Classification Term: 169933

C24 Bile acids (ontology term: a4a40ab88f8c729e87390147b6a8d556)

found 475 associated metabolites at sub_class metabolite taxonomy ontology rank level.

Ancestor: Bile acids

Child Taxonomies: There is no child term of current ontology term.

Ursodeoxycholate

(4R)-4-[(1S,2S,5R,7S,9S,10R,11S,14R,15R)-5,9-dihydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecan-14-yl]pentanoic acid

C24H40O4 (392.2926)


Ursodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones. It has a role as a human metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a bile acid, a dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid and a C24-steroid. It is a conjugate acid of an ursodeoxycholate. Ursodeoxycholic acid is an epimer of [chenodeoxycholic acid]. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic. Ursodiol is a Bile Acid. Ursodeoxycholic acid or ursodiol is a naturally occurring bile acid that is used dissolve cholesterol gall stones and to treat cholestatic forms of liver diseases including primary biliary cirrhosis. Ursodiol has been linked to rare instances of transient and mild serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy and to rare instances of jaundice and worsening of liver disease in patients with preexisting cirrhosis. Ursodeoxycholic acid is a natural product found in Myocastor coypus with data available. Ursodiol is a synthetically-derived form of ursodiol, a bile acid produced by the liver and secreted and stored in the gallbladder. Also produced by the Chinese black bear liver, ursodiol has been used in the treatment of liver disease for centuries. This agent dissolves or prevents cholesterol gallstones by blocking hepatic cholesterol production and decreasing bile cholesterol. Ursodiol also reduces the absorption of cholesterol from the intestinal tract. An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic. See also: Dimethicone; pancrelipase; ursodiol (component of). Ursodeoxycholic acid, also known as ursodeoxycholate or acid deoxyursocholic, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dihydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives. Dihydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives are compounds containing or derived from a bile acid or alcohol, and which bears exactly two carboxylic acid groups. Ursodeoxycholic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic. [HMDB] Ursodeoxycholic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=128-13-2 (retrieved 2024-07-02) (CAS RN: 128-13-2). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

   

Deoxycholic acid

(4R)-4-[(3R,5R,8R,9S,10S,12S,13R,14S,17R)-3,12-dihydroxy-10, 13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16, 17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]pentanoic acid

C24H40O4 (392.2926)


Deoxycholic acid is a bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively. It has a role as a human blood serum metabolite. It is a bile acid, a dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid and a C24-steroid. It is a conjugate acid of a deoxycholate. Deoxycholic acid is a a bile acid which emulsifies and solubilizes dietary fats in the intestine, and when injected subcutaneously, it disrupts cell membranes in adipocytes and destroys fat cells in that tissue. In April 2015, deoxycholic acid was approved by the FDA for the treatment submental fat to improve aesthetic appearance and reduce facial fullness or convexity. It is marketed under the brand name Kybella by Kythera Biopharma and is the first pharmacological agent available for submental fat reduction, allowing for a safer and less invasive alternative than surgical procedures. Deoxycholic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Deoxycholic acid is a Cytolytic Agent. The physiologic effect of deoxycholic acid is by means of Decreased Cell Membrane Integrity. Deoxycholic acid is a natural product found in Pseudomonas syringae and Homo sapiens with data available. Deoxycholic Acid is a steroidal acid that is a secondary bile acid, with cytolytic activity. Upon subcutaneous administration, deoxycholic acid causes lysis of adipocytes and improves the appearance of fullness associated with submental fat. Also, it may potentially be able to reduce fat in other subcutaneous fatty tissues. Deoxycholic acid, naturally produced by the metabolism of cholic acid by intestinal bacteria, is involved in the emulsification of dietary fats in the intestine. Deoxycholic acid is a bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depends only on presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g., membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues. (A3407, A3408, A3409, A3410). A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent. Deoxycholic acid is a secondary bile acid produced in the liver and is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, and depends only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine, and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH, and consequently require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135). When present in sufficiently high levels, deoxycholic acid can act as a hepatotoxin, a metabotoxin, and an oncometabolite. A hepatotoxin causes damage to the liver or liver cells. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. An oncometabolite is a compound, when present at chronically high levels, that promotes tumour growth and survival. Among the primary bile acids, cholic acid is considered to be the least hepatotoxic while deoxycholic acid is the most hepatoxic (PMID: 1641875). The liver toxicity of bile acids appears to be due to their ability to peroxidate lipids and to lyse liver cells. High bile acid levels lead to the generation of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, disruption of the cell membrane and mitochondria, induction of DNA damage, mutation and apoptosis, and the development of reduced apoptosis capability upon chronic exposure (PMID: 24884764). Chronically high levels of deoxycholic acid are associated with familial hypercholanemia. In hypercholanemia, bile acids, including deoxycholic acid, are elevated in the blood. This disease causes liver damage, extensive itching, poor fat absorption, and can lead to rickets due to lack of calcium in bones. The deficiency of normal bile acids in the intestines results in a deficiency of vitamin K, which also adversely affects clotting of the blood. The bile acid ursodiol (ursodeoxycholic acid) can improve symptoms associated with familial hypercholanemia. Chronically high levels of deoxycholic acid are also associated with several forms of cancer including colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, esophageal cancer, and many other GI cancers. A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively. Deoxycholic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=83-44-3 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 83-44-3). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Deoxycholic acid (cholanoic acid), a bile acid, is a by-product of intestinal metabolism, that activates the G protein-coupled bile acid receptorTGR5[1][2]. Deoxycholic acid (cholanoic acid), a bile acid, is a by-product of intestinal metabolism, that activates the G protein-coupled bile acid receptorTGR5[1][2].

