1-Octacosanol (BioDeep_00000000529)

 

Secondary id: BioDeep_00000859789

human metabolite PANOMIX_OTCML-2023 Endogenous Volatile Flavor Compounds


代谢物信息卡片


OCTACOSANOL (CONSTITUENT OF SAW PALMETTO) [DSC]

化学式: C28H58O (410.4487418)
中文名称: 二十八烷醇, 1-十八烷醇
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 Chinese Herbal Medicine(otcml) 1.15%

分子结构信息

SMILES: C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCO)CCCCCCCCCCCCCC
InChI: InChI=1S/C28H58O/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20-21-22-23-24-25-26-27-28-29/h29H,2-28H2,1H3

描述信息

1-octacosanol is a white crystalline powder. (NTP, 1992)
Octacosan-1-ol is an ultra-long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is octacosane in which a hydrogen attached to one of the terminal carbons is replaced by a hydroxy group. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a fatty alcohol 28:0 and an ultra-long-chain primary fatty alcohol. It derives from a hydride of an octacosane.
1-octacosanol is a straight-chain aliphatic 28-carbon primary fatty alcohol that is used as a nutritional supplement. This high–molecular-weight organic compound is the main component of a natural product wax extracted from plants. 1-octacosanol is reported to possess cholesterol-lowering effects, antiaggregatory properties, cytoprotective use, and ergogenic properties. It has been studied as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of Parkinsons disease.
1-Octacosanol is a natural product found in Ophiopogon intermedius, Prosopis glandulosa, and other organisms with data available.
See also: Saw Palmetto (part of).
1-Octacosanol (also known as n-octacosanol, octacosyl alcohol, cluytyl alcohol, montanyl alcohol) is a straight-chain aliphatic 28-carbon primary fatty alcohol that is common in the epicuticular waxes of plants, including the leaves of many species of Eucalyptus, of most forage and cereal grasses, of Acacia, Trifolium, Pisum and many other legume genera among many others, sometimes as the major wax constituent. Octacosanol also occurs in wheat germ. Octacosanol is insoluble in water but freely soluble in low molecular-weight alkanes and in chloroform (CHCl3). 1-Octacosanol is found in many foods, some of which are common beet, black elderberry, red beetroot, and opium poppy.
1-Octacosanol (also known as n-octacosanol, octacosyl alcohol, cluytyl alcohol, montanyl alcohol) is a straight-chain aliphatic 28-carbon primary fatty alcohol that is common in the epicuticular waxes of plants, including the leaves of many species of Eucalyptus, of most forage and cereal grasses, of Acacia, Trifolium, Pisum and many other legume genera among many others, sometimes as the major wax constituent. Octacosanol also occurs in wheat germ. Octacosanol is insoluble in water but freely soluble in low molecular-weight alkanes and in chloroform (CHCl3). 1-Octacosanol is found in apple.
An ultra-long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is octacosane in which a hydrogen attached to one of the terminal carbons is replaced by a hydroxy group.

同义名列表

27 个代谢物同义名

OCTACOSANOL (CONSTITUENT OF SAW PALMETTO) [DSC]; OCTACOSANOL (CONSTITUENT OF SAW PALMETTO); 1-octacosanol, aluminum (1:3) salt; 1-Octacosanol, >=99\\% (GC); OCTACOSANOL [WHO-DD]; OCTACOSANOL [MART.]; OCTACOSANOL (MART.); Octacosyl alcohol; OCTACOSANOL [MI]; OCTACOSANOL,95\\%; Montanyl alcohol; Octacosanol,(S); Cluytyl alcohol; UNII-81I2215OVK; Octacosan-1-ol; OCTACOSANOL-1; 1-Octacosanol; n-octacosanol; octacosanol; polycosanol; 81I2215OVK; Octanosol; octacosyl; FOH 28:0; O8N; Octacosan-1-ol; 1-Octacosanol



数据库引用编号

23 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

PlantCyc(0)

