Gene Association: TIPARP
UniProt Search:
TIPARP (PROTEIN_CODING)
Function Description: TCDD inducible poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase
found 53 associated metabolites with current gene based on the text mining result from the pubmed database.
Niacinamide
Nicotinamide is a white powder. (NTP, 1992) Nicotinamide is a pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group. It has a role as an EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor, a metabolite, a cofactor, an antioxidant, a neuroprotective agent, an EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor, an anti-inflammatory agent, a Sir2 inhibitor, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a mouse metabolite, a human urinary metabolite and a geroprotector. It is a vitamin B3, a pyridinecarboxamide and a pyridine alkaloid. It is functionally related to a nicotinic acid. An important compound functioning as a component of the coenzyme NAD. Its primary significance is in the prevention and/or cure of blacktongue and pellagra. Most animals cannot manufacture this compound in amounts sufficient to prevent nutritional deficiency and it therefore must be supplemented through dietary intake. Niacinamide is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Nicotinamide is a natural product found in Mus musculus, Euonymus grandiflorus, and other organisms with data available. Niacinamide is the active form of vitamin B3 and a component of the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). Niacinamide acts as a chemo- and radio-sensitizing agent by enhancing tumor blood flow, thereby reducing tumor hypoxia. This agent also inhibits poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases, enzymes involved in the rejoining of DNA strand breaks induced by radiation or chemotherapy. Nicotinamide is a uremic toxin. Uremic toxins can be subdivided into three major groups based upon their chemical and physical characteristics: 1) small, water-soluble, non-protein-bound compounds, such as urea; 2) small, lipid-soluble and/or protein-bound compounds, such as the phenols and 3) larger so-called middle-molecules, such as beta2-microglobulin. Chronic exposure of uremic toxins can lead to a number of conditions including renal damage, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. Niacinamide or vitamin B3 is an important compound functioning as a component of the coenzyme NAD. Its primary significance is in the prevention and/or cure of blacktongue and pellagra. Most animals cannot manufacture this compound in amounts sufficient to prevent nutritional deficiency and it therefore must be supplemented through dietary intake. Niacinamide is used to increase the effect of radiation therapy on tumor cells. Niacin (nicotinic acid) and niacinamide, while both labeled as vitamin B3 also have different applications. Niacinamide is useful in arthritis and early-onset type I diabetes while niacin is an effective reducer of high cholesterol levels. Niacinamide is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. An important compound functioning as a component of the coenzyme NAD. Its primary significance is in the prevention and/or cure of blacktongue and PELLAGRA. Most animals cannot manufacture this compound in amounts sufficient to prevent nutritional deficiency and it therefore must be supplemented through dietary intake. See also: Adenosine; Niacinamide (component of); Dapsone; niacinamide (component of); Adenosine; Niacinamide; Titanium Dioxide (component of) ... View More ... Niacinamide, also known as nicotinamide (NAM), is a form of vitamin B3 found in food and used as a dietary supplement and medication. Niacinamide belongs to the class of organic compounds known as nicotinamides. These are heterocyclic aromatic compounds containing a pyridine ring substituted at position 3 by a carboxamide group. Its primary significance is in the prevention and/or cure of blacktongue and pellagra. The structure of nicotinamide consists of a pyridine ring to which a primary amide group is attached in the meta position. It is an amide of nicotinic acid. As an aromatic compound, it undergoes electrophilic substitution reactions and transformations of its two functional groups. Niacinamide and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate can be converted into nicotinic acid mononucleotide and phosphate by the enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase. In humans, niacinamide is involved in the metabolic disorder called the nad+ signalling pathway (cancer). Niacinamide is an odorless tasting compound. Outside of the human body, niacinamide is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as common sages, cow milk, and cocoa beans and in a lower concentration in common pea. Niacinamide has also been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as yardlong beans, roselles, apples, oyster mushrooms, and swiss chards. Niacinamide occurs in trace amounts mainly in meat, fish, nuts, and mushrooms, as well as to a lesser extent in some vegetables. It is commonly added to cereals and other foods. Many multivitamins contain 20–30 mg of vitamin B3 and it is also available in higher doses. Most animals cannot manufacture this compound in amounts sufficient to prevent nutritional deficiency and it therefore must be supplemented through dietary intake. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map, WikiPathways, PDB, Protein Data Bank, clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group. Widespread in plants, e.g. rice, yeast and fungi. Dietary supplement, may be used in infant formulas Nicotinamide. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=98-92-0 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 98-92-0). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Nicotinamide is a form of vitamin B3 or niacin. Nicotinamide Hydrochloride inhibits SIRT2 activity (IC50: 2 μM). Nicotinamide also inhibits SIRT1. Nicotinamide increases cellular NAD+, ATP, ROS levels. Nicotinamide inhibits tumor growth and improves survival. Nicotinamide also has anti-HBV activity[1][2][3][4]. Nicotinamide is a form of vitamin B3 or niacin. Nicotinamide Hydrochloride inhibits SIRT2 activity (IC50: 2 μM). Nicotinamide also inhibits SIRT1. Nicotinamide increases cellular NAD+, ATP, ROS levels. Nicotinamide inhibits tumor growth and improves survival. Nicotinamide also has anti-HBV activity[1][2][3][4]. Nicotinamide is a form of vitamin B3 or niacin. Nicotinamide Hydrochloride inhibits SIRT2 activity (IC50: 2 μM). Nicotinamide also inhibits SIRT1. Nicotinamide increases cellular NAD+, ATP, ROS levels. Nicotinamide inhibits tumor growth and improves survival. Nicotinamide also has anti-HBV activity[1][2][3][4].
Columbamine
Columbamine is a berberine alkaloid and an organic heterotetracyclic compound. Columbamine is a natural product found in Thalictrum podocarpum, Berberis thunbergii, and other organisms with data available.
Azadirachtin
Azadirachtin A is a member of the family of azadirachtins that is isolated from the neem tree (Azadirachta indica). It has a role as a hepatoprotective agent. It is an azadirachtin, an organic heterotetracyclic compound, an acetate ester, an epoxide, an enoate ester, a cyclic hemiketal, a tertiary alcohol, a secondary alcohol and a methyl ester. Azadirachtin is a natural product found in Azadirachta and Azadirachta indica with data available. D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals [Raw Data] CBB03_Azadirachtin_pos_40eV.txt [Raw Data] CBB03_Azadirachtin_pos_10eV.txt [Raw Data] CBB03_Azadirachtin_pos_50eV.txt [Raw Data] CBB03_Azadirachtin_pos_20eV.txt [Raw Data] CBB03_Azadirachtin_pos_30eV.txt
Tiglic acid
Tiglic acid is a monocarboxylic unsaturated organic acid. It is found in croton oil and in several other natural products. It has also been isolated from the defensive secretion of certain beetles. Tiglic acid, also known as tiglate or tiglinsaeure, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as methyl-branched fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an acyl chain that has a methyl branch. Usually, they are saturated and contain only one or more methyl group. However, branches other than methyl may be present. Tiglic acid has a double bond between the second and third carbons of the chain. Tiglic acid and angelic acid form a pair of cis-trans isomers. Tiglic acid is a volatile and crystallizable substance with a sweet, warm, spicy odour. It is used in making perfumes and flavoring agents. The salts and esters of tiglic acid are called tiglates. Tiglic acid is a 2-methylbut-2-enoic acid having its double bond in trans-configuration. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is functionally related to a crotonic acid. Tiglic acid is a natural product found in Aloe africana, Azadirachta indica, and other organisms with data available. See also: Arctium lappa Root (part of); Petasites hybridus root (part of). A branched-chain fatty acid consisting of 2-butenoic acid having a methyl group at position 2. Flavouring ingredient KEIO_ID T016 Tiglic acid is a monocarboxylic unsaturated organic acid found in croton oil and in several other natural products. Tiglic aci has a role as a plant metabolite[1]. Tiglic acid is a monocarboxylic unsaturated organic acid found in croton oil and in several other natural products. Tiglic aci has a role as a plant metabolite[1].
Dimethenamid
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 586; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9010; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9009 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 586; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9035; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9034 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 586; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9091; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9090 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 586; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9115; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9111 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 586; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9100; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9097 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 586; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9054; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9052 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 3391 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8390 D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals
3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid
3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is a rutin metabolite and an antioxidant. It has a protective biological activity in human. It is a substrate of enzyme 4-hydroxyphenylacetate 3-monooxygenase [EC 1.14.13.3] in the pathway tyrosine metabolism (KEGG, PMID 155437). 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is found to be associated with phenylketonuria, which is an inborn error of metabolism. It is also a marker of gut Clostridium species. Higher levels are associated with higher levels of Clostridia (PMID: 27123458). 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid can also be found in Klebsiella (PMID: 1851804). 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is a rutin metabolite and an antioxidant. It has a protective biological activity in human. It is a substrate of enzyme 4-hydroxyphenylacetate 3-monooxygenase [EC 1.14.13.3] in the pathway tyrosine metabolism. (KEGG, PMID 155437) [HMDB] CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 156 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 45 COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is an endogenous metabolite.
Adenosine diphosphate
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP), also known as adenosine pyrophosphate (APP), is an important organic compound in metabolism and is essential to the flow of energy in living cells. ADP consists of three important structural components: a sugar backbone attached to adenine and two phosphate groups bonded to the 5 carbon atom of ribose. The diphosphate group of ADP is attached to the 5’ carbon of the sugar backbone, while the adenine attaches to the 1’ carbon. ADP belongs to the class of organic compounds known as purine ribonucleoside diphosphates. These are purine ribobucleotides with diphosphate group linked to the ribose moiety. It is an ester of pyrophosphoric acid with the nucleotide adenine. Adenosine diphosphate is a nucleotide. ADP exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, ADP is involved in d4-gdi signaling pathway. ADP is the product of ATP dephosphorylation by ATPases. ADP is converted back to ATP by ATP synthases. ADP consists of the pyrophosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase adenine. Adenosine diphosphate, abbreviated ADP, is a nucleotide. It is an ester of pyrophosphoric acid with the nucleotide adenine. ADP consists of the pyrophosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase adenine. 5′-ADP. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=58-64-0 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 58-64-0). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Adenosine 5'-diphosphate (Adenosine diphosphate) is a nucleoside diphosphate. Adenosine 5'-diphosphate is the product of ATP dephosphorylation by ATPases. Adenosine 5'-diphosphate induces human platelet aggregation and inhibits stimulated adenylate cyclase by an action at P2T-purinoceptors. Adenosine 5'-diphosphate (Adenosine diphosphate) is a nucleoside diphosphate. Adenosine 5'-diphosphate is the product of ATP dephosphorylation by ATPases. Adenosine 5'-diphosphate induces human platelet aggregation and inhibits stimulated adenylate cyclase by an action at P2T-purinoceptors.
1,4-Dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid
1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate, also known as 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthalenecarboxylic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as naphthalenecarboxylic acids. Naphthalenecarboxylic acids are compounds containing a naphthalene moiety, which bears a carboxylic acid group one or more positions. Naphthalene is a bicyclic compound that is made up of two fused benzene ring. 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate is practically insoluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate can be synthesized from 2-naphthoic acid. 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate can also be synthesized into 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA. 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate can be found in a number of food items such as rowal, cinnamon, breadfruit, and horseradish, which makes 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
(±)-Fenarimol
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1087; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX503; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9386; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9383 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1087; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX499; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4478; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4475 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1087; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9454; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9451 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1087; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4990; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4987 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1087; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4961; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4959 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1087; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX499; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4563; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4561 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1087; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9431; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9426 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1087; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4978; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4977 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1087; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9464; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9462 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1087; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9492; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9490 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1087; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9499; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9498 (±)-Fenarimol is an Agricultural and horticultural fungicide. Agricultural and horticultural fungicide D016573 - Agrochemicals D010575 - Pesticides
Carprofen
Carprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is used by veterinarians as a supportive treatment for the relief of arthritic symptoms in geriatric dogs. Carprofen was previously used in human medicine for over 10 years (1985-1995). It was generally well tolerated, with the majority of adverse effects being mild, such as gastro-intestinal pain and nausea, similar to those recorded with aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. It is no longer marketed for human usage, after being withdrawn on commercial grounds. [Wikipedia] C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents > D017319 - Photosensitizing Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents D003879 - Dermatologic Agents Carprofen is a nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agent, acts as a multi-target FAAH/COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 3.9 μM, 22.3 μM and 78.6 μM for COX-2, COX-1 and FAAH, respectively.
Aflatoxin M1
D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D009183 - Mycotoxins D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D000348 - Aflatoxins
Flunisolide
Flunisolide is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a corticosteroid often prescribed as treatment for allergic rhinitis.Flunisolide is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist. The antiinflammatory actions of corticosteroids are thought to involve lipocortins, phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins which, through inhibition arachidonic acid, control the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The immune system is suppressed by corticosteroids due to a decrease in the function of the lymphatic system, a reduction in immunoglobulin and complement concentrations, the precipitation of lymphocytopenia, and interference with antigen-antibody binding. Flunisolide binds to plasma transcortin, and it becomes active when it is not bound to transcortin. R - Respiratory system > R03 - Drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03B - Other drugs for obstructive airway diseases, inhalants > R03BA - Glucocorticoids R - Respiratory system > R01 - Nasal preparations > R01A - Decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use > R01AD - Corticosteroids C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C211 - Therapeutic Corticosteroid D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2812 D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents
2,6-Dimethylaniline
2,6-Dimethylaniline is a metabolite of lidocaine. Lidocaine, Xylocaine, or lignocaine is a common local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic drug. Lidocaine is used topically to relieve itching, burning and pain from skin inflammations, injected as a dental anesthetic or as a local anesthetic for minor surgery. (Wikipedia) CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 73 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4146 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8824 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8098 KEIO_ID D178
O-Toluidine
O-toluidine, also known as 2-aminotoluene or 1-amino-2-methylbenzene, is a member of the class of compounds known as aminotoluenes. Aminotoluenes are organic aromatic compounds containing a benzene that carries a single methyl group and one amino group. O-toluidine is soluble (in water) and a strong basic compound (based on its pKa). O-toluidine can be found in tea, which makes O-toluidine a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. O-toluidine is formally rated as a carcinogenic (IARC 1) potentially toxic compound. The chemical properties of the toluidines are quite similar to those of aniline, and toluidines have properties in common with other aromatic amines. Due to the amino group bonded to the aromatic ring, the toluidines are weakly basic. The toluidines are poorly soluble in pure water but dissolve well in acidic water due to formation of ammonium salts, as usual for organic amines. ortho- and meta-toluidines are viscous liquids, but para-toluidine is a flaky solid. This difference is related to the fact that the p-toluidine molecules are more symmetrical. p-Toluidine can be obtained from reduction of p-nitrotoluene. p-Toluidine reacts with formaldehyde to form Trögers base . The chemical properties of the toluidines are quite similar to those of aniline and toluidines have properties in common with other aromatic amines. Due to the amino group bonded to the aromatic ring, the toluidines are weakly basic. None of the toluidines is very soluble in pure water, but will become soluble if the aqueous solution is acidic due to formation of ammonium salts, as usual for organic amines. At room temperature and pressure, ortho- and meta-toluidines are viscous liquids, but para-toluidine is a flaky solid. This can be explained by the fact that the p-toluidine molecules are more symmetrical and fit into a crystalline structure more easily. p-Toluidine can be obtained from reduction of p-nitrotoluene. p-Toluidine reacts with formaldehyde to form Trogers base. CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 72
N-METHYLANILINE
N-methylaniline, also known as methylphenylamine or N-methylbenzenamine, is a member of the class of compounds known as phenylalkylamines. Phenylalkylamines are organic amines where the amine group is secondary and linked on one end to a phenyl group and on the other end, to an alkyl group. N-methylaniline is soluble (in water) and a strong basic compound (based on its pKa). N-methylaniline can be found in a number of food items such as carrot, wild carrot, orange bell pepper, and red bell pepper, which makes N-methylaniline a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. N-Methylaniline (NMA) is an aniline derivative. It is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5NH(CH3). The substance exists as a colorless or slightly yellow viscous liquid and turns brown when exposed to air. The chemical is insoluble in water. It is used as a latent and coupling solvent and is also used as an intermediate for dyes, agrochemicals and other organic products manufacturing. NMA is toxic and exposure can cause damage to the central nervous system and can also cause liver and kidney failure . CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8126 KEIO_ID M066
Nadide
[Spectral] NAD+ (exact mass = 663.10912) and 3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (exact mass = 197.06881) and Cytidine (exact mass = 243.08552) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. [Spectral] NAD+ (exact mass = 663.10912) and NADP+ (exact mass = 743.07545) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Adenosine diphosphate ribose
Adenosine diphosphate ribose is a molecule formed into poly(ADP-ribose) or PAR chains by the enzyme poly ADP ribose polymerase or PARP. PARP is found in every cell nucleus. Its main role is to detect and signal single-strand DNA breaks (SSB) to the enzymatic machinery involved in the SSB repair. PARP activation is an immediate cellular response to metabolic, chemical, or radiation-induced DNA SSB damage. Once PARP detects a SSB, it binds to the DNA, and, after a structural change, begins the synthesis of a poly (ADP-ribose) chain (PAR) as a signal for the other DNA-repairing enzymes such as DNA ligase III (LigIII), DNA polymerase beta, and scaffolding proteins such as X-ray cross-complementing gene 1 (XRCC1). After repairing, the PAR chains are degraded via PAR glycohydrolase (PARG). ADP-ribose binds to and activates the TRPM2 ion channel. Adenosine diphosphate ribose is an intermediate in NAD metabolism. The enzyme NAD(P)+ nucleosidase [EC:3.2.2.6] catalyzes the production of this metabolite from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. This reaction is irreversible and occurs in the cytosol. Adenosine diphosphate ribose is a molecule formed into chains by the enzyme poly ADP ribose polymerase. COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
ADP-D-ribose
A nucleotide-sugar having ADP as the nucleotide fragment and D-ribofuranos-5-yl as the sugar component. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Nicotinamide riboside
Nicotinamide riboside is involved in nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. Nicotinamide riboside was originally identified as a nutrient in milk. It is a useful compound for the elevation of NAD+ levels in humans. Nicotinamide riboside has recently been discovered to be an NAD(+) precursor that is converted into nicotinamide mononucleotide by specific nicotinamide riboside kinases, Nrk1 and Nrk2. It has been shown that exogenous nicotinamide riboside promotes Sir2-dependent repression of recombination, improves gene silencing, and extends the lifespan of certain animal models without calorie restriction (PMID: 17482543). Supplementation in mammalian cells and mouse tissues increases NAD(+) levels and activates SIRT1 and SIRT3, culminating in enhanced oxidative metabolism and protection against high-fat diet-induced metabolic abnormalities (PMID: 22682224). Recent data suggest that nicotinamide riboside may be the only vitamin precursor that supports neuronal NAD+ synthesis (PMID: 18429699). Nicotinamide riboside kinase has an essential role in the phosphorylation of nicotinamide riboside and the cancer drug tiazofurin (PMID: 15137942). Nicotinamide riboside is involved in nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. Nicotinamide riboside has been identified as a nutrient in milk. It is a useful compound for elevation of NAD+ levels in humans. Recent data suggest that nicotinamide riboside may be the only vitamin precursor that supports neuronal NAD+ synthesis (PMID: 18429699). Nicotinamide riboside kinase has an essential role for phosphorylation of nicotinamide riboside and the cancer drug tiazofurin (PMID 15137942). [HMDB] COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials, COVID-19 Disease Map C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
D009676 - Noxae > D013723 - Teratogens > D000072317 - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins D004785 - Environmental Pollutants
o-Toluidine
D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens
Azadirachtin
3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid
A monocarboxylic acid that is phenylacetic acid in which the hydrogen at position 3 on the benzene ring is replaced by a hydroxy group. COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is an endogenous metabolite.
