Gene Association: CASP4
UniProt Search:
CASP4 (PROTEIN_CODING)
Function Description: caspase 4
found 51 associated metabolites with current gene based on the text mining result from the pubmed database.
Bufalin
Bufalin is a cardiotonic steroid toxin[1] originally isolated from Chinese toad venom, which is a component of some traditional Chinese medicines.[2][3] Bufalin has in vitro antitumor effects against various malignant cell lines, including hepatocellular[4] and lung carcinoma.[5] However, as with other bufadienolides, its potential use is hampered by its cardiotoxicity.[6] Bufalin is a 14beta-hydroxy steroid that is bufan-20,22-dienolide having hydroxy substituents at the 5beta- and 14beta-positions. It has been isolated from the skin of the toad Bufo bufo. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, a cardiotonic drug, an anti-inflammatory agent and an animal metabolite. It is a 3beta-hydroxy steroid and a 14beta-hydroxy steroid. It is functionally related to a bufanolide. Bufalin is a natural product found in Cunninghamella blakesleeana, Bufo gargarizans, and other organisms with data available. Bufalin is an active ingredient and one of the glycosides in the traditional Chinese medicine ChanSu; it is also a bufadienolide toxin originally isolated from the venom of the Chinese toad Bufo gargarizans, with potential cardiotonic and antineoplastic activity. Although the mechanism of action of bufalin is still under investigation, this agent is a specific Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor and can induce apoptosis in cancer cell lines through the activation of the transcription factor AP-1 via a mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. A 14beta-hydroxy steroid that is bufan-20,22-dienolide having hydroxy substituents at the 5beta- and 14beta-positions. It has been isolated from the skin of the toad Bufo bufo. Bufalin is an active component isolated from Chan Su, acts as a potent Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor, binds to the subunit α1, α2 and α3, with Kd of 42.5, 45 and 40 nM, respectively[1][2]. Anti-cancer activity[2]. Bufalin is an active component isolated from Chan Su, acts as a potent Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor, binds to the subunit α1, α2 and α3, with Kd of 42.5, 45 and 40 nM, respectively[1][2]. Anti-cancer activity[2].
(-)-dehydrocostus lactone
Dehydrocostus lactone is an organic heterotricyclic compound and guaianolide sesquiterpene lactone that is acrylic acid which is substituted at position 2 by a 4-hydroxy-3,8-bis(methylene)decahydoazulen-5-yl group and in which the hydroxy group and the carboxy group have undergone formal condensation to afford the corresponding gamma-lactone. It has a role as a metabolite, a trypanocidal drug, an antineoplastic agent, a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, an antimycobacterial drug and an apoptosis inducer. It is a sesquiterpene lactone, a guaiane sesquiterpenoid, an organic heterotricyclic compound and a gamma-lactone. Dehydrocostus lactone is a natural product found in Marshallia obovata, Cirsium carolinianum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Arctium lappa Root (part of). An organic heterotricyclic compound and guaianolide sesquiterpene lactone that is acrylic acid which is substituted at position 2 by a 4-hydroxy-3,8-bis(methylene)decahydoazulen-5-yl group and in which the hydroxy group and the carboxy group have undergone formal condensation to afford the corresponding gamma-lactone. CONFIDENCE standard compound; ML_ID 36 Dehydrocostus Lactone is a major sesquiterpene lactone isolated from the roots of Saussurea costus. IC50 value: Target: In vitro: Dehydrocostus Lactone promoted apoptosis with increased activation of caspases 8, 9, 7, 3, enhanced PARP cleavage, decreased Bcl-xL expression and increased levels of Bax, Bak, Bok, Bik, Bmf, and t-Bid. We have demonstrated that Dehydrocostus Lactone inhibits cell growth and induce apoptosis in DU145 cells [1]. Dehydrocostus Lactone inhibits NF-kappaB activation by preventing TNF-alpha-induced degradation and phosphorylation of its inhibitory protein I-kappaB alpha in human leukemia HL-60 cells and that dehydrocostus lactone renders HL-60 cells susceptible to TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis by enhancing caspase-8 and caspase-3 activities [2]. Dehydrocostus Lactone inhibited the production of NO in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cells by suppressing inducible nitric oxide synthase enzyme expression. In vivo: Dehydrocostus Lactone decreased the TNF-alpha level in LPS-activated systems in vivo [3]. Dehydrocostus Lactone is a major sesquiterpene lactone isolated from the roots of Saussurea costus. IC50 value: Target: In vitro: Dehydrocostus Lactone promoted apoptosis with increased activation of caspases 8, 9, 7, 3, enhanced PARP cleavage, decreased Bcl-xL expression and increased levels of Bax, Bak, Bok, Bik, Bmf, and t-Bid. We have demonstrated that Dehydrocostus Lactone inhibits cell growth and induce apoptosis in DU145 cells [1]. Dehydrocostus Lactone inhibits NF-kappaB activation by preventing TNF-alpha-induced degradation and phosphorylation of its inhibitory protein I-kappaB alpha in human leukemia HL-60 cells and that dehydrocostus lactone renders HL-60 cells susceptible to TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis by enhancing caspase-8 and caspase-3 activities [2]. Dehydrocostus Lactone inhibited the production of NO in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cells by suppressing inducible nitric oxide synthase enzyme expression. In vivo: Dehydrocostus Lactone decreased the TNF-alpha level in LPS-activated systems in vivo [3].
Capsaicin
Capsaicin is a capsaicinoid. It has a role as a non-narcotic analgesic, a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker and a TRPV1 agonist. Capsaicin is most often used as a topical analgesic and exists in many formulations of cream, liquid, and patch preparations of various strengths; however, it may also be found in some dietary supplements. Capsaicin is a naturally-occurring botanical irritant in chili peppers, synthetically derived for pharmaceutical formulations. The most recent capsaicin FDA approval was Qutenza, an 8\\\\\\% capsaicin patch dermal-delivery system, indicated for neuropathic pain associated with post-herpetic neuralgia. Capsaicin is a natural product found in Capsicum pubescens, Capsicum, and Capsicum annuum with data available. Capsaicin is a chili pepper extract with analgesic properties. Capsaicin is a neuropeptide releasing agent selective for primary sensory peripheral neurons. Used topically, capsaicin aids in controlling peripheral nerve pain. This agent has been used experimentally to manipulate substance P and other tachykinins. In addition, capsaicin may be useful in controlling chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced mucositis. Capsaicin is identified as the primary pungent principle in Capsicum fruits. Hot chili peppers that belong to the plant genus Capsicum (family Solanaceae) are among the most heavily consumed spices throughout the world. The capsaicin content of green and red peppers ranges from 0.1 to 1\\\\\\%. Capsaicin evokes numerous biological effects and thus has been the target of extensive., investigations since its initial identification in 1919. One of the most recognized physiological properties of capsaicin is its selective effects on the peripheral part of the sensory nervous system, particularly on the primary afferent neurons. The compound is known to deplete the neurotransmitter of painful impulses known as substance P from the sensory nerve terminals, which provides a rationale for its use as a versatile experimental tool for studying pain mechanisms and also for pharmacotherapy to treat some peripheral painful states, such as rheumatoid arthritis, post-herpetic neuralgia, post-mastectomy pain syndrome and diabetic neuropathy. Considering the frequent consumption of capsaicin as a food additive and its current therapeutic application, correct assessment of any harmful effects of this compound is important from the public health standpoint. Ingestion of large amounts of capsaicin has been reported to cause histopathological and biochemical changes, including erosion of gastric mucosa and hepatic necrosis. However, there are contradictory data on the mutagenicity of capsaicin. A recent epidemiological study conducted in Mexico revealed that consumers of chili pepper were at higher risk for gastric cancer than non-consumers. However, it remains unclear whether capsaicin present in hot chili pepper is a major causative factor in the aetiology of gastric cancer in humans. A growing number of recent studies have focused on anticarcinogenic or antimutagenic phytochemicals, particularly those included in human diet. In summary, capsaicin has dual effects on chemically induced carcinogenesis and mutagenesis. Although a minute amount of capsaicin displays few or no deleterious effects, heavy ingestion of the compound has been associated with necrosis, ulceration and even carcinogenesis. Capsaicin is considered to be metabolized by cytochrome P-450-dependent mixed-function oxidases to reactive species. (A7835). An alkylamide found in CAPSICUM that acts at TRPV CATION CHANNELS. See also: Capsicum (part of); Capsicum Oleoresin (active moiety of); Paprika (part of) ... View More ... Capsaicin is identified as the primary pungent principle in Capsicum fruits. Hot chili peppers that belong to the plant genus Capsicum (family Solanaceae) are among the most heavily consumed spices throughout the world. The capsaicin content of green and red peppers ranges from 0.1 to 1\\\\\\%. Capsaicin evokes numerous biological effects and thus has been the target of extensive., investigations since its initial identification in 1919. One of the most recognized physiological properties of capsaicin is its selective effects on the peripheral part of the sensory nervous system, particularly on the primary afferent neurons. The compound is known to deplete the neurotransmitter of painful impulses known as substance P from the sensory nerve terminals, which provides a rationale for its use as a versatile experimental tool for studying pain mechanisms and also for pharmacotherapy to treat some peripheral painful states, such as rheumatoid arthritis, post-herpetic neuralgia, post-mastectomy pain syndrome and diabetic neuropathy. Considering the frequent consumption of capsaicin as a food additive and its current therapeutic application, correct assessment of any harmful effects of this compound is important from the public health standpoint. Ingestion of large amounts of capsaicin has been reported to cause histopathological and biochemical changes, including erosion of gastric mucosa and hepatic necrosis. However, there are contradictory data on the mutagenicity of capsaicin. A recent epidemiological study conducted in Mexico revealed that consumers of chili pepper were at higher risk for gastric cancer than non-consumers. However, it remains unclear whether capsaicin present in hot chili pepper is a major causative factor in the aetiology of gastric cancer in humans. A growing number of recent studies have focused on anticarcinogenic or antimutagenic phytochemicals, particularly those included in human diet. In summary, capsaicin has dual effects on chemically induced carcinogenesis and mutagenesis. Although a minute amount of capsaicin displays few or no deleterious effects, heavy ingestion of the compound has been associated with necrosis, ulceration and even carcinogenesis. Capsaicin is considered to be metabolized by cytochrome P-450-dependent mixed-function oxidases to reactive species. (PMID: 8621114). M - Musculo-skeletal system > M02 - Topical products for joint and muscular pain > M02A - Topical products for joint and muscular pain > M02AB - Capsaicin and similar agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic Flavouring ingredient. Pungent principle of various Capsicum subspecies (Solanaceae) D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents N - Nervous system > N01 - Anesthetics > N01B - Anesthetics, local D003879 - Dermatologic Agents > D000982 - Antipruritics Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.208 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.207 Capsaicin ((E)-Capsaicin), an active component of chili peppers, is a TRPV1 agonist. Capsaicin has pain relief, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotection and anti-cancer effects[1][2]. Capsaicin ((E)-Capsaicin), an active component of chili peppers, is a TRPV1 agonist. Capsaicin has pain relief, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotection and anti-cancer effects[1][2]. Capsaicinoid is a mixture of Capsaicin and Dihydrocapsaicin. Capsaicinoid is an capsaicin receptor (TRPV1) agonist[1][2]. Capsaicinoid is a mixture of Capsaicin and Dihydrocapsaicin. Capsaicinoid is an capsaicin receptor (TRPV1) agonist[1][2].
Ruscogenin
Ruscogenin is a triterpenoid. Ruscogenin is a natural product found in Cordyline rubra, Cordyline banksii, and other organisms with data available. Ruscogenin, an important steroid sapogenin derived from Ophiopogon japonicus, attenuates cerebral ischemia-induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction by suppressing TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the MAPK pathway. Ruscogenin exerts significant anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic activities. Ruscogenin has orally bioactivity[1][2]. Ruscogenin, an important steroid sapogenin derived from Ophiopogon japonicus, attenuates cerebral ischemia-induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction by suppressing TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the MAPK pathway. Ruscogenin exerts significant anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic activities. Ruscogenin has orally bioactivity[1][2].
Dendrobine
Dendrobine is a member of indoles. Dendroban-12-one is a natural product found in Dendrobium chrysanthum, Dendrobium linawianum, and Dendrobium nobile with data available. Dendrobine is an alkaloid isolated from Dendrobium nobile. Dendrobine possesses antiviral activity against influenza A viruses, with IC50s of 3.39 μM, 2.16 μM and 5.32 μM for A/FM-1/1/47 (H1N1), A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H274Y (H1N1) and A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2), respectively[1]. Dendrobine is an alkaloid isolated from Dendrobium nobile. Dendrobine possesses antiviral activity against influenza A viruses, with IC50s of 3.39 μM, 2.16 μM and 5.32 μM for A/FM-1/1/47 (H1N1), A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H274Y (H1N1) and A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2), respectively[1].
Dihydrocapsaicin
Dihydrocapsaicin is found in pepper (C. annuum). It is a potential nutriceutical. Dihydrocapsaicin is a capsaicinoid and analog and congener of capsaicin in chili peppers (Capsicum). Like capsaicin it is an irritant. Dihydrocapsaicin accounts for about 22\\\\\% of the total capsaicinoids mixture and has about the same pungency as capsaicin. Pure dihydrocapsaicin is a lipophilic colorless odorless crystalline to waxy compound. It is soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide and 100 \\\\\% ethanol. Dihydrocapsaicin is a capsaicinoid. Dihydrocapsaicin is a natural product found in Capsicum pubescens, Capsicum annuum, and Ganoderma lucidum with data available. See also: Capsicum (part of); Paprika (part of); Habanero (part of) ... View More ... Potential nutriceutical Dihydrocapsaicin, a capsaicin, is a potent and selective TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1) agonist. Dihydrocapsaicin reduces AIF, Bax, and Caspase-3 expressions, and increased Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and p-Akt levels. Dihydrocapsaicin enhances the hypothermia-induced neuroprotection following ischemic stroke via PI3K/Akt regulation in rat[1][2][3]. Dihydrocapsaicin, a capsaicin, is a potent and selective TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1) agonist. Dihydrocapsaicin reduces AIF, Bax, and Caspase-3 expressions, and increased Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and p-Akt levels. Dihydrocapsaicin enhances the hypothermia-induced neuroprotection following ischemic stroke via PI3K/Akt regulation in rat[1][2][3]. Dihydrocapsaicin, a capsaicin, is a potent and selective TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1) agonist. Dihydrocapsaicin reduces AIF, Bax, and Caspase-3 expressions, and increased Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and p-Akt levels. Dihydrocapsaicin enhances the hypothermia-induced neuroprotection following ischemic stroke via PI3K/Akt regulation in rat[1][2][3].
Asperuloside
Asperuloside is a iridoid monoterpenoid glycoside isolated from Galium verum. It has a role as a metabolite. It is an iridoid monoterpenoid, a beta-D-glucoside, a monosaccharide derivative, an acetate ester and a gamma-lactone. Asperuloside is a natural product found in Lasianthus curtisii, Galium spurium, and other organisms with data available. See also: Galium aparine whole (part of). A iridoid monoterpenoid glycoside isolated from Galium verum. Asperuloside is an iridoid isolated from Hedyotis diffusa, with anti-inflammatory activity. Asperuloside inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), suppresses NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways[1]. Asperuloside is an iridoid isolated from Hedyotis diffusa, with anti-inflammatory activity. Asperuloside inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), suppresses NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways[1].
Pristimerin
Pristimerin is a carboxylic ester. Pristimerin is a quinone methide triterpenoid researched for its anti-cancer potential. Pristimerin is a natural product found in Reissantia buchananii, Crossopetalum gaumeri, and other organisms with data available. Pristimerin is a potent and reversible monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) inhibitor with an IC50 of 93 nM. Pristimerin is a potent and reversible monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) inhibitor with an IC50 of 93 nM. Pristimerin is a potent and reversible monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) inhibitor with an IC50 of 93 nM.
disulfiram
P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P03 - Ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides, insecticides and repellents > P03A - Ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides > P03AA - Sulfur containing products N - Nervous system > N07 - Other nervous system drugs > N07B - Drugs used in addictive disorders > N07BB - Drugs used in alcohol dependence C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C163758 - Targeted Therapy Agent > C2160 - Proteasome Inhibitor COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065086 - Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase Inhibitors D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000427 - Alcohol Deterrents C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C1742 - Angiogenesis Inhibitor C1744 - Multidrug Resistance Modulator C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Disulfiram (Tetraethylthiuram disulfide) is a specific inhibitor of?aldehyde-dehydrogenase (ALDH1), used for the treatment of chronic alcoholism by producing an acute sensitivity to alcohol. Disulfiram inhibits gasdermin D (GSDMD) pore formation in liposomes and inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis and IL-1β secretion in human and mouse cells. Disulfiram, a copper ion carrier,?with?Cu2+ increases intracellular ROS levels and induces cuproptosis[1][2][3][4][5][6].
Cytisine
N - Nervous system > N07 - Other nervous system drugs > N07B - Drugs used in addictive disorders > N07BA - Drugs used in nicotine dependence C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47796 - Cholinergic Agonist > C73579 - Nicotinic Agonist relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.054 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.052 Cytisinicline (Cytisine) is an alkaloid. Cytisinicline (Cytisine) is a partial agonist of α4β2 nAChRs[1], and partial to full agonist at β4 containing receptors and α7 receptors[2]. Has been used medically to help with smoking cessation[3]. Cytisinicline (Cytisine) is an alkaloid. Cytisinicline (Cytisine) is a partial agonist of α4β2 nAChRs[1], and partial to full agonist at β4 containing receptors and α7 receptors[2]. Has been used medically to help with smoking cessation[3]. Cytisinicline (Cytisine) is an alkaloid. Cytisinicline (Cytisine) is a partial agonist of α4β2 nAChRs[1], and partial to full agonist at β4 containing receptors and α7 receptors[2]. Has been used medically to help with smoking cessation[3].
Valdecoxib
Valdecoxib is a prescription drug used in the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and painful menstruation and menstrual symptoms. It is classified as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, or NSAID, and should not be taken by anyone allergic to these types of medications. [HMDB] Valdecoxib is a prescription drug used in the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and painful menstruation and menstrual symptoms. It is classified as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, or NSAID, and should not be taken by anyone allergic to these types of medications. M - Musculo-skeletal system > M01 - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products > M01A - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids > M01AH - Coxibs D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors > D052246 - Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1323 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents
Esmolol
Esmolol (trade name Brevibloc) is a cardioselective beta1 receptor blocker with rapid onset, a very short duration of action, and no significant intrinsic sympathomimetic or membrane stabilising activity at therapeutic dosages. Esmolol decreases the force and rate of heart contractions by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors of the sympathetic nervous system, which are found in the heart and other organs of the body. Esmolol prevents the action of two naturally occurring substances: epinephrine and norepinephrine. C - Cardiovascular system > C07 - Beta blocking agents > C07A - Beta blocking agents > C07AB - Beta blocking agents, selective C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C72900 - Adrenergic Antagonist D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D018674 - Adrenergic Antagonists
Benzenebutanoic acid
Benzenebutanoic acid (also known as 4-phenylbutyrate, or 4-PBA) is the oral form of butyrate, which is known to be a transcriptional regulator. Sodium-4-PBA has been shown to induce fetal hemoglobin, and it has been used in clinical trials for sickle cell anemia and β-thalassemia. Because gene expression profiles became more differentiated, it is in phase I trials in several different malignant disorders. The potential for therapeutic benefit in cystic fibrosis (CF) resides in an additional mechanism, involving protein folding and the ER (endoplasmic reticulum) environment (PMID 12458151). 4-PBA is a drug that was developed to treat elevated blood ammonia in urea cycle disorders, a histone deacetylase inhibitor that promotes mutation ΔF508 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) trafficking (PMID 16798551). 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) is known to be a transcriptional regulator, and sodium-4-PBA has been shown to induce fetal hemoglobin, and it has been used in clinical trials for sickle cell anemia and β-thalassemia Because gene expression profiles became more differentiated, it is in phase I trials in several different malignant disorders. The potential for therapeutic benefit in cystic fibrosis (CF) resides in an additional mechanism, involving protein folding and the ER environment. 4-PBA is a drug that was developed to treat elevated blood ammonia in urea cycle disorders, a histone deacetylase inhibitor that promotes mutation ΔF508 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) trafficking. (PMID 12458151) [HMDB] C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1946 - Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C163758 - Targeted Therapy Agent D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents
Helixin C
D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators D007476 - Ionophores
Bacitracin
Bacitracin is a mixture of related cyclic polypeptides produced by organisms of the licheniformis group of Bacillus subtilis var Tracy. Its unique name derives from the fact that the bacillus producing it was first isolated in 1943 from a knee scrape from a girl named Margaret Tracy. As a toxic and difficult-to-use antibiotic, bacitracin doesnt work well orally. However, it is very effective topically. Bacitracin is synthesised via the so-called nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), which means that ribosomes are not involved in its synthesis. C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C295 - Bacitracin D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents Bacitracin is a polypeptide antibiotic against staphylococcal and pathogenic protozoa infections. Bacitracin inhibits cell wall biosynthesis and permeability through binding to the undecaprenyl pyrophosphate. Bacitracin inhibits macromolecular synthesis. Bacitracin is also a protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) inhibitor[1][2][3].
Guanosine monophosphate
Guanosine monophosphate (GMP), also known as 5′-guanidylic acid or guanylic acid (conjugate base guanylate), is a nucleotide that is used as a monomer in RNA. It is an ester of phosphoric acid with the nucleoside guanosine. GMP consists of the phosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase guanine; hence it is a ribonucleoside monophosphate. Guanosine monophosphate is commercially produced by microbial fermentation. Guanosine monophosphate, also known as guanylic acid or 5-GMP, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as purine ribonucleoside monophosphates. These are nucleotides consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose to which one monophosphate group is attached. A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety and found widely in nature. Guanosine monophosphate exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Within humans, guanosine monophosphate participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, guanosine triphosphate and guanosine monophosphate can be biosynthesized from diguanosine tetraphosphate through its interaction with the enzyme bis(5-nucleosyl)-tetraphosphatase [asymmetrical]. In addition, guanosine monophosphate can be biosynthesized from guanosine diphosphate; which is mediated by the enzyme ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 5. In humans, guanosine monophosphate is involved in the metabolic disorder called the lesch-nyhan syndrome (lns) pathway. Outside of the human body, guanosine monophosphate has been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as common cabbages, tea, winter squash, spearmints, and sugar apples. Guanosine-5-monophosphate, also known as 5-gmp or guanylic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as purine ribonucleoside monophosphates. Purine ribonucleoside monophosphates are nucleotides consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose to which one monophosphate group is attached. Guanosine-5-monophosphate is slightly soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Guanosine-5-monophosphate can be found in a number of food items such as mustard spinach, swiss chard, watercress, and colorado pinyon, which makes guanosine-5-monophosphate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Guanosine-5-monophosphate can be found primarily in blood and saliva, as well as throughout most human tissues. Guanosine-5-monophosphate exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, guanosine-5-monophosphate is involved in several metabolic pathways, some of which include clarithromycin action pathway, erythromycin action pathway, minocycline action pathway, and tetracycline action pathway. Guanosine-5-monophosphate is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include gout or kelley-seegmiller syndrome, xanthine dehydrogenase deficiency (xanthinuria), aICA-Ribosiduria, and molybdenum cofactor deficiency. Guanosine monophosphate is known as E number reference E626.[7] In the form of its salts, such as disodium guanylate (E627), dipotassium guanylate (E628) and calcium guanylate (E629), are food additives used as flavor enhancers to provide the umami taste.[7] It is often used in synergy with disodium inosinate; the combination is known as disodium 5′-ribonucleotides. Disodium guanylate is often found in instant noodles, potato chips and snacks, savoury rice, tinned vegetables, cured meats, and packet soup. As it is a fairly expensive additive, it is usually not used independently of glutamic acid or monosodium glutamate (MSG), which also contribute umami. If inosinate and guanylate salts are present in a list of ingredients but MSG does not appear to be, the glutamic acid is likely provided as part of another ingredient, such as a processed soy protein complex (hydrolyzed soy protein), autolyzed yeast, or soy sauce. 5'-Guanylic acid (5'-GMP) is involved in several metabolic disorders, including the AICA-ribosiduria pathway, adenosine deaminase deficiency, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency (aprt), and the 2-hydroxyglutric aciduria pathway. 5'-Guanylic acid (5'-GMP) is involved in several metabolic disorders, including the AICA-ribosiduria pathway, adenosine deaminase deficiency, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency (aprt), and the 2-hydroxyglutric aciduria pathway.
Dehydroabietic acid
Dehydroabietic acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as diterpenoids. These are terpene compounds formed by four isoprene units. Dehydroabietic acid possesses antiviral activity[1]. Dehydroabietic acid possesses antiviral activity[1].
14,15-DiHETrE
14,15-DiHETrE is a Cytochrome P450 (P450) eicosanoid. Eicosanoids generated from arachidonic acid metabolism by cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes are important autocrine and paracrine factors that have diverse biological functions. P450 eicosanoids are involved in the regulation of vascular tone, renal tubular transport, cardiac contractility, cellular proliferation, and inflammation. Regulation of P450 eicosanoid levels is determined by many factors, including the induction or repression of the P450 enzymes responsible for their formation. Fibrate drugs are part of a diverse group of compounds known as peroxisome proliferators, which also include herbicides and phthalate ester plasticizers. Peroxisome proliferators act via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR ). This receptor is a member of the PPAR nuclear receptor family that also consists of the PPAR and PPAR isoforms. PPAR is mainly expressed in the heart, liver, and kidney, whereas the expression of PPAR is predominantly in the adipose tissue. The biological role of PPAR as a lipid sensor has been well established. 14,15-DiHETrE is a potent activators of PPAR and PPAR . shown to induce the binding of PPAR to a peroxisome proliferator response element (PPRE). Furthermore, 14,15-DiHETrE behaves like peroxisome proliferators in that is able to alter apoA-I and apoA-II mRNA expression. 14,15-DiHETrE is the most potent PPARalpha activator in a COS-7 cell expression system producing a 12-fold increase in PPARalpha-mediated luciferase activity. (PMID: 17431031, 16113065) [HMDB] 14,15-DiHETrE is a Cytochrome P450 (P450) eicosanoid. Eicosanoids generated from arachidonic acid metabolism by cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes are important autocrine and paracrine factors that have diverse biological functions. P450 eicosanoids are involved in the regulation of vascular tone, renal tubular transport, cardiac contractility, cellular proliferation, and inflammation. Regulation of P450 eicosanoid levels is determined by many factors, including the induction or repression of the P450 enzymes responsible for their formation. Fibrate drugs are part of a diverse group of compounds known as peroxisome proliferators, which also include herbicides and phthalate ester plasticizers. Peroxisome proliferators act via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR). This receptor is a member of the PPAR nuclear receptor family that also consists of the PPAR and PPAR isoforms. PPAR is mainly expressed in the heart, liver, and kidney, whereas the expression of PPAR is predominantly in the adipose tissue. The biological role of PPAR as a lipid sensor has been well established. 14,15-DiHETrE is a potent activators of PPAR and PPAR, shown to induce the binding of PPAR to a peroxisome proliferator response element (PPRE). Furthermore, 14,15-DiHETrE behaves like peroxisome proliferators in that is able to alter apoA-I and apoA-II mRNA expression. 14,15-DiHETrE is the most potent PPARalpha activator in a COS-7 cell expression system producing a 12-fold increase in PPARalpha-mediated luciferase activity. (PMID: 17431031, 16113065).
goitrin
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D013956 - Antithyroid Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D023303 - Oxazolidinones CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2335 INTERNAL_ID 2335; CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1)
Demethoxycurcumin
[Raw Data] CBA69_Demethoxycurcum_neg_50eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA69_Demethoxycurcum_neg_40eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA69_Demethoxycurcum_pos_10eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA69_Demethoxycurcum_pos_20eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA69_Demethoxycurcum_neg_10eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA69_Demethoxycurcum_pos_40eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA69_Demethoxycurcum_neg_30eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA69_Demethoxycurcum_pos_30eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA69_Demethoxycurcum_neg_20eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA69_Demethoxycurcum_pos_50eV.txt Demethoxycurcumin is the main active component of curcumin and has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and toxic effects on cancer cells. Demethoxycurcumin is the main active component of curcumin and has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and toxic effects on cancer cells.
lipid IVA
Wedelolactone
Wedelolactone suppresses LPS-induced caspase-11 expression by directly inhibits the IKK Complex. Wedelolactone also inhibits 5-lipoxygenase (5-Lox) with an IC50 of 2.5 μM. Wedelolactone induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in prostate cancer cells via downregulation of PKCε without inhibiting Akt. Wedelolactone can extract from Eclipta alba, and it can be used for the research of cancer[1][2][3]. Wedelolactone suppresses LPS-induced caspase-11 expression by directly inhibits the IKK Complex. Wedelolactone also inhibits 5-lipoxygenase (5-Lox) with an IC50 of 2.5 μM. Wedelolactone induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in prostate cancer cells via downregulation of PKCε without inhibiting Akt. Wedelolactone can extract from Eclipta alba, and it can be used for the research of cancer[1][2][3]. Wedelolactone suppresses LPS-induced caspase-11 expression by directly inhibits the IKK Complex. Wedelolactone also inhibits 5-lipoxygenase (5-Lox) with an IC50 of 2.5 μM. Wedelolactone induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in prostate cancer cells via downregulation of PKCε without inhibiting Akt. Wedelolactone can extract from Eclipta alba, and it can be used for the research of cancer[1][2][3].
calpeptin
D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011480 - Protease Inhibitors > D015853 - Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors
Lipid A
Lipid A is a lipid component of an endotoxin held responsible for toxicity of Gram-negative bacteria. It is the innermost of the three regions of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS, also called endotoxin) molecule, and its hydrophobic nature allows it to anchor the LPS to the outer membrane. While its toxic effects can be damaging, the sensing of lipid A by the human immune system may also be critical for the onset of immune responses to Gram-negative infection, and for the subsequent successful fight against the infection. Many of the immune activating abilities of LPS can be attributed to the lipid A unit. It is a very potent stimulant of the immune system, activating cells (for example, monocytes or macrophages) at picogram per milliliter quantities. Lipid A has been found in Escherichia, Pseudomonas, Salmonella and meningococcus (PMID: 11948150; PMID: 12045108). Lipid A is a lipid component of an endotoxin held responsible for toxicity of Gram-negative bacteria. It is the innermost of the three regions of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS, also called endotoxin) molecule, and its hydrophobic nature allows it to anchor the LPS to the outer membrane. While its toxic effects can be damaging, the sensing of lipid A by the human immune system may also be critical for the onset of immune responses to Gram-negative infection, and for the subsequent successful fight against the infection.; Many of the immune activating abilities of LPS can be attributed to the lipid A unit. It is a very potent stimulant of the immune system, activating cells (for example, monocytes or macrophages) at picogram per milliliter quantities. [HMDB]
Schidigerasaponin D5
Schidigerasaponin D5 is a natural product found in Yucca gloriosa and Asparagus gobicus with data available. Melongoside E is found in fruits. Melongoside E is a constituent of aubergine (Solanum melongena). Constituent of aubergine (Solanum melongena). Melongoside E is found in fruits and eggplant. Timosaponin AIII could inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, with an IC50 of 35.4 μM. Timosaponin AIII could inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, with an IC50 of 35.4 μM.
Rehmaionoside C
Demethoxycurcumin
Demethoxycurcumin is a beta-diketone that is curcumin in which one of the methoxy groups is replaced by hydrogen. It is found in Curcuma zedoaria and Etlingera elatior. It has a role as a metabolite, an antineoplastic agent and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is a polyphenol, a beta-diketone, an enone and a diarylheptanoid. Demethoxycurcumin is a natural product found in Curcuma amada, Curcuma aeruginosa, and other organisms with data available. Isolated from Curcuma zedoaria (zedoary), Curcuma longa (turmeric), Curcuma xanthorrhiza (Java turmeric). Demethoxycurcumin is found in many foods, some of which are beverages, herbs and spices, turmeric, and root vegetables. Demethoxycurcumin is found in beverages. Demethoxycurcumin is isolated from Curcuma zedoaria (zedoary), Curcuma longa (turmeric), Curcuma xanthorrhiza (Java turmeric). A beta-diketone that is curcumin in which one of the methoxy groups is replaced by hydrogen. It is found in Curcuma zedoaria and Etlingera elatior. Demethoxycurcumin is the main active component of curcumin and has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and toxic effects on cancer cells. Demethoxycurcumin is the main active component of curcumin and has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and toxic effects on cancer cells.
Disulfiram
A carbamate derivative used as an alcohol deterrent. It is a relatively nontoxic substance when administered alone, but markedly alters the intermediary metabolism of alcohol. When alcohol is ingested after administration of disulfiram, blood acetaldehyde concentrations are increased, followed by flushing, systemic vasodilation, respiratory difficulties, nausea, hypotension, and other symptoms (acetaldehyde syndrome). It acts by inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase. [PubChem] P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P03 - Ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides, insecticides and repellents > P03A - Ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides > P03AA - Sulfur containing products N - Nervous system > N07 - Other nervous system drugs > N07B - Drugs used in addictive disorders > N07BB - Drugs used in alcohol dependence C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C163758 - Targeted Therapy Agent > C2160 - Proteasome Inhibitor COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065086 - Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase Inhibitors D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000427 - Alcohol Deterrents C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C1742 - Angiogenesis Inhibitor C1744 - Multidrug Resistance Modulator C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Disulfiram (Tetraethylthiuram disulfide) is a specific inhibitor of?aldehyde-dehydrogenase (ALDH1), used for the treatment of chronic alcoholism by producing an acute sensitivity to alcohol. Disulfiram inhibits gasdermin D (GSDMD) pore formation in liposomes and inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis and IL-1β secretion in human and mouse cells. Disulfiram, a copper ion carrier,?with?Cu2+ increases intracellular ROS levels and induces cuproptosis[1][2][3][4][5][6].
N-[(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-8-methyl-6-nonenamide
Baciguent
D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents
Lipid IVA
Cytisinicline
Cytisine is an organic heterotricyclic compound that is the toxic principle in Laburnum seeds and is found in many members of the Fabaceae (legume, pea or bean) family. An acetylcholine agonist, it is widely used throughout Eastern Europe as an aid to giving up smoking. It has a role as a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, a phytotoxin and a plant metabolite. It is an alkaloid, an organic heterotricyclic compound, a secondary amino compound, a lactam and a bridged compound. Cytisine is an alkaloid naturally derived from the Fabaceae family of plants including the genera Laburnum and Cytisus. Recent studies have shown it to be a more effective and significantly more affordable smoking cessation treatment than nicotine replacement therapy. Also known as baptitoxine or sophorine, cytisine has been used as a smoking cessation treatment since 1964, and is relatively unknown in regions outside of central and Eastern Europe. Cytisine is a partial nicotinic acetylcholine agonist with a half-life of 4.8 hours. Recent Phase III clinical trials using Tabex (a brand of Cytisine marketed by Sopharma AD) have shown similar efficacy to varenicline, but at a fraction of the cost. Cytisine is a natural product found in Viscum cruciatum, Thermopsis chinensis, and other organisms with data available. See also: Cytisus scoparius flowering top (part of); Thermopsis lanceolata whole (part of). An organic heterotricyclic compound that is the toxic principle in Laburnum seeds and is found in many members of the Fabaceae (legume, pea or bean) family. An acetylcholine agonist, it is widely used throughout Eastern Europe as an aid to giving up smoking. N - Nervous system > N07 - Other nervous system drugs > N07B - Drugs used in addictive disorders > N07BA - Drugs used in nicotine dependence C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47796 - Cholinergic Agonist > C73579 - Nicotinic Agonist Cytisinicline (Cytisine) is an alkaloid. Cytisinicline (Cytisine) is a partial agonist of α4β2 nAChRs[1], and partial to full agonist at β4 containing receptors and α7 receptors[2]. Has been used medically to help with smoking cessation[3]. Cytisinicline (Cytisine) is an alkaloid. Cytisinicline (Cytisine) is a partial agonist of α4β2 nAChRs[1], and partial to full agonist at β4 containing receptors and α7 receptors[2]. Has been used medically to help with smoking cessation[3]. Cytisinicline (Cytisine) is an alkaloid. Cytisinicline (Cytisine) is a partial agonist of α4β2 nAChRs[1], and partial to full agonist at β4 containing receptors and α7 receptors[2]. Has been used medically to help with smoking cessation[3].
Dehydroabietic acid
Dehydroabietic acid is an abietane diterpenoid that is abieta-8,11,13-triene substituted at position 18 by a carboxy group. It has a role as a metabolite and an allergen. It is an abietane diterpenoid, a monocarboxylic acid and a carbotricyclic compound. It is functionally related to an abietic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a dehydroabietate. Dehydroabietic acid is a natural product found in Nostoc, Relhania corymbosa, and other organisms with data available. Dehydroabietic acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as diterpenoids. These are terpene compounds formed by four isoprene units. An abietane diterpenoid that is abieta-8,11,13-triene substituted at position 18 by a carboxy group. Dehydroabietic acid possesses antiviral activity[1]. Dehydroabietic acid possesses antiviral activity[1].
Wedelolactone
Wedelolactone is a member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan with hydroxy substituents as positions 1, 8 and 9 and a methoxy substituent at position 3. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor, an apoptosis inducer, a hepatoprotective agent and a metabolite. It is a member of coumestans, a delta-lactone, an aromatic ether and a polyphenol. It is functionally related to a coumestan. Wedelolactone is a natural product found in Sphagneticola calendulacea, Eclipta alba, and other organisms with data available. A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan with hydroxy substituents as positions 1, 8 and 9 and a methoxy substituent at position 3. Wedelolactone suppresses LPS-induced caspase-11 expression by directly inhibits the IKK Complex. Wedelolactone also inhibits 5-lipoxygenase (5-Lox) with an IC50 of 2.5 μM. Wedelolactone induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in prostate cancer cells via downregulation of PKCε without inhibiting Akt. Wedelolactone can extract from Eclipta alba, and it can be used for the research of cancer[1][2][3]. Wedelolactone suppresses LPS-induced caspase-11 expression by directly inhibits the IKK Complex. Wedelolactone also inhibits 5-lipoxygenase (5-Lox) with an IC50 of 2.5 μM. Wedelolactone induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in prostate cancer cells via downregulation of PKCε without inhibiting Akt. Wedelolactone can extract from Eclipta alba, and it can be used for the research of cancer[1][2][3]. Wedelolactone suppresses LPS-induced caspase-11 expression by directly inhibits the IKK Complex. Wedelolactone also inhibits 5-lipoxygenase (5-Lox) with an IC50 of 2.5 μM. Wedelolactone induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in prostate cancer cells via downregulation of PKCε without inhibiting Akt. Wedelolactone can extract from Eclipta alba, and it can be used for the research of cancer[1][2][3].
Schidigerasaponin D5
Schidigerasaponin D5 is a natural product found in Yucca gloriosa and Asparagus gobicus with data available. Melongoside E is found in fruits. Melongoside E is a constituent of aubergine (Solanum melongena). Constituent of aubergine (Solanum melongena). Melongoside E is found in fruits and eggplant. Timosaponin AIII could inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, with an IC50 of 35.4 μM. Timosaponin AIII could inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, with an IC50 of 35.4 μM.
nigericin
A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators D007476 - Ionophores CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3682
Dihydrocapsaicin
relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.274 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.271 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.269 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Dihydrocapsaicin, a capsaicin, is a potent and selective TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1) agonist. Dihydrocapsaicin reduces AIF, Bax, and Caspase-3 expressions, and increased Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and p-Akt levels. Dihydrocapsaicin enhances the hypothermia-induced neuroprotection following ischemic stroke via PI3K/Akt regulation in rat[1][2][3]. Dihydrocapsaicin, a capsaicin, is a potent and selective TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1) agonist. Dihydrocapsaicin reduces AIF, Bax, and Caspase-3 expressions, and increased Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and p-Akt levels. Dihydrocapsaicin enhances the hypothermia-induced neuroprotection following ischemic stroke via PI3K/Akt regulation in rat[1][2][3]. Dihydrocapsaicin, a capsaicin, is a potent and selective TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1) agonist. Dihydrocapsaicin reduces AIF, Bax, and Caspase-3 expressions, and increased Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and p-Akt levels. Dihydrocapsaicin enhances the hypothermia-induced neuroprotection following ischemic stroke via PI3K/Akt regulation in rat[1][2][3].
Guanosine monophosphate
COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map, PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.057 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.058 5'-Guanylic acid (5'-GMP) is involved in several metabolic disorders, including the AICA-ribosiduria pathway, adenosine deaminase deficiency, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency (aprt), and the 2-hydroxyglutric aciduria pathway. 5'-Guanylic acid (5'-GMP) is involved in several metabolic disorders, including the AICA-ribosiduria pathway, adenosine deaminase deficiency, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency (aprt), and the 2-hydroxyglutric aciduria pathway.
Valdecoxib
M - Musculo-skeletal system > M01 - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products > M01A - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids > M01AH - Coxibs D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors > D052246 - Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1323 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents
ESMOLOL
C - Cardiovascular system > C07 - Beta blocking agents > C07A - Beta blocking agents > C07AB - Beta blocking agents, selective C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C72900 - Adrenergic Antagonist D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D018674 - Adrenergic Antagonists
Pristimerin
Pristimerin is a potent and reversible monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) inhibitor with an IC50 of 93 nM. Pristimerin is a potent and reversible monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) inhibitor with an IC50 of 93 nM. Pristimerin is a potent and reversible monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) inhibitor with an IC50 of 93 nM.
Cytisin
N - Nervous system > N07 - Other nervous system drugs > N07B - Drugs used in addictive disorders > N07BA - Drugs used in nicotine dependence C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47796 - Cholinergic Agonist > C73579 - Nicotinic Agonist CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2241 Cytisinicline (Cytisine) is an alkaloid. Cytisinicline (Cytisine) is a partial agonist of α4β2 nAChRs[1], and partial to full agonist at β4 containing receptors and α7 receptors[2]. Has been used medically to help with smoking cessation[3]. Cytisinicline (Cytisine) is an alkaloid. Cytisinicline (Cytisine) is a partial agonist of α4β2 nAChRs[1], and partial to full agonist at β4 containing receptors and α7 receptors[2]. Has been used medically to help with smoking cessation[3]. Cytisinicline (Cytisine) is an alkaloid. Cytisinicline (Cytisine) is a partial agonist of α4β2 nAChRs[1], and partial to full agonist at β4 containing receptors and α7 receptors[2]. Has been used medically to help with smoking cessation[3].
Schidigerasaponin D5
Timosaponin AIII could inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, with an IC50 of 35.4 μM. Timosaponin AIII could inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, with an IC50 of 35.4 μM.
Demethoxycurcumin
Demethoxycurcumin is the main active component of curcumin and has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and toxic effects on cancer cells. Demethoxycurcumin is the main active component of curcumin and has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and toxic effects on cancer cells.
EU-0100782
Dihydrocapsaicin, a capsaicin, is a potent and selective TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1) agonist. Dihydrocapsaicin reduces AIF, Bax, and Caspase-3 expressions, and increased Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and p-Akt levels. Dihydrocapsaicin enhances the hypothermia-induced neuroprotection following ischemic stroke via PI3K/Akt regulation in rat[1][2][3]. Dihydrocapsaicin, a capsaicin, is a potent and selective TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1) agonist. Dihydrocapsaicin reduces AIF, Bax, and Caspase-3 expressions, and increased Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and p-Akt levels. Dihydrocapsaicin enhances the hypothermia-induced neuroprotection following ischemic stroke via PI3K/Akt regulation in rat[1][2][3]. Dihydrocapsaicin, a capsaicin, is a potent and selective TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1) agonist. Dihydrocapsaicin reduces AIF, Bax, and Caspase-3 expressions, and increased Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and p-Akt levels. Dihydrocapsaicin enhances the hypothermia-induced neuroprotection following ischemic stroke via PI3K/Akt regulation in rat[1][2][3].
Timosaponin A-III
A natural product found in Anemarrhena asphodeloides. Timosaponin AIII could inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, with an IC50 of 35.4 μM. Timosaponin AIII could inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, with an IC50 of 35.4 μM.
Phenylbutyric acid
C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1946 - Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C163758 - Targeted Therapy Agent D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents
Bacitracin A
A homodetic cyclic peptide consisting of (4R)-2-[(1S,2S)-1-amino-2-methylbutyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid attached head-to-tail to L-leucyl,D-glutamyl, L-lysyl, D-ornityl, L-isoleucyl, D-phenylalanyl, L-histidyl. D-aspartyl and L-asparaginyl residues coupled in sequence and cyclised by condensation of the side-chain amino group of the L-lysyl residue with the C-terminal carboxylic acid group. It is the major component of bacitracin. C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C295 - Bacitracin