代谢反应

0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

77 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。



文献列表

  • Yin-Yi Ding, Yumeng Fang, Yuxiang Pan, Jinchi Lan, Tao Xu, Wanyue Zhang, Huijuan Mao, Zhenyu Gu, Xi Chen, Qing Shen. Orally administered octacosanol improves liver insulin resistance in high-fat diet-fed mice through the reconstruction of the gut microbiota structure and inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB inflammatory pathway. Food & function. 2023 Jan; 14(2):769-786. doi: 10.1039/d2fo02463b. [PMID: 36594412]
  • Khalid Bashir Dar, Ruhban Ansar Parry, Aashiq Hussain Bhat, Afaq Hameed Beigh, Maroof Ahmed, Umer Majeed Khaja, Aijaz Hassan Ganie, Manzoor Ahmad Mir, Bilal Ahmad Reshi, Ishfaq Shafi Khan, Showkat Ahmad Ganie. Immunomodulatory efficacy of Cousinia thomsonii C.B. Clarke in ameliorating inflammatory cascade expressions. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2023 Jan; 300(?):115727. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115727. [PMID: 36116611]
  • Milica Zrnic Ciric, Miodrag Ostojic, Ivana Baralic, Jelena Kotur-Stevuljevic, Brizita I Djordjevic, Stana Markovic, Stefan Zivkovic, Ivan Stankovic. Supplementation with Octacosanol Affects the Level of PCSK9 and Restore Its Physiologic Relation with LDL-C in Patients on Chronic Statin Therapy. Nutrients. 2021 Mar; 13(3):. doi: 10.3390/nu13030903. [PMID: 33802219]
  • Mirka Macel, Isabella G S Visschers, Janny L Peters, Nicole M van Dam, Rob M de Graaf. High Concentrations of Very Long Chain Leaf Wax Alkanes of Thrips Susceptible Pepper Accessions (Capsicum spp). Journal of chemical ecology. 2020 Dec; 46(11-12):1082-1089. doi: 10.1007/s10886-020-01226-x. [PMID: 33089351]
  • Ji-Eun Ra, So-Yeun Woo, Kwang-Sik Lee, Mi Ja Lee, Hyun Young Kim, Hyeon Mi Ham, Ill-Min Chung, Du Hyun Kim, Jin Hwan Lee, Woo Duck Seo. Policosanol profiles and adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation potential of Korean wheat seedling extracts according to cultivar and growth time. Food chemistry. 2020 Jul; 317(?):126388. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126388. [PMID: 32078993]
  • Rahul Sharma, Takashi Matsuzaka, Mahesh K Kaushik, Takehito Sugasawa, Hiroshi Ohno, Yunong Wang, Kaori Motomura, Takuya Shimura, Yuka Okajima, Yuhei Mizunoe, Yang Ma, Zahara M Saber, Hitoshi Iwasaki, Shigeru Yatoh, Hiroaki Suzuki, Yuichi Aita, Song-Iee Han, Yoshinori Takeuchi, Naoya Yahagi, Takafumi Miyamoto, Motohiro Sekiya, Yoshimi Nakagawa, Hitoshi Shimano. Octacosanol and policosanol prevent high-fat diet-induced obesity and metabolic disorders by activating brown adipose tissue and improving liver metabolism. Scientific reports. 2019 03; 9(1):5169. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-41631-1. [PMID: 30914769]
  • Yang-Hee Cho, Rozbeh Farhoudi, Muhammad Farooq, Dong-Jin Lee. Evaluating Korean rice genotypes and landraces for octacosanol contents and antioxidant activity. Natural product research. 2017 Dec; 31(23):2778-2782. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1292271. [PMID: 28278625]
  • Surashree Sen Gupta, Mahua Ghosh. Octacosanol educes physico-chemical attributes, release and bioavailability as modified nanocrystals. European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V. 2017 Oct; 119(?):201-214. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.06.020. [PMID: 28648862]
  • Mahesh K Kaushik, Kosuke Aritake, Atsuko Takeuchi, Masashi Yanagisawa, Yoshihiro Urade. Octacosanol restores stress-affected sleep in mice by alleviating stress. Scientific reports. 2017 08; 7(1):8892. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-08874-2. [PMID: 28827687]