   

Glycocholic acid

((R)-4-((3R,5S,7R,8R,9S,10S,12S,13R,14S,17R)-3,7,12-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethylhexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)pentanoyl)glycine;Glycocholic acid

C26H43NO6 (465.309)


Glycocholic acid is an acyl glycine and a bile acid-glycine conjugate. It is a secondary bile acid produced by the action of enzymes existing in the microbial flora of the colonic environment. Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium and Lactobacillus are involved in bile acid metabolism and produce glycocholic acid (PMID: 6265737; 10629797). In hepatocytes, both primary and secondary bile acids undergo amino acid conjugation at the C-24 carboxylic acid on the side chain, and almost all bile acids in the bile duct therefore exist in a glycine conjugated form (PMID: 16949895). More specifically, glycocholic acid or cholylglycine, is a crystalline bile acid involved in the emulsification of fats. It occurs as a sodium salt in the bile of mammals. Its anion is called glycocholate. As the glycine conjugate of cholic acid, this compound acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed (PubChem). Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depends only on presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g., membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135). Glycocholic acid is found to be associated with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, which is an inborn error of metabolism. Glycocholic acid is a bile acid glycine conjugate having cholic acid as the bile acid component. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is functionally related to a cholic acid and a glycochenodeoxycholic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a glycocholate. Glycocholic acid is a natural product found in Caenorhabditis elegans and Homo sapiens with data available. The glycine conjugate of CHOLIC ACID. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. Glycocholic acid, or cholylglycine, is a crystalline bile acid involved in the emulsification of fats. It occurs as a sodium salt in the bile of mammals. It is a conjugate of cholic acid with glycine. Its anion is called glycocholate. [Wikipedia] A bile acid glycine conjugate having cholic acid as the bile acid component. Glycocholic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=475-31-0 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 475-31-0). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Glycocholic acid is a bile acid with anticancer activity, targeting against pump resistance-related and non-pump resistance-related pathways[1]. Glycocholic acid is a bile acid with anticancer activity, targeting against pump resistance-related and non-pump resistance-related pathways[1].

   

Cholic acid

(4R)-4-[(3R,5S,7R,8R,9S,10S,12S,13R,14S,17R)-3,7,12-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]pentanoic acid

C24H40O5 (408.2876)


Cholic acid is a bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12. It has a role as a human metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a bile acid, a C24-steroid, a 3alpha-hydroxy steroid, a 7alpha-hydroxy steroid, a 12alpha-hydroxy steroid and a trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a cholate. Cholic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Cholic acid is a Bile Acid. Cholic acid is a naturally occurring bile acid that is used to treat patients with genetic deficiencies in the synthesis of bile acids. When given in high doses, cholic acid replacement therapy has been linked to minor elevations in serum aminotransferase levels, but it has not been linked to instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury with jaundice. Cholic acid is a natural product found in Caenorhabditis elegans, Bufo bufo, and Homo sapiens with data available. Cholic acid is a major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depends only on presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g., membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues. (A3407, A3408, A3409, A3410). A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion. See also: Cholic acid; ferrous gluconate; honey (component of). Cholic acid is a major primary bile acid produced in the liver and is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, and depends only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine, and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH, and consequently require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135). When present in sufficiently high levels, cholic acid can act as a hepatotoxin and a metabotoxin. A hepatotoxin causes damage to the liver or liver cells. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Among the primary bile acids, cholic acid is considered to be the least hepatotoxic while deoxycholic acid is the most hepatoxic (PMID: 1641875). The liver toxicity of bile acids appears to be due to their ability to peroxidate lipids and to lyse liver cells. Chronically high levels of cholic acid are associated with familial hypercholanemia. In hypercholanemia, bile acids, including cholic acid, are elevated in the blood. This disease causes liver damage, extensive itching, poor fat absorption, and can lead to rickets due to lack of calcium in bones. The deficiency of normal bile acids in the intestines results in a deficiency of vitamin K, which also adversely affects clotting of the blood. The bile acid ursodiol (ursodeoxycholic acid) can improve symptoms associated with familial hypercholanemia. Cholic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=81-25-4 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 81-25-4). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Cholic acid is a major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion. Cholic acid is orally active[1][2]. Cholic acid is a major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion. Cholic acid is orally active[1][2].

   

Chenodeoxycholic acid

(4R)-4-[(3R,5S,7R,8R,9S,10S,13R,14S,17R)-3,7-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]pentanoic acid

C24H40O4 (392.2926)


Chenodeoxycholic acid is a dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively. It has a role as a human metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a bile acid, a dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid and a C24-steroid. It is a conjugate acid of a chenodeoxycholate. Chenodeoxycholic acid (or Chenodiol) is an epimer of ursodeoxycholic acid (DB01586). Chenodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid naturally found in the body. It works by dissolving the cholesterol that makes gallstones and inhibiting production of cholesterol in the liver and absorption in the intestines, which helps to decrease the formation of gallstones. It can also reduce the amount of other bile acids that can be harmful to liver cells when levels are elevated. Chenodeoxycholic acid (chenodiol) is a primary bile acid, synthesized in the liver and present in high concentrations in bile that is used therapeutically to dissolve cholesterol gallstones. Chronic therapy is associated with transient elevations in serum aminotransferase levels in up to 30\\\\\% of patients, but chenodiol has been linked to only rare instances of clinically apparent liver injury with jaundice. Chenodeoxycholic acid is a natural product found in Ganoderma lucidum and Homo sapiens with data available. A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones. Chenodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135). Usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones. A bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depends only on presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively. Chenodeoxycholic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=474-25-9 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 474-25-9). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Chenodeoxycholic Acid is a hydrophobic primary bile acid that activates nuclear receptors (FXR) involved in cholesterol metabolism. Chenodeoxycholic Acid is a hydrophobic primary bile acid that activates nuclear receptors (FXR) involved in cholesterol metabolism.

   

Taurolithocholate 3-sulfate

2-[[(4R)-4-[(3R,5R,10S,13R,17R)-10,13-dimethyl-3-sulfooxy-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]pentanoyl]amino]ethanesulfonic acid

C26H45NO8S2 (563.2586)


Taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate is a sulfated bile acid. Under normal circumstances, bile acid sulfation is a minor pathway. However in the presence of cholestasis, the fraction of the bile acid pool which is sulfated increases. Sulfation of bile acids increases the aqueous solubility of the amphipathic compounds and results in more efficient renal clearance as well as in decreased reabsorption from the intestinal lumen. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135). Taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate is a sulfated bile acid. Under normal circumstances, bile acid sulfation is a minor pathway. However in the presence of cholestasis, the fraction of the bile acid pool which is sulfated increases. Sulfation of bile acids increases the aqueous solubility of the amphipathic compounds and results in more efficient renal clearance as well as in decreased reabsorption from the intestinal lumen. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depends only on presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g., membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues. (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135) [HMDB] D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids KEIO_ID T072

   

Taurocholate

2-[(4R)-4-[(1S,2S,5R,7S,9R,10R,11S,14R,15R,16S)-5,9,16-trihydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecan-14-yl]pentanamido]ethane-1-sulfonic acid

C26H45NO7S (515.2917)


Taurocholic acid is a bile acid and is the product of the conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine, and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH, and consequently require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135). Taurocholic acid, as with all bile acids, acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic (a bile purging agent). Hydrolysis of taurocholic acid yields taurine, a nonessential amino acid. Taurocholic acid is one of the main components of urinary nonsulfated bile acids in biliary atresia. Raised levels of taurocholate in fetal serum in obstetric cholestasis may result in the development of a fetal dysrhythmia and sudden intra-uterine death (PMID: 3944741, 11256973). Taurocholic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=81-24-3 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 81-24-3). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Taurocholic acid (N-Choloyltaurine) is a bile acid involved in the emulsification of fats. Taurocholic acid (N-Choloyltaurine) is a bile acid involved in the emulsification of fats.

