Classification Term: 170659
Phenylethylamines (ontology term: 26614ce32b640a0199e500495ff8a25e)
found 143 associated metabolites at sub_class metabolite taxonomy ontology rank level.
Ancestor: Tyrosine alkaloids
Child Taxonomies: There is no child term of current ontology term.
Dopamine
Dopamine is a member of the catecholamine family of neurotransmitters in the brain and is a precursor to epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline). Dopamine is synthesized in the body (mainly by nervous tissue and adrenal glands) first by the hydration of the amino acid tyrosine to DOPA by tyrosine hydroxylase and then by the decarboxylation of DOPA by aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase. Dopamine is a major transmitter in the extrapyramidal system of the brain, and important in regulating movement. A family of receptors (dopamine receptors) mediates its action, which plays a major role in reward-motivated behaviour. Dopamine has many other functions outside the brain. In blood vessels, dopamine inhibits norepinephrine release and acts as a vasodilator (at normal concentrations); in the kidneys, it increases sodium excretion and urine output; in the pancreas, it reduces insulin production; in the digestive system, it reduces gastrointestinal motility and protects intestinal mucosa; and in the immune system, it reduces the activity of lymphocytes. Parkinsons disease, a degenerative condition causing tremor and motor impairment, is caused by a loss of dopamine-secreting neurons in an area of the midbrain called the substantia nigra. There is evidence that schizophrenia involves altered levels of dopamine activity, and most antipsychotic drugs used to treat this are dopamine antagonists, which reduce dopamine activity. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, and addiction are also characterized by defects in dopamine production or metabolism. It has been suggested that animals derived their dopamine-synthesizing machinery from bacteria via horizontal gene transfer that may have occurred relatively late in evolutionary time. This is perhaps a result of the symbiotic incorporation of bacteria into eukaryotic cells that gave rise to mitochondria. Dopamine is elevated in the urine of people who consume bananas. When present in sufficiently high levels, dopamine can be a neurotoxin and a metabotoxin. A neurotoxin is a compound that disrupts or attacks neural tissue. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of dopamine are associated with neuroblastoma, Costello syndrome, leukemia, phaeochromocytoma, aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency, and Menkes disease (MNK). High levels of dopamine can lead to hyperactivity, insomnia, agitation and anxiety, depression, delusions, excessive salivation, nausea, and digestive problems. A study has shown that urinary dopamine is produced by Bacillus and Serratia (PMID: 24621061) Occurs in several higher plants, such as banana (Musa sapientum). As a member of the catecholamine family, dopamine is a precursor to norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and then epinephrine (adrenaline) in the biosynthetic pathways for these neurotransmitters. Dopamine is elevated in the urine of people who consume bananas. Dopamine is found in many foods, some of which are garden onion, purslane, garden tomato, and swiss chard. Dopamine (DA, a contraction of 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) is a neuromodulatory molecule that plays several important roles in cells. It is an organic chemical of the catecholamine and phenethylamine families. Dopamine constitutes about 80\% of the catecholamine content in the brain. It is an amine synthesized by removing a carboxyl group from a molecule of its precursor chemical, L-DOPA, which is synthesized in the brain and kidneys. Dopamine is also synthesized in plants and most animals. In the brain, dopamine functions as a neurotransmitter—a chemical released by neurons (nerve cells) to send signals to other nerve cells. Neurotransmitters are synthesized in specific regions of the brain, but affect many regions systemically. The brain includes several distinct dopamine pathways, one of which plays a major role in the motivational component of reward-motivated behavior. The anticipation of most types of rewards increases the level of dopamine in the brain,[4] and many addictive drugs increase dopamine release or block its reuptake into neurons following release.[5] Other brain dopamine pathways are involved in motor control and in controlling the release of various hormones. These pathways and cell groups form a dopamine system which is neuromodulatory.[5] In popular culture and media, dopamine is often portrayed as the main chemical of pleasure, but the current opinion in pharmacology is that dopamine instead confers motivational salience;[6][7][8] in other words, dopamine signals the perceived motivational prominence (i.e., the desirability or aversiveness) of an outcome, which in turn propels the organism's behavior toward or away from achieving that outcome.[8][9] Outside the central nervous system, dopamine functions primarily as a local paracrine messenger. In blood vessels, it inhibits norepinephrine release and acts as a vasodilator; in the kidneys, it increases sodium excretion and urine output; in the pancreas, it reduces insulin production; in the digestive system, it reduces gastrointestinal motility and protects intestinal mucosa; and in the immune system, it reduces the activity of lymphocytes. With the exception of the blood vessels, dopamine in each of these peripheral systems is synthesized locally and exerts its effects near the cells that release it. Several important diseases of the nervous system are associated with dysfunctions of the dopamine system, and some of the key medications used to treat them work by altering the effects of dopamine. Parkinson's disease, a degenerative condition causing tremor and motor impairment, is caused by a loss of dopamine-secreting neurons in an area of the midbrain called the substantia nigra. Its metabolic precursor L-DOPA can be manufactured; Levodopa, a pure form of L-DOPA, is the most widely used treatment for Parkinson's. There is evidence that schizophrenia involves altered levels of dopamine activity, and most antipsychotic drugs used to treat this are dopamine antagonists which reduce dopamine activity.