  • Tianyi Guo, Qinlu Lin, Xinhua Li, Ying Nie, Long Wang, Limin Shi, Wei Xu, Tao Hu, Ting Guo, Feijun Luo. Octacosanol Attenuates Inflammation in Both RAW264.7 Macrophages and a Mouse Model of Colitis. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2017 May; 65(18):3647-3658. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05465. [PMID: 28122452]
  • L Long, S G Wu, F Yuan, H J Zhang, J Wang, G H Qi. Effects of dietary octacosanol supplementation on laying performance, egg quality, serum hormone levels, and expression of genes related to the reproductive axis in laying hens. Poultry science. 2017 Apr; 96(4):894-903. doi: 10.3382/ps/pew316. [PMID: 27665009]
  • Yu-Wei Liu, Pei-Yuan Zuo, Xiang-Nan Zha, Xing-Lin Chen, Rong Zhang, Xiao-Xiao He, Cheng-Yun Liu. Octacosanol enhances the proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells via activation of the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/Erk pathways. Lipids. 2015 Mar; 50(3):241-51. doi: 10.1007/s11745-015-3991-2. [PMID: 25638063]
  • Angelo Maria Giuffrè, Marco Capocasale. Policosanol in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Seed Oil: the Effect of Cultivar. Journal of oleo science. 2015; 64(6):625-31. doi: 10.5650/jos.ess15002. [PMID: 25891114]
  • D Ramasamy, A Saraswathy. Vitiquinolone--a quinolone alkaloid from Hibiscus vitifolius Linn. Food chemistry. 2014 Feb; 145(?):970-5. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.08.128. [PMID: 24128571]
  • Kyung Myung, Alexander P Parobek, Jeffrie A Godbey, Andrew J Bowling, Heather E Pence. Interaction of organic solvents with the epicuticular wax layer of wheat leaves. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2013 Sep; 61(37):8737-42. doi: 10.1021/jf402846k. [PMID: 23964787]
  • Gregorio Martínez-Sánchez, Livan Delgado-Roche, Arquímides Díaz-Batista, Gema Pérez-Davison, Lamberto Re. Effects of ozone therapy on haemostatic and oxidative stress index in coronary artery disease. European journal of pharmacology. 2012 Sep; 691(1-3):156-62. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.07.010. [PMID: 22796450]
  • Koneni V Sashidhara, Suriya P Singh, Sweta Misra, Jyoti Gupta, Shailja Misra-Bhattacharya. Galactolipids from Bauhinia racemosa as a new class of antifilarial agents against human lymphatic filarial parasite, Brugia malayi. European journal of medicinal chemistry. 2012 Apr; 50(?):230-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.01.057. [PMID: 22348826]
  • Vijaya Ravinayagam, Ravindran Jaganathan, Sachdanandam Panchanadham, Shanthi Palanivelu. Potential Antioxidant Role of Tridham in Managing Oxidative Stress against Aflatoxin-B(1)-Induced Experimental Hepatocellular Carcinoma. International journal of hepatology. 2012; 2012(?):428373. doi: 10.1155/2012/428373. [PMID: 22518320]
  • Anderson Marques de Oliveira, Lucia M Conserva, Jamylle N De Souza Ferro, Fabíola de Almeida Brito, Rosângela P Lyra Lemos, Emiliano Barreto. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of octacosanol from the leaves of Sabicea grisea var. grisea in mice. International journal of molecular sciences. 2012; 13(2):1598-1611. doi: 10.3390/ijms13021598. [PMID: 22408410]
  • Min Chen, Fang Hu, Feng Li, Zhi Zhao, Ying Zhou. [Study on the chemical constituents from Fructus Toosendan (III)]. Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials. 2011 Dec; 34(12):1879-81. doi: . [PMID: 22500422]
  • Dong Min Jung, Mi Jin Lee, Suk Hoo Yoon, Mun Yhung Jung. A gas chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometric analysis of policosanols in commercial vegetable oils. Journal of food science. 2011 Aug; 76(6):C891-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02232.x. [PMID: 22417487]
  • Wende Liu, Xiaoying Zhou, Guotian Li, Lei Li, Lingan Kong, Chenfang Wang, Haifeng Zhang, Jin-Rong Xu. Multiple plant surface signals are sensed by different mechanisms in the rice blast fungus for appressorium formation. PLoS pathogens. 2011 Jan; 7(1):e1001261. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1001261. [PMID: 21283781]
  • Ripu M Kunwar, Keshab P Shrestha, Rainer W Bussmann. Traditional herbal medicine in far-west Nepal: a pharmacological appraisal. Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine. 2010 Dec; 6(?):35. doi: 10.1186/1746-4269-6-35. [PMID: 21144003]
  • V Maruthappan, K Sakthi Shree. Effects of Phyllanthus reticulatus on lipid profile and oxidative stress in hypercholesterolemic albino rats. Indian journal of pharmacology. 2010 Dec; 42(6):388-91. doi: 10.4103/0253-7613.71923. [PMID: 21189912]
  • S B Chandrasekar, M Bhanumathy, A T Pawar, T Somasundaram. Phytopharmacology of Ficus religiosa. Pharmacognosy reviews. 2010 Jul; 4(8):195-9. doi: 10.4103/0973-7847.70918. [PMID: 22228961]
  • Amanda K Broz, Corey D Broeckling, Clelia De-la-Peña, Matthew R Lewis, Erick Greene, Ragan M Callaway, Lloyd W Sumner, Jorge M Vivanco. Plant neighbor identity influences plant biochemistry and physiology related to defense. BMC plant biology. 2010 Jun; 10(?):115. doi: 10.1186/1471-2229-10-115. [PMID: 20565801]
  • Berit Ebert, Daniela Zöller, Alexander Erban, Ines Fehrle, Jürgen Hartmann, Annette Niehl, Joachim Kopka, Joachim Fisahn. Metabolic profiling of Arabidopsis thaliana epidermal cells. Journal of experimental botany. 2010 Mar; 61(5):1321-35. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erq002. [PMID: 20150518]
  • Nurhan T Dunford, Jeff Edwards. Nutritional bioactive components of wheat straw as affected by genotype and environment. Bioresource technology. 2010 Jan; 101(1):422-5. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.08.009. [PMID: 19716291]
  • Daniela Haim, Miriam Berríos, Alfonso Valenzuela, Luis A Videla. Trace quantification of 1-octacosanol and 1-triacontanol and their main metabolites in plasma by liquid-liquid extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2009 Dec; 877(32):4154-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.10.034. [PMID: 19931494]
  • S Mukherjee, S Ray, R S Thakur. Solid lipid nanoparticles: a modern formulation approach in drug delivery system. Indian journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 2009 Jul; 71(4):349-58. doi: 10.4103/0250-474x.57282. [PMID: 20502539]
  • Anna Lytovchenko, Romina Beleggia, Nicolas Schauer, Tal Isaacson, Jan E Leuendorf, Hanjo Hellmann, Jocelyn Kc Rose, Alisdair R Fernie. Application of GC-MS for the detection of lipophilic compounds in diverse plant tissues. Plant methods. 2009 Apr; 5(?):4. doi: 10.1186/1746-4811-5-4. [PMID: 19393072]
  • Angeles Fernández-Arche, Ana Marquez-Martín, Rocío de la Puerta Vazquez, Javier S Perona, Carmen Terencio, Carmen Perez-Camino, Valentina Ruiz-Gutierrez. Long-chain fatty alcohols from pomace olive oil modulate the release of proinflammatory mediators. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry. 2009 Mar; 20(3):155-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2008.01.007. [PMID: 18555679]
  • Takafumi Okabe, Takayoshi Toda, Masashi Inafuku, Koji Wada, Hironori Iwasaki, Hirosuke Oku. Antiatherosclerotic function of Kokuto, Okinawan noncentrifugal cane sugar. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2009 Jan; 57(1):69-75. doi: 10.1021/jf802796m. [PMID: 19072226]
  • Kerstin Koch, Anna Julia Schulte, Angelika Fischer, Stanislav N Gorb, Wilhelm Barthlott. A fast, precise and low-cost replication technique for nano- and high-aspect-ratio structures of biological and artificial surfaces. Bioinspiration & biomimetics. 2008 Dec; 3(4):046002. doi: 10.1088/1748-3182/3/4/046002. [PMID: 18779630]
  • Ying-Kun Qiu, Ting-Guo Kang, De-Qiang Dou, Li Liang, Feng Dong. Three novel compounds from the leaves of Smallanthus sonchifolius. Journal of Asian natural products research. 2008 Nov; 10(11-12):1109-15. doi: 10.1080/10286020802361230. [PMID: 19031255]
  • G Thippeswamy, M L Sheela, Bharathi P Salimath. Octacosanol isolated from Tinospora cordifolia downregulates VEGF gene expression by inhibiting nuclear translocation of NF-B and its DNA binding activity. European journal of pharmacology. 2008 Jul; 588(2-3):141-50. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.04.027. [PMID: 18513715]
  • Stefan P J Dullens, Ronald P Mensink, Marjolijn C E Bragt, Arie K Kies, Jogchum Plat. Effects of emulsified policosanols with different chain lengths on cholesterol metabolism in heterozygous LDL receptor-deficient mice. Journal of lipid research. 2008 Apr; 49(4):790-6. doi: 10.1194/jlr.m700497-jlr200. [PMID: 18162663]
  • Xiao-ying Yang, Hua-gang Liu, Jing-song Lin, Jun-tao Cao. [Effect of octacostyl alcohol preparation on blood free radical metabolism and cardiac endocrine function of rats]. Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University. 2008 Apr; 28(4):652-3. doi: NULL. [PMID: 18495613]
  • Yoshiji Ohta, Koji Ohashi, Tatsuya Matsura, Kenji Tokunaga, Akira Kitagawa, Kazuo Yamada. Octacosanol attenuates disrupted hepatic reactive oxygen species metabolism associated with acute liver injury progression in rats intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride. Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition. 2008 Mar; 42(2):118-25. doi: 10.3164/jcbn.2008017. [PMID: 18385828]
  • Sylvia Keller, Franziska Gimmler, Gerhard Jahreis. Octacosanol administration to humans decreases neutral sterol and bile acid concentration in feces. Lipids. 2008 Feb; 43(2):109-15. doi: 10.1007/s11745-007-3127-4. [PMID: 18004604]
  • Amira N Kassis, Christopher P F Marinangeli, Deepak Jain, Naoyuki Ebine, Peter J H Jones. Lack of effect of sugar cane policosanol on plasma cholesterol in Golden Syrian hamsters. Atherosclerosis. 2007 Sep; 194(1):153-8. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.10.008. [PMID: 17123537]
  • Nizar Nasri, Bruno Fady, Saïda Triki. Quantification of sterols and aliphatic alcohols in Mediterranean stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) populations. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2007 Mar; 55(6):2251-5. doi: 10.1021/jf062911j. [PMID: 17309279]
  • Christopher P F Marinangeli, Amira N Kassis, Deepak Jain, Naoyuki Ebine, Stephen C Cunnane, Peter J H Jones. Comparison of composition and absorption of sugarcane policosanols. The British journal of nutrition. 2007 Feb; 97(2):381-8. doi: 10.1017/s0007114507336763. [PMID: 17298709]
  • Xu Zhang, Zhou Lan, Xiao-ping Dong, Yun Deng, Xiao-mei Hu, Teng Peng, Ping Guo. [Study on the active components of Nardostachys chinensis]. Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials. 2007 Jan; 30(1):38-41. doi: . [PMID: 17539300]
  • J M Calvo Romero, E M Lima Rodríguez. ['Natural' treatments of hypercholesterolemia]. Revista clinica espanola. 2006 Nov; 206(10):504-6. doi: 10.1157/13094900. [PMID: 17129518]
  • J C Ndom, J T Mbafor, A G B Azebaze, J C Vardamides, Z Kakam, A F W Kamdem, A Deville, T M Ngando, Z T Fomum. Secondary metabolites from Senecio burtonii (Compositae). Phytochemistry. 2006 Apr; 67(8):838-42. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.02.010. [PMID: 16580035]
  • K Koch, W Barthlott, S Koch, A Hommes, K Wandelt, W Mamdouh, S De-Feyter, P Broekmann. Structural analysis of wheat wax (Triticum aestivum, c.v. 'Naturastar' L.): from the molecular level to three dimensional crystals. Planta. 2006 Jan; 223(2):258-70. doi: 10.1007/s00425-005-0081-3. [PMID: 16133211]
  • Arrigo F G Cicero, Marco Brancaleoni, Luca Laghi, Franco Donati, Marco Mino. Antihyperlipidaemic effect of a Monascus purpureus brand dietary supplement on a large sample of subjects at low risk for cardiovascular disease: a pilot study. Complementary therapies in medicine. 2005 Dec; 13(4):273-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2005.07.008. [PMID: 16338198]
  • Franka Gniwotta, Gerd Vogg, Vanessa Gartmann, Tim L W Carver, Markus Riederer, Reinhard Jetter. What do microbes encounter at the plant surface? Chemical composition of pea leaf cuticular waxes. Plant physiology. 2005 Sep; 139(1):519-30. doi: 10.1104/pp.104.053579. [PMID: 16113231]
  • Chi Ho Ng, Ka Yiu Leung, Yu Huang, Zhen Yu Chen. Policosanol has no antioxidant activity in human low-density lipoprotein but increases excretion of bile acids in hamsters. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2005 Aug; 53(16):6289-93. doi: 10.1021/jf051269a. [PMID: 16076108]
  • David Nash, Rhys Leeming, Leigh Clemow, Murray Hannah, David Halliwell, David Allen. Quantitative determination of sterols and other alcohols in overland flow from grazing land and possible source materials. Water research. 2005 Aug; 39(13):2964-78. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2005.04.063. [PMID: 15998530]
  • M Venkatesan, M B Viswanathan, N Ramesh, P Lakshmanaperumalsamy. Antibacterial potential from Indian Suregada angustifolia. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2005 Jul; 99(3):349-52. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.01.029. [PMID: 15878247]
  • Sibel Irmak, Nurhan Turgut Dunford. Policosanol contents and compositions of wheat varieties. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2005 Jul; 53(14):5583-6. doi: 10.1021/jf050508r. [PMID: 15998118]
  • Roberto Menéndez, David Marrero, Rosa Más, Ivon Fernández, Luis González, Rosa Maria González. In vitro and in vivo study of octacosanol metabolism. Archives of medical research. 2005 Mar; 36(2):113-9. doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2004.12.006. [PMID: 15847942]
  • Yuguang Lin, Mike Rudrum, Reggy P J van der Wielen, Elke A Trautwein, Gerald McNeill, Aafje Sierksma, Gert W Meijer. Wheat germ policosanol failed to lower plasma cholesterol in subjects with normal to mildly elevated cholesterol concentrations. Metabolism: clinical and experimental. 2004 Oct; 53(10):1309-14. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2004.05.006. [PMID: 15375787]
  • Rainer Gormann, Lukas Schreiber, Herbert Kolodziej. Cuticular wax profiles of leaves of some traditionally used African Bignoniaceae. Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung. C, Journal of biosciences. 2004 Sep; 59(9-10):631-5. doi: 10.1515/znc-2004-9-1004. [PMID: 15540593]
  • James L Hargrove, Phillip Greenspan, Diane K Hartle. Nutritional significance and metabolism of very long chain fatty alcohols and acids from dietary waxes. Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.). 2004 Mar; 229(3):215-26. doi: 10.1177/153537020422900301. [PMID: 14988513]
  • Tai-sheng Lü, Yang-hua Yi, Hong-ying Yuan, Zhi-guo Zhang, Wei Liu. [A new chromone glycoside from Cassia siamea lam]. Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. 2003 Feb; 38(2):113-5. doi: ". [PMID: 12778745]
  • Hyunjung Kim, Sunghee Park, Dae Suk Han, Taesun Park. Octacosanol supplementation increases running endurance time and improves biochemical parameters after exhaustion in trained rats. Journal of medicinal food. 2003; 6(4):345-51. doi: 10.1089/109662003772519903. [PMID: 14977443]
  • Ioanna Gouni-Berthold, Heiner K Berthold. Policosanol: clinical pharmacology and therapeutic significance of a new lipid-lowering agent. American heart journal. 2002 Feb; 143(2):356-65. doi: 10.1067/mhj.2002.119997. [PMID: 11835043]
  • R Menéndez, R Más, A M Amor, N Ledón, J Pérez, R M González, I Rodeiro, M Zayas, S Jiménez. Inhibition of rat lipoprotein lipid peroxidation by the oral administration of D003, a mixture of very long-chain saturated fatty acids. Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology. 2002 Jan; 80(1):13-21. doi: 10.1139/y01-088. [PMID: 11911221]
  • D Marrero Delange, L González Bravo. Trace determination of 1-octacosanol in rat plasma by solid-phase extraction with Tenax GC and capillary gas chromatography. Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications. 2001 Oct; 762(1):43-9. doi: 10.1016/s0378-4347(01)00331-0. [PMID: 11589457]
  • S Wang, F Ye. [Determination of triacontanol and octacosanol in fenglasu and fenglasu capsules by capillary gas chromatography]. Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials. 2001 Oct; 24(10):741-2. doi: . [PMID: 11822291]
  • G Fontani, D Maffei, L Lodi. Policosanol, reaction time and event-related potentials. Neuropsychobiology. 2000; 41(3):158-65. doi: 10.1159/000026649. [PMID: 10754431]
  • F Liu, D Sun. [Active constituents lowering blood-lipid in beeswax]. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica. 1996 Sep; 21(9):553-4, 576. doi: . [PMID: 9772646]
  • L Gonzalez-Bravo, J Magraner-Hernandez, P C Acosta-Gonzalez, N Perez-Souto. Analytical procedure for the determination of 1-octacosanol in plasma by solvent extraction and capillary gas chromatography. Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical applications. 1996 Jul; 682(2):359-63. doi: 10.1016/0378-4347(95)00515-3. [PMID: 8844431]
  • Y Kabir, S Kimura. Tissue distribution of (8-14C)-octacosanol in liver and muscle of rats after serial administration. Annals of nutrition & metabolism. 1995; 39(5):279-84. doi: 10.1159/000177873. [PMID: 8585696]
  • Y Kabir, S Kimura. Biodistribution and metabolism of orally administered octacosanol in rats. Annals of nutrition & metabolism. 1993; 37(1):33-8. doi: 10.1159/000177746. [PMID: 8470870]
  • C F CONSOLAZIO, L O MATOUSH, R A NELSON, G J ISAAC, L M HURSH. EFFECT OF OCTACOSANOL, WHEAT GERM OIL, AND VITAMIN E ON PERFORMANCE OF SWIMMING RATS. Journal of applied physiology. 1964 Mar; 19(?):265-7. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1964.19.2.265. [PMID: 14155293]
  • C F CONSOLAZIO, L O MATOUSH, R A NELSON, G J ISAAC, L M HURSH. Physiological and biochemical evaluation of potential antifatigue drugs. III. The effect of octacosanol, wheat germ oil and vitamin E on the performance of swimming rats. Report. U.S. Army Medical Research and Nutrition Laboratory. 1963 Mar; ?(?):1-2. doi: 10.21236/ad0400739. [PMID: 14022655]