   

Taurodeoxycholic acid

2-[[(4R)-4-[(3R,5R,9S,10S,12S,13R,14S,17R)-3,12-Dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]pentanoyl]amino]ethanesulfonic acid

C26H45NO6S (499.2967)


Taurodeoxycholic acid is a bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID:11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135). Taurodeoxycholic acid can be found in Escherichia (PMID:30736766). Taurodeoxycholic acid is a bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depends only on presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g., membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues. (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135) [HMDB] D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002756 - Cholagogues and Choleretics D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids D013501 - Surface-Active Agents > D003902 - Detergents Taurodeoxycholic acid, a bile acid, stabilizes the mitochondrial membrane, decreases free radical formation. Taurodeoxycholic acid inhibits apoptosis by blocking a calcium-mediated apoptotic pathway as well as caspase-12 activation. Taurodeoxycholic acid exhibits neuroprotective effect in 3-nitropropionic acid induced mouse model or genetic mouse model of Huntington's disease (HD)[1][2][3][4]. Taurodeoxycholic acid, a bile acid, stabilizes the mitochondrial membrane, decreases free radical formation. Taurodeoxycholic acid inhibits apoptosis by blocking a calcium-mediated apoptotic pathway as well as caspase-12 activation. Taurodeoxycholic acid exhibits neuroprotective effect in 3-nitropropionic acid induced mouse model or genetic mouse model of Huntington's disease (HD)[1][2][3][4].

   

Lithocholic acid

(4R)-4-[(3R,5R,8R,9S,10S,13R,14S,17R)-3-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]pentanoic acid

C24H40O3 (376.2977)


Lithocholic acid, also known as 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oic acid or LCA, is a secondary bile acid. It is formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action and is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute and depends only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine, and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH, and consequently require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135). When present in sufficiently high levels, lithocholic acid can act as an oncometabolite. An oncometabolite is a compound that when present at chronically high levels promotes tumour growth and survival. Chronically high levels of lithocholic acid are associated with several forms of cancer including colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, esophageal cancer, and many other GI cancers. High bile acid levels lead to the generation of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, disruption of the cell membrane and mitochondria, induction of DNA damage, mutation and apoptosis, and the development of reduced apoptosis capability upon chronic exposure (PMID: 24884764). Dietary fibre can bind to lithocholic acid and aid in its excretion in stool. As such, fibre can protect against colon cancer. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1308; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5396; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5394 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1308; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5371; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5368 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1308; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5386; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5384 A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic. [Analytical] Sample of 1 micorL methanol solution was flow injected. D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids D013501 - Surface-Active Agents > D003902 - Detergents Lithocholic acid is a toxic secondary bile acid that can promote intrahepatic cholestasis and promote tumorigenesis.

   

Dehydrolithocholic acid

3-Oxo-5α-cholan-24-oic Acid

C24H38O3 (374.2821)


D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids

   

7-Ketodeoxycholic acid

(4R)-4-[(1S,2S,5R,7S,10R,11S,14R,15R,16S)-5,16-dihydroxy-2,15-dimethyl-9-oxotetracyclo[8.7.0.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁵]heptadecan-14-yl]pentanoic acid

C24H38O5 (406.2719)


7-Ketodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135). 7-Ketodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depends only on presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids 7-keto-lithocholic acid is a metabolite of bile acids in Clostridium absonum. 7-keto-lithocholic acid is also converted from Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium with specific condition[1][2].

   

α-Muricholic acid

(4R)-4-[(1S,2R,5R,7R,8S,9S,10S,11S,14R,15R)-5,8,9-trihydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecan-14-yl]pentanoic acid

C24H40O5 (408.2876)


alpha-Muricholic acid is a hydroxylated bile acid present in normal human urine (PMID: 1629271), and in free glycine-conjugated, taurine-conjugated, and sulfated forms in human feces (PMID: 3667743). Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135). a-Muricholic acid is an hydroxylated bile acid present in normal human urine (PMID 1629271), and free, glycine-conjugated, taurine-conjugated and sulphated forms in human feces (PMID 3667743). α-Muricholic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=2393-58-0 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 2393-58-0). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

   

CHAPS

3-((3-Cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate

C32H58N2O7S (614.3965)


D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids D013501 - Surface-Active Agents > D003902 - Detergents

   

Phocaecholic acid

beta-Phocaecholate; beta-Phocaecholic acid; (23R)-Hydroxychenodeoxycholate

C24H40O5 (408.2876)


D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts

   

Bitocholic acid

(23R)-3α,12α,23-Trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic Acid

C24H40O5 (408.2876)


Bitocholic acid is a bile acid, which is a type of steroid acid found in the bile of mammals. It is synthesized from cholesterol in the liver and plays a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of lipid-soluble vitamins and the metabolism of lipids and cholesterol. Bitocholic acid is a specific type of bile acid, although it is not commonly found in nature and may be produced under certain conditions or through chemical synthesis.

   

Isodeoxycholic acid

(4R)-4-[(1S,2S,7S,9R,10R,11S,14R,15R,16S)-9,16-dihydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁵]heptadecan-14-yl]pentanoic acid

C24H40O4 (392.2926)


Isodeoxycholic acid is a human fecal bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depends only on presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g., membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues. (PMID: 3667743, 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135). Isodeoxycholic acid is a human fecal bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depends only on presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. [Analytical] Sample of 1 micorL methanol solution was flow injected.

   

Avicholic acid

3α,7α,16α-Trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic Acid

C24H40O5 (408.2876)


A trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 7 and 16 (the 3alpha,7alpha,16alpha stereoisomer). It is a major constituent of the bile of several avian species. Avicholic acid is a bile acid, which is a type of steroid acid found in the bile of mammals. It is synthesized from cholesterol in the liver and plays a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of lipid-soluble vitamins and the metabolism of lipids and cholesterol. Avicholic acid is a specific type of bile acid, although it is not commonly found in nature and may be produced under certain conditions or through chemical synthesis.