[10] Similar dopamine antagonist drugs are also some of the most effective anti-nausea agents. Restless legs syndrome and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are associated with decreased dopamine activity.[11] Dopaminergic stimulants can be addictive in high doses, but some are used at lower doses to treat ADHD. Dopamine itself is available as a manufactured medication for intravenous injection. It is useful in the treatment of severe heart failure or cardiogenic shock.[12] In newborn babies it may be used for hypotension and septic shock.[13] Dopamine is synthesized in a restricted set of cell types, mainly neurons and cells in the medulla of the adrenal glands.[22] The primary and minor metabolic pathways respectively are: Primary: L-Phenylalanine → L-Tyrosine → L-DOPA → Dopamine[19][20] Minor: L-Phenylalanine → L-Tyrosine → p-Tyramine → Dopamine[19][20][21] Minor: L-Phenylalanine → m-Tyrosine → m-Tyramine → Dopamine[21][23][24] The direct precursor of dopamine, L-DOPA, can be synthesized indirectly from the essential amino acid phenylalanine or directly from the non-essential amino acid tyrosine.[25] These amino acids are found in nearly every protein and so are readily available in food, with tyrosine being the most common. Although dopamine is also found in many types of food, it is incapable of crossing the blood–brain barrier that surrounds and protects the brain.[26] It must therefore be synthesized inside the brain to perform its neuronal activity.[26] L-Phenylalanine is converted into L-tyrosine by the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, with molecular oxygen (O2) and tetrahydrobiopterin as cofactors. L-Tyrosine is converted into L-DOPA by the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase, with tetrahydrobiopterin, O2, and iron (Fe2+) as cofactors.[25] L-DOPA is converted into dopamine by the enzyme aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (also known as DOPA decarboxylase), with pyridoxal phosphate as the cofactor.[25] Dopamine itself is used as precursor in the synthesis of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and epinephrine.[25] Dopamine is converted into norepinephrine by the enzyme dopamine β-hydroxylase, with O2 and L-ascorbic acid as cofactors.[25] Norepinephrine is converted into epinephrine by the enzyme phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase with S-adenosyl-L-methionine as the cofactor.[25] Some of the cofactors also require their own synthesis.[25] Deficiency in any required amino acid or cofactor can impair the synthesis of dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine.[25] Degradation Dopamine is broken down into inactive metabolites by a set of enzymes—monoamine oxidase (MAO), catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT), and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), acting in sequence.[27] Both isoforms of monoamine oxidase, MAO-A and MAO-B, effectively metabolize dopamine.[25] Different breakdown pathways exist but the main end-product is homovanillic acid (HVA), which has no known biological activity.[27] From the bloodstream, homovanillic acid is filtered out by the kidneys and then excreted in the urine.[27] The two primary metabolic routes that convert dopamine into HVA are:[28] Dopamine → DOPAL → DOPAC → HVA – catalyzed by MAO, ALDH, and COMT respectively Dopamine → 3-Methoxytyramine → HVA – catalyzed by COMT and MAO+ALDH respectively In clinical research on schizophrenia, measurements of homovanillic acid in plasma have been used to estimate levels of dopamine activity in the brain. A difficulty in this approach however, is separating the high level of plasma homovanillic acid contributed by the metabolism of norepinephrine.[29][30] Although dopamine is normally broken down by an oxidoreductase enzyme, it is also susceptible to oxidation by direct reaction with oxygen, yielding quinones plus various free radicals as products.[31] The rate of oxidation can be increased by the presence of ferric iron or other factors. Quinones and free radicals produced by autoxidation of dopamine can poison cells, and there is evidence that this mechanism may contribute to the cell loss that occurs in Parkinson's disease and other conditions.[32]
2-Hydroxyphenethylamine
2-Hydroxyphenethylamine, also known as beta-phenethanolamine or 2-amino-1-phenylethanol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as aralkylamines. These are alkylamines in which the alkyl group is substituted at one carbon atom by an aromatic hydrocarbyl group. It is the simplest member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 2-aminoethanol bearing a phenyl substituent at the 1-position. 2-Hydroxyphenethylamine exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. 2-Hydroxyphenethylamine ia an amine found in the brain. It may be modulator of sympathetic functions. Its derivatives are adrenergic agonists and antagonists. Simple amine found in the brain. It may be modulator of sympathetic functions. Its derivatives are adrenergic agonists and antagonists. It is also used in chemical industry. [HMDB] 2-Amino-1-phenylethanol is an analogue of noradrenaline.
Epinephrine
Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is both a neurotransmitter and a hormone. It plays an important role in your body’s “fight-or-flight” response. It’s also used as a medication to treat many life-threatening conditions. Epinephrine is a catecholamine, a sympathomimetic monoamine derived from the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine. It is the active sympathomimetic hormone secreted from the adrenal medulla in most species. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic vasoconstriction and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the heart, and dilates bronchi and cerebral vessels. It is used in asthma and cardiac failure and to delay absorption of local anesthetics. Epinephrine also constricts arterioles in the skin and gut while dilating arterioles in leg muscles. It elevates the blood sugar level by increasing hydrolysis of glycogen to glucose in the liver, and at the same time begins the breakdown of lipids in adipocytes. Epinephrine has a suppressive effect on the immune system. [HMDB] Epinephrine, also called adrenaline, is both a hormone and a neurotransmitter. As a hormone, it’s made and released by your adrenal glands, which are hat-shaped glands that sit on top of each kidney. As a central nervous system neurotransmitter, it’s a chemical messenger that helps transmit nerve signals across nerve endings to another nerve cell, muscle cell or gland cell. Epinephrine is part of your sympathetic nervous system, which is part of your body’s emergency response system to danger — the “fight-or-flight” response. Medically, the flight-or-flight response is known as the acute stress response. Epinephrine is also called a catecholamine, as are norepinephrine and dopamine. They’re given this name because of a certain molecule in its structure. As a hormone, epinephrine is made from norepinephrine inside of your adrenal gland. As a neurotransmitter, epinephrine plays a small role. Only a small amount is produced in your nerves. It plays a role in metabolism, attention, focus, panic and excitement. Abnormal levels are linked to sleep disorders, anxiety, hypertension and lowered immunity. Epinephrine’s major action is in its role as a hormone. Epinephrine is released by your adrenal glands in response to stress. This reaction causes a number of changes in your body and is known as the fight-or-flight response.
Norepinephrine
Norepinephrine is the precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and of the diffuse projection system in the brain arising from the locus ceruleus. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic. Norepinephrine is elevated in the urine of people who consume bananas. Norepinephrine is also a microbial metabolite; urinary noradrenaline is produced by Escherichia, Bacillus, and Saccharomyces (PMID: 24621061). Norepinephrine is found in alcoholic beverages, banana peels and pulp (Musa paradisiaca), red plum fruit (Prunus domestica), orange pulp (Citrus sinensis), potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum), and whole purslane (Portulaca oleracea). P. oleracea is the richest of these sources. Norepinephrine has also been identified as a uremic toxin according to the European Uremic Toxin Working Group (PMID: 22626821). Present in banana peel and pulp (Musa paradisiaca), red plum fruit (Prunus domestica), orange pulp (Citrus sinensis), potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum) and whole purslane (Portulaca oleracea). P. oleracea is the richest of these sources. xi-Norepinephrine is found in many foods, some of which are potato, green vegetables, alcoholic beverages, and fruits.
mescaline
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018490 - Serotonin Agents > D017366 - Serotonin Receptor Agonists D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D006213 - Hallucinogens
Tyramine
Tyramine is a monoamine compound derived from the amino acid tyrosine. Tyramine is metabolized by the enzyme monoamine oxidase. In foods, it is often produced by the decarboxylation of tyrosine during fermentation or decay. Foods containing considerable amounts of tyramine include fish, chocolate, alcoholic beverages, cheese, soy sauce, sauerkraut, and processed meat. A large dietary intake of tyramine can cause an increase in systolic blood pressure of 30 mmHg or more. Tyramine acts as a neurotransmitter via a G protein-coupled receptor with high affinity for tyramine called TA1. The TA1 receptor is found in the brain as well as peripheral tissues including the kidney. An indirect sympathomimetic, Tyramine can also serve as a substrate for adrenergic uptake systems and monoamine oxidase so it prolongs the actions of adrenergic transmitters. It also provokes transmitter release from adrenergic terminals. Tyramine is a biomarker for the consumption of cheese [Spectral] Tyramine (exact mass = 137.08406) and L-Methionine (exact mass = 149.05105) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. [Spectral] Tyramine (exact mass = 137.08406) and Glutathione (exact mass = 307.08381) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D014179 - Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors > D018759 - Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013566 - Sympathomimetics Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents IPB_RECORD: 267; CONFIDENCE confident structure CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 5105 D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators KEIO_ID T008 Tyramine is an amino acid that helps regulate blood pressure. Tyramine occurs naturally in the body, and it's found in certain foods[1]. Tyramine is an amino acid that helps regulate blood pressure. Tyramine occurs naturally in the body, and it's found in certain foods[1].
N-Methyltyramine
N-methyltyramine (NMT) is a phenolic amine. NMT is a potent stimulant of gastrin release present in alcoholic beverages produced by alcoholic fermentation, but not by distillation (i.e.: beer.). NMT is well absorbed in the small intestine, especially in the duodenum and jejunum. NMT is metabolized in the liver (the site of first-pass metabolism), but not in the small-intestinal mucosa. NMT is occasionally present in the stools of children and infants. Satisfactory results have been obtained in treating infective shock with injection of natural Fructus Aurantii immaturus (nat-FAI); the anti-shock effective compositions in FAI have been proved to be synephrine and NMT. (PMID: 10772638, 2570680). Present in germinating barley roots but not dormant grainsand is also present in dormant sawa millet seed hulls, but not hulled seeds. Alkaloid from prosso millet (Panicum miliaceum)
N-Methylserotonin
N-methylserotonin is a product of the serotonin-degradative pathway, found in urine specimens of patients with psychiatric disorders (PubMed ID 8747157 ).
Vanillylamine
Vanillylamine is prepared by reacting vanillin with hydroxylamine or the salts thereof in the presence of an organic salt, which may optionally be produced in situ, wherein the reaction is carried out in an inorganic or organic acid as diluent, and subsequently hydrogenating the resulting vanillyloxime with hydrogen in the presence of a suitable catalyst and an organic and/or inorganic acid.It inhibits microsomal enzyme function; RN given refers to parent cpd. Vanillylamine is a component of capsaicin.In Pseudomonas fluorescens B56 under growing conditions, the cells metabolized vanillylamine to vanillin, and vanillin to vanillic acid and a small amount of vanillyl alcohol. Under non-growing conditions, the cells produced vanillin, vanillic acid and protocatechuic acid from vanillylamine, and vanillic acid supplied to the medium was converted to protocatechuic acid. It is thus suggested that vanillylamine is metabolized to vanillic acid through vanillin by Pseudomonas fluorescens B56 in a rich medium, however, in a starving medium, the bacterial strain further metabolizes vanillic acid to protocatechuic acid. The vanillylamine metabolic activity was slowly induced by the substrate. Vanillylamine is prepared by reacting vanillin with hydroxylamine or the salts thereof in the presence of an organic salt, which may optionally be produced in situ, wherein the reaction is carried out in an inorganic or organic acid as diluent, and subsequently hydrogenating the resulting vanillyloxime with hydrogen in the presence of a suitable catalyst and an organic and/or inorganic acid.It inhibits microsomal enzyme function; RN given refers to parent cpd Vanillylamine is an aralkylamino compound. It is functionally related to a vanillyl alcohol. It is a conjugate base of a vanillylamine(1+). Vanillylamine is a natural product found in Capsicum annuum with data available. Vanillylamine is a derivative of vanillin is synthesized through a transaminase reaction in the phenylpropanoid pathway of capsaicinoid synthesis[1].
Desglymidodrine
Desglymidodrine is a metabolite of midodrine. Midodrine (brand names Amatine, ProAmatine, Gutron) is a vasopressor/antihypotensive agent. Midodrine was approved in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1996 for the treatment of dysautonomia and orthostatic hypotension. In August 2010, the FDA proposed withdrawing this approval because the manufacturer, Shire plc, has failed to complete required studies after the medicine reached the market. (Wikipedia) Midodrine, a prodrug, is converted after oral administration into its active drug, desglymidodrine, which acts as an alpha(1)-adrenoceptor stimulant. (PMID: 17901021) Through selective alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor-binding, desglymidodrine, the active metabolite of midodrine, raises blood pressure by enhancing venous and arterial tone. (PMID: 12904123) Desglymidodrine (ST 1059), the active metabolite of Midodrine (HY-12749), is a selective α1-adrenoceptor agonist. Desglymidodrine is an effective arterial and venous vasoconstrictor and can be used to regulate blood pressure[1][2].
4-Hydroxybenzylamine
4-Hydroxybenzylamine is an aromatic amine. 4-Hydroxybenzylamine is a natural product found in Sinapis arvensis, Fagopyrum esculentum, and other organisms with data available. 4-Hydroxybenzylamine is found in brassicas. 4-Hydroxybenzylamine is isolated from seeds of Sinapis alba (white mustard 4-Hydroxybenzylamine is an endogenous metabolite. 4-Hydroxybenzylamine is an endogenous metabolite.
Fluoxetine
Fluoxetine hydrochloride is the first agent of the class of antidepressants known as selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Despite distinct structural differences between compounds in this class, SSRIs possess similar pharmacological activity. As with other antidepressant agents, several weeks of therapy may be required before a clinical effect is seen. SSRIs are potent inhibitors of neuronal serotonin reuptake. They have little to no effect on norepinephrine or dopamine reuptake and do not antagonize α- or β-adrenergic, dopamine D2 or histamine H1 receptors. During acute use, SSRIs block serotonin reuptake and increase serotonin stimulation of somatodendritic 5-HT1A and terminal autoreceptors. Chronic use leads to desensitization of somatodendritic 5-HT1A and terminal autoreceptors. The overall clinical effect of increased mood and decreased anxiety is thought to be due to adaptive changes in neuronal function that lead to enhanced serotonergic neurotransmission. Side effects include dry mouth, nausea, dizziness, drowsiness, sexual dysfunction, and headache. Side effects generally occur within the first two weeks of therapy and are usually less severe and frequent than those observed with tricyclic antidepressants. Fluoxetine may be used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD), moderate to severe bulimia nervosa, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, and, in combination with olanzapine, for treatment-resistant or bipolar I depression. Fluoxetine is the most anorexic and stimulating SSRI. D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065607 - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors > D065690 - Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Inhibitors N - Nervous system > N06 - Psychoanaleptics > N06A - Antidepressants > N06AB - Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018490 - Serotonin Agents > D017367 - Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D000928 - Antidepressive Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C94725 - Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D014179 - Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C265 - Antidepressant Agent D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Ibopamine
Ibopamine is a sympathomimetic used in ophthalmology. It induces mydriasis. It also has been investigated for use in the treatment of congestive heart failure. C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy > C01C - Cardiac stimulants excl. cardiac glycosides > C01CA - Adrenergic and dopaminergic agents S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01F - Mydriatics and cycloplegics > S01FB - Sympathomimetics excl. antiglaucoma preparations D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D009184 - Mydriatics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents > D018491 - Dopamine Agonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66884 - Dopamine Agonist D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D045283 - Natriuretic Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents D045283 - Natriuretic Agents > D004232 - Diuretics
5-Hydroxydopamine
5-Hydroxydopamine is a naturally occurring amine in human urine. 5-Hydroxydopamine concentration in urine of DOPA treated Parkinsons patients was significantly higher than inpatients not treated or normal controls. (PMID 8255370) [HMDB] 5-Hydroxydopamine is a naturally occurring amine in human urine. 5-Hydroxydopamine concentration in urine of DOPA treated Parkinsons patients was significantly higher than inpatients not treated or normal controls. (PMID 8255370).
N,N-Dimethylphenethylamine
N,N-Dimethylphenethylamine is used as a food additive [EAFUS] ("EAFUS: Everything Added to Food in the United States. [http://www.eafus.com/]")
DL-Adrenaline
Oxidized-adrenal-ferredoxin, also known as Epinephrine racemic or Racepinefrine, is classified as a member of the Catechols. Catechols are compounds containing a 1,2-benzenediol moiety. Oxidized-adrenal-ferredoxin is considered to be soluble (in water) and acidic D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents > D001993 - Bronchodilator Agents D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013566 - Sympathomimetics C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C87053 - Adrenergic Agonist D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D000322 - Adrenergic Agonists C - Cardiovascular system > C10 - Lipid modifying agents > C10A - Lipid modifying agents, plain D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D009184 - Mydriatics D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014662 - Vasoconstrictor Agents
N-Methylserotonin
A member of the class of tryptamines that is serotonin in which one of the hydrogens attached to the primary amino group is replaced by a methyl group. relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.054 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.053
Synephrine
p-Synephrine is an organic compound, found in multiple biofluids, such as urine and blood. p-Synephrine is an organic compound, found in multiple biofluids, such as urine and blood. Synephrine (Oxedrine), an alkaloid, is an α-adrenergic and β-adrenergic agonist derived from the Citrus aurantium. Synephrine is a sympathomimetic compound and can be used for weight loss[1][2]. Synephrine (Oxedrine), an alkaloid, is an α-adrenergic and β-adrenergic agonist derived from the Citrus aurantium. Synephrine is a sympathomimetic compound and can be used for weight loss[1][2]. Synephrine (Oxedrine), an alkaloid, is an α-adrenergic and β-adrenergic agonist derived from the Citrus aurantium. Synephrine is a sympathomimetic compound and can be used for weight loss[1][2].
N-methyl-2-(methylamino)-N-(2-phenylethyl)benzamide
3-Bromo-N-methyltyramine
C9H12BrNO (229.01022019999996)
A natural product found in Paramuricea clavata.
fluoxetine
D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065607 - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors > D065690 - Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Inhibitors N - Nervous system > N06 - Psychoanaleptics > N06A - Antidepressants > N06AB - Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018490 - Serotonin Agents > D017367 - Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D000928 - Antidepressive Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C94725 - Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D014179 - Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C265 - Antidepressant Agent D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8321 CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 334 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1509
Tyramine
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D014179 - Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors > D018759 - Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013566 - Sympathomimetics A primary amino compound obtained by formal decarboxylation of the amino acid tyrosine. D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators Annotation level-2 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported by the Max-Planck-Society IPB_RECORD: 2741; CONFIDENCE confident structure Tyramine is an amino acid that helps regulate blood pressure. Tyramine occurs naturally in the body, and it's found in certain foods[1]. Tyramine is an amino acid that helps regulate blood pressure. Tyramine occurs naturally in the body, and it's found in certain foods[1].
Epinephrine
R - Respiratory system > R01 - Nasal preparations > R01A - Decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use > R01AA - Sympathomimetics, plain R - Respiratory system > R03 - Drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03A - Adrenergics, inhalants > R03AA - Alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptor agonists C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy > C01C - Cardiac stimulants excl. cardiac glycosides > C01CA - Adrenergic and dopaminergic agents S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01E - Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics > S01EA - Sympathomimetics in glaucoma therapy B - Blood and blood forming organs > B02 - Antihemorrhagics > B02B - Vitamin k and other hemostatics > B02BC - Local hemostatics A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A01 - Stomatological preparations > A01A - Stomatological preparations D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents > D001993 - Bronchodilator Agents D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013566 - Sympathomimetics C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C87053 - Adrenergic Agonist D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D000322 - Adrenergic Agonists C - Cardiovascular system > C10 - Lipid modifying agents > C10A - Lipid modifying agents, plain D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D009184 - Mydriatics C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System > C126567 - Vasopressor D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014662 - Vasoconstrictor Agents relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.053 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.050
Dopamine
C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy > C01C - Cardiac stimulants excl. cardiac glycosides > C01CA - Adrenergic and dopaminergic agents D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013566 - Sympathomimetics Catechol in which the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted by a 2-aminoethyl group. D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents MS2 deconvoluted using MS2Dec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; VYFYYTLLBUKUHU_STSL_0097_Dopamine_2000fmol_180430_S2_LC02_MS02_90; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. MS2 deconvoluted using CorrDec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I.
3-Methoxytyramine
A monomethoxybenzene that is dopamine in which the hydroxy group at position 3 is replaced by a methoxy group. It is a metabolite of the neurotransmitter dopamine and considered a potential biomarker of pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS 3-Methoxytyramine, a well known extracellular metabolite of 3-hydroxytyramine/dopamine, is a neuromodulator.
Norepinephrine
C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C87053 - Adrenergic Agonist C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System > C126567 - Vasopressor C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy > C01C - Cardiac stimulants excl. cardiac glycosides > C01CA - Adrenergic and dopaminergic agents D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013566 - Sympathomimetics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D000322 - Adrenergic Agonists D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014662 - Vasoconstrictor Agents
Noradrenaline
A catecholamine in which C-1 of the aminoethyl side-chain is hydroxy-substituted.
mescaline
A phenethylamine alkaloid that is phenethylamine substituted at positions 3, 4 and 5 by methoxy groups. D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018490 - Serotonin Agents > D017366 - Serotonin Receptor Agonists D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D006213 - Hallucinogens
octopamine
C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy > C01C - Cardiac stimulants excl. cardiac glycosides > C01CA - Adrenergic and dopaminergic agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C87053 - Adrenergic Agonist D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D000322 - Adrenergic Agonists D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014662 - Vasoconstrictor Agents Octopamine, also known as beta,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine, is an endogenous biogenic amine that is closely related to norepinephrine, and has effects on the adrenergic and dopaminergic systems. Octopamine is found in lemon, sweet orange, and pepper (c. frutescens).
Fluoxetina
D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065607 - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors > D065690 - Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Inhibitors N - Nervous system > N06 - Psychoanaleptics > N06A - Antidepressants > N06AB - Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018490 - Serotonin Agents > D017367 - Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D000928 - Antidepressive Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C94725 - Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D014179 - Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C265 - Antidepressant Agent D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
4-Hydroxybenzylamine
4-Hydroxybenzylamine is an endogenous metabolite. 4-Hydroxybenzylamine is an endogenous metabolite.
Ibopamine
C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy > C01C - Cardiac stimulants excl. cardiac glycosides > C01CA - Adrenergic and dopaminergic agents S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01F - Mydriatics and cycloplegics > S01FB - Sympathomimetics excl. antiglaucoma preparations D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D009184 - Mydriatics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents > D018491 - Dopamine Agonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66884 - Dopamine Agonist D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D045283 - Natriuretic Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents D045283 - Natriuretic Agents > D004232 - Diuretics
Vanillylamine
Vanillylamine is a derivative of vanillin is synthesized through a transaminase reaction in the phenylpropanoid pathway of capsaicinoid synthesis[1].
4-[(1R)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]phenol
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D000322 - Adrenergic Agonists D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014662 - Vasoconstrictor Agents
DESGLYMIDODRINE
Desglymidodrine (ST 1059), the active metabolite of Midodrine (HY-12749), is a selective α1-adrenoceptor agonist. Desglymidodrine is an effective arterial and venous vasoconstrictor and can be used to regulate blood pressure[1][2].
2-Phenylethylamine
A phenylethylamine having the phenyl substituent at the 2-position.
2-{3,5-dibromo-4-[3-(dimethylamino)propoxy]phenyl}ethanamine
C13H20Br2N2O (377.99422699999997)
4-[2-(methylamino)ethyl]-2-[(1z)-2-[(2r)-2-methyloxiran-2-yl]ethenyl]phenol
(1s,2r)-1-[5-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-oxazol-2-yl]propane-1,2-diol
7,15-bis[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-5,13-dimethoxy-2,9,10-trithiatricyclo[9.4.0.0³,⁸]pentadeca-1(15),3,5,7,11,13-hexaene-4,12-diol
C22H30N2O4S3 (482.13676200000003)
5-(2-aminoethyl)-2-methoxy-3,4-bis(methylsulfanyl)phenol
C11H17NO2S2 (259.07006620000004)
(2r)-2-(dimethylamino)-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)butanoic acid
(2s)-2-amino-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid
(2s,4e)-4-[(2e)-2-{[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]imino}ethylidene]-2,3-dihydro-1h-pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid
1-[5-(1-hydroxyethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl]-3-methylbutan-1-one
(4z)-4-(2-{[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]imino}ethylidene)-2,3-dihydro-1h-pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid
2-amino-1-{3,5-dibromo-4-[3-(dimethylamino)propoxy]phenyl}ethanol
C13H20Br2N2O2 (393.98914199999996)
(2-{2-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl}ethyl)dimethylamine
C22H31NO4 (373.22529660000004)
methyl 2-(dimethylamino)-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)butanoate
(1r)-2-amino-1-[4-(3-aminopropoxy)-3,5-dibromophenyl]ethanol
[2-(2,6-dibromo-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amine
6-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one
n-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]guanidine
C11H17N3O2 (223.13207020000002)
methyl (3r)-3-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propanoate
(3r,4s)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-methoxy-3-methylbutan-2-one
(2s,4e)-4-[(2z)-2-{[(1s)-1-carboxy-2-phenylethyl]imino}ethylidene]-2,3-dihydro-1h-pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid
C18H18N2O6 (358.11648080000003)
2-(dimethylamino)-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)butanoic acid
1-{5-[(1r)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2-methoxyphenyl}-3-methylbutan-1-one
{2-[3-(6-isopropyl-5-{2-methoxy-5-[2-(methylamino)ethyl]phenyl}-3-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl)-4-methoxyphenyl]ethyl}(methyl)amine
8,16-bis(2-aminoethyl)-5,13-dimethoxy-2,3,10,11-tetrathiatricyclo[10.4.0.0⁴,⁹]hexadeca-1(12),4,6,8,13,15-hexaene-6,14-diol
3-(3-bromo-4-methoxyphenyl)-n-[2-(2,4-dibromo-5-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-(dimethylamino)-n-methylpropanamide
C22H27Br3N2O3 (603.9571652000001)
methyl (3s)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-methoxypropanoate
4-(2-{[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]imino}ethylidene)-2,3-dihydro-1h-pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid
methyl({2-[(1r,2s,11r,13s)-3,3,13-trimethyl-18-[2-(methylamino)ethyl]-4,14-dioxapentacyclo[11.7.1.0²,¹¹.0⁵,¹⁰.0¹⁵,²⁰]henicosa-5,7,9,15,17,19-hexaen-8-yl]ethyl})amine
C28H38N2O2 (434.29331279999997)
(2s,4e)-4-(2-{[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]imino}ethylidene)-2,3-dihydro-1h-pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid
4-[(2e)-2-{[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]imino}ethylidene]-2,3-dihydro-1h-pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid
8,16-bis[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-6,14-dimethoxy-2,3,10,11-tetrathiatricyclo[10.4.0.0⁴,⁹]hexadeca-1(16),4,6,8,12,14-hexaene-5,13-diol
(4s)-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one
C18H25NO3 (303.18343400000003)
13,14-dimethoxy-7-[2-(methylamino)ethyl]-2-oxatricyclo[9.4.0.0³,⁸]pentadeca-1(15),3(8),4,6,9,11,13-heptaen-4-ol
C19H21NO4 (327.14705060000006)
4-[(1r)-1-hydroxy-2-[c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl(methyl)amino]ethyl]phenol
methyl 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-methoxypropanoate
5,15-dimethoxy-12-[2-(methylamino)ethyl]-2-oxatricyclo[9.4.0.0³,⁸]pentadeca-1(11),3,5,7,9,12,14-heptaen-4-ol
C19H21NO4 (327.14705060000006)
4,9-bis[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2,6,7-trimethoxy-8-(methylsulfanyl)thianthren-1-ol
C24H34N2O4S3 (510.16806040000006)
(4e)-4-(2-{[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]imino}ethylidene)-2,3-dihydro-1h-pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid
(1s)-1-(3-bromo-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-{[2-(1h-indol-3-yl)ethyl]amino}ethanol
2-(6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3-benzotrithiol-4-yl)ethanamine
C10H13NO2S3 (275.01083980000004)
(2s)-2-amino-3-(3-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propanoic acid
C10H12BrNO4 (288.99496519999997)
(2s)-2-(dimethylamino)-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)butanoic acid
(2r,4e)-4-[(2z)-2-{[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]imino}ethylidene]-2,3-dihydro-1h-pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid
4-{1-hydroxy-2-[c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl(methyl)amino]ethyl}phenol
4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-one
dimethyl(2-{4,13,14-trimethoxy-2-oxatricyclo[9.4.0.0³,⁸]pentadeca-1(11),3,5,7,9,12,14-heptaen-7-yl}ethyl)amine
(2-{4-[3-(dimethylamino)propoxy]-3,5-diiodophenyl}ethyl)dimethylamine
(2r)-3-(3-bromo-4-methoxyphenyl)-n-[2-(2,4-dibromo-5-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-(dimethylamino)-n-methylpropanamide
C22H27Br3N2O3 (603.9571652000001)
6-(dimethylamino)-1-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one
methyl(2-{4,14,15-trimethoxy-2-oxatricyclo[9.4.0.0³,⁸]pentadeca-1(15),3(8),4,6,9,11,13-heptaen-7-yl}ethyl)amine
C20H23NO4 (341.16269980000004)
(2s,4e)-4-[(2e)-2-{[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]imino}ethylidene]-2,3-dihydro-1h-pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid
2-amino-3-(3-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propanoic acid
C10H12BrNO4 (288.99496519999997)
(1r)-2-amino-1-{3,5-dibromo-4-[3-(dimethylamino)propoxy]phenyl}ethanol
C13H20Br2N2O2 (393.98914199999996)
methyl (2r)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxypropanoate
methyl(2-{3,3,13-trimethyl-8-[2-(methylamino)ethyl]-4,14-dioxapentacyclo[11.7.1.0²,¹¹.0⁵,¹⁰.0¹⁵,²⁰]henicosa-5,7,9,15,17,19-hexaen-18-yl}ethyl)amine
C28H38N2O2 (434.29331279999997)
(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-2-{4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]phenoxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
(4s)-4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-one
(3-{2,6-dibromo-4-[2-(methylamino)ethyl]phenoxy}propyl)dimethylamine
C14H22Br2N2O (392.00987619999995)
7-(2-aminoethyl)-5-methoxy-1,2,3-benzotrithiol-4-ol
(2-{4-methoxy-3-[(1r,5r,6s)-5-{2-methoxy-5-[2-(methylamino)ethyl]phenyl}-3-methyl-6-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-2-en-1-yl]phenyl}ethyl)(methyl)amine
(2-{3-[(1s,5r,6s)-6-isopropyl-5-{2-methoxy-5-[2-(methylamino)ethyl]phenyl}-3-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-4-methoxyphenyl}ethyl)(methyl)amine
2-amino-1-[4-(3-aminopropoxy)-3,5-dibromophenyl]ethanol
4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-fluorophenol
C8H10FNO2 (171.06955320000003)
dimethyl(2-{4,14,15-trimethoxy-2-oxatricyclo[9.4.0.0³,⁸]pentadeca-1(11),3(8),4,6,9,12,14-heptaen-7-yl}ethyl)amine
n-methyl-n-(2-phenylethyl)methylsulfanylformamide
C11H15NOS (209.08742999999998)
4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one
C18H25NO3 (303.18343400000003)
4-[2-(methylamino)ethyl]-2-[2-(2-methyloxiran-2-yl)ethenyl]phenol
(2r,3r)-3-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]amino}-1-phenoxybutan-2-ol
C20H27NO4 (345.19399820000007)