting in apoptosis (cellular suicide). L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01B - Antimetabolites > L01BC - Pyrimidine analogues C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C272 - Antimetabolite C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C2150 - Ribonucleotide Reductase Inhibitor CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 2603 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2106 D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents Gemcitabine (LY 188011) is a pyrimidine nucleoside analog antimetabolite and an antineoplastic agent. Gemcitabine inhibits DNA synthesis and repair, resulting in autophagyand apoptosis[1][2].
temephos
D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals
Capecitabine
Capecitabine is an orally-administered chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of metastatic breast and colorectal cancers. Capecitabine is a prodrug, that is enzymatically converted to fluorouracil (antimetabolite) in the tumor, where it inhibits DNA synthesis and slows growth of tumor tissue. L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01B - Antimetabolites > L01BC - Pyrimidine analogues C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C272 - Antimetabolite CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 2845 D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents Capecitabine is an oral proagent that is converted to its active metabolite, 5-FU, by thymidine phosphorylase.
methapyrilene
R - Respiratory system > R06 - Antihistamines for systemic use > R06A - Antihistamines for systemic use > R06AC - Substituted ethylene diamines D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D006993 - Hypnotics and Sedatives D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018494 - Histamine Agents > D006633 - Histamine Antagonists C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C29578 - Histamine-1 Receptor Antagonist D018926 - Anti-Allergic Agents
Gambogic acid
Isolated from Gamboge resin (exudate of Garcinia morella). Gambogic acid is found in herbs and spices and fruits. Gambogic acid is found in fruits. Gambogic acid is isolated from Gamboge resin (exudate of Garcinia morella). Gambogic Acid (Beta-Guttiferrin) is derived from the gamboges resin of the tree Garcinia hanburyi. Gambogic Acid (Beta-Guttiferrin) inhibits Bcl-XL, Bcl-2, Bcl-W, Bcl-B, Bfl-1 and Mcl-1 with IC50s of 1.47 μM, 1.21 μM, 2.02 μM, 0.66 μM, 1.06 μM and 0.79 μM. Gambogic Acid (Beta-Guttiferrin) is derived from the gamboges resin of the tree Garcinia hanburyi. Gambogic Acid (Beta-Guttiferrin) inhibits Bcl-XL, Bcl-2, Bcl-W, Bcl-B, Bfl-1 and Mcl-1 with IC50s of 1.47 μM, 1.21 μM, 2.02 μM, 0.66 μM, 1.06 μM and 0.79 μM.
N-NITROSOMORPHOLINE
CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3454 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4127 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8689 D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens
Hydroxyurea
Hydroxyurea is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an antineoplastic agent that inhibits DNA synthesis through the inhibition of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase. [PubChem]Hydroxyurea is converted to a free radical nitroxide (NO) in vivo, and transported by diffusion into cells where it quenches the tyrosyl free radical at the active site of the M2 protein subunit of ribonucleotide reductase, inactivating the enzyme. The entire replicase complex, including ribonucleotide reductase, is inactivated and DNA synthesis is selectively inhibited, producing cell death in S phase and synchronization of the fraction of cells that survive. Repair of DNA damaged by chemicals or irradiation is also inhibited by hydroxyurea, offering potential synergy between hydroxyurea and radiation or alkylating agents. Hydroxyurea also increases the level of fetal hemoglobin, leading to a reduction in the incidence of vasoocclusive crises in sickle cell anemia. Levels of fetal hemoglobin increase in response to activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) by hydroxyurea-derived NO. C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C272 - Antimetabolite L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019384 - Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C2150 - Ribonucleotide Reductase Inhibitor D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D000986 - Antisickling Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents KEIO_ID H104
Hydroquinidine
Same as: D08048 C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy > C01B - Antiarrhythmics, class i and iii > C01BA - Antiarrhythmics, class ia D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D010276 - Parasympatholytics D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.751 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.749 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.745 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.742 Hydroquinidine (Dihydroquinidine) is a derivative of Quinidine (an antiarrhythmic agent). Hydroquinidine prolongs the QT interval and has antiarrhythmic efficacy[1][2][3]. Hydroquinidine (Dihydroquinidine) is a derivative of Quinidine (an antiarrhythmic agent). Hydroquinidine prolongs the QT interval and has antiarrhythmic efficacy[1][2][3].
dGTP
Deoxyguanosine triphosphate (dGTP) is a nucleoside triphosphate, and a nucleotide precursor used in cells for DNA synthesis. dGTP is used in the polymerase chain reaction technique, in sequencing, and in cloning. It is also the competitor of inhibition onset by acyclovir in the treatment of HSV virus. Under normal physiologic conditions, deoxyguanosine (dGuo) undergoes phosphorolysis by purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP, EC 2.4.2.1, an enzyme involved in the recycling of nucleosides and deoxynucleosides in cellular remodeling). However, when PNP is inhibited, deoxycytidine kinase (dCK, EC 2.7.1.74) shunts unmetabolized dGuo into deoxyguanosine triphosphate (dGTP), which accumulates and blocks DNA synthesis. Deficiency of purine nucleoside phosphorylase results in defective T-cell immunity. A correlation between the degree of T cell inhibition and the level of dCK activity has been observed. (PMID:11287638, 402573). Under normal physiologic conditions, deoxyguanosine (dGuo) undergoes phosphorolysis by purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP, EC 2.4.2.1, an enzyme involved in the recycling of nucleosides and deoxynucleosides in cellular remodeling). However, when PNP is inhibited, deoxycytidine kinase (dCK, EC 2.7.1.74) shunts unmetabolized dGuo into deoxyguanosine triphosphate (dGTP), which accumulates and blocks DNA synthesis. Deficiency of purine nucleoside phosphorylase results in defective T-cell immunity. A correlation between the degree of T cell inhibition and the level of dCK activity is observed. (PMID: 11287638, 402573) [HMDB]. dGTP is found in many foods, some of which are jews ear, evergreen huckleberry, cumin, and red algae. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Glycineamideribotide
Glycinamidoribotide conversion to N-formylglycinamide ribonucleotide is the third reaction of the de novo purine biosynthesis, a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme Glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase (EC 2.1.2.2), with concomitant conversion of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate. (PMID: 9143358). Glycineamideribotide formation is stimulated by Luteinizing hormone (LH) and Chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) via activation of Glc-6-P-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49). (PMID: 4366083) [HMDB] Glycinamidoribotide conversion to N-formylglycinamide ribonucleotide is the third reaction of the de novo purine biosynthesis, a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme Glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase (EC 2.1.2.2), with concomitant conversion of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate. (PMID: 9143358). Glycineamideribotide formation is stimulated by Luteinizing hormone (LH) and Chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) via activation of Glc-6-P-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49). (PMID: 4366083).
Lucanthone
Lucanthone is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is one of the schistosomicides, it has been replaced largely by hycanthone and more recently praziquantel. (From Martindale The Extrapharmacopoeia, 30th ed., p46). It is currently being tested as a radiation sensitizer.Recent data suggests that lucanthone inhibits post-radiation DNA repair in tumor cells. The ability of lucanthone to inhibit AP endonuclease and topoisomerase II probably account for the specific DNA repair inhibition in irradiated cells. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000871 - Anthelmintics C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C276 - Antiparasitic Agent > C250 - Antihelminthic Agent
Tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone
The neurosteroid allotetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone (THDOC) is an allosteric modulator of the GABA(A) receptor. Although the role of THDOC within the brain is undefined, recent studies indicate that stress induces THDOC to levels that can activate GABA(A) receptors. These results might have significant implications for human stress-sensitive conditions such as epilepsy, post-traumatic stress disorder and depression. (PMID 12628349) [HMDB] The neurosteroid allotetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone (THDOC) is an allosteric modulator of the GABA(A) receptor. Although the role of THDOC within the brain is undefined, recent studies indicate that stress induces THDOC to levels that can activate GABA(A) receptors. These results might have significant implications for human stress-sensitive conditions such as epilepsy, post-traumatic stress disorder and depression. (PMID 12628349). D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D000777 - Anesthetics D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014151 - Anti-Anxiety Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D000081227 - Neurosteroids 3α,21-Dihydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one (THDOC), an endogenous neurosteroid, is a positive modulator of GABAA receptors. 3α,21-Dihydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one potentiates neuronal response to low concentrations of GABA at α4β1δ GABAA receptors in vitro.
Monobenzone
Monobenzone is the monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone used medically for depigmentation. Monobenzone occurs as a white, almost tasteless crystalline powder, soluble in alcohol and practically insoluble in water. The topical application of monobenzone in animals increases the excretion of melanin from the melanocytes. The same action is thought to be responsible for the depigmenting effect of the drug in humans. Monobenzone may cause destruction of melanocytes and permanent depigmentation. D - Dermatologicals Same as: D05072
Cinobufotalin
Cinobufotalin is a natural product found in Bufo and Bufo bufo with data available. Cinobufotalin is a bufadienolide isolated from toad venom and utilized in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for its cardiotonic, diuretic and hemostatic effects, with potential cytotoxic and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration and although the exact mechanism of action(s) (MoAs) through which this agent exerts its effects have yet to be fully discovered, cinobufotalin causes DNA fragmentation, decreases mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), increases intracellular calcium (Ca2+) ion concentrations and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, upregulates Fas protein and activates cytochrome C, various caspases, Bid and Bax. This causes cell cycle arrest, induces apoptosis and inhibits tumor cell growth and survival. In addition, cinobufotalin inhibits the activity of sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) and induces pro-apoptotic ceramide production, which further promotes tumor cell apoptosis. Cinobufotalin also induces mitochondrial protein cyclophilin D (Cyp-D)-dependent opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), which may contribute to cinobufotalin-induced non-apoptotic death of certain tumor cells. D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002301 - Cardiac Glycosides D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002018 - Bufanolides Cinobufotalin is a cardiotonic steroids or bufadienolides, is extracted from the skin secretions of the giant toads. Cinobufotalin has been used as a cardiotonic, diuretic and a hemostatic agent, Cinobufotalin is also a potential anti-lung cancer agent[1].
Pectolinarigenin
Pectolinarigenin is a dimethoxyflavone that is the 6,4-dimethyl ether derivative of scutellarein. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a dimethoxyflavone and a dihydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to a scutellarein. Pectolinarigenin is a natural product found in Eupatorium cannabinum, Chromolaena odorata, and other organisms with data available. A dimethoxyflavone that is the 6,4-dimethyl ether derivative of scutellarein. Pectolinarigenin, also known as 5,7-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyflavone or 4-methylcapillarisin, is a member of the class of compounds known as 6-o-methylated flavonoids. 6-o-methylated flavonoids are flavonoids with methoxy groups attached to the C6 atom of the flavonoid backbone. Thus, pectolinarigenin is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. Pectolinarigenin is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Pectolinarigenin can be found in sunflower and tarragon, which makes pectolinarigenin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Pectolinarigenin is a Cirsium isolate with anti-inflammatory activity and belongs to the flavones . Pectolinarigenin is a dual inhibitor of COX-2/5-LOX. Anti-inflammatory activity[1]. Pectolinarigenin has potent inhibitory activities on melanogenesis[2]. Pectolinarigenin is a dual inhibitor of COX-2/5-LOX. Anti-inflammatory activity[1]. Pectolinarigenin has potent inhibitory activities on melanogenesis[2]. Pectolinarigenin is a dual inhibitor of COX-2/5-LOX. Anti-inflammatory activity[1]. Pectolinarigenin has potent inhibitory activities on melanogenesis[2].
hydroxyurea
C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C272 - Antimetabolite L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019384 - Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C2150 - Ribonucleotide Reductase Inhibitor D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D000986 - Antisickling Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents
Capecitabine
L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01B - Antimetabolites > L01BC - Pyrimidine analogues C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C272 - Antimetabolite D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2353 INTERNAL_ID 2353; CONFIDENCE standard compound CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2140 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8343 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4129 Capecitabine is an oral proagent that is converted to its active metabolite, 5-FU, by thymidine phosphorylase.
2-Deoxycytidine
C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C272 - Antimetabolite A pyrimidine 2-deoxyribonucleoside having cytosine as the nucleobase. C26170 - Protective Agent > C2459 - Chemoprotective Agent COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.054 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.053 2'-Deoxycytidine, a deoxyribonucleoside, can inhibit biological effects of Bromodeoxyuridine (Brdu). 2'-Deoxycytidine is essential for the synthesis of nucleic acids, that can be used for the research of cancer[1][2]. 2'-Deoxycytidine, a deoxyribonucleoside, could inhibit biological effects of Bromodeoxyuridine (Brdu).
Uridine monophosphate
A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5-monophosphate having uracil as the nucleobase. COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Uridine 5'-monophosphate (5'-?Uridylic acid), a monophosphate form of UTP, can be acquired either from a de novo pathway or degradation products of nucleotides and nucleic acids in vivo and is a major nucleotide analogue in mammalian milk[1]. Uridine 5'-monophosphate (5'-?Uridylic acid), a monophosphate form of UTP, can be acquired either from a de novo pathway or degradation products of nucleotides and nucleic acids in vivo and is a major nucleotide analogue in mammalian milk[1]. Uridine 5'-monophosphate (5'-?Uridylic acid), a monophosphate form of UTP, can be acquired either from a de novo pathway or degradation products of nucleotides and nucleic acids in vivo and is a major nucleotide analogue in mammalian milk[1].
temephos
D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals
Rescinnamine
Rescinnamine is an odorless white to cream colored crystalline powder. (NTP, 1992) Rescinnamine is a methyl ester, an organic heteropentacyclic compound and an indole alkaloid. It has a role as an antihypertensive agent. It derives from a hydride of a yohimban. Rescinnamine is a natural product found in Vinca major, Aspidosperma excelsum, and other organisms with data available. C - Cardiovascular system > C02 - Antihypertensives > C02A - Antiadrenergic agents, centrally acting > C02AA - Rauwolfia alkaloids C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System > C270 - Antihypertensive Agent
2,3-cyclic AMP
Adenosine 2,3-cyclic phosphate is part of the purine metabolism pathway. In this pathway, 2,3-cyclic AMP is reversibly converted to 3-AMP via the enzyme 2,3-cyclic-nucleotide 2-phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.16). (KEGG) [HMDB]
Nitrofurazone
P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P01 - Antiprotozoals > P01C - Agents against leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis > P01CC - Nitrofuran derivatives B - Blood and blood forming organs > B05 - Blood substitutes and perfusion solutions > B05C - Irrigating solutions > B05CA - Antiinfectives D - Dermatologicals > D08 - Antiseptics and disinfectants > D08A - Antiseptics and disinfectants > D08AF - Nitrofuran derivatives D - Dermatologicals > D09 - Medicated dressings > D09A - Medicated dressings > D09AA - Medicated dressings with antiinfectives S - Sensory organs > S02 - Otologicals > S02A - Antiinfectives > S02AA - Antiinfectives C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29698 - Antispasmodic Agent S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01A - Antiinfectives D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1286; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 2678; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 2674 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1286; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 2695; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 2692 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1286; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 2685; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 2682 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1286; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 2680; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 2676 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1286; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 2704; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 2701 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1286; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 2698; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 2695
2-Deoxyadenosine 5-triphosphate
COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
THDOC
D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D000777 - Anesthetics D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014151 - Anti-Anxiety Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D000081227 - Neurosteroids 3α,21-Dihydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one (THDOC), an endogenous neurosteroid, is a positive modulator of GABAA receptors. 3α,21-Dihydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one potentiates neuronal response to low concentrations of GABA at α4β1δ GABAA receptors in vitro.
elatericin A
Cucurbitacin D is an active component in Trichosanthes kirilowii, disrupts interactions between Hsp90 and two co-chaperones, Cdc37 and p23. Cucurbitacin D prevents Hsp90 client (Her2, Raf, Cdk6, pAkt) maturation without induction of the heat shock response. Anti-cancer activity[1]. Cucurbitacin D is an active component in Trichosanthes kirilowii, disrupts interactions between Hsp90 and two co-chaperones, Cdc37 and p23. Cucurbitacin D prevents Hsp90 client (Her2, Raf, Cdk6, pAkt) maturation without induction of the heat shock response. Anti-cancer activity[1].