   

Haemulcholic acid

Haemulcholate; Hemulcholic acid; 3alpha,7alpha,22-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oic acid

C24H40O5 (408.2876)


D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids

   

Allocholic acid

(4R)-4-[(1S,2S,5R,7R,9R,10R,11S,14R,15R,16S)-5,9,16-trihydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecan-14-yl]pentanoic acid

C24H40O5 (408.2876)


Allocholic acid is a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135). [Analytical] Sample of 1 micorL methanol solution was flow injected. D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 271 Allocholic acid is a typically fetal bile acid found in vertebrates and reappears during liver regeneration and carcinogenesis, besides it is also a conjugate acid of allocholate and an isomer of cholic acid. Allocholic acid is a potent and specific stimulant of the adult olfactory system, it has a role as a marine metabolite, a rat metabolite and a human metabolite[1][2][3].

   

Isoursodeoxycholic acid

(4R)-4-[(1S,2S,5S,7S,9S,10R,11S,14R,15R)-5,9-dihydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecan-14-yl]pentanoic acid

C24H40O4 (392.2926)


Isoursodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135). A bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depends only on presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. [Analytical] Sample of 1 micorL methanol solution was flow injected. D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids

   

Isolithocholic acid

(4R)-4-[(1S,2S,5S,7R,10R,11S,14R,15R)-5-hydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecan-14-yl]pentanoic acid

C24H40O3 (376.2977)


Isolithocholic acid is a bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic. A bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135). A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic. [Analytical] Sample of 1 micorL methanol solution was flow injected. Isolithocholic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=1534-35-6 (retrieved 2024-07-15) (CAS RN: 1534-35-6). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Isolithocholic acid (β-Lithocholic acid) is an isomer of Lithocholic acid. Isolithocholic acid, a bile acid, is formed by microbial metabolism of Lithocholic acid or Lithocholic acid 3α-sulfate[1][2].

   

Ursocholic acid

(4R)-4-[(1S,2S,5R,7S,9S,10R,11S,14R,15R,16S)-5,9,16-trihydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁵]heptadecan-14-yl]pentanoic acid

C24H40O5 (408.2876)


Ursocholic acid is a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135). Ursocholic acid is the 7 beta-hydroxyepimer of cholic acid. It induces a reduction of bile cholesterol saturation. A bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depends only on presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Ursocholic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=2955-27-3 (retrieved 2024-07-16) (CAS RN: 2955-27-3). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Ursocholic acid, a bile acid found predominantly in bile of mammals, is transformed into deoxycholic acid by the intestinal microflora in mice. Ursodeoxycholic acid is an inhibitor of 7α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α[1].

   

Hyocholic Acid

3alpha,6alpha,7alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oic Acid

C24H40O5 (408.2876)


A trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid in which the three hydroxy substituents are located at the 3alpha-, 6alpha- and 7alpha-positions. D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 267

   

Allochenodeoxycholic acid

3α,7α-Dihydroxy-5α-cholan-24-oic Acid

C24H40O4 (392.2926)


[Analytical] Sample of 1 micorL methanol solution was flow injected.

   

Allodeoxycholic acid

3alpha,12alpha-Dihydroxy-5alpha-cholan-24-oic Acid

C24H40O4 (392.2926)


An allo-bile acid that is 5alpha-cholan-24-oic acid bearing two alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3 and 12. [Analytical] Sample of 1 micorL methanol solution was flow injected.

   

Cholic Acid

3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oic acid

C24H40O5 (408.2876)


Cholic acid is a major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion. Cholic acid is orally active[1][2]. Cholic acid is a major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion. Cholic acid is orally active[1][2].

   

Tauroursodeoxycholic acid

2-[(4R)-4-[(1S,2S,5R,9S,10R,11S,14R,15R)-5,9-dihydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁵]heptadecan-14-yl]pentanamido]ethane-1-sulfonic acid

C26H45NO6S (499.2967)


Tauroursodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid also known as TUDCA formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. TUDCA is able to prevent apoptosis and protect mitochondria from cellular elements that would otherwise interfere with energy production. One of these elements is a protein called Bax. TUDCA plays an important role in preventing Bax from being transported to the mitochondria. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depends only on presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g., membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues. (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135) [HMDB] Tauroursodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid also known as TUDCA formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. TUDCA is able to prevent apoptosis and protect mitochondria from cellular elements that would otherwise interfere with energy production. One of these elements is a protein called Bax. TUDCA plays an important role in preventing Bax from being transported to the mitochondria. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135). D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002756 - Cholagogues and Choleretics D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids D013501 - Surface-Active Agents > D003902 - Detergents Taurochenodeoxycholic acid (12-Deoxycholyltaurine) is one of the main bioactive substances of animals' bile acid. Taurochenodeoxycholic acid induces apoptosis and shows obvious anti-inflammatory and immune regulation properties[1][2]. Tauroursodeoxycholate (Tauroursodeoxycholic acid) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor. Tauroursodeoxycholate significantly reduces expression of apoptosis molecules, such as caspase-3 and caspase-12. Tauroursodeoxycholate also inhibits ERK. Tauroursodeoxycholate (Tauroursodeoxycholic acid) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor. Tauroursodeoxycholate significantly reduces expression of apoptosis molecules, such as caspase-3 and caspase-12. Tauroursodeoxycholate also inhibits ERK.

   

Isohyodeoxycholic acid

(4R)-4-[(1S,2R,5S,7R,8S,10S,11S,14R,15R)-5,8-dihydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecan-14-yl]pentanoic acid

C24H40O4 (392.2926)


Isohyodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135). A bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depends only on presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids

   

Allolithocholic acid

(4S)-4-[(2S,5R,15R)-5-hydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁵]heptadecan-14-yl]pentanoic acid

C24H40O3 (376.2977)


Allolithocholic acid is a bile acid present in normal serum and feces, with a tendency to be at higher concentrations in patients with colon cancer, particularly in men (PMID 16548228). A bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135). Allolithocholic acid is a bile acid present in normal serum and feces, with a tendency to be at higher concentrations in patients with colon cancer, particularly in men (PMID 16548228). D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids D013501 - Surface-Active Agents > D003902 - Detergents Lithocholic acid is a toxic secondary bile acid that can promote intrahepatic cholestasis and promote tumorigenesis.

