Protopanaxatriol (BioDeep_00000000559)

   

PANOMIX_OTCML-2023 natural product


代谢物信息卡片


(3S,5R,6S,8R,9R,10R,12R,13R,14R,17S)-17-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,6,12-triol

化学式: C30H52O4 (476.3865392)
中文名称: 20 (S)-原人参三醇, 原人参三醇, 20(s)-原人参三醇
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 Viridiplantae(plant) 0.6%

分子结构信息

SMILES: CC(=CCCC(C)(C1CCC2(C1C(CC3C2(CC(C4C3(CCC(C4(C)C)O)C)O)C)O)C)O)C
InChI: InChI=1S/C30H52O4/c1-18(2)10-9-13-30(8,34)19-11-15-28(6)24(19)20(31)16-22-27(5)14-12-23(33)26(3,4)25(27)21(32)17-29(22,28)7/h10,19-25,31-34H,9,11-17H2,1-8H3

描述信息

A tetracyclic triterpenoid sapogenin (isolated from ginseng and notoginseng) that is that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.
Protopanaxatriol is a tetracyclic triterpenoid sapogenin (isolated from ginseng and notoginseng) that is that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a tetracyclic triterpenoid, a sapogenin, a 3beta-hydroxy steroid, a 12beta-hydroxy steroid, a 6alpha-hydroxy steroid and a 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid. It derives from a hydride of a dammarane.
Protopanaxatriol is a natural product found in Gynostemma pentaphyllum, Panax ginseng, and other organisms with data available.
(20S)-Protopanaxatriol is a metabolite of ginsenoside. (20S)-Protopanaxatriol works through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and estrogen receptor (ER), and is also a LXRα inhibitor. (20S)-Protopanaxatriol shows a broad spectrum of antitumor effects[1][2][3].
(20S)-Protopanaxatriol is a metabolite of ginsenoside. (20S)-Protopanaxatriol works through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and estrogen receptor (ER), and is also a LXRα inhibitor. (20S)-Protopanaxatriol shows a broad spectrum of antitumor effects[1][2][3].
(20S)-Protopanaxatriol is a metabolite of ginsenoside. (20S)-Protopanaxatriol works through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and estrogen receptor (ER), and is also a LXRα inhibitor. (20S)-Protopanaxatriol shows a broad spectrum of antitumor effects[1][2][3].
20(R)-Protopanaxatriol is a natural aglycone of ginsenosides Re, Rf, Rg1, Rg2 and Rh.
20(R)-Protopanaxatriol is a natural aglycone of ginsenosides Re, Rf, Rg1, Rg2 and Rh.

同义名列表

25 个代谢物同义名

Protopanaxatriol; (3S,5R,6S,8R,9R,10R,12R,13R,14R,17S)-17-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,6,12-triol; 3-Deoxy-3-oxo-20(S)-protopanaxatriol; 3-Keto-20(S)-protopanaxatriol; DAMMAR-24-ENE-3,6,12,20-TETROL, (3.BETA.,6.ALPHA.,12.BETA.)-; (3.BETA.,6.ALPHA.,12.BETA.)-DAMMAR-24-ENE-3,6,12,20-TETROL; DAMMAR-24-ENE-3.BETA.,6.ALPHA.,12.BETA.,20-TETROL, (20S)-; Dammar-24-ene-3,6,12,20-tetrol, (3beta,6alpha,12beta)-; (3beta,6alpha,12beta)-dammar-24-ene-3,6,12,20-tetrol; protopanaxatriol, (3beta,6alpha,12beta,20R)-isomer; dammar-24-ene-3beta,6alpha,12beta,20-tetrol; protopanaxatriol-type ginsenoside aglycone; PANAXOSIDE A AGLYCONE A.PHI.; 20(R)-Protopanaxatriol; 20(S)-protopanaxatriol; (20S)-Protopanaxatriol; 20S-Protopanaxatriol; 20(S)-APPT;g-PPT; Protopanaxtriol; UNII-ZMK19P3WMP; ZMK19P3WMP; 20(S)-APPT; hemomex-s; g-PPT; 17-(2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,6,12-triol; 20(R)-APPT