480-66-0
Phloracetophenone (2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone) is the aglycone part of acetophenone glycoside obtained from Curcuma comosa Roxb, with cholesterol-lowering activity. Phloracetophenone enhances cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) activity[1]. Phloracetophenone stimulats bile secretion mediated through Mrp2[2]. Phloracetophenone (2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone) is the aglycone part of acetophenone glycoside obtained from Curcuma comosa Roxb, with cholesterol-lowering activity. Phloracetophenone enhances cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) activity[1]. Phloracetophenone stimulats bile secretion mediated through Mrp2[2].
520-12-7
Pectolinarigenin is a dual inhibitor of COX-2/5-LOX. Anti-inflammatory activity[1]. Pectolinarigenin has potent inhibitory activities on melanogenesis[2]. Pectolinarigenin is a dual inhibitor of COX-2/5-LOX. Anti-inflammatory activity[1]. Pectolinarigenin has potent inhibitory activities on melanogenesis[2]. Pectolinarigenin is a dual inhibitor of COX-2/5-LOX. Anti-inflammatory activity[1]. Pectolinarigenin has potent inhibitory activities on melanogenesis[2].
Cucurbitacin_D
Cucurbitacin D is a cucurbitacin in which a lanostane skeleton is multi-substituted with hydroxy, methyl and oxo substituents, with unsaturation at positions 5 and 23. It is a cucurbitacin, a secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone and a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone. It derives from a hydride of a lanostane. Cucurbitacin D is a natural product found in Elaeocarpus chinensis, Elaeocarpus hainanensis, and other organisms with data available. A cucurbitacin in which a lanostane skeleton is multi-substituted with hydroxy, methyl and oxo substituents, with unsaturation at positions 5 and 23. Cucurbitacin D is an active component in Trichosanthes kirilowii, disrupts interactions between Hsp90 and two co-chaperones, Cdc37 and p23. Cucurbitacin D prevents Hsp90 client (Her2, Raf, Cdk6, pAkt) maturation without induction of the heat shock response. Anti-cancer activity[1]. Cucurbitacin D is an active component in Trichosanthes kirilowii, disrupts interactions between Hsp90 and two co-chaperones, Cdc37 and p23. Cucurbitacin D prevents Hsp90 client (Her2, Raf, Cdk6, pAkt) maturation without induction of the heat shock response. Anti-cancer activity[1].
Gemcitabine
L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01B - Antimetabolites > L01BC - Pyrimidine analogues C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C272 - Antimetabolite C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C2150 - Ribonucleotide Reductase Inhibitor D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents Gemcitabine (LY 188011) is a pyrimidine nucleoside analog antimetabolite and an antineoplastic agent. Gemcitabine inhibits DNA synthesis and repair, resulting in autophagyand apoptosis[1][2].
N-NITROSOMORPHOLINE
D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens
2-Deoxyguanosine-5-triphosphate
COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
THYMIDINE-5-triphosphATE
A thymidine phosphate having a triphosphate group at the 5-position.
Deoxycytidine 5-monophosphate
A pyrimidine 2-deoxyribonucleoside 5-monophosphate having cytosine as the nucleobase. 2'-Deoxycytidine-5'-monophosphoric acid is an endogenous metabolite. 2'-Deoxycytidine-5'-monophosphoric acid is an endogenous metabolite.
2-Hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone
The simplest member of the class of 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones, that is 1,4-benzoquinone in which a single hydrogen is replaced by a hydroxy group.
methapyrilene
R - Respiratory system > R06 - Antihistamines for systemic use > R06A - Antihistamines for systemic use > R06AC - Substituted ethylene diamines D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D006993 - Hypnotics and Sedatives D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018494 - Histamine Agents > D006633 - Histamine Antagonists C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C29578 - Histamine-1 Receptor Antagonist D018926 - Anti-Allergic Agents
LUCANTHONE
D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000871 - Anthelmintics C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C276 - Antiparasitic Agent > C250 - Antihelminthic Agent