   

7-Sulfocholic acid

(4R)-4-[(1S,2S,5R,7S,9R,10R,11S,14R,15R,16S)-5,16-dihydroxy-2,15-dimethyl-9-(sulfooxy)tetracyclo[8.7.0.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁵]heptadecan-14-yl]pentanoic acid

C24H40O8S (488.2444)


7-Sulfocholic acid is a naturally occurring bile acid sulfate conjugate that has been identified in human bile (PMID: 7320139) and human urine. (PMID: 3584362). In mice significantly less cholic acid 7-sulfate (5-7\\%) is present in bladder bile and small intestine than in the cecum, colon, or feces (>80\\%). (PMID: 954753). 7-Sulfocholic acid is a naturally occurring bile acid sulfate conjugate that has been identified in human bile (PMID: 7320139) and human urine. (PMID: 3584362)

   

3-Oxo-4,6-choladienoic acid

(4R)-4-[(1S,2R,10S,11S,14R,15R)-2,15-dimethyl-5-oxotetracyclo[8.7.0.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁵]heptadeca-6,8-dien-14-yl]pentanoic acid

C24H34O3 (370.2508)


3-Oxo-4,6-choladienoic acid is a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135). A bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depends only on presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. 3-Oxo-4,6-choladien-24-oic acid is an endogenous metabolite. 3-Oxo-4,6-choladien-24-oic acid exsists in the urine of patients with hepatobiliary disease[1].

   

Chenodeoxycholic acid disulfate

(4R)-4-[(1S,2S,5R,7S,9R,10R,11S,14R,15R)-2,15-dimethyl-5,9-bis(sulfooxy)tetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecan-14-yl]pentanoic acid

C24H40O10S2 (552.2063)


Chenodeoxycholic acid disulfate is a bile acid derviative. A bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135). A bile acid derviative. A bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depends only on presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12.

   

Allodeoxycholic acid

(4R)-4-[(1S,2S,5R,7S,10R,11S,15R,16S)-5,16-dihydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁵]heptadecan-14-yl]pentanoic acid

C24H40O4 (392.2926)


Allodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135). A bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depends only on presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12.

   

Allochenodeoxycholic acid

(4R)-4-[(1S,2S,5R,7R,9R,10R,11S,15R)-5,9-dihydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁵]heptadecan-14-yl]pentanoic acid

C24H40O4 (392.2926)


Allochenodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135). A bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depends only on presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12.

   

Deoxycholic acid disulfate

(4R)-4-[(1S,2S,5R,7R,10R,11S,14R,15R,16S)-2,15-dimethyl-5,16-bis(sulfooxy)tetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecan-14-yl]pentanoic acid

C24H40O10S2 (552.2063)


Deoxycholic acid disulfate is a substrate for Proteinase activated receptor 2, Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H, Small inducible cytokine A24 and Hemoglobin alpha chain. [HMDB] Deoxycholic acid disulfate is a substrate for Proteinase activated receptor 2, Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H, Small inducible cytokine A24 and Hemoglobin alpha chain.

   

Glycoursodeoxycholic acid

2-[(4R)-4-[(1S,2S,5R,7S,9S,10R,11S,14R,15R)-5,9-dihydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecan-14-yl]pentanamido]acetic acid

C26H43NO5 (449.3141)


Glycoursodeoxycholic acid is an acyl glycine and a bile acid-glycine conjugate. It is a secondary bile acid produced by the action of enzymes existing in the microbial flora of the colonic environment. In hepatocytes, both primary and secondary bile acids undergo amino acid conjugation at the C-24 carboxylic acid on the side chain, and almost all bile acids in the bile duct therefore exist in a glycine conjugated form (PMID: 16949895). Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135). Glycoursodeoxycholic acid is an acyl glycine and a bile acid-glycine conjugate. It is a secondary bile acid produced by the action of enzymes existing in the microbial flora of the colonic environment. In hepatocytes, both primary and secondary bile acids undergo amino acid conjugation at the C-24 carboxylic acid on the side chain, and almost all bile acids in the bile duct therefore exist in a glycine conjugated form (PMID:16949895). Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depends only on presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids Glycoursodeoxycholic acid, a acyl glycine and a bile acid-glycine conjugate, is a metabolite of ursodeoxycholic acid.

   

Isoallolithocholic acid

(4R)-4-[(1S,2S,5S,7S,10R,11S,14R,15R)-5-hydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecan-14-yl]pentanoic acid

C24H40O3 (376.2977)


Isoallolithocholic acid is a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135). A bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depends only on presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12.

   

Hyodeoxycholic acid

(4R)-4-[(1S,2R,5R,8S,10S,11S,14R,15R)-5,8-dihydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecan-14-yl]pentanoic acid

C24H40O4 (392.2926)


Hyodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135). A bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depends only on presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Hyodeoxycholic acid is a secondary bile acid formed in the small intestine by the gut flora, and acts as a TGR5 (GPCR19) agonist, with an EC50 of 31.6 μM in CHO cells. Hyodeoxycholic acid is a secondary bile acid formed in the small intestine by the gut flora, and acts as a TGR5 (GPCR19) agonist, with an EC50 of 31.6 μM in CHO cells. Hyodeoxycholic acid is a secondary bile acid formed in the small intestine by the gut flora, and acts as a TGR5 (GPCR19) agonist, with an EC50 of 31.6 μM in CHO cells.

   

Hyocholate

(4R)-4-[(1S,2R,5R,7R,8R,9S,10S,11S,15R)-5,8,9-trihydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecan-14-yl]pentanoic acid

C24H40O5 (408.2876)


Hyocholic acid is a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135). A bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depends only on presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12.

   

Muricholic acid

(4R)-4-[(1S,2R,5R,7R,10S,11S,14R,15R)-5,8,9-trihydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecan-14-yl]pentanoic acid

C24H40O5 (408.2876)


A bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135). D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids

   

Tauroursocholic acid

2-[(4R)-4-[(2S,5R,7S,9S,14R,15R,16S)-5,9,16-trihydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁵]heptadecan-14-yl]pentanamido]ethane-1-sulfonic acid

C26H45NO7S (515.2917)


Tauroursocholic acid is a bile acid formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135). Tauroursocholic acid is a bile acid formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depends only on presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g., membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues. (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135) [HMDB]

   

Chenodeoxycholic acid sulfate

(4R)-4-[(1S,2S,5R,7S,10R,11S,14R,15R)-5-Hydroxy-2,15-dimethyl-9-(sulphooxy)tetracyclo[8.7.0.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁵]heptadecan-14-yl]pentanoic acid

C24H40O7S (472.2495)


The sulfate salt of Chenodeoxycholic acid is one of the 4 main organic acids produced by the liver. (Wikipedia). The sulfate salt of Chenodeoxycholic acid is one of the 4 main organic acids produced by the liver. [HMDB]

   

Cholic acid glucuronide

(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-{[(1S,2S,5R,7R,9R,10R,11S,14R,15R,16S)-14-[(2R)-4-carboxybutan-2-yl]-9,16-dihydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁵]heptadecan-5-yl]oxy}-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid

C30H48O11 (584.3196)


Cholic acid glucuronide is the glucuronidated metabolite of cholic acid, one of the four main acids produced by the liver where it is synthesized from cholesterol. Upon formation, the glucuronide is rapidly and effectively cleared from the circulation and excreted via urine. (PMID:4020296) [HMDB] Cholic acid glucuronide is the glucuronidated metabolite of cholic acid, one of the four main acids produced by the liver where it is synthesized from cholesterol. Upon formation, the glucuronide is rapidly and effectively cleared from the circulation and excreted via urine. (PMID:4020296). D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids

   

Glycochenodeoxycholic acid 3-glucuronide

(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3R,5R,7R,8R,9S,10S,13R,14S)-17-[(2R)-5-(carboxymethylamino)-5-oxopentan-2-yl]-7-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid

C32H51NO11 (625.3462)


Glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDC)induced the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) in a dose-dependent manner, which was inhibited by cyclosporin A, alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene and idebenone. GCDC stimulated reactive oxygen species generation and release of cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor, which were significantly inhibited by the antioxidants, cyclosporin A, and tauroursodeoxycholic acid. mitochondrial pathways of cell death are stimulated in human hepatic mitochondria exposed to GCDC consistent with the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of cholestatic liver injury. (16056106) [HMDB] Glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDC)induced the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) in a dose-dependent manner, which was inhibited by cyclosporin A, alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene and idebenone. GCDC stimulated reactive oxygen species generation and release of cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor, which were significantly inhibited by the antioxidants, cyclosporin A, and tauroursodeoxycholic acid. mitochondrial pathways of cell death are stimulated in human hepatic mitochondria exposed to GCDC consistent with the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of cholestatic liver injury. (16056106).

   

Taurocholic acid 3-sulfate

2-[(4R)-4-[(2S,5R,7R,9R,15R,16S)-9,16-dihydroxy-2,15-dimethyl-5-(sulfooxy)tetracyclo[8.7.0.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁵]heptadecan-14-yl]pentanamido]ethane-1-sulfonic acid

C26H45NO10S2 (595.2485)


Taurocholic acid 3-sulfate is a sulfated bile acid. It is a sulfate salt of taurocholic acid and is also known as cholaic acid, cholyltaurine, or acidum cholatauricum. Under normal circumstances, bile acid sulfation is a minor pathway. However in the presence of cholestasis, the fraction of the bile acid pool which is sulfated increases. Sulfation of bile acids increases the aqueous solubility of the amphipathic compounds and results in more efficient renal clearance as well as in decreased reabsorption from the intestinal lumen. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135).

   

Chenodeoxycholic acid 3-sulfate

(4R)-4-[(1S,2S,5R,7R,9R,10R,11S,14R,15R)-9-hydroxy-2,15-dimethyl-5-(sulfooxy)tetracyclo[8.7.0.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁵]heptadecan-14-yl]pentanoic acid

C24H40O7S (472.2495)


Chenodeoxycholic acid 3-sulfate is produced by the action of enzymes existing in the microbial flora of the colonic environment. The major phase II metabolism of bile acids is sulfation mainly catalyzed by the hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase, forming the 3-sulfate conjugate. (PMID:16949895) [HMDB] Chenodeoxycholic acid 3-sulfate is produced by the action of enzymes existing in the microbial flora of the colonic environment. The major phase II metabolism of bile acids is sulfation mainly catalyzed by the hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase, forming the 3-sulfate conjugate. (PMID: 16949895). D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids

   

Deoxycholic acid 3-glucuronide

(2S,3S,4S,5R)-6-[[(3R,5R,8R,9S,10S,12S,13R,14S)-17-[(2R)-4-carboxybutan-2-yl]-12-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid

C30H48O10 (568.3247)


Deoxycholic acid 3-glucuronide is a natural human metabolite of Deoxycholic acid generated in the liver by UDP glucuonyltransferase. Glucuronidated conjugate of deoxycholic acid: one of the 4 main acids produced by the liver used in the emulsification of fats for the absorption in the intestine. (Wikipedia). Glucuronidation is used to assist in the excretion of toxic substances, drugs or other substances that cannot be used as an energy source. Glucuronic acid is attached via a glycosidic bond to the substance, and the resulting glucuronide, which has a much higher water solubility than the original substance, is eventually excreted by the kidneys. Deoxycholic acid 3-glucuronide is a natural human metabolite of Deoxycholic acid generated in the liver by UDP glucuonyltransferase. Glucuronidated conjugate of deoxycholic acid: one of the 4 main acids produced by the liver used in the emulsification of fats for the absorption in the intestine.

   

Ursodeoxycholic acid 3-sulfate

(4R)-4-[(1S,2S,5S,9S,10R,11S,14R,15R)-9-Hydroxy-2,15-dimethyl-5-(sulphooxy)tetracyclo[8.7.0.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁵]heptadecan-14-yl]pentanoic acid

C24H40O7S (472.2495)


Ursodeoxycholic acid is produced by the action of enzymes existing in the microbial flora of the colonic environment. The major phase II metabolism of bile acids is sulfation mainly catalyzed by the hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase, forming the 3-sulfate conjugate. (PMID:16949895) [HMDB] Ursodeoxycholic acid is produced by the action of enzymes existing in the microbial flora of the colonic environment. The major phase II metabolism of bile acids is sulfation mainly catalyzed by the hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase, forming the 3-sulfate conjugate. (PMID: 16949895).

   

Glycohyocholic acid

2-[(4R)-4-[(1S,2R,5R,7R,8R,9S,10S,11S,14R,15R)-5,8,9-trihydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecan-14-yl]pentanamido]acetic acid

C26H43NO6 (465.309)


Glycohyocholic acid (GHCA) is a bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135).