数据库引用编号

21 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(1)

PlantCyc(1)

代谢反应

3 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(1)

  • ginsenosides biosynthesis: β-amyrin + O2 + a reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] ⟶ H+ + H2O + an oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + oleanolate

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(2)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

27 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。



文献列表

  • Long You, Ting Shen, Weicheng Hu, Jae Youl Cho. Protopanaxatriol activates EGFR and HER2 to strengthen the molecules of skin protection in human keratinocytes. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology. 2023 Oct; 123(?):155167. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155167. [PMID: 37952408]
  • Yanyan Li, Ke Yang, Linxian Zhao, Chunyi Xu, Weiling Zhou, Zhanguo Wang, Huiling Hu, Yu You. Effects of schisandra lignans on the absorption of protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides mediated by P-glycoprotein and protopanaxatriol-type ginsenosides mediated by CYP3A4. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2023 Aug; 318(Pt B):117057. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117057. [PMID: 37597677]
  • Yueting Yu, Jia Wang, Qingze Liu, Fangyong Wei, Xuejun Xie, Mei Zhang. Integrated serum pharmacochemistry and serum pharmacology to investigate the active components and mechanism of Bushen Huoxue Prescription in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2023 Jul; 235(?):115586. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115586. [PMID: 37494766]
  • Sufang Peng, Xiaobo Li, Weiwei Jiang, Yina Wang, Guisheng Xiang, Menghan Li, Yuanyuan Wang, Zijiang Yang, Ying Li, Xiangyu Liu, Guanghui Zhang, Chunhua Ma, Shengchao Yang. Identification of two key UDP-glycosyltransferases responsible for the ocotillol-type ginsenoside majonside-R2 biosynthesis in Panax vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus. Planta. 2023 May; 257(6):119. doi: 10.1007/s00425-023-04143-x. [PMID: 37178342]
  • Bingjie Lu, Dan Wang, Dong Xie, Chao Wu, Mingyu Sun. 20(S)-Protopanaxatriol ameliorates MAFLD by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome. European journal of pharmacology. 2023 Feb; 940(?):175468. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175468. [PMID: 36566009]
  • Wen-Jing Yang, Jian Huang, Wei Wang, Li-Jun Peng, Jin-Yu Li, Wei-Feng Zhu. [Mechanism of active components of "Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma-Drynariae Rhizoma" in treatment of osteoporosis based on network pharmacology and in vitro cell experiment]. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica. 2023 Feb; 48(4):1087-1097. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20220926.501. [PMID: 36872279]
  • Hong-Ping Wang, Zi-Jian Wang, Jing Du, Zhao-Zhou Lin, Chen Zhao, Run Zhang, Qiong Yin, Chun-Lan Fan, Ping Peng, Zhi-Bin Wang. Comprehensive Identification of Ginsenosides in the Roots and Rhizomes of Panax ginseng Based on Their Molecular Features-Oriented Precursor Ions Selection and Targeted MS/MS Analysis. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2023 Jan; 28(3):. doi: 10.3390/molecules28030941. [PMID: 36770610]
  • Jin Yan, Zhiwen Li, Fangdao Zhu, Shaoming Chi, Qin Wang, Meizhu Rong, Weiyou Xie, Yan Zhao. Inclusion complex of 20(S)-protopanaxatriol with modified β-cyclodextrin: Characterization, solubility, and interaction with bovine serum albumin. Analytical biochemistry. 2022 Sep; 653(?):114753. doi: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114753. [PMID: 35691377]
  • Su-Nyeong Jang, So-Young Park, Hyunyoung Lee, Hyojin Jeong, Ji-Hyeon Jeon, Im-Sook Song, Mi Jeong Kwon, Kwang-Hyeon Liu. In vitro modulatory effects of ginsenoside compound K, 20(S)-protopanaxadiol and 20(S)-protopanaxatriol on uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase activity and expression. Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems. 2021 Oct; 51(10):1087-1094. doi: 10.1080/00498254.2021.1963503. [PMID: 34338601]
  • Xiaodong Li, Yinmei Wang, Zhenjun Fan, Yan Wang, Pingping Wang, Xing Yan, Zhihua Zhou. High-level sustainable production of the characteristic protopanaxatriol-type saponins from Panax species in engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Metabolic engineering. 2021 07; 66(?):87-97. doi: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.04.006. [PMID: 33865981]
  • Dan Zhang, Wei Li, Zhong-Jian Chen, Fu-Gang Wei, Yun-Long Liu, Li-Zhi Gao. SMRT- and Illumina-based RNA-seq analyses unveil the ginsinoside biosynthesis and transcriptomic complexity in Panax notoginseng. Scientific reports. 2020 09; 10(1):15310. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-72291-1. [PMID: 32943706]
  • Yao Cheng, Ruimei Li, Zixuan Lin, Feiyan Chen, Jianguo Dai, Zhu Zhu, Lin Chen, Yunan Zhao. Structure-activity relationship analysis of dammarane-type natural products as muscle-type creatine kinase activators. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters. 2020 09; 30(17):127364. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127364. [PMID: 32738969]
  • Jian Song, Zhen-Yu Cui, Li-Hua Lian, Xin Han, Li-Shuang Hou, Ge Wang, Lu Gao, Yue Zhu, Yu-Chen Jiang, Jia-Yi Dou, Zhong-He Hu, Yu-Qing Zhao, Ji-Xing Nan, Yan-Ling Wu. 20S-Protopanaxatriol Ameliorates Hepatic Fibrosis, Potentially Involving FXR-Mediated Inflammatory Signaling Cascades. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2020 Aug; 68(31):8195-8204. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01978. [PMID: 32662640]
  • Tiehua Zhang, Yuan Liang, Peng Zuo, Mi Yan, Siyuan Jing, Tiezhu Li, Yongjun Wang, Jie Zhang, Zhengyi Wei. Identification of 20(R, S)-protopanaxadiol and 20(R, S)-protopanaxatriol for potential selective modulation of glucocorticoid receptor. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association. 2019 Sep; 131(?):110642. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110642. [PMID: 31247261]
  • Chang-Hao Cui, Byeong-Min Jeon, Yaoyao Fu, Wan-Taek Im, Sun-Chang Kim. High-density immobilization of a ginsenoside-transforming β-glucosidase for enhanced food-grade production of minor ginsenosides. Applied microbiology and biotechnology. 2019 Sep; 103(17):7003-7015. doi: 10.1007/s00253-019-09951-4. [PMID: 31289903]
  • Minxia Zhang, Jiaqi Zhao, Jianjun Deng, Zhiguang Duan, Chenhui Zhu, Daidi Fan. The protective effect of protopanaxatriol-type saponin on intestinal health in antibiotic-treated mice. Food & function. 2019 Jul; 10(7):4124-4133. doi: 10.1039/c9fo00242a. [PMID: 31237597]
  • Quanfu Huang, Qiuguo Wang, Dong Li, Xiao Wei, Yijuan Jia, Zheng Zhang, Bo Ai, Xiaonian Cao, Tao Guo, Yongde Liao. Co-administration of 20(S)-protopanaxatriol (g-PPT) and EGFR-TKI overcomes EGFR-TKI resistance by decreasing SCD1 induced lipid accumulation in non-small cell lung cancer. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR. 2019 Mar; 38(1):129. doi: 10.1186/s13046-019-1120-4. [PMID: 30876460]
  • Yin-Ping Guo, Man-Yun Chen, Li Shao, Wei Zhang, Tai Rao, Hong-Hao Zhou, Wei-Hua Huang. Quantification of Panax notoginseng saponins metabolites in rat plasma with in vivo gut microbiota-mediated biotransformation by HPLC-MS/MS. Chinese journal of natural medicines. 2019 Mar; 17(3):231-240. doi: 10.1016/s1875-5364(19)30026-3. [PMID: 30910060]
  • Lina Jin, Xue Fu, Shuangshuang Yao, Jian Yang, Guang Ning, Zhiguo Zhang. Protective effects of protopanaxatriol on acute liver injury induced by concanavalin A. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology. 2019 01; 392(1):81-87. doi: 10.1007/s00210-018-1567-4. [PMID: 30269219]
  • Jing Yang, Beibei Zhang, Zifei Qin, Shishi Li, Jinjin Xu, Zhihong Yao, Xiaojian Zhang, Frank J Gonzalez, Xinsheng Yao. Efflux excretion of bisdemethoxycurcumin-O-glucuronide in UGT1A1-overexpressing HeLa cells: Identification of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and multidrug resistance-associated proteins 1 (MRP1) as the glucuronide transporters. BioFactors (Oxford, England). 2018 Nov; 44(6):558-569. doi: 10.1002/biof.1452. [PMID: 30334318]
  • Guangfei Wei, Fugang Wei, Can Yuan, Zhongjian Chen, Yong Wang, Jiang Xu, Yongqing Zhang, Linlin Dong, Shilin Chen. Integrated Chemical and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Distribution of Protopanaxadiol- and Protopanaxatriol-Type Saponins in Panax notoginseng. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2018 Jul; 23(7):. doi: 10.3390/molecules23071773. [PMID: 30029488]
  • Cong Lu, Jingwei Lv, Liming Dong, Ning Jiang, Yan Wang, Qiong Wang, Yinghui Li, Shanguang Chen, Bei Fan, Fengzhong Wang, Xinmin Liu. Neuroprotective effects of 20(S)-protopanaxatriol (PPT) on scopolamine-induced cognitive deficits in mice. Phytotherapy research : PTR. 2018 Jun; 32(6):1056-1063. doi: 10.1002/ptr.6044. [PMID: 29468740]
  • Eun-Joo Yang, Kyung-Chul Shin, Dae Young Lee, Deok-Kun Oh. Complete Biotransformation of Protopanaxatriol-Type Ginsenosides in Panax ginseng Leaf Extract to Aglycon Protopanaxatriol by β-Glycosidases from Dictyoglomus turgidum and Pyrococcus furiosus. Journal of microbiology and biotechnology. 2018 Feb; 28(2):255-261. doi: 10.4014/jmb.1709.09053. [PMID: 29169217]
  • Xin Qiu, Jiali Yang, Wei Wang, Qiuhong Wu, Hong Shao. A validated LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of 20-(S)-protopanaxatriol and its two active metabolites in rat plasma: Application to a pharmacokinetics study. Journal of separation science. 2017 Dec; 40(23):4503-4510. doi: 10.1002/jssc.201700909. [PMID: 28960789]
  • Mohamed El-Agamy Farh, Yeon-Ju Kim, Priyanka Singh, Deok-Chun Yang. Cross Interaction Between Ilyonectria mors-panacis Isolates Infecting Korean Ginseng and Ginseng Saponins in Correlation with Their Pathogenicity. Phytopathology. 2017 05; 107(5):561-569. doi: 10.1094/phyto-05-16-0210-r. [PMID: 27918242]
  • Qi-Le Zhou, Di-Na Zhu, Yan-Fang Yang, Wei Xu, Xiu-Wei Yang. Simultaneous quantification of twenty-one ginsenosides and their three aglycones in rat plasma by a developed UFLC-MS/MS assay: Application to a pharmacokinetic study of red ginseng. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2017 Apr; 137(?):1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.01.009. [PMID: 28086165]
  • Gyo In, Hyun Kyu Seo, Hee-Won Park, Kyoung Hwa Jang. A Metabolomic Approach for the Discrimination of Red Ginseng Root Parts and Targeted Validation. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2017 Mar; 22(3):. doi: 10.3390/molecules22030471. [PMID: 28294969]
  • Feifei Yang, Jing Zhou, Chunyu Liu, Xiao Hu, Ruile Pan, Qi Chang, Xinmin Liu, Yonghong Liao. Cytochromes P450 Inhibitory Excipient-Based Self-Microemulsions for the Improved Bioavailability of Protopanaxatriol and Protopanaxadiol: Preparation and Evaluation. Planta medica. 2017 Mar; 83(5):453-460. doi: 10.1055/s-0042-106726. [PMID: 27220080]
  • Andrey Stavrianidi, Elena Stekolshchikova, Anna Porotova, Igor Rodin, Oleg Shpigun. Combination of HPLC-MS and QAMS as a new analytical approach for determination of saponins in ginseng containing products. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2017 Jan; 132(?):87-92. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.09.041. [PMID: 27697574]
  • Zhao-hua Zhang, Shao-ming Chi, Zhen-jie Pan, Zhi-wen Li, Ya-juan Li, Tian-feng Hu, Yan-mei Chen, Yan Zhao. [Fluorescence Spectroscopic Studies on Binding of 20 (S)-Protopanaxatriol with Bovine Serum Albumin]. Guang pu xue yu guang pu fen xi = Guang pu. 2016 Dec; 36(12):3991-5. doi: NULL. [PMID: 30235507]
  • Sun-Joo Oh, Kyunghoon Kim, Chang-Jin Lim. Photoprotective properties of 20(S)-protopanaxatriol, an aglycone of ginseng saponins: Protection from ultraviolet-B radiation-induced oxidative stress in human epidermal keratinocytes. Molecular medicine reports. 2016 Sep; 14(3):2839-45. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5581. [PMID: 27485900]
  • Dan Huang, Yang Li, Min Zhang, Shengli Ruan, Hongyang Zhang, Yuerong Wang, Ping Hu. Tartaric acid induced conversion of protopanaxadiol to ginsenosides Rg3 and Rg5 and their in situ recoveries by integrated expanded bed adsorption chromatography. Journal of separation science. 2016 Aug; 39(15):2995-3001. doi: 10.1002/jssc.201600269. [PMID: 27288199]
  • Ming Peng, Xiaonan Li, Tong Zhang, Yue Ding, Yaxiong Yi, Jian Le, Yongjian Yang, Xijing Chen. Stereoselective pharmacokinetic and metabolism studies of 20(S)- and 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg₃ epimers in rat plasma by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2016 Mar; 121(?):215-224. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.01.020. [PMID: 26826673]
  • Xian-En Zhao, Tao Lv, Shuyun Zhu, Fei Qu, Guang Chen, Yongrui He, Na Wei, Guoliang Li, Lian Xia, Zhiwei Sun, Shijuan Zhang, Jinmao You, Shu Liu, Zhiqiang Liu, Jing Sun, Shuying Liu. Dual ultrasonic-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with microwave-assisted derivatization for simultaneous determination of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol and 20(S)-protopanaxatriol by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of chromatography. A. 2016 Mar; 1437(?):49-57. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.02.017. [PMID: 26877173]
  • Chong-Zhi Wang, Samantha Anderson, Chun-Su Yuan. Phytochemistry and Anticancer Potential of Notoginseng. The American journal of Chinese medicine. 2016; 44(1):23-34. doi: 10.1142/s0192415x16500026. [PMID: 26916912]
  • Li-Yuan Ma, Qi-Le Zhou, Xiu-Wei Yang. New SIRT1 activator from alkaline hydrolysate of total saponins in the stems-leaves of Panax ginseng. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters. 2015 Nov; 25(22):5321-5. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.09.039. [PMID: 26420067]
  • Wei Wei, Pingping Wang, Yongjun Wei, Qunfang Liu, Chengshuai Yang, Guoping Zhao, Jianmin Yue, Xing Yan, Zhihua Zhou. Characterization of Panax ginseng UDP-Glycosyltransferases Catalyzing Protopanaxatriol and Biosyntheses of Bioactive Ginsenosides F1 and Rh1 in Metabolically Engineered Yeasts. Molecular plant. 2015 Sep; 8(9):1412-24. doi: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.05.010. [PMID: 26032089]
  • Cheng-Zhen Gu, Jun-Jiang Lv, Xiao-Xia Zhang, Hui Yan, Hong-Tao Zhu, Huai-Rong Luo, Dong Wang, Chong-Ren Yang, Min Xu, Ying-Jun Zhang. Minor dehydrogenated and cleavaged dammarane-type saponins from the steamed roots of Panax notoginseng. Fitoterapia. 2015 Jun; 103(?):97-105. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.03.014. [PMID: 25797537]
  • Kyung-Chul Shin, Hye-Ji Lee, Deok-Kun Oh. Substrate specificity of β-glucosidase from Gordonia terrae for ginsenosides and its application in the production of ginsenosides Rg₃, Rg₂, and Rh₁ from ginseng root extract. Journal of bioscience and bioengineering. 2015 May; 119(5):497-504. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.10.004. [PMID: 25457989]
  • Wenyan Wang, Yingying Ni, Li Wang, Xin Che, Wanhui Liu, Qingguo Meng. Stereoselective oxidation metabolism of 20(S)-protopanaxatriol in human liver microsomes and in rats. Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems. 2015 May; 45(5):385-95. doi: 10.3109/00498254.2014.986562. [PMID: 25430797]
  • Ming-Hua Liu, Bin-Rui Yang, Wai-Fung Cheung, Kevin Yi Yang, He-Feng Zhou, Jamie Sui-Lam Kwok, Guo-Cheng Liu, Xiao-Feng Li, Silin Zhong, Simon Ming-Yuen Lee, Stephen Kwok-Wing Tsui. Transcriptome analysis of leaves, roots and flowers of Panax notoginseng identifies genes involved in ginsenoside and alkaloid biosynthesis. BMC genomics. 2015 Apr; 16(?):265. doi: 10.1186/s12864-015-1477-5. [PMID: 25886736]
  • Yan Gao, Shi-feng Chu, Jian-ping Li, Zhao Zhang, Jia-qing Yan, Zhi-lin Wen, Cong-yuan Xia, Zheng Mou, Zhen-zhen Wang, Wen-bin He, Xiao-feng Guo, Gui-ning Wei, Nai-hong Chen. Protopanaxtriol protects against 3-nitropropionic acid-induced oxidative stress in a rat model of Huntington's disease. Acta pharmacologica Sinica. 2015 Mar; 36(3):311-22. doi: 10.1038/aps.2014.107. [PMID: 25640478]
  • S L Luo, L Z Dang, K Q Zhang, L M Liang, G H Li. Cloning and heterologous expression of UDP-glycosyltransferase genes from Bacillus subtilis and its application in the glycosylation of ginsenoside Rh1. Letters in applied microbiology. 2015 Jan; 60(1):72-8. doi: 10.1111/lam.12339. [PMID: 25327709]
  • Thi Hong Van Le, Gwang Jin Lee, Huynh Kim Long Vu, Sung Won Kwon, Ngoc Khoi Nguyen, Jeong Hill Park, Minh Duc Nguyen. Ginseng Saponins in Different Parts of Panax vietnamensis. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin. 2015; 63(11):950-4. doi: 10.1248/cpb.c15-00369. [PMID: 26521860]
  • Huichao Wu, Huimin Liu, Jie Bai, Yang Lu, Shouying Du. Simultaneous determination of notoginsenoside R₁, ginsenoside Rg₁, ginsenoside Re and 20(S) protopanaxatriol in beagle dog plasma by ultra high performance liquid mass spectrometry after oral administration of a Panax notoginseng saponin preparation. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2015 Jan; 974(?):42-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.10.025. [PMID: 25463196]
  • Yu Zhang, Lijing Yu, Wujie Cai, Shengjie Fan, Li Feng, Guang Ji, Cheng Huang. Protopanaxatriol, a novel PPARγ antagonist from Panax ginseng, alleviates steatosis in mice. Scientific reports. 2014 Dec; 4(?):7375. doi: 10.1038/srep07375. [PMID: 25487878]
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