Tiglic acid
A 2-methylbut-2-enoic acid having its double bond in trans-configuration. Tiglic acid is a monocarboxylic unsaturated organic acid found in croton oil and in several other natural products. Tiglic aci has a role as a plant metabolite[1]. Tiglic acid is a monocarboxylic unsaturated organic acid found in croton oil and in several other natural products. Tiglic aci has a role as a plant metabolite[1].
Dimethenamid
D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 254
Adenosine diphosphate
COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map, PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Adenosine 5'-diphosphate (Adenosine diphosphate) is a nucleoside diphosphate. Adenosine 5'-diphosphate is the product of ATP dephosphorylation by ATPases. Adenosine 5'-diphosphate induces human platelet aggregation and inhibits stimulated adenylate cyclase by an action at P2T-purinoceptors. Adenosine 5'-diphosphate (Adenosine diphosphate) is a nucleoside diphosphate. Adenosine 5'-diphosphate is the product of ATP dephosphorylation by ATPases. Adenosine 5'-diphosphate induces human platelet aggregation and inhibits stimulated adenylate cyclase by an action at P2T-purinoceptors.
AFLATOXIN M1
A member of the class of aflatoxins that is aflatoxin B1 in which the hydrogen at position 9a is replaced by a hydroxy group. D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D009183 - Mycotoxins D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D000348 - Aflatoxins CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1)
FENARIMOL
D016573 - Agrochemicals D010575 - Pesticides
Pelmin
COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map, WikiPathways, PDB, Protein Data Bank, clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A11 - Vitamins C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Nicotinamide is a form of vitamin B3 or niacin. Nicotinamide Hydrochloride inhibits SIRT2 activity (IC50: 2 μM). Nicotinamide also inhibits SIRT1. Nicotinamide increases cellular NAD+, ATP, ROS levels. Nicotinamide inhibits tumor growth and improves survival. Nicotinamide also has anti-HBV activity[1][2][3][4]. Nicotinamide is a form of vitamin B3 or niacin. Nicotinamide Hydrochloride inhibits SIRT2 activity (IC50: 2 μM). Nicotinamide also inhibits SIRT1. Nicotinamide increases cellular NAD+, ATP, ROS levels. Nicotinamide inhibits tumor growth and improves survival. Nicotinamide also has anti-HBV activity[1][2][3][4]. Nicotinamide is a form of vitamin B3 or niacin. Nicotinamide Hydrochloride inhibits SIRT2 activity (IC50: 2 μM). Nicotinamide also inhibits SIRT1. Nicotinamide increases cellular NAD+, ATP, ROS levels. Nicotinamide inhibits tumor growth and improves survival. Nicotinamide also has anti-HBV activity[1][2][3][4].
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
D009676 - Noxae > D013723 - Teratogens > D000072317 - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins D004785 - Environmental Pollutants
carprofen
C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents > D017319 - Photosensitizing Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents D003879 - Dermatologic Agents Carprofen is a nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agent, acts as a multi-target FAAH/COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 3.9 μM, 22.3 μM and 78.6 μM for COX-2, COX-1 and FAAH, respectively.
FLUNISOLIDE
R - Respiratory system > R03 - Drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03B - Other drugs for obstructive airway diseases, inhalants > R03BA - Glucocorticoids R - Respiratory system > R01 - Nasal preparations > R01A - Decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use > R01AD - Corticosteroids C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C211 - Therapeutic Corticosteroid D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents
NICOTINAMIDE-adenine-dinucleotide
COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Nicotinamide riboside
COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials, COVID-19 Disease Map C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
1,4-Dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid
A naphthoic acid that is 2-naphthoic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 4.
ADP-Ribose
COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
L-Serine O-sulfate
A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is the O-sulfo derivative of L-serine.