   

Glycocholic acid 3-sulfate

2-({4-[9,16-dihydroxy-2,15-dimethyl-5-(sulphooxy)tetracyclo[8.7.0.0,.0,]heptadecan-14-yl]-1-hydroxypentylidene}amino)acetic acid

C26H43NO9S (545.2658)


   

Glycocholenate sulfate

2-{[(2E,4R)-4-[(1S,2S,5R,7R,9R,10R,11S,14R,15R,16S)-9,16-dihydroxy-2,15-dimethyl-5-(sulfooxy)tetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecan-14-yl]-1-hydroxypent-2-en-1-ylidene]amino}acetic acid

C26H41NO9S (543.2502)


   

Chaps

3-[Dimethyl[3-[(R)-4-[(3R,5S,7R,8R,9S,10S,12S,13R,14S,17R)-3,7,12-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethylhexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]pentanamido]propyl]ammonio]propane-1-sulfonate

C32H58N2O7S (614.3965)


   

Tauro-α-muricholic acid

2-(4-{5,8,9-trihydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecan-14-yl}pentanamido)ethane-1-sulfonic acid

C26H45NO7S (515.2917)


   

Taurodehydrocholic acid

2-(4-{2,15-dimethyl-5,9,16-trioxotetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecan-14-yl}pentanamido)ethane-1-sulfonic acid

C26H39NO7S (509.2447)


D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids

   

Glycohyodeoxycholic acid

2-[(4-{5,8-dihydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁵]heptadecan-14-yl}-1-hydroxypentylidene)amino]acetate

C26H43NO5 (449.3141)


Glycohyodeoxycholic acid is a major metabolite of Hyodeoxycholic acid in humans. Glycohyodeoxycholic acid has preventative effects on gallstone formation[1][2].

   

23-Nordeoxycholic acid

3-(3,12-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)butanoic acid

C23H38O4 (378.277)


Nordeoxycholic acid is a 23-carbon bile acid. Nordeoxycholic acid is a norcholic acid metabolite and a steroid human metabolite[1].

   

Deoxycholic Acid

3alpha,12alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oic acid

C24H40O4 (392.2926)


C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C66913 - Cholagogues or Choleretic Agents D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002756 - Cholagogues and Choleretics D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids D - Dermatologicals Deoxycholic acid (cholanoic acid), a bile acid, is a by-product of intestinal metabolism, that activates the G protein-coupled bile acid receptorTGR5[1][2]. Deoxycholic acid (cholanoic acid), a bile acid, is a by-product of intestinal metabolism, that activates the G protein-coupled bile acid receptorTGR5[1][2].

   

Taurocholic Acid

N-(3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oyl)-taurine

C26H45NO7S (515.2917)


D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002756 - Cholagogues and Choleretics D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids D013501 - Surface-Active Agents > D003902 - Detergents COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Taurocholic acid (N-Choloyltaurine) is a bile acid involved in the emulsification of fats. Taurocholic acid (N-Choloyltaurine) is a bile acid involved in the emulsification of fats.

   

taurodeoxycholic acid

2-[[(4R)-4-[(3R,5R,9S,10S,12S,13R,14S,17R)-3,12-Dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]pentanoyl]amino]ethanesulfonic acid

C26H45NO6S (499.2967)


   

Glycochenodeoxycholate

Glycochenodeoxycholic acid

C26H43NO5 (449.3141)


D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids D013501 - Surface-Active Agents > D003902 - Detergents Glycochenodeoxycholic acid (Chenodeoxycholylglycine) is a bile acid formed in the liver from chenodeoxycholate and glycine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. Glycochenodeoxycholic acid (Chenodeoxycholylglycine) induces hepatocyte apoptosis[1][2].

   

chenodeoxycholic acid

chenodeoxycholic acid

C24H40O4 (392.2926)


MS2 deconvoluted using MS2Dec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; RUDATBOHQWOJDD_STSL_0094_Chenodeoxycholic acid_0500fmol_180506_S2_LC02_MS02_225; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. MS2 deconvoluted using CorrDec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.466 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.465 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.467 Chenodeoxycholic Acid is a hydrophobic primary bile acid that activates nuclear receptors (FXR) involved in cholesterol metabolism. Chenodeoxycholic Acid is a hydrophobic primary bile acid that activates nuclear receptors (FXR) involved in cholesterol metabolism.

   

Cholic Acid

sodium cholate hydrate

C24H40O5 (408.2876)


MS2 deconvoluted using MS2Dec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; BHQCQFFYRZLCQQ-OELDTZBJSA-N_STSL_0091_Cholic acid_8000fmol_180416_S2_LC02_MS02_85; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. MS2 deconvoluted using CorrDec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.368 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.366 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.369 Cholic acid is a major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion. Cholic acid is orally active[1][2]. Cholic acid is a major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion. Cholic acid is orally active[1][2].

   

Tauroursodeoxycholic acid

Tauroursodeoxycholic acid

C26H45NO6S (499.2967)


C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1404 - Protein Kinase Inhibitor > C61074 - Serine/Threonine Kinase Inhibitor C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29703 - Antilipidemic Agent D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002756 - Cholagogues and Choleretics D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids Tauroursodeoxycholate (Tauroursodeoxycholic acid) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor. Tauroursodeoxycholate significantly reduces expression of apoptosis molecules, such as caspase-3 and caspase-12. Tauroursodeoxycholate also inhibits ERK. Tauroursodeoxycholate (Tauroursodeoxycholic acid) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor. Tauroursodeoxycholate significantly reduces expression of apoptosis molecules, such as caspase-3 and caspase-12. Tauroursodeoxycholate also inhibits ERK.

   

Lithocholenic acid

Lithocholenic acid

C24H38O3 (374.2821)


CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 75

   

alpha-muricholic acid

3a,6b,7a-Trihydroxy-5b-cholan-24-oic acid

C24H40O5 (408.2876)


D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids [Analytical] Sample of 1 micorL methanol solution was flow injected.; [Mass_spectrometry] Sampling interval 1 Hz; In-suorce decay

   

7-oxo-3,8,9-trihydroxystaurosporine trifluoroacetate

7-oxo-3,8,9-trihydroxystaurosporine trifluoroacetate

C28H24N4O7 (528.1645)


   

Taurolithocholic acid

Taurolithocholic acid

C26H45NO5S (483.3018)


D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002756 - Cholagogues and Choleretics D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids D013501 - Surface-Active Agents > D003902 - Detergents The bile acid taurine conjugate of lithocholic acid. KEIO_ID T072

   

7alpha,12beta-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oic Acid

7alpha,12beta-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oic Acid

C24H40O4 (392.2926)


[Analytical] Sample of 1 micorL methanol solution was flow injected.

   

Deoxycholic Acid

Sodium Deoxycholate

C24H40O4 (392.2926)


Deoxycholic acid (cholanoic acid), a bile acid, is a by-product of intestinal metabolism, that activates the G protein-coupled bile acid receptorTGR5[1][2]. Deoxycholic acid (cholanoic acid), a bile acid, is a by-product of intestinal metabolism, that activates the G protein-coupled bile acid receptorTGR5[1][2].

   

Lithocholic acid

3ALPHA-HYDROXY-5-BETA-CHOLANATE

C24H40O3 (376.2977)


A monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid with a alpha-hydroxy substituent at position 3. It is a bile acid obtained from chenodeoxycholic acid by bacterial action. D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids D013501 - Surface-Active Agents > D003902 - Detergents relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.566 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.575 Lithocholic acid is a toxic secondary bile acid that can promote intrahepatic cholestasis and promote tumorigenesis.

