Gamma-Linolenic acid (BioDeep_00000000999)

   

human metabolite PANOMIX_OTCML-2023 blood metabolite BioNovoGene_Lab2019 Volatile Flavor Compounds natural product


代谢物信息卡片


(6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadeca-6,9,12-trienoic acid

化学式: C18H30O2 (278.224568)
中文名称: r-亚麻酸, γ-亚麻酸
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 Homo sapiens(feces) 0.34%

Reviewed

Last reviewed on 2024-09-13.

Cite this Page

Gamma-Linolenic acid. BioDeep Database v3. PANOMIX ltd, a top metabolomics service provider from China. https://query.biodeep.cn/s/gamma-linolenic_acid_alpha-linolenic_acid (retrieved 2024-11-22) (BioDeep RN: BioDeep_00000000999). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

分子结构信息

SMILES: C(=C/C/C=C\C/C=C\CCCCC)/CCCCC(=O)O
InChI: InChI=1S/C18H30O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18(19)20/h6-7,9-10,12-13H,2-5,8,11,14-17H2,1H3,(H,19,20)/b7-6-,10-9-,13-12-

描述信息

Gamma-linolenic acid is a C18, omega-6 acid fatty acid comprising a linolenic acid having cis- double bonds at positions 6, 9 and 12. It has a role as a human metabolite, a plant metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is an omega-6 fatty acid and a linolenic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a gamma-linolenate.
Gamolenic acid, or gamma-linolenic acid (γ-Linolenic acid) or GLA, is an essential fatty acid (EFA) comprised of 18 carbon atoms with three double bonds that is most commonly found in human milk and other botanical sources. It is an omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) also referred to as 18:3n-6; 6,9,12-octadecatrienoic acid; and cis-6, cis-9, cis-12- octadecatrienoic acid. Gamolenic acid is produced minimally in the body as the delta 6-desaturase metabolite of [DB00132]. It is converted to [DB00154], a biosynthetic precursor of monoenoic prostaglandins such as PGE1. While Gamolenic acid is found naturally in the fatty acid fractions of some plant seed oils, [DB11358] and [DB11238] are rich sources of gamolenic acid. Evening primrose oil has been investigated for clinical use in menopausal syndrome, diabetic neuropathy, and breast pain, where gamolenic acid is present at concentrations of 7-14\\\\\%. Gamolenic acid may be found in over-the-counter dietary supplements. Gamolenic acid is also found in some fungal sources and also present naturally in the form of triglycerides. Various clinical indications of gamolenic acid have been studied, including rheumatoid arthritis, atopic eczema, acute respiratory distress syndrome, asthma, premenstrual syndrome, cardiovascular disease, ulcerative colitis, ADHD, cancer, osteoporosis, diabetic neuropathy, and insomnia.
gamma-Linolenic acid is a natural product found in Anemone cylindrica, Eurhynchium striatum, and other organisms with data available.
Gamolenic Acid is a polyunsaturated long-chain fatty acid with an 18-carbon backbone and exactly three double bonds, originating from the 6th, 9th and 12th positions from the methyl end, with all double bonds in the cis- configuration.
An omega-6 fatty acid produced in the body as the delta 6-desaturase metabolite of linoleic acid. It is converted to dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, a biosynthetic precursor of monoenoic prostaglandins such as PGE1. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
gamma-Linolenic acid, also known as 18:3n6 or GLA, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as linoleic acids and derivatives. These are derivatives of linoleic acid. Linoleic acid is a polyunsaturated omega-6 18-carbon long fatty acid, with two CC double bonds at the 9- and 12-positions. gamma-Linolenic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. gamma-Linolenic acid is an omega-6 fatty acid produced in the body as the delta 6-desaturase metabolite of linoleic acid. It is converted into dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, a biosynthetic precursor of monoenoic prostaglandins such as PGE1 (PubChem).
A C18, omega-6 acid fatty acid comprising a linolenic acid having cis- double bonds at positions 6, 9 and 12.

gamma-Linolenic acid or GLA (γ-linolenic acid) (INN: gamolenic acid) is an n−6, or omega-6, fatty acid found primarily in seed oils. When acting on GLA, arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase produces no leukotrienes and the conversion by the enzyme of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes is inhibited.

GLA is obtained from vegetable oils such as evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) oil (EPO), blackcurrant seed oil, borage seed oil, and hemp seed oil. GLA is also found in varying amounts in edible hemp seeds, oats, barley,[3] and spirulina.[4] Normal safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) oil does not contain GLA, but a genetically modified GLA safflower oil available in commercial quantities since 2011 contains 40\\\% GLA.[5] Borage oil contains 20\\\% GLA, evening primrose oil ranges from 8\\\% to 10\\\% GLA, and black-currant oil contains 15–20\\\%.[6]

The human body produces GLA from linoleic acid (LA). This reaction is catalyzed by Δ6-desaturase (D6D), an enzyme that allows the creation of a double bond on the sixth carbon counting from the carboxyl terminus. LA is consumed sufficiently in most diets, from such abundant sources as cooking oils and meats. However, a lack of GLA can occur when there is a reduction of the efficiency of the D6D conversion (for instance, as people grow older or when there are specific dietary deficiencies) or in disease states wherein there is excessive consumption of GLA metabolites.[7]

From GLA, the body forms dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA). This is one of the body's three sources of eicosanoids (along with AA and EPA.) DGLA is the precursor of the prostaglandin PGH1, which in turn forms PGE1 and the thromboxane TXA1. Both PGE11 and TXA1 are anti-inflammatory; thromboxane TXA1, unlike its series-2 variant, induces vasodilation, and inhibits platelet[8] consequently, TXA1 modulates (reduces) the pro-inflammatory properties of the thromboxane TXA2. PGE1 has a role in regulation of immune system function and is used as the medicine alprostadil.

Unlike AA and EPA, DGLA cannot yield leukotrienes. However, it can inhibit the formation of pro-inflammatory leukotrienes from AA.[9]

Although GLA is an n−6 fatty acid, a type of acid that is, in general, pro-inflammatory[citation needed], it has anti-inflammatory properties. (See discussion at Essential fatty acid interactions: The paradox of dietary GLA.)
Gamma-linolenic acid (γ-Linolenic acid) is an omega-6 (n-6), 18 carbon (18C-) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) extracted from Perilla frutescens. Gamma-linolenic acid supplements could restore needed PUFAs and mitigate the disease[1].
Gamma-linolenic acid (γ-Linolenic acid) is an omega-6 (n-6), 18 carbon (18C-) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) extracted from Perilla frutescens. Gamma-linolenic acid supplements could restore needed PUFAs and mitigate the disease[1].

同义名列表

118 个代谢物同义名

cis,cis,cis,6,9,12-Octa-decatrienoic acid-18:3 n6 lithium salt; GAMMA-LINOLENIC ACID (CONSTITUENT OF SPIRULINA) [DSC]; C18H30O2 (cis,cis,cis-octadeca-6,9,12-trienoic acid); cis-6, cis-9, cis-12-octadecatrienoic acid; 6,9,12-Octadecatrienoic acid, (6Z,9Z,12Z)-; (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadeca-6,9,12-trienoic acid; gamma-Linolenic acid, analytical standard; 6-cis,9-cis,12-cis-Octadecatrienoic acid; (6Z,9Z,12Z)-6,9,12-Octadecatrienoic acid; cis-6,cis-9,cis-12-Octadecatrienoic acid; cis,cis,cis-6,9,12-Octadecatrienoic acid; cis-Delta(6,9,12)-octadecatrienoic acid; Octadecatrienoic acid, 6,9,12-(Z,Z,Z)-; 6,9,12-Octadecatrienoic acid, (Z,Z,Z)-; 6(Z),9(Z),12(Z)-Octadecatrienoic acid; (Z,Z,Z)-6,9,12-Octadecatrienoic acid; 6-cis,9-cis,12-cis-Octadecatrienoate; 6,9,12-all-cis-Octadecatrienoic acid; gamma Linolenic Acid, Potassium Salt; gamma-Linolenic Acid, Potassium Salt; D58CCA4A-7FFA-4E8B-A758-EAA7D073B343; gamma-Linolenic acid, >=99\\%, liquid; all-cis-6,9,12-Octadecatrienoic acid; z,z,z-octadeca-6,9,12-trienoic acid; gamma-Linolenic Acid, Ammonium Salt; cis-Delta(6,9,12)-octadecatrienoate; gamma Linolenic Acid, Ammonium Salt; cis-Δ(6,9,12)-octadecatrienoic acid; z,z,z-6,9,12-Octadecatrienoic acid; gamma-Linolenic Acid, Lithium Salt; gamma Linolenic Acid, Lithium Salt; gamma-Linolenic Acid, Sodium Salt; gamma -Linolenic Acid (18:3, n-6); gamma-Linolenic Acid, Cerium Salt; gamma Linolenic Acid, Indium Salt; gamma Linolenic Acid, Sodium Salt; 6(Z),9(Z),12(Z)-Octadecatrienoate; (6Z,9Z,12Z)-Octadecatrienoic acid; gamma Linolenic Acid, Cerium Salt; gamma-Linolenic Acid, Indium Salt; all-cis-6,9,12-octadecatrienoate; (Z,Z,Z)-6,9,12-Octadecatrienoate; (Z,Z,Z)-6,9,12-Octatrienoic acid; (6z,9z,12z-octadecatrienoic acid; 6,9,12-all-cis-Octadecatrienoate; cis-Δ(6,9,12)-octadecatrienoate; GAMMA-LINOLENIC ACID (18:3 n-6); 6Z,9Z,12Z-octadecatrienoic acid; gamma-Linolenic Acid, Zinc Salt; gamma Linolenic Acid, Zinc Salt; (6Z,9Z,12Z)-Octadecatrienoate; 6,9,12-Octadecatrienoic acid; 6Z,9Z,12Z-octadecatrienoate; .GAMMA.-LINOLENIC ACID [MI]; Octadeca-6,9,12-triensaeure; Acido gamolenico [Spanish]; Acide gamolenique [French]; Acidum gamolenicum [Latin]; Gamolenic acid [INN:BAN]; 6,9,12-Octadecatrienoate; (6,9,12)-linolenic acid; GAMOLENIC ACID [WHO-DD]; C18:3, n-6,9,12 all-cis; GAMOLENIC ACID [MART.]; .gamma.-Linolenic Acid; Acid, gamma-Linolenic; gamma Linolenic Acid; gamma-Llnolenic acid; GAMOLENIC ACID [INN]; Gamma-Linolenic acid; Delta-linolenic acid; Gamolenic acid (INN); gamma-linolenic-acid; FA(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)); gammalinolenic acid; (6,9,12)-Linolenate; gamma-Linolensaeure; Gamma-linoleic acid; Acidum gamolenicum; Acide gamolenique; g-Linolenic acid; Acido gamolenico; γ-Linolenic acid; y-Linolenic acid; gamma-Linolenate; g-Linolensaeure; Acid, Gamolenic; Γ-linolensaeure; UNII-78YC2MAX4O; Gammolenic acid; Gamolenic-acid; Gamolenic Acid; C18:3n-6,9,12; gamoleic acid; g-Linolenate; Tox21_111835; Γ-linolenate; IDI1_033808; C18:3 (n-6); FA(18:3n6); Gamolenate; 18:3 (n-6); linolenate; 78YC2MAX4O; Gamoleate; 18:3(N-6); C18:3,n-6; BML3-B06; Efamast; FA 18:3; Epogam; Ligla; GLA; octadeca-6,9,12-trienoic acid; γ-Linolenic Acid; Gamma-Linolenic acid; (6Z,9Z,12Z)-Octadecatrienoic acid; gamma-Linolenic acid



数据库引用编号

28 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

PlantCyc(0)

代谢反应

407 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(4)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(403)

PharmGKB(0)

422 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。



文献列表

  • Kun-Pyo Kim, Kyung-Oh Shin, Sangmin Lee, Jihyeon Yun, Taehoon Lee, Yunhi Cho. PNPLA1 knockdown inhibits esterification of γ-linolenic acid to ceramide 1 in differentiated keratinocytes. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 2024 Apr; 702(?):149618. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149618. [PMID: 38340658]
  • Melika Sharifi, Nasim Nourani, Sarvin Sanaie, Sanaz Hamedeyazdan. The effect of Oenothera biennis (Evening primrose) oil on inflammatory diseases: a systematic review of clinical trials. BMC complementary medicine and therapies. 2024 Feb; 24(1):89. doi: 10.1186/s12906-024-04378-5. [PMID: 38360611]
  • Heba Nageh Gad El-Hak, Safaa M Kishk, Heba M A Abdelrazek. Evening primrose oil enriched with gamma linolenic acid and D/L-alpha tocopherol acetate attenuated carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury model in male rats via TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 pathway. Toxicology mechanisms and methods. 2024 Jan; ?(?):1-15. doi: 10.1080/15376516.2023.2301357. [PMID: 38166523]
  • Jin-Yi Tang, Mei-Ling Chen, Mei Wan, Jin-Yu Wei, Tian Qian, Yu-Kun Fan, Zhi Yang, Jian Fu, Jian Li. Associations of serum gamma-linolenic acid levels with erythema severity and anxiety/depression status in patients with rosacea. Anais brasileiros de dermatologia. 2023 Dec; ?(?):. doi: 10.1016/j.abd.2023.01.008. [PMID: 38061964]
  • Francisc Vasile Dulf, Dan Cristian Vodnar, Eva-Henrietta Dulf. Solid-state fermentation with Zygomycetes fungi as a tool for biofortification of apple pomace with γ-linolenic acid, carotenoid pigments and phenolic antioxidants. Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.). 2023 11; 173(Pt 2):113448. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113448. [PMID: 37803774]
  • Hyo-Suk Ahn, Eun Young Cho, Keun-Sang Yum. Efficacy of γ-linolenic acid, Vitis vinifera extract, and acetyl-L-carnitine combination therapy for improving arterial stiffness in Korean adults: Real-world evidence. Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.). 2023 Aug; ?(?):. doi: 10.1111/jch.14708. [PMID: 37608640]
  • Ana Paredes, Raquel Justo-Méndez, Daniel Jiménez-Blasco, Vanessa Núñez, Irene Calero, María Villalba-Orero, Andrea Alegre-Martí, Thierry Fischer, Ana Gradillas, Viviane Aparecida Rodrigues Sant'Anna, Felipe Were, Zhiqiang Huang, Pablo Hernansanz-Agustín, Carmen Contreras, Fernando Martínez, Emilio Camafeita, Jesús Vázquez, Jesús Ruiz-Cabello, Estela Area-Gómez, Fátima Sánchez-Cabo, Eckardt Treuter, Juan Pedro Bolaños, Eva Estébanez-Perpiñá, Francisco Javier Rupérez, Coral Barbas, José Antonio Enríquez, Mercedes Ricote. γ-Linolenic acid in maternal milk drives cardiac metabolic maturation. Nature. 2023 May; ?(?):. doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06068-7. [PMID: 37225978]
  • Adam Yasgar, Danielle Bougie, Richard T Eastman, Ruili Huang, Misha Itkin, Jennifer Kouznetsova, Caitlin Lynch, Crystal McKnight, Mitch Miller, Deborah K Ngan, Tyler Peryea, Pranav Shah, Paul Shinn, Menghang Xia, Xin Xu, Alexey V Zakharov, Anton Simeonov. Quantitative Bioactivity Signatures of Dietary Supplements and Natural Products. ACS pharmacology & translational science. 2023 May; 6(5):683-701. doi: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00194. [PMID: 37200814]
  • Aleksandra Arsic, Predrag Krstic, Marija Paunovic, Jasmina Nedovic, Vladimir Jakovljevic, Vesna Vucic. Anti-inflammatory effect of combining fish oil and evening primrose oil supplementation on breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Scientific reports. 2023 04; 13(1):6449. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-28411-8. [PMID: 37081029]
  • S G Yammine, I Huybrechts, C Biessy, L Dossus, S Panico, M J Sánchez, V Benetou, R Turzanski-Fortner, V Katzke, A Idahl, G Skeie, K Standahl Olsen, A Tjønneland, J Halkjaer, S Colorado-Yohar, A K Heath, E Sonestedt, H Sartor, M B Schulze, D Palli, M Crous-Bou, A Dorronsoro, K Overvad, A Barricarte Gurrea, G Severi, R C H Vermeulen, T M Sandanger, R C Travis, T Key, P Amiano, B Van Guelpen, M Johansson, M Sund, R Tumino, N Wareham, C Sacerdote, V Krogh, P Brennan, E Riboli, E Weiderpass, M J Gunter, V Chajès. Dietary fatty acids and endometrial cancer risk within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. BMC cancer. 2023 Feb; 23(1):159. doi: 10.1186/s12885-023-10611-0. [PMID: 36797668]
  • Makoto Noguchi, Makoto Shimizu, Peng Lu, Yu Takahashi, Yoshio Yamauchi, Shintaro Sato, Hiroshi Kiyono, Shigenobu Kishino, Jun Ogawa, Koji Nagata, Ryuichiro Sato. Lactic acid bacteria-derived γ-linolenic acid metabolites are PPARδ ligands that reduce lipid accumulation in human intestinal organoids. The Journal of biological chemistry. 2022 11; 298(11):102534. doi: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102534. [PMID: 36162507]
  • Emilia Neag, Zamfira Stupar, Cerasel Varaticeanu, Marin Senila, Cecilia Roman. Optimization of Lipid Extraction from Spirulina spp. by Ultrasound Application and Mechanical Stirring Using the Taguchi Method of Experimental Design. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2022 Oct; 27(20):. doi: 10.3390/molecules27206794. [PMID: 36296385]
  • Syusuke Egoshi, Kosuke Dodo, Mikiko Sodeoka. Deuterium Raman imaging for lipid analysis. Current opinion in chemical biology. 2022 10; 70(?):102181. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.102181. [PMID: 35792373]
  • Maryam Sadat Mirbagheri Firoozabad, Hamidreza Akhbariyoon. Engineering and fermenter production of fungi GLA in Pichia pastoris GS115 using oil waste. Archives of microbiology. 2022 Sep; 204(10):635. doi: 10.1007/s00203-022-03182-4. [PMID: 36127512]
  • Ruohui Xu, Xiaoli Xiao, Shengan Zhang, Jiashu Pan, Yingjue Tang, Wenjun Zhou, Guang Ji, Yanqi Dang. The methyltransferase METTL3-mediated fatty acid metabolism revealed the mechanism of cinnamaldehyde on alleviating steatosis. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie. 2022 Sep; 153(?):113367. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113367. [PMID: 35780619]
  • Hassan Mohamed, Mohamed F Awad, Aabid Manzoor Shah, Beenish Sadaqat, Yusuf Nazir, Tahira Naz, Wu Yang, Yuanda Song. Coculturing of Mucor plumbeus and Bacillus subtilis bacterium as an efficient fermentation strategy to enhance fungal lipid and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) production. Scientific reports. 2022 07; 12(1):13111. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-17442-2. [PMID: 35908106]
  • Agnieszka Kaźmierska, Izabela Bolesławska, Adriana Polańska, Aleksandra Dańczak-Pazdrowska, Paweł Jagielski, Sławomira Drzymała-Czyż, Zygmunt Adamski, Juliusz Przysławski. Effect of Evening Primrose Oil Supplementation on Selected Parameters of Skin Condition in a Group of Patients Treated with Isotretinoin-A Randomized Double-Blind Trial. Nutrients. 2022 Jul; 14(14):. doi: 10.3390/nu14142980. [PMID: 35889936]
  • Sarwar Beg, Sagar S Panda, Kamalinder K Singh. Chemometrics-assisted development of a validated LC method for simultaneous estimation of temozolomide and γ-linolenic acid: Greenness assessment and application to lipidic nanoparticles. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2022 Jun; 1200(?):123261. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123261. [PMID: 35533423]
  • Zuzanna J Krysiak, Piotr K Szewczyk, Krzysztof Berniak, Ewa A Sroczyk, Elżbieta Boratyn, Urszula Stachewicz. Stretchable skin hydrating PVB patches with controlled pores' size and shape for deliberate evening primrose oil spreading, transport and release. Biomaterials advances. 2022 May; 136(?):212786. doi: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212786. [PMID: 35929319]
  • S M Kawish, Abdul Qadir, Suma Saad, Sarwar Beg, Gaurav K Jain, Mohd Aqil, Amer M Alanazi, Azmat Ali Khan, Md Abdur Rashid, Rehan A Rab, Waleed H Almalki, Farhan J Ahmad. A Validated, Rapid and Cost-Efficient HPTLC Method for Quantification of Gamma-Linolenic Acid in Borage Oil and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity. Journal of chromatographic science. 2022 Apr; 60(4):364-371. doi: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab059. [PMID: 34080615]
  • Yao Zhang, Yanxia Wang, Junhuan Yang, Wu Yang, Xiuwen Wang, Chen Wu, Yuanda Song. Improved γ-Linolenic Acid Production from Cellulose in Mucor circinelloides via Coexpression of Cellobiohydrolase and Delta-6 Desaturase. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2022 Apr; 70(14):4373-4381. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00359. [PMID: 35357816]
  • Mohammad M Abd-Alhaseeb, Sarah M Massoud, Fatma Elsayed, Gamal A Omran, Ahmad Salahuddin. Evening Primrose Oil Enhances Tamoxifen's Anticancer Activity against Breast Cancer Cells by Inducing Apoptosis, Inhibiting Angiogenesis, and Arresting the Cell Cycle. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2022 Apr; 27(8):. doi: 10.3390/molecules27082391. [PMID: 35458590]
  • B B Sharma, P J Lamey. Multiple oral mucoceles treated with evening primrose oil: a report of two cases. The British journal of oral & maxillofacial surgery. 2022 04; 60(3):365-367. doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2021.07.001. [PMID: 34690016]
  • Agnieszka Kaźmierska, Izabela Bolesławska, Paweł Jagielski, Adriana Polańska, Aleksandra Dańczak-Pazdrowska, Grzegorz Kosewski, Zygmunt Adamski, Juliusz Przysławski. Effect of Evening Primrose Oil Supplementation on Biochemical Parameters and Nutrition of Patients Treated with Isotretinoin for Acne Vulgaris: A Randomized Double-Blind Trial. Nutrients. 2022 Mar; 14(7):. doi: 10.3390/nu14071342. [PMID: 35405955]
  • Łukasz Kaniuk, Agnieszka Podborska, Urszula Stachewicz. Enhanced mechanical performance and wettability of PHBV fiber blends with evening primrose oil for skin patches improving hydration and comfort. Journal of materials chemistry. B. 2022 03; 10(11):1763-1774. doi: 10.1039/d1tb02805g. [PMID: 35254375]
  • Yu Ri Woo, Seok Hoon Moon, Jeesuk Yu, Sang Hyun Cho. Synergistic Effects of Korean Red Ginseng Extract and the Conventional Systemic Therapeutics of Atopic Dermatitis in a Murine Model. Nutrients. 2021 Dec; 14(1):. doi: 10.3390/nu14010133. [PMID: 35011005]
  • Yanqiu Yue, Fengbin Jin, Xiaohui Yue. The effect of Borago officinalis on the signaling pathway of the NLRP3 inflammasome complex, TLR4 and some inflammatory cytokines in type II diabetic patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France). 2021 Nov; 67(3):178-183. doi: 10.14715/cmb/2021.67.3.28. [PMID: 34933712]
  • Yan Wang, Yiwei Tang, Ye Ji, Wenhui Xu, Naeem Ullah, Haitao Yu, Yixia Wu, Lin Xie. Association between FADS1 rs174547 and levels of long-chain PUFA: a meta-analysis. The British journal of nutrition. 2021 10; 126(8):1121-1129. doi: 10.1017/s0007114520005103. [PMID: 33331250]
  • Robert A DiSilvestro, Susan Olivo Marston, Autumn Zimmerman, Elizabeth Joseph, Carolynn Boeh McCarty. Borage oil intake by overweight young adults: no effect on metabolic rate; beneficial effects on plasma triglyceride and HDL cholesterol readings. Food & function. 2021 Oct; 12(19):8882-8886. doi: 10.1039/d1fo01887f. [PMID: 34606560]
  • Maryam Moradi, Azin Niazi, Hamid Heydarian Miri, Violeta Lopez. The effect of evening primrose oil on labor induction and cervical ripening: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytotherapy research : PTR. 2021 Oct; 35(10):5374-5383. doi: 10.1002/ptr.7147. [PMID: 33913585]
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