Tetrahydrobiopterin (BioDeep_00000001257)
Secondary id: BioDeep_00000183524, BioDeep_00000873062
human metabolite PANOMIX_OTCML-2023 Endogenous blood metabolite
代谢物信息卡片
(-)-(6R)-2-Amino-6-((1R,2S)-1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4(3H)-pteridinone
化学式: C9H15N5O3 (241.11748400000002)
中文名称: 沙丙蝶呤, 四氢生物喋呤
谱图信息:
最多检出来源 Homo sapiens(blood) 0.03%
分子结构信息
SMILES: CC(C(C1CNC2=C(N1)C(=O)NC(=N2)N)O)O
InChI: InChI=1S/C9H15N5O3/c1-3(15)6(16)4-2-11-7-5(12-4)8(17)14-9(10)13-7/h3-4,6,12,15-16H,2H2,1H3,(H4,10,11,13,14,17)
描述信息
Tetrahydrobiopterin (CAS: 17528-72-2), also known as BH4, is an essential cofactor in the synthesis of neurotransmitters and nitric oxide (PMID: 16946131). In fact, it is used by all three human nitric-oxide synthases (NOS) eNOS, nNOS, and iNOS as well as the enzyme glyceryl-ether monooxygenase. It is also essential in the conversion of phenylalanine into tyrosine by the enzyme phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase; the conversion of tyrosine into L-dopa by the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase; and the conversion of tryptophan into 5-hydroxytryptophan via tryptophan hydroxylase. Specifically, tetrahydrobiopterin is a cofactor for tryptophan 5-hydroxylase 1, tyrosine 3-monooxygenase, and phenylalanine hydroxylase, all of which are essential for the formation of the neurotransmitters dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline. Tetrahydrobiopterin has been proposed to be involved in the promotion of neurotransmitter release in the brain and the regulation of human melanogenesis. A defect in BH4 production and/or a defect in the enzyme dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR) causes phenylketonuria type IV, as well as dopa-responsive dystonias. BH4 is also implicated in Parkinsons disease, Alzheimers disease, and depression. Tetrahydrobiopterin is present in probably every cell or tissue of higher animals. On the other hand, most bacteria, fungi and plants do not synthesize tetrahydrobiopterin (Wikipedia).
A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A16 - Other alimentary tract and metabolism products > A16A - Other alimentary tract and metabolism products > A16AX - Various alimentary tract and metabolism products
C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant
Tetrahydrobiopterin ((Rac)-Sapropterin) is a cofactor of the aromatic amino acid hydroxylases enzymes and also acts as an essential cofactor for all nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms.
同义名列表
41 个代谢物同义名
(-)-(6R)-2-Amino-6-((1R,2S)-1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4(3H)-pteridinone; (6R)-2-amino-6-[(1R,2S)-1,2-dihydroxypropyl]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1H-pteridin-4-one; (6R)-2-Amino-6-[(1R,2S)-1,2-dihydroxypropyl]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4(1H)-pteridinone; (6R)-2-amino-6-[(1R,2S)-1,2-dihydroxypropyl]-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydropteridin-4-one; 2-Amino-6-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydoro-4(1H)-pteridinone; 2-Amino-6-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4(3H)-pteridinone; 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrobiopterin, (S-(r*,s*))-isomer; (6R)-L-Erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin; 6R-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrobiopterin; 1-Butanone, 1-(2,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl); 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-L-Erythrobiopterin; 6beta-5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-L-biopterin; 5,6,7,8-erythro-Tetrahydrobiopterin; (6R)-5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-L-biopterin; Phenylalanine hydroxylase cofactor; (6R)-L-Erythro-tetrahydrobiopterin; 6β-5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-L-biopterin; (6R)-5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrobiopterin; 6R-L-5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrobiopterin; 6R-5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrobiopterin; 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrodictyopterin; L-erythro-Tetrahydrobiopterin; 2,4,5-Trihydroxybutyrophenone; 2,4,5-trihydroxybutyrophenone; 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrobiopterin; Sapropterin dihydrochloride; D-threo-Tetrahydrobiopterin; 6R-Tetrahydro-L-biopterin; (6R)-Tetrahydrobiopterin; Trihydroxybutyrophenone; tetrahydro-6-Biopterin; tetrahydrobiopterin; Sapropterinum; Sapropterina; Sapropterin; 6R-BH4; R-THBP; Kuvan; THBP; BPH4; (Rac)-Sapropterin
数据库引用编号
25 个数据库交叉引用编号
- ChEBI: CHEBI:15372
- ChEBI: CHEBI:59560
- KEGG: C00272
- KEGGdrug: D08505
- PubChem: 135398654
- PubChem: 135402045
- PubChem: 44257
- HMDB: HMDB0000027
- Metlin: METLIN5753
- DrugBank: DB00360
- ChEMBL: CHEMBL1201774
- ChEMBL: CHEMBL337765
- Wikipedia: Sapropterin
- MetaCyc: CPD-14053
- chemspider: 40270
- CAS: 62989-33-7
- CAS: 17528-72-2
- CAS: 27070-47-9
- PMhub: MS000000219
- PubChem: 3570
- KNApSAcK: C00018229
- PDB-CCD: H4B
- 3DMET: B04659
- NIKKAJI: J247.815C
- medchemexpress: HY-107383
分类词条
相关代谢途径
Reactome(24)
- Metabolism
- Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors
- Disease
- Amino acid and derivative metabolism
- Metabolism of lipids
- Metabolism of cofactors
- Diseases of metabolism
- Histidine, lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, proline and tryptophan catabolism
- Signaling Pathways
- Metabolism of nitric oxide: NOS3 activation and regulation
- eNOS activation and regulation
- eNOS activation
- Signaling by Receptor Tyrosine Kinases
- Signaling by VEGF
- VEGFA-VEGFR2 Pathway
- Phenylalanine and tyrosine catabolism
- Phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism
- Phenylalanine metabolism
- Metabolism of amine-derived hormones
- VEGFR2 mediated vascular permeability
- Signaling by Nuclear Receptors
- ESR-mediated signaling
- Extra-nuclear estrogen signaling
- Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis, recycling, salvage and regulation
BioCyc(8)
PlantCyc(5)
代谢反应
601 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。
Reactome(292)
- Metabolism:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Metabolism of nitric oxide: NOS3 activation and regulation:
ADMA + H2O ⟶ DMA + L-Cit - eNOS activation and regulation:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - eNOS activation:
ADMA + H2O ⟶ DMA + L-Cit - Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors:
H2O + Oxygen + PXL ⟶ H2O2 + PDXate - Metabolism of cofactors:
ISCIT + TPN ⟶ 2OG + H+ + TPNH + carbon dioxide - Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis, recycling, salvage and regulation:
GTP + H2O ⟶ DHNTP + HCOOH - Signaling Pathways:
ADORA2A,B + Ade-Rib ⟶ ADORA2A,B:Ade-Rib - Signaling by Receptor Tyrosine Kinases:
H2O + cAMP ⟶ AMP - Signaling by VEGF:
Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ H+ + O2.- + TPN - VEGFA-VEGFR2 Pathway:
Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ H+ + O2.- + TPN - VEGFR2 mediated vascular permeability:
L-Arg + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ L-Cit + NO + TPN - Signaling Pathways:
AcK685- p-Y705,S727-STAT3 dimer + H2O ⟶ CH3COO- + p-Y705,S727-STAT3 dimer - Signaling by Receptor Tyrosine Kinases:
AcK685- p-Y705,S727-STAT3 dimer + H2O ⟶ CH3COO- + p-Y705,S727-STAT3 dimer - Signaling by VEGF:
L-Arg + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ L-Cit + NO + TPN - VEGFA-VEGFR2 Pathway:
L-Arg + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ L-Cit + NO + TPN - VEGFR2 mediated vascular permeability:
L-Arg + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ L-Cit + NO + TPN - Metabolism:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors:
H2O + Oxygen + PXL ⟶ H2O2 + PDXate - Metabolism of cofactors:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis, recycling, salvage and regulation:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - eNOS activation and regulation:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - Metabolism:
ATP + PROP-CoA + carbon dioxide ⟶ ADP + MEMA-CoA + Pi - Metabolism of nitric oxide: NOS3 activation and regulation:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - eNOS activation and regulation:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - eNOS activation:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors:
H2O + Oxygen + PXL ⟶ H2O2 + PDXate - Metabolism of cofactors:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis, recycling, salvage and regulation:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - Signaling Pathways:
AcK685- p-Y705,S727-STAT3 dimer + H2O ⟶ CH3COO- + p-Y705,S727-STAT3 dimer - Signaling by Receptor Tyrosine Kinases:
AcK685- p-Y705,S727-STAT3 dimer + H2O ⟶ CH3COO- + p-Y705,S727-STAT3 dimer - Signaling by VEGF:
L-Arg + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ L-Cit + NO + TPN - VEGFA-VEGFR2 Pathway:
L-Arg + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ L-Cit + NO + TPN - VEGFR2 mediated vascular permeability:
L-Arg + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ L-Cit + NO + TPN - Signaling Pathways:
AcK685- p-Y705,S727-STAT3 dimer + H2O ⟶ CH3COO- + p-Y705,S727-STAT3 dimer - Signaling by Receptor Tyrosine Kinases:
AcK685- p-Y705,S727-STAT3 dimer + H2O ⟶ CH3COO- + p-Y705,S727-STAT3 dimer - Signaling by VEGF:
L-Arg + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ L-Cit + NO + TPN - VEGFA-VEGFR2 Pathway:
L-Arg + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ L-Cit + NO + TPN - VEGFR2 mediated vascular permeability:
L-Arg + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ L-Cit + NO + TPN - Metabolism:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Metabolism of nitric oxide: NOS3 activation and regulation:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - eNOS activation and regulation:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - eNOS activation:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors:
H2O + Oxygen + PXL ⟶ H2O2 + PDXate - Metabolism of cofactors:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis, recycling, salvage and regulation:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - Metabolism:
2MACA-CoA + CoA ⟶ Ac-CoA + PROP-CoA - Metabolism of nitric oxide: NOS3 activation and regulation:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - eNOS activation:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors:
H2O + Oxygen + PXL ⟶ H2O2 + PDXate - Metabolism of cofactors:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis, recycling, salvage and regulation:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - Signaling Pathways:
AcK685- p-Y705,S727-STAT3 dimer + H2O ⟶ CH3COO- + p-Y705,S727-STAT3 dimer - Signaling by Receptor Tyrosine Kinases:
AcK685- p-Y705,S727-STAT3 dimer + H2O ⟶ CH3COO- + p-Y705,S727-STAT3 dimer - Signaling by VEGF:
L-Arg + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ L-Cit + NO + TPN - VEGFA-VEGFR2 Pathway:
L-Arg + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ L-Cit + NO + TPN - VEGFR2 mediated vascular permeability:
L-Arg + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ L-Cit + NO + TPN - Metabolism:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Metabolism of nitric oxide: NOS3 activation and regulation:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - eNOS activation and regulation:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - eNOS activation:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors:
H2O + Oxygen + PXL ⟶ H2O2 + PDXate - Metabolism of cofactors:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis, recycling, salvage and regulation:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - Signaling Pathways:
AcK685- p-Y705,S727-STAT3 dimer + H2O ⟶ CH3COO- + p-Y705,S727-STAT3 dimer - Signaling by Receptor Tyrosine Kinases:
AcK685- p-Y705,S727-STAT3 dimer + H2O ⟶ CH3COO- + p-Y705,S727-STAT3 dimer - Signaling by VEGF:
L-Arg + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ L-Cit + NO + TPN - VEGFA-VEGFR2 Pathway:
L-Arg + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ L-Cit + NO + TPN - VEGFR2 mediated vascular permeability:
L-Arg + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ L-Cit + NO + TPN - Metabolism:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Metabolism of nitric oxide: NOS3 activation and regulation:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - eNOS activation and regulation:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - eNOS activation:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors:
H2O + Oxygen + PXL ⟶ H2O2 + PDXate - Metabolism of cofactors:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis, recycling, salvage and regulation:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - Signaling Pathways:
AcK685- p-Y705,S727-STAT3 dimer + H2O ⟶ CH3COO- + p-Y705,S727-STAT3 dimer - Signaling by Receptor Tyrosine Kinases:
AcK685- p-Y705,S727-STAT3 dimer + H2O ⟶ CH3COO- + p-Y705,S727-STAT3 dimer - Signaling by VEGF:
L-Arg + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ L-Cit + NO + TPN - VEGFA-VEGFR2 Pathway:
L-Arg + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ L-Cit + NO + TPN - VEGFR2 mediated vascular permeability:
L-Arg + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ L-Cit + NO + TPN - Metabolism:
2MACA-CoA + CoA ⟶ Ac-CoA + PROP-CoA - Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - Metabolism of cofactors:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis, recycling, salvage and regulation:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - Signaling Pathways:
H2O + cAMP ⟶ AMP - Signaling by Receptor Tyrosine Kinases:
H2O + cAMP ⟶ AMP - Signaling by VEGF:
L-Arg + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ L-Cit + NO + TPN - VEGFA-VEGFR2 Pathway:
L-Arg + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ L-Cit + NO + TPN - VEGFR2 mediated vascular permeability:
L-Arg + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ L-Cit + NO + TPN - Metabolism:
2MACA-CoA + CoA ⟶ Ac-CoA + PROP-CoA - Metabolism of nitric oxide: NOS3 activation and regulation:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - eNOS activation and regulation:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - eNOS activation:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors:
H2O + Oxygen + PXL ⟶ H2O2 + PDXate - Metabolism of cofactors:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis, recycling, salvage and regulation:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - Signaling Pathways:
AcK685- p-Y705,S727-STAT3 dimer + H2O ⟶ CH3COO- + p-Y705,S727-STAT3 dimer - Signaling by Receptor Tyrosine Kinases:
AcK685- p-Y705,S727-STAT3 dimer + H2O ⟶ CH3COO- + p-Y705,S727-STAT3 dimer - Signaling by VEGF:
L-Arg + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ L-Cit + NO + TPN - VEGFA-VEGFR2 Pathway:
L-Arg + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ L-Cit + NO + TPN - VEGFR2 mediated vascular permeability:
L-Arg + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ L-Cit + NO + TPN - Signaling Pathways:
PKA tetramer + cAMP ⟶ PKA tetramer:4xcAMP - Signaling by Receptor Tyrosine Kinases:
L-Arg + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ L-Cit + NO + TPN - Signaling by VEGF:
L-Arg + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ L-Cit + NO + TPN - VEGFA-VEGFR2 Pathway:
L-Arg + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ L-Cit + NO + TPN - VEGFR2 mediated vascular permeability:
L-Arg + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ L-Cit + NO + TPN - Metabolism:
CAR + propionyl CoA ⟶ CoA-SH + Propionylcarnitine - Metabolism of nitric oxide: NOS3 activation and regulation:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - eNOS activation and regulation:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - eNOS activation:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors:
4x(PC:Mn2+) + ATP + Btn ⟶ 4x(Btn-PC:Mn2+) + AMP + PPi - Metabolism of cofactors:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis, recycling, salvage and regulation:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - Metabolism:
GAA + SAM ⟶ CRET + H+ + SAH - Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors:
4x(PC:Mn2+) + ATP + Btn ⟶ 4x(Btn-PC:Mn2+) + AMP + PPi - Metabolism of cofactors:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis, recycling, salvage and regulation:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - Signaling Pathways:
PKA tetramer + cAMP ⟶ PKA tetramer:4xcAMP - Signaling by Receptor Tyrosine Kinases:
L-Arg + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ L-Cit + NO + TPN - Signaling by VEGF:
L-Arg + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ L-Cit + NO + TPN - VEGFA-VEGFR2 Pathway:
L-Arg + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ L-Cit + NO + TPN - VEGFR2 mediated vascular permeability:
L-Arg + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ L-Cit + NO + TPN - Metabolism:
ATP + PROP-CoA + carbon dioxide ⟶ ADP + MEMA-CoA + Pi - Metabolism of nitric oxide: NOS3 activation and regulation:
H+ + TPNH + sepiapterin ⟶ TPN + dihydrobiopterin - eNOS activation and regulation:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - eNOS activation:
H+ + TPNH + sepiapterin ⟶ TPN + dihydrobiopterin - Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors:
H2O + Oxygen + PXL ⟶ H2O2 + PDXate - Metabolism of cofactors:
H+ + TPNH + sepiapterin ⟶ TPN + dihydrobiopterin - Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis, recycling, salvage and regulation:
H+ + TPNH + sepiapterin ⟶ TPN + dihydrobiopterin - Signaling Pathways:
AcK685- p-Y705,S727-STAT3 dimer + H2O ⟶ CH3COO- + p-Y705,S727-STAT3 dimer - Signaling by Receptor Tyrosine Kinases:
AcK685- p-Y705,S727-STAT3 dimer + H2O ⟶ CH3COO- + p-Y705,S727-STAT3 dimer - Signaling by VEGF:
Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ H+ + O2.- + TPN - VEGFA-VEGFR2 Pathway:
Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ H+ + O2.- + TPN - VEGFR2 mediated vascular permeability:
PAK1,2,3 dimer + p-VAV family:PIP3:RAC1:GTP ⟶ 2 x p-VAV family:PIP3:RAC1:GTP:PAK 1-3 - eNOS activation and regulation:
H+ + TPNH + sepiapterin ⟶ TPN + dihydrobiopterin - Metabolism of nitric oxide: NOS3 activation and regulation:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - eNOS activation:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - Metabolism of nitric oxide: NOS3 activation and regulation:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - eNOS activation:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - Metabolism of nitric oxide: NOS3 activation and regulation:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - eNOS activation:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - Amino acid and derivative metabolism:
2MACA-CoA + CoA ⟶ Ac-CoA + PROP-CoA - Histidine, lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, proline and tryptophan catabolism:
L-Trp + Oxygen ⟶ NFK - Phenylalanine and tyrosine catabolism:
H2O + L-Phe + Oxygen ⟶ H2O2 + ammonia + kPPV - Metabolism of amine-derived hormones:
Iodine + L-Tyr ⟶ HI + MIT - Catecholamine biosynthesis:
L-Tyr + Oxygen + Tetrahydrobiopterin ⟶ 4aOH-BH4 + Dopa - Serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
5HT + Ac-CoA ⟶ Ac5HT + CoA-SH - Amino acid and derivative metabolism:
2MACA-CoA + CoA ⟶ Ac-CoA + PROP-CoA - Histidine, lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, proline and tryptophan catabolism:
L-Trp + Oxygen ⟶ NFK - Phenylalanine and tyrosine catabolism:
2OG + L-Tyr ⟶ HPPYRA + L-Glu - Metabolism of amine-derived hormones:
Iodine + L-Tyr ⟶ HI + MIT - Catecholamine biosynthesis:
NAd + SAM ⟶ ADR + H+ + SAH - Serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
5HTP ⟶ 5HT + carbon dioxide - Metabolism:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Amino acid and derivative metabolism:
2MACA-CoA + CoA ⟶ Ac-CoA + PROP-CoA - Histidine, lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, proline and tryptophan catabolism:
L-Trp + Oxygen ⟶ NFK - Phenylalanine and tyrosine catabolism:
H2O + L-Phe + Oxygen ⟶ H2O2 + ammonia + kPPV - Metabolism of amine-derived hormones:
Iodine + L-Tyr ⟶ HI + MIT - Catecholamine biosynthesis:
NAd + SAM ⟶ ADR + H+ + SAH - Serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
5HTP ⟶ 5HT + carbon dioxide - Metabolism:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Amino acid and derivative metabolism:
2MACA-CoA + CoA ⟶ Ac-CoA + PROP-CoA - Histidine, lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, proline and tryptophan catabolism:
L-Trp + Oxygen ⟶ NFK - Phenylalanine and tyrosine catabolism:
2OG + L-Tyr ⟶ HPPYRA + L-Glu - Metabolism of amine-derived hormones:
MIT + TPNH ⟶ I- + L-Tyr + TPN - Catecholamine biosynthesis:
AscH- + DA + Oxygen ⟶ DHA + H2O + NAd - Serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
5HTP ⟶ 5HT + carbon dioxide - Amino acid and derivative metabolism:
2MACA-CoA + CoA ⟶ Ac-CoA + PROP-CoA - Histidine, lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, proline and tryptophan catabolism:
L-Trp + Oxygen ⟶ NFK - Phenylalanine and tyrosine catabolism:
H2O + L-Phe + Oxygen ⟶ H2O2 + ammonia + kPPV - Metabolism of amine-derived hormones:
Iodine + L-Tyr ⟶ HI + MIT - Serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
L-Trp + Oxygen + Tetrahydrobiopterin ⟶ 4aOH-BH4 + 5HTP - Amino acid and derivative metabolism:
2MACA-CoA + CoA ⟶ Ac-CoA + PROP-CoA - Histidine, lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, proline and tryptophan catabolism:
L-Trp + Oxygen ⟶ NFK - Phenylalanine and tyrosine catabolism:
2OG + L-Tyr ⟶ HPPYRA + L-Glu - Metabolism of amine-derived hormones:
Iodine + L-Tyr ⟶ HI + MIT - Catecholamine biosynthesis:
AscH- + DA + Oxygen ⟶ DHA + H2O + NAd - Serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
5HTP ⟶ 5HT + carbon dioxide - Amino acid and derivative metabolism:
2MACA-CoA + CoA ⟶ Ac-CoA + PROP-CoA - Histidine, lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, proline and tryptophan catabolism:
L-Trp + Oxygen ⟶ NFK - Phenylalanine and tyrosine catabolism:
H2O + L-Phe + Oxygen ⟶ H2O2 + ammonia + kPPV - Metabolism of amine-derived hormones:
Iodine + L-Tyr ⟶ HI + MIT - Catecholamine biosynthesis:
NAd + SAM ⟶ ADR + H+ + SAH - Serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
5HTP ⟶ 5HT + carbon dioxide - Amino acid and derivative metabolism:
2MACA-CoA + CoA ⟶ Ac-CoA + PROP-CoA - Histidine, lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, proline and tryptophan catabolism:
L-Trp + Oxygen ⟶ NFK - Phenylalanine and tyrosine catabolism:
H2O + L-Phe + Oxygen ⟶ H2O2 + ammonia + kPPV - Metabolism of amine-derived hormones:
Iodine + L-Tyr ⟶ HI + MIT - Catecholamine biosynthesis:
NAd + SAM ⟶ ADR + H+ + SAH - Serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
5HTP ⟶ 5HT + carbon dioxide - Amino acid and derivative metabolism:
2MACA-CoA + CoA ⟶ Ac-CoA + PROP-CoA - Histidine, lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, proline and tryptophan catabolism:
L-Trp + Oxygen ⟶ NFK - Phenylalanine and tyrosine catabolism:
H2O + L-Phe + Oxygen ⟶ H2O2 + ammonia + kPPV - Metabolism of amine-derived hormones:
Iodine + L-Tyr ⟶ HI + MIT - Catecholamine biosynthesis:
NAd + SAM ⟶ ADR + H+ + SAH - Serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
5HTP ⟶ 5HT + carbon dioxide - Amino acid and derivative metabolism:
2MACA-CoA + CoA ⟶ Ac-CoA + PROP-CoA - Histidine, lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, proline and tryptophan catabolism:
L-Trp + Oxygen ⟶ NFK - Phenylalanine and tyrosine catabolism:
H2O + L-Phe + Oxygen ⟶ H2O2 + ammonia + kPPV - Metabolism of amine-derived hormones:
Iodine + L-Tyr ⟶ HI + MIT - Catecholamine biosynthesis:
NAd + SAM ⟶ ADR + H+ + SAH - Serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
5HTP ⟶ 5HT + carbon dioxide - Amino acid and derivative metabolism:
2MACA-CoA + CoA ⟶ Ac-CoA + PROP-CoA - Histidine, lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, proline and tryptophan catabolism:
L-Trp + Oxygen ⟶ NFK - Phenylalanine and tyrosine catabolism:
H2O + L-Phe + Oxygen ⟶ H2O2 + ammonia + kPPV - Metabolism of amine-derived hormones:
Iodine + L-Tyr ⟶ HI + MIT - Catecholamine biosynthesis:
NAd + SAM ⟶ ADR + H+ + SAH - Serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
5HTP ⟶ 5HT + carbon dioxide - Metabolism:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Amino acid and derivative metabolism:
2MACA-CoA + CoA ⟶ Ac-CoA + PROP-CoA - Histidine, lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, proline and tryptophan catabolism:
L-Trp + Oxygen ⟶ NFK - Phenylalanine and tyrosine catabolism:
2OG + L-Tyr ⟶ HPPYRA + L-Glu - Amine-derived hormones:
Iodine + L-Tyr ⟶ HI + MIT - Catecholamine biosynthesis:
DA + Oxygen + VitC ⟶ DHA + H2O + NAd - Serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
5HTP ⟶ 5HT + carbon dioxide - Metabolism:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Amino acid and derivative metabolism:
2MACA-CoA + CoA ⟶ Ac-CoA + PROP-CoA - Histidine, lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, proline and tryptophan catabolism:
L-Trp + Oxygen ⟶ NFK - Phenylalanine and tyrosine catabolism:
H2O + L-Phe + Oxygen ⟶ H2O2 + ammonia + kPPV - Metabolism of amine-derived hormones:
NAd + SAM ⟶ ADR + H+ + SAH - Catecholamine biosynthesis:
NAd + SAM ⟶ ADR + H+ + SAH - Catecholamine biosynthesis:
L-Tyr + Oxygen + Tetrahydrobiopterin ⟶ 4aOH-BH4 + Dopa - Phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism:
2OG + L-Tyr ⟶ HPPYRA + L-Glu - Phenylalanine metabolism:
L-Phe + PYR ⟶ 3IN-PYRA + L-Ala - Phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism:
H2O + L-Phe + Oxygen ⟶ H2O2 + ammonia + kPPV - Phenylalanine metabolism:
H2O + L-Phe + Oxygen ⟶ H2O2 + ammonia + kPPV - Phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism:
H2O + L-Phe + Oxygen ⟶ H2O2 + ammonia + kPPV - Phenylalanine metabolism:
H2O + L-Phe + Oxygen ⟶ H2O2 + ammonia + kPPV - Phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism:
H2O + L-Phe + Oxygen ⟶ H2O2 + ammonia + kPPV - Phenylalanine metabolism:
H2O + L-Phe + Oxygen ⟶ H2O2 + ammonia + kPPV - Phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism:
H2O + L-Phe + Oxygen ⟶ H2O2 + ammonia + kPPV - Phenylalanine metabolism:
H2O + L-Phe + Oxygen ⟶ H2O2 + ammonia + kPPV - Phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism:
H2O + L-Phe + Oxygen ⟶ H2O2 + ammonia + kPPV - Phenylalanine metabolism:
H2O + L-Phe + Oxygen ⟶ H2O2 + ammonia + kPPV - Phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism:
H2O + L-Phe + Oxygen ⟶ H2O2 + ammonia + kPPV - Phenylalanine metabolism:
H2O + L-Phe + Oxygen ⟶ H2O2 + ammonia + kPPV - Phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism:
H2O + L-Phe + Oxygen ⟶ H2O2 + ammonia + kPPV - Phenylalanine metabolism:
H2O + L-Phe + Oxygen ⟶ H2O2 + ammonia + kPPV - Phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism:
2OG + L-Tyr ⟶ HPPYRA + L-Glu - Phenylalanine metabolism:
L-Phe + PYR ⟶ 3IN-PYRA + L-Ala - Phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism:
H2O + L-Phe + Oxygen ⟶ H2O2 + ammonia + kPPV - Phenylalanine metabolism:
H2O + L-Phe + Oxygen ⟶ H2O2 + ammonia + kPPV - Phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism:
H2O + L-Phe + Oxygen ⟶ H2O2 + ammonia + kPPV - Phenylalanine metabolism:
H2O + L-Phe + Oxygen ⟶ H2O2 + ammonia + kPPV - Phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism:
H2O + L-Phe + Oxygen ⟶ H2O2 + ammonia + kPPV - Phenylalanine metabolism:
H2O + L-Phe + Oxygen ⟶ H2O2 + ammonia + kPPV - Metabolism of lipids:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Triglyceride metabolism:
Oxygen + Tetrahydrobiopterin + alkylglycerol ⟶ Glycerol + H2O + dihydrobiopterin + fatty aldehyde - Triglyceride biosynthesis:
Oxygen + Tetrahydrobiopterin + alkylglycerol ⟶ Glycerol + H2O + dihydrobiopterin + fatty aldehyde - Metabolism of lipids:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Triglyceride metabolism:
Oxygen + Tetrahydrobiopterin + alkylglycerol ⟶ Glycerol + H2O + dihydrobiopterin + fatty aldehyde - Triglyceride biosynthesis:
Oxygen + Tetrahydrobiopterin + alkylglycerol ⟶ Glycerol + H2O + dihydrobiopterin + fatty aldehyde - Metabolism of lipids:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Triglyceride metabolism:
Oxygen + Tetrahydrobiopterin + alkylglycerol ⟶ Glycerol + H2O + dihydrobiopterin + fatty aldehyde - Triglyceride biosynthesis:
Oxygen + Tetrahydrobiopterin + alkylglycerol ⟶ Glycerol + H2O + dihydrobiopterin + fatty aldehyde - Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors:
6x(PCCA:PCCB) + ATP + Btn ⟶ 6x(Btn-PCCA:PCCB) + AMP + PPi - Metabolism of cofactors:
H+ + TPNH + sepiapterin ⟶ TPN + dihydrobiopterin - Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis, recycling, salvage and regulation:
H+ + TPNH + sepiapterin ⟶ TPN + dihydrobiopterin - Metabolism of lipids:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Triglyceride metabolism:
Oxygen + Tetrahydrobiopterin + alkylglycerol ⟶ Glycerol + H2O + dihydrobiopterin + fatty aldehyde - Triglyceride biosynthesis:
Oxygen + Tetrahydrobiopterin + alkylglycerol ⟶ Glycerol + H2O + dihydrobiopterin + fatty aldehyde - Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors:
H2O + Oxygen + PXL ⟶ H2O2 + PDXate - Metabolism of cofactors:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis, recycling, salvage and regulation:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - Metabolism of lipids:
ATP + PROP-CoA + carbon dioxide ⟶ ADP + MEMA-CoA + Pi - Triglyceride metabolism:
Oxygen + Tetrahydrobiopterin + alkylglycerol ⟶ Glycerol + H2O + dihydrobiopterin + fatty aldehyde - Triglyceride biosynthesis:
Oxygen + Tetrahydrobiopterin + alkylglycerol ⟶ Glycerol + H2O + dihydrobiopterin + fatty aldehyde - Metabolism of lipids:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Triglyceride metabolism:
Oxygen + Tetrahydrobiopterin + alkylglycerol ⟶ Glycerol + H2O + dihydrobiopterin + fatty aldehyde - Triglyceride biosynthesis:
Oxygen + Tetrahydrobiopterin + alkylglycerol ⟶ Glycerol + H2O + dihydrobiopterin + fatty aldehyde - Metabolism of lipids:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Triglyceride metabolism:
Oxygen + Tetrahydrobiopterin + alkylglycerol ⟶ Glycerol + H2O + dihydrobiopterin + fatty aldehyde - Triglyceride biosynthesis:
Oxygen + Tetrahydrobiopterin + alkylglycerol ⟶ Glycerol + H2O + dihydrobiopterin + fatty aldehyde - Metabolism of lipids:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Triglyceride metabolism:
Oxygen + Tetrahydrobiopterin + alkylglycerol ⟶ Glycerol + H2O + dihydrobiopterin + fatty aldehyde - Triglyceride biosynthesis:
Oxygen + Tetrahydrobiopterin + alkylglycerol ⟶ Glycerol + H2O + dihydrobiopterin + fatty aldehyde - Metabolism of lipids:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Triglyceride metabolism:
Oxygen + Tetrahydrobiopterin + alkylglycerol ⟶ Glycerol + H2O + dihydrobiopterin + fatty aldehyde - Triglyceride biosynthesis:
Oxygen + Tetrahydrobiopterin + alkylglycerol ⟶ Glycerol + H2O + dihydrobiopterin + fatty aldehyde - Metabolism of lipids:
ATP + PROP-CoA + carbon dioxide ⟶ ADP + MEMA-CoA + Pi - Triglyceride metabolism:
Oxygen + Tetrahydrobiopterin + alkylglycerol ⟶ Glycerol + H2O + dihydrobiopterin + fatty aldehyde - Triglyceride biosynthesis:
Oxygen + Tetrahydrobiopterin + alkylglycerol ⟶ Glycerol + H2O + dihydrobiopterin + fatty aldehyde - Metabolism of lipids:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Triglyceride metabolism:
Oxygen + Tetrahydrobiopterin + alkylglycerol ⟶ Glycerol + H2O + dihydrobiopterin + fatty aldehyde - Triglyceride biosynthesis:
Oxygen + Tetrahydrobiopterin + alkylglycerol ⟶ Glycerol + H2O + dihydrobiopterin + fatty aldehyde - Metabolism of lipids:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Triglyceride metabolism:
Oxygen + Tetrahydrobiopterin + alkylglycerol ⟶ Glycerol + H2O + dihydrobiopterin + fatty aldehyde - Triglyceride biosynthesis:
Oxygen + Tetrahydrobiopterin + alkylglycerol ⟶ Glycerol + H2O + dihydrobiopterin + fatty aldehyde - Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors:
H2O + Oxygen + PXL ⟶ H2O2 + PDXate - Metabolism of cofactors:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2 - Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis, recycling, salvage and regulation:
dihydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH4 ⟶ Tetrahydrobiopterin + p-S1177-eNOS:CaM:HSP90:p-AKT1:BH2
BioCyc(23)
- biopterin metabolism:
NADPH + biopterin ⟶ 7,8-dihydrobiopterin + NADP+ - phenylalanine degradation:
O2 + phe + tetrahydrobiopterin ⟶ 4α-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + tyr - Biopterin biosynthesis:
7,8-dihydrobiopterin + NADPH ⟶ H+ + NAD(P)+ + tetrahydrobiopterin - phenylalanine degradation/tyrosine biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + NAD+ ⟶ H+ + L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin + NADH - L-phenylalanine degradation I (aerobic):
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + NAD+ ⟶ H+ + L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin + NADH - L-phenylalanine degradation I (aerobic):
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + NAD+ ⟶ H+ + L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin + NADH - L-phenylalanine degradation I (aerobic):
(6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin ⟶ H2O + L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin - tetrahydrobiopterin de novo biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + NADP+ ⟶ (6R)-6-pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + H+ + NADPH - superpathway of tryptophan utilization:
N-formylkynurenine + H2O ⟶ H+ + L-kynurenine + formate - catecholamine biosynthesis:
H+ + L-dopa ⟶ CO2 + dopamine - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + H+ ⟶ CO2 + serotonin - L-tyrosine biosynthesis IV:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + phe ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + tyr - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
phe ⟶ trans-cinnamate + ammonium - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
N-acetyl-serotonin + SAM ⟶ H+ + SAH + melatonin - catecholamine biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of betalain biosynthesis:
1-O-feruloyl-β-D-glucose + amaranthin ⟶ D-glucopyranose + celosianin II - betalamic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - erythro-tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + NADP+ ⟶ (6R)-6-lactoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + H+ + NADPH - erythro-tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis I:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + NADP+ ⟶ (6R)-6-pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + H+ + NADPH - tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis II:
GTP + H2O ⟶ 7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate + H+ + formate - tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis I:
GTP + H2O ⟶ 7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate + H+ + formate - tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis I:
GTP + H2O ⟶ 7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate + H+ + formate
WikiPathways(0)
Plant Reactome(0)
INOH(3)
- Tyrosine metabolism ( Tyrosine metabolism ):
4-Hydroxy-phenyl-acetaldehyde + H2O + NAD+ ⟶ 4-Hydroxy-phenyl-acetic acid + NADH - Tryptophan degradation ( Tryptophan degradation ):
L-Tryptophan + O2 ⟶ N-Formyl-L-kynurenine - Folate metabolism ( Folate metabolism ):
6-Pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-pterin + NADPH ⟶ 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-biopterin + NADP+
PlantCyc(270)
- rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - (S)-reticuline biosynthesis I:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyramine ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + dopamine - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of betalain biosynthesis:
UDP-α-D-glucose + leucodopachrome ⟶ H+ + UDP + cyclo-dopa 5-O-glucoside - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - betalamic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - (S)-reticuline biosynthesis I:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyramine ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + dopamine - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - betalamic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - betalamic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - betalamic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - betalamic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - betalamic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + tyr ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-dopa - serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis:
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 + trp ⟶ (6R)-4a-hydroxy-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
2-oxoglutarate + L-dopa ⟶ 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpyruvate + Glu - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
2-oxoglutarate + L-dopa ⟶ 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpyruvate + Glu - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
2-oxoglutarate + L-dopa ⟶ 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpyruvate + Glu - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
2-oxoglutarate + L-dopa ⟶ 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpyruvate + Glu - rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II:
3,4-dihydroxyphenylpyruvate + H+ + NADPH ⟶ (R)-3- (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactate + NADP+
COVID-19 Disease Map(0)
PathBank(13)
- Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Metabolism:
Adenosine triphosphate + L-Phenylalanine ⟶ Adenosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate - Phenylketonuria:
Adenosine triphosphate + L-Phenylalanine ⟶ Adenosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate - Tyrosinemia Type 2 (or Richner-Hanhart Syndrome):
Adenosine triphosphate + L-Phenylalanine ⟶ Adenosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate - Tyrosinemia Type 3 (TYRO3):
Adenosine triphosphate + L-Phenylalanine ⟶ Adenosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate - Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Metabolism:
Adenosine triphosphate + L-Tyrosine ⟶ Adenosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate - Tyrosinemia Type 3 (TYRO3):
Adenosine triphosphate + L-Phenylalanine ⟶ Adenosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate - Tyrosinemia Type 2 (or Richner-Hanhart Syndrome):
Adenosine triphosphate + L-Phenylalanine ⟶ Adenosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate - Phenylketonuria:
Adenosine triphosphate + L-Phenylalanine ⟶ Adenosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate - Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Metabolism:
Adenosine triphosphate + L-Phenylalanine ⟶ Adenosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate - Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Metabolism:
Adenosine triphosphate + L-Phenylalanine ⟶ Adenosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate - Tyrosinemia Type 3 (TYRO3):
Adenosine triphosphate + L-Tyrosine ⟶ Adenosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate - Tyrosinemia Type 2 (or Richner-Hanhart Syndrome):
Adenosine triphosphate + L-Tyrosine ⟶ Adenosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate - Phenylketonuria:
Adenosine triphosphate + L-Tyrosine ⟶ Adenosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate
PharmGKB(0)
1 个相关的物种来源信息
在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：
- PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
- NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
- Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
- Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。
点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。
文献列表
- Katherine A Kelly, Cristine L Heaps, Guoyao Wu, Vinod Labhasetwar, Cynthia J Meininger. Nanoparticle-mediated delivery of tetrahydrobiopterin restores endothelial function in diabetic rats.
Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry.
2024 Jul; 148(?):13-22. doi:
10.1016/j.niox.2024.04.009. [PMID: 38642795] - Zengyi Liu, Ruixin Kang, Ning Yang, Xiuhua Pan, Jie Yang, Hongjie Yu, Wanli Deng, Zengguang Jia, Jun Zhang, Qi Shen. Tetrahydrobiopterin inhibitor-based antioxidant metabolic strategy for enhanced cancer ferroptosis-immunotherapy.
Journal of colloid and interface science.
2024 Mar; 658(?):100-113. doi:
10.1016/j.jcis.2023.12.042. [PMID: 38100967] - Zijing Wang, Nan Zhang, Miao Zhang, Yao Jiang, Aik Seng Ng, Esther Bridges, Wei Zhang, Xin Zeng, Qi Luo, Jiabien Liang, Balázs Győrffy, Philip Hublitz, Zhu Liang, Roman Fischer, David Kerr, Adrian L Harris, Shijie Cai. GTP Cyclohydrolase Drives Breast Cancer Development and Promotes EMT in an Enzyme-Independent Manner.
Cancer research.
2023 Oct; 83(20):3400-3413. doi:
10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-3471. [PMID: 37463466] - Long-Ji Ze, Ping Xu, Jian-Jian Wu, Lin Jin, Ahmad Ali Anjum, Guo-Qing Li. Disruption of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) biosynthesis pathway affects cuticle pigmentation in Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata.
Journal of insect physiology.
2023 01; 144(?):104457. doi:
10.1016/j.jinsphys.2022.104457. [PMID: 36427533] - Zongtao Liu, Nianguo Dong, Haipeng Hui, Yixuan Wang, Fayun Liu, Li Xu, Ming Liu, Zhenqi Rao, Zhen Yuan, Yuqiang Shang, Jun Feng, Zhejun Cai, Fei Li. Endothelial cell-derived tetrahydrobiopterin prevents aortic valve calcification.
European heart journal.
2022 05; 43(17):1652-1664. doi:
10.1093/eurheartj/ehac037. [PMID: 35139535] - Katsuya Miyajima, Yusuke Sudo, Sho Sanechika, Yoshitaka Hara, Mieko Horiguchi, Feng Xu, Minori Suzuki, Satoshi Hara, Koichi Tanda, Ken-Ichi Inoue, Masahiko Takada, Nozomu Yoshioka, Hirohide Takebayashi, Masayo Mori-Kojima, Masahiro Sugimoto, Chiho Sumi-Ichinose, Kazunao Kondo, Keizo Takao, Tsuyoshi Miyakawa, Hiroshi Ichinose. Perturbation of monoamine metabolism and enhanced fear responses in mice defective in the regeneration of tetrahydrobiopterin.
Journal of neurochemistry.
2022 04; 161(2):129-145. doi:
10.1111/jnc.15600. [PMID: 35233765] - Angela V Bisconti, Ryan S Garten, Ryan M Broxterman, Catherine L Jarrett, Soung Hun Park, Katherine L Shields, Heather L Clifton, Stephen M Ratchford, Van Reese, Jia Zhao, D Walter Wray, Russell S Richardson. No effect of acute tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) supplementation on vascular dysfunction in the old.
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985).
2022 03; 132(3):773-784. doi:
10.1152/japplphysiol.00711.2021. [PMID: 35112931] - Atanu Sen, Archna Singh, Ambuj Roy, Sujata Mohanty, Nitish Naik, Mani Kalaivani, Lakshmy Ramakrishnan. Role of endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) in determining ECFCs functionality in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients.
Scientific reports.
2022 02; 12(1):3076. doi:
10.1038/s41598-022-06758-8. [PMID: 35197509] - Mina Tamura, Shizuka Seki, Yasuyuki Kakurai, Shuichi Chikada, Kento Wada. Sapropterin for phenylketonuria: A Japanese post-marketing surveillance study.
Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society.
2022 Jan; 64(1):e14939. doi:
10.1111/ped.14939. [PMID: 34331785] - Kathrin M Engel, Sven Baumann, Janet Blaurock, Ulrike Rolle-Kampczyk, Jürgen Schiller, Martin von Bergen, Sonja Grunewald. Differences in the sperm metabolomes of smoking and nonsmoking men†.
Biology of reproduction.
2021 12; 105(6):1484-1493. doi:
10.1093/biolre/ioab179. [PMID: 34554205] - Muriel Bouly, Marie-Pierre Bourguignon, Susanne Roesch, Pascal Rigouin, Willy Gosgnach, Elodie Bossard, Emilie Royere, Nicolas Diguet, Patricia Sansilvestri-Morel, Ariane Bonnin, Laura Xuereb, Pascal Berson, Michel Komajda, Peter Bernhardt, Benoit Tyl. Aging increases circulating BH2 without modifying BH4 levels and impairs peripheral vascular function in healthy adults.
Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine.
2021 12; 238(?):36-48. doi:
10.1016/j.trsl.2021.07.004. [PMID: 34332154] - Gabor Czibik, Zaineb Mezdari, Dogus Murat Altintas, Juliette Bréhat, Maria Pini, Thomas d'Humières, Thaïs Delmont, Costin Radu, Marielle Breau, Hao Liang, Cecile Martel, Azania Abatan, Rizwan Sarwar, Ophélie Marion, Suzain Naushad, Yanyan Zhang, Maissa Halfaoui, Nadine Suffee, Didier Morin, Serge Adnot, Stéphane Hatem, Arash Yavari, Daigo Sawaki, Geneviève Derumeaux. Dysregulated Phenylalanine Catabolism Plays a Key Role in the Trajectory of Cardiac Aging.
Circulation.
2021 08; 144(7):559-574. doi:
10.1161/circulationaha.121.054204. [PMID: 34162223] - Katja Schmitz, Sandra Trautmann, Lisa Hahnefeld, Caroline Fischer, Yannick Schreiber, Annett Wilken-Schmitz, Robert Gurke, Robert Brunkhorst, Ernst R Werner, Katrin Watschinger, Sabine Wicker, Dominique Thomas, Gerd Geisslinger, Irmgard Tegeder. Sapropterin (BH4) Aggravates Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice.
Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics.
2021 07; 18(3):1862-1879. doi:
10.1007/s13311-021-01043-4. [PMID: 33844153] - Shelly A Buffington, Sean W Dooling, Martina Sgritta, Cecilia Noecker, Oscar D Murillo, Daniela F Felice, Peter J Turnbaugh, Mauro Costa-Mattioli. Dissecting the contribution of host genetics and the microbiome in complex behaviors.
Cell.
2021 04; 184(7):1740-1756.e16. doi:
10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.009. [PMID: 33705688] - Ricardo Carnicer, Drew Duglan, Klemen Ziberna, Alice Recalde, Svetlana Reilly, Jillian N Simon, Simona Mafrici, Ritu Arya, Esther Roselló-Lletí, Surawee Chuaiphichai, Damian Tyler, Craig A Lygate, Keith M Channon, Barbara Casadei. BH4 Increases nNOS Activity and Preserves Left Ventricular Function in Diabetes.
Circulation research.
2021 03; 128(5):585-601. doi:
10.1161/circresaha.120.316656. [PMID: 33494625] - Mariluz Soula, Ross A Weber, Omkar Zilka, Hanan Alwaseem, Konnor La, Frederick Yen, Henrik Molina, Javier Garcia-Bermudez, Derek A Pratt, Kıvanç Birsoy. Metabolic determinants of cancer cell sensitivity to canonical ferroptosis inducers.
Nature chemical biology.
2020 12; 16(12):1351-1360. doi:
10.1038/s41589-020-0613-y. [PMID: 32778843] - Helene Nehring, Svenja Meierjohann, Jose Pedro Friedmann Angeli. Emerging aspects in the regulation of ferroptosis.
Biochemical Society transactions.
2020 10; 48(5):2253-2259. doi:
10.1042/bst20200523. [PMID: 33125483] - Ronja Hesthammer, Stian Dahle, Jon Peder Storesund, Torunn Eide, Rune Djurhuus, Asbjørn M Svardal, Einar Thorsen. Nitric oxide in exhaled gas and tetrahydrobiopterin in plasma after exposure to hyperoxia.
Undersea & hyperbaric medicine : journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc.
2020 Sec; 47(2):197-202. doi:
. [PMID: 32574435] - Masahide Fujita, Débora da Luz Scheffer, Bruna Lenfers Turnes, Shane J F Cronin, Alban Latrémolière, Michael Costigan, Clifford J Woolf, Alexandra Latini, Nick A Andrews. Sepiapterin Reductase Inhibition Leading to Selective Reduction of Inflammatory Joint Pain in Mice and Increased Urinary Sepiapterin Levels in Humans and Mice.
Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.).
2020 01; 72(1):57-66. doi:
10.1002/art.41060. [PMID: 31350812] - James T Meyer, Brian A Sparling, William J McCarty, Maosheng Zhang, Marcus Soto, Stephen Schneider, Hao Chen, Jonathan Roberts, Helming Tan, Thomas Kornecook, Paul S Andrews, Charles G Knutson. Pharmacological Assessment of Sepiapterin Reductase Inhibition on Tactile Response in the Rat.
The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.
2019 11; 371(2):476-486. doi:
10.1124/jpet.119.257105. [PMID: 31110114] - Juan Carlos Torres-Narváez, Israel Pérez-Torres, Vicente Castrejón-Téllez, Elvira Varela-López, Víctor Hugo Oidor-Chan, Verónica Guarner-Lans, Álvaro Vargas-González, Raúl Martínez-Memije, Pedro Flores-Chávez, Etzna Zizith Cervantes-Yañez, Claudia Angélica Soto-Peredo, Gustavo Pastelín-Hernández, Leonardo Del Valle-Mondragón. The Role of the Activation of the TRPV1 Receptor and of Nitric Oxide in Changes in Endothelial and Cardiac Function and Biomarker Levels in Hypertensive Rats.
International journal of environmental research and public health.
2019 09; 16(19):. doi:
10.3390/ijerph16193576. [PMID: 31557799] - Peyman Eshraghi, Samaneh Noroozi Asl, Sepideh Bagheri, Vajiheh Chalak. Response to sapropterin hydrochloride (Kuvan®) in children with phenylketonuria (PKU): a clinical trial.
Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM.
2019 Aug; 32(8):885-888. doi:
10.1515/jpem-2018-0503. [PMID: 31237861] - Neil Smith, Nicola Longo, Keith Levert, Keith Hyland, Nenad Blau. Phase I clinical evaluation of CNSA-001 (sepiapterin), a novel pharmacological treatment for phenylketonuria and tetrahydrobiopterin deficiencies, in healthy volunteers.
Molecular genetics and metabolism.
2019 04; 126(4):406-412. doi:
10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.02.001. [PMID: 30922814] - M Kuczeriszka, A Walkowska, K H Olszynski, J Rafalowska, J Sadowski, E Kompanowska-Jezierska. Arginine and tetrahydrobiopterin supplementation in rats with salt-induced blood pressure increase: minor hypotensive effect but improvement of renal haemodynamics.
Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society.
2019 Apr; 70(2):. doi:
10.26402/jpp.2019.2.05. [PMID: 31356183] - Sibtain Ahmed, Hafsa Majid, Lena Jafri, Aysha Habib Khan, Zeba Zulfiqar Ali, Bushra Afroze. Retrospective Study of Patients with Hyperphenylalaninemia- Experience from a Tertiary Care Center in Pakistan.
JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association.
2019 04; 69(4):509-513. doi:
NULL. [PMID: 31000854] - Katja Zschiebsch, Caroline Fischer, Annett Wilken-Schmitz, Gerd Geisslinger, Keith Channon, Katrin Watschinger, Irmgard Tegeder. Mast cell tetrahydrobiopterin contributes to itch in mice.
Journal of cellular and molecular medicine.
2019 02; 23(2):985-1000. doi:
10.1111/jcmm.13999. [PMID: 30450838] - Marwan Al-Nimer, Rawa Ratha, Taha Mahwi. Utility of Tetrahydrobiopterin Pathway in the Assessment of Diabetic Foot Ulcer: Significant and Complex Interrelations.
Journal of diabetes research.
2019; 2019(?):3426878. doi:
10.1155/2019/3426878. [PMID: 31828160] - Jaume Campistol Plana. [Early diagnosis of phenylketonuria. Physiopathology of the neuronal damage and therapeutic options].
Medicina.
2019; 79 Suppl 3(?):2-5. doi:
NULL. [PMID: 31603834] - Jin Hee Jeong, Nichole Lee, Matthew A Tucker, Paula Rodriguez-Miguelez, Jacob Looney, Jeffrey Thomas, Casandra C Derella, Ahmed El-Marakby, Jacqueline B Musall, Jennifer C Sullivan, Kathleen T McKie, Caralee Forseen, Gareth W Davison, Ryan A Harris. Tetrahydrobiopterin improves endothelial function in patients with cystic fibrosis.
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985).
2019 01; 126(1):60-66. doi:
10.1152/japplphysiol.00629.2018. [PMID: 30433862] - Dalia G Mostafa, Salwa Fares Ahmed, Ola A Hussein. Protective effect of tetrahydrobiopterin on hepatic and renal damage after acute cadmium exposure in male rats.
Ultrastructural pathology.
2018 Nov; 42(6):516-531. doi:
10.1080/01913123.2018.1559566. [PMID: 30595070] - Kristen D Brantley, Teresa D Douglas, Rani H Singh. One-year follow-up of B vitamin and Iron status in patients with phenylketonuria provided tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4).
Orphanet journal of rare diseases.
2018 10; 13(1):192. doi:
10.1186/s13023-018-0923-2. [PMID: 30373601] - Zhiqi Tang, Lijuan Liu, Yujie Guo, Guoxiong Deng, Meixiang Chen, Jinru Wei. Exendin‑4 reverses endothelial dysfunction in mice fed a high‑cholesterol diet by a GTP cyclohydrolase‑1/tetrahydrobiopterin pathway.
Molecular medicine reports.
2018 Sep; 18(3):3350-3358. doi:
10.3892/mmr.2018.9345. [PMID: 30085331] - Paula Rodriguez-Miguelez, Justin Gregg, Nichole Seigler, Leon Bass, Jeffrey Thomas, Jennifer S Pollock, Jennifer C Sullivan, Thomas A Dillard, Ryan A Harris. Acute Tetrahydrobiopterin Improves Endothelial Function in Patients With COPD.
Chest.
2018 09; 154(3):597-606. doi:
10.1016/j.chest.2018.04.028. [PMID: 29705218] - Arafat Nasser, Anette Torvin Møller, Vibe Hellmund, Sidsel Salling Thorborg, Cathrine Jespersgaard, Ole J Bjerrum, Erik Dupont, Gösta Nachman, Jens Lykkesfeldt, Troels Staehelin Jensen, Lisbeth Birk Møller. Heterozygous mutations in GTP-cyclohydrolase-1 reduce BH4 biosynthesis but not pain sensitivity.
Pain.
2018 Jun; 159(6):1012-1024. doi:
10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001175. [PMID: 29470312] - Jinqiu Wei, Yujiao Zhang, Zhan Li, Ximin Wang, Linlin Chen, Juanjuan Du, Jing Liu, Ju Liu, Yinglong Hou. GCH1 attenuates cardiac autonomic nervous remodeling in canines with atrial-tachypacing via tetrahydrobiopterin pathway regulated by microRNA-206.
Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.
2018 05; 41(5):459-471. doi:
10.1111/pace.13289. [PMID: 29436714] - James D Clelland, Laura L Read, Jennifer Smeed, Catherine L Clelland. Regulation of cortical and peripheral GCH1 expression and biopterin levels in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders.
Psychiatry research.
2018 04; 262(?):229-236. doi:
10.1016/j.psychres.2018.02.020. [PMID: 29471261] - Cristina Espinosa-Díez, Verónica Miguel, Susana Vallejo, Francisco J Sánchez, Elena Sandoval, Eva Blanco, Pablo Cannata, Concepción Peiró, Carlos F Sánchez-Ferrer, Santiago Lamas. Role of glutathione biosynthesis in endothelial dysfunction and fibrosis.
Redox biology.
2018 04; 14(?):88-99. doi:
10.1016/j.redox.2017.08.019. [PMID: 28888203] - Teng-Fei Yuan, Han-Qi Huang, Ling Gao, Shao-Ting Wang, Yan Li. A novel and reliable method for tetrahydrobiopterin quantification: Benzoyl chloride derivatization coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis.
Free radical biology & medicine.
2018 04; 118(?):119-125. doi:
10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.02.035. [PMID: 29501564] - Hiroyuki Kinoshita, Kazunobu Otake, Takashi Yamasaki. The Unknown Mechanism of Exogenous Tetrahydrobiopterin in the Renal Protection of Sheep Ischemia and Reperfusion.
Anesthesia and analgesia.
2018 03; 126(3):1088. doi:
10.1213/ane.0000000000002784. [PMID: 29346125] - Akiko Ohashi, Kaori Mamada, Tomonori Harada, Masako Naito, Tomihisa Takahashi, Shin Aizawa, Hiroyuki Hasegawa. Organic anion transporters, OAT1 and OAT3, are crucial biopterin transporters involved in bodily distribution of tetrahydrobiopterin and exclusion of its excess.
Molecular and cellular biochemistry.
2017 Nov; 435(1-2):97-108. doi:
10.1007/s11010-017-3060-7. [PMID: 28534121] - Simone R Potje, Zhenlong Chen, Suellen D'Arc S Oliveira, Lusiane M Bendhack, Roberto S da Silva, Marcelo G Bonini, Cristina Antoniali, Richard D Minshall. Nitric oxide donor [Ru(terpy)(bdq)NO]3+ induces uncoupling and phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase promoting oxidant production.
Free radical biology & medicine.
2017 11; 112(?):587-596. doi:
10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.09.004. [PMID: 28899725] - Jiao Xue, Chenxiao Yu, Wenjiong Sheng, Wei Zhu, Judong Luo, Qi Zhang, Hongying Yang, Han Cao, Wenjie Wang, Jundong Zhou, Jinchang Wu, Peng Cao, Ming Chen, Wei-Qun Ding, Jianping Cao, Shuyu Zhang. The Nrf2/GCH1/BH4 Axis Ameliorates Radiation-Induced Skin Injury by Modulating the ROS Cascade.
The Journal of investigative dermatology.
2017 10; 137(10):2059-2068. doi:
10.1016/j.jid.2017.05.019. [PMID: 28596000] - Lokmane Rahmania, Diego Orbegozo, Fuhong Su, Fabio Silvio Taccone, Jean-Louis Vincent, Daniel De Backer. Administration of Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) Protects the Renal Microcirculation From Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury.
Anesthesia and analgesia.
2017 10; 125(4):1253-1260. doi:
10.1213/ane.0000000000002131. [PMID: 28632534] - Gry Freja Skovsted, Pernille Tveden-Nyborg, Maiken Marie Lindblad, Stine Normann Hansen, Jens Lykkesfeldt. Vitamin C Deficiency Reduces Muscarinic Receptor Coronary Artery Vasoconstriction and Plasma Tetrahydrobiopterin Concentration in Guinea Pigs.
Nutrients.
2017 Jul; 9(7):. doi:
10.3390/nu9070691. [PMID: 28671625] - Francesca Nardecchia, Flavia Chiarotti, Claudia Carducci, Silvia Santagata, Giulia Valentini, Antonio Angeloni, Nenad Blau, Vincenzo Leuzzi. Altered tetrahydrobiopterin metabolism in patients with phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency.
European journal of pediatrics.
2017 Jul; 176(7):917-924. doi:
10.1007/s00431-017-2932-x. [PMID: 28540433] - Jin-Song Shen, Erland Arning, Michael L West, Taniqua S Day, Shuyuan Chen, Xing-Li Meng, Sabrina Forni, Nathan McNeill, Ozlem Goker-Alpan, Xuan Wang, Paula Ashcraft, David F Moore, Seng H Cheng, Raphael Schiffmann, Teodoro Bottiglieri. Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency in the pathogenesis of Fabry disease.
Human molecular genetics.
2017 03; 26(6):1182-1192. doi:
10.1093/hmg/ddx032. [PMID: 28158561] - Jianyun Wang, Qianqian Yang, Yaxing Nie, Hao Guo, Fan Zhang, Xueyan Zhou, Xiaoxing Yin. Tetrahydrobiopterin contributes to the proliferation of mesangial cells and accumulation of extracellular matrix in early-stage diabetic nephropathy.
The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology.
2017 Feb; 69(2):182-190. doi:
10.1111/jphp.12677. [PMID: 28033650] - Jaques Belik, Yulia Shifrin, Erland Arning, Teodoro Bottiglieri, Jingyi Pan, Michelle C Daigneault, Emma Allen-Vercoe. Intestinal microbiota as a tetrahydrobiopterin exogenous source in hph-1 mice.
Scientific reports.
2017 01; 7(?):39854. doi:
10.1038/srep39854. [PMID: 28079055] - Roxana Loperena, David G Harrison. Oxidative Stress and Hypertensive Diseases.
The Medical clinics of North America.
2017 Jan; 101(1):169-193. doi:
10.1016/j.mcna.2016.08.004. [PMID: 27884227] - N Liu, D H Zhao, X L Li, L X Cui, Q H Wu, M Jiang, X D Kong. [PTPS gene analysis and prenatal diagnosis in patients with 6-pyruvoyl-tetra hydropterin synthase deficiency].
Zhonghua fu chan ke za zhi.
2016 Dec; 51(12):890-894. doi:
10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-567x.2016.12.003. [PMID: 28057123] - Matthew S Alkaitis, Hans C Ackerman. Tetrahydrobiopterin Supplementation Improves Phenylalanine Metabolism in a Murine Model of Severe Malaria.
ACS infectious diseases.
2016 11; 2(11):827-838. doi:
10.1021/acsinfecdis.6b00124. [PMID: 27641435] - Hongchao Wang, Chen Zhang, Jinghan Feng, Yuan Liu, Qin Yang, Haiqin Chen, Zhennan Gu, Hao Zhang, Wei Chen, Yong Q Chen. Role of dihydrofolate reductase in tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis and lipid metabolism in the oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina.
Microbiology (Reading, England).
2016 09; 162(9):1544-1553. doi:
10.1099/mic.0.000345. [PMID: 27488762] - Katja Zschiebsch, Caroline Fischer, Geethanjali Pickert, Annett Häussler, Heinfried Radeke, Sabine Grösch, Nerea Ferreirós, Gerd Geisslinger, Ernst R Werner, Irmgard Tegeder. Tetrahydrobiopterin Attenuates DSS-evoked Colitis in Mice by Rebalancing Redox and Lipid Signalling.
Journal of Crohn's & colitis.
2016 Aug; 10(8):965-78. doi:
10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw056. [PMID: 26928964] - Ann M Lin, Peizhou Liao, Erin C Millson, Arshed A Quyyumi, Jeanie Park. Tetrahydrobiopterin ameliorates the exaggerated exercise pressor response in patients with chronic kidney disease: a randomized controlled trial.
American journal of physiology. Renal physiology.
2016 05; 310(10):F1016-25. doi:
10.1152/ajprenal.00527.2015. [PMID: 26962106] - Germaine Korner, Tanja Scherer, Dea Adamsen, Alexander Rebuffat, Mark Crabtree, Anahita Rassi, Rossana Scavelli, Daigo Homma, Birgit Ledermann, Daniel Konrad, Hiroshi Ichinose, Christian Wolfrum, Marion Horsch, Birgit Rathkolb, Martin Klingenspor, Johannes Beckers, Eckhard Wolf, Valérie Gailus-Durner, Helmut Fuchs, Martin Hrabě de Angelis, Nenad Blau, Jan Rozman, Beat Thöny. Mildly compromised tetrahydrobiopterin cofactor biosynthesis due to Pts variants leads to unusual body fat distribution and abdominal obesity in mice.
Journal of inherited metabolic disease.
2016 Mar; 39(2):309-19. doi:
10.1007/s10545-015-9909-6. [PMID: 26830550] - Akiko Ohashi, Yusuke Saeki, Tomonori Harada, Masako Naito, Tomihisa Takahashi, Shin Aizawa, Hiroyuki Hasegawa. Tetrahydrobiopterin Supplementation: Elevation of Tissue Biopterin Levels Accompanied by a Relative Increase in Dihydrobiopterin in the Blood and the Role of Probenecid-Sensitive Uptake in Scavenging Dihydrobiopterin in the Liver and Kidney of Rats.
PloS one.
2016; 11(10):e0164305. doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0164305. [PMID: 27711248] - Shoji Yano, Kathryn Moseley, Xiaowei Fu, Colleen Azen. Evaluation of Tetrahydrobiopterin Therapy with Large Neutral Amino Acid Supplementation in Phenylketonuria: Effects on Potential Peripheral Biomarkers, Melatonin and Dopamine, for Brain Monoamine Neurotransmitters.
PloS one.
2016; 11(8):e0160892. doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0160892. [PMID: 27513937] - Steven C Wyler, Lauren J Donovan, Mia Yeager, Evan Deneris. Pet-1 Controls Tetrahydrobiopterin Pathway and Slc22a3 Transporter Genes in Serotonin Neurons.
ACS chemical neuroscience.
2015 Jul; 6(7):1198-205. doi:
10.1021/cn500331z. [PMID: 25642596] - Bingjuan Han, Hui Zou, Bingchao Han, Weiwei Zhu, Zhiyang Cao, Yingxia Liu. Diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency in Shandong province, China.
Brain & development.
2015 Jun; 37(6):592-8. doi:
10.1016/j.braindev.2014.09.008. [PMID: 25304915] - Abrar Turki, Gayathri Murthy, Keiko Ueda, Barbara Cheng, Alette Giezen, Sylvia Stockler-Ipsiroglu, Rajavel Elango. Minimally invasive (13)C-breath test to examine phenylalanine metabolism in children with phenylketonuria.
Molecular genetics and metabolism.
2015 Jun; 115(2-3):78-83. doi:
10.1016/j.ymgme.2015.04.005. [PMID: 25943030] - Curtis M Loer, Ana C Calvo, Katrin Watschinger, Gabriele Werner-Felmayer, Delia O'Rourke, Dave Stroud, Amy Tong, Jennifer R Gotenstein, Andrew D Chisholm, Jonathan Hodgkin, Ernst R Werner, Aurora Martinez. Cuticle integrity and biogenic amine synthesis in Caenorhabditis elegans require the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4).
Genetics.
2015 May; 200(1):237-53. doi:
10.1534/genetics.114.174110. [PMID: 25808955] - Kathryn D Moseley, Martha J Ottina, Colleen G Azen, Shoji Yano. Pilot study to evaluate the effects of tetrahydrobiopterin on adult individuals with phenylketonuria with measurable maladaptive behaviors.
CNS spectrums.
2015 Apr; 20(2):157-63. doi:
10.1017/s1092852914000455. [PMID: 25323746] - Hendrik Gremmels, Lonneke M Bevers, Joost O Fledderus, Branko Braam, Anton Jan van Zonneveld, Marianne C Verhaar, Jaap A Joles. Oleic acid increases mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and decreases endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity in cultured endothelial cells.
European journal of pharmacology.
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PLoS pathogens.
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PLoS pathogens.
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
2015 Feb; 112(8):2431-6. doi:
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American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology.
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Clinical pharmacokinetics.
2015 Feb; 54(2):195-207. doi:
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PloS one.
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Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity.
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The Journal of pediatrics.
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American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology.
2014 Dec; 307(11):H1559-64. doi:
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Shock (Augusta, Ga.).
2014 Nov; 42(5):432-9. doi:
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Vascular pharmacology.
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Photochemistry and photobiology.
2014 Sep; 90(5):1043-9. doi:
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Journal of veterinary internal medicine.
2014 Sep; 28(5):1520-6. doi:
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Toxins.
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Journal of nephrology.
2014 Jun; 27(3):281-7. doi:
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American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology.
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Brain & development.
2014 Mar; 36(3):268-71. doi:
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International journal of environmental research and public health.
2014 Jan; 11(2):1549-56. doi:
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Health and quality of life outcomes.
2013 Dec; 11(?):218. doi:
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Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985).
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Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.).
2013 Oct; 33(10):859-67. doi:
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Thorax.
2013 Oct; 68(10):938-48. doi:
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Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985).
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Molecular genetics and metabolism.
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Brain & development.
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Applied and environmental microbiology.
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IUBMB life.
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Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.
2013 Mar; 33(3):459-65. doi:
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Advances in therapy.
2013 Mar; 30(3):212-28. doi:
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Journal of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system : JRAAS.
2013 Mar; 14(1):67-73. doi:
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International journal of cancer.
2013 Feb; 132(3):591-604. doi:
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Journal of the American College of Cardiology.
2013 Jan; 61(3):335-43. doi:
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Journal of ethnopharmacology.
2013 Jan; 145(1):162-7. doi:
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PLoS pathogens.
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Molecular genetics and metabolism.
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Critical care medicine.
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