   

Dehydrocholic acid

(4R)-4-[(5S,8R,9S,10S,13R,14S,17R)-10,13-dimethyl-3,7,12-trioxo-1,2,4,5,6,8,9,11,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]pentanoic acid

C24H34O5 (402.2406)


Dehydrocholic acid is a synthetic bile acid, manufactured by the oxidation of cholic acid. It acts as a hydrocholeretic, increasing bile output to clear increased bile acid load. 3,7,12-trioxo-5beta-cholanic acid is an oxo-5beta-cholanic acid in which three oxo substituents are located at positions 3, 7 and 12 on the cholanic acid skeleton. It has a role as a gastrointestinal drug. It is an oxo-5beta-cholanic acid, a 7-oxo steroid, a 12-oxo steroid and a 3-oxo-5beta-steroid. It is a conjugate acid of a 3,7,12-trioxo-5beta-cholan-24-oate. Dehydrocholic acid is a synthetic bile acid that was prepared from the oxidation of cholic acid with chromic acid. It has been used for stimulation of biliary lipid secretion. The use of dehydrocholic acid in over-the-counter products has been discontinued by Health Canada.

   

Glycochenodeoxycholic acid

Chenodeoxycholic acid glycine conjugate

C26H43NO5 (449.3141)


A bile acid glycine conjugate having 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oyl as the bile acid component. Chenodeoxycholic acid glycine conjugate is an acyl glycine and a bile acid-glycine conugate. It is a secondary bile acid produced by the action of enzymes existing in the microbial flora of the colonic environment. In hepatocytes, both primary and secondary bile acids undergo amino acid conjugation at the C-24 carboxylic acid on the side chain, and almost all bile acids in the bile duct therefore exist in a glycine conjugated form (PMID:16949895). This compound usually exists as the sodium salt and acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic. [HMDB] Glycochenodeoxycholic acid (Chenodeoxycholylglycine) is a bile acid formed in the liver from chenodeoxycholate and glycine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. Glycochenodeoxycholic acid (Chenodeoxycholylglycine) induces hepatocyte apoptosis[1][2].

   

Glycocholic acid

N-cholylglycine;3alpha,7beta,12alpha-Trihydroxyoxocholanyl-Glycine

C26H43NO6 (465.309)


MS2 deconvoluted using MS2Dec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; RFDAIACWWDREDC-FRVQLJSFSA-N_STSL_0092_Glycocholic acid_8000fmol_180416_S2_LC02_MS02_93; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. MS2 deconvoluted using CorrDec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. Glycocholic acid is a bile acid with anticancer activity, targeting against pump resistance-related and non-pump resistance-related pathways[1]. Glycocholic acid is a bile acid with anticancer activity, targeting against pump resistance-related and non-pump resistance-related pathways[1].

   

Hyodeoxycholic acid

Hyodeoxycholic acid

C24H40O4 (392.2926)


Hyodeoxycholic acid is a secondary bile acid formed in the small intestine by the gut flora, and acts as a TGR5 (GPCR19) agonist, with an EC50 of 31.6 μM in CHO cells. Hyodeoxycholic acid is a secondary bile acid formed in the small intestine by the gut flora, and acts as a TGR5 (GPCR19) agonist, with an EC50 of 31.6 μM in CHO cells. Hyodeoxycholic acid is a secondary bile acid formed in the small intestine by the gut flora, and acts as a TGR5 (GPCR19) agonist, with an EC50 of 31.6 μM in CHO cells.

   

taurodeoxycholic acid

taurodeoxycholic acid

C26H45NO6S (499.2967)


D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002756 - Cholagogues and Choleretics D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids D013501 - Surface-Active Agents > D003902 - Detergents A bile acid taurine conjugate of deoxycholic acid. Taurodeoxycholic acid, a bile acid, stabilizes the mitochondrial membrane, decreases free radical formation. Taurodeoxycholic acid inhibits apoptosis by blocking a calcium-mediated apoptotic pathway as well as caspase-12 activation. Taurodeoxycholic acid exhibits neuroprotective effect in 3-nitropropionic acid induced mouse model or genetic mouse model of Huntington's disease (HD)[1][2][3][4]. Taurodeoxycholic acid, a bile acid, stabilizes the mitochondrial membrane, decreases free radical formation. Taurodeoxycholic acid inhibits apoptosis by blocking a calcium-mediated apoptotic pathway as well as caspase-12 activation. Taurodeoxycholic acid exhibits neuroprotective effect in 3-nitropropionic acid induced mouse model or genetic mouse model of Huntington's disease (HD)[1][2][3][4].

   

Taurocholic Acid

N-(3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oyl)-taurine

C26H45NO7S (515.2917)


A bile acid taurine conjugate of cholic acid that usually occurs as the sodium salt of bile in mammals. D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002756 - Cholagogues and Choleretics D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids D013501 - Surface-Active Agents > D003902 - Detergents MS2 deconvoluted using MS2Dec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; WBWWGRHZICKQGZ-HZAMXZRMSA-N_STSL_0093_Taurocholic acid_8000fmol_180416_S2_LC02_MS02_101; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. MS2 deconvoluted using CorrDec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 59 Taurocholic acid (N-Choloyltaurine) is a bile acid involved in the emulsification of fats. Taurocholic acid (N-Choloyltaurine) is a bile acid involved in the emulsification of fats.

   

Glycodeoxycholic acid

N-(3alpha,12alpha-Dihydroxy-24-oxocholane-24-yl)glycine

C26H43NO5 (449.3141)


CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 54

   

Glycoursodeoxycholic acid

Glycoursodeoxycholic acid

C26H43NO5 (449.3141)


D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts A bile acid glycine conjugate derived from ursoodeoxycholic acid. D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 55 Glycoursodeoxycholic acid, a acyl glycine and a bile acid-glycine conjugate, is a metabolite of ursodeoxycholic acid.

   

Glycolithocholic acid

Glycolithocholic acid

C26H43NO4 (433.3192)


CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 73

   

Glycohyocholic acid

Glycohyocholic acid

C26H43NO6 (465.309)


A bile acid glycine conjugate having hyocholic acid as the bile acid component. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 74

   

7-Ketolithocholic acid

3alpha-Hydroxy-7-oxo-5beta-cholanic acid

C24H38O4 (390.277)


D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002756 - Cholagogues and Choleretics D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 80 7-Ketolithocholic acid (3α-Hydroxy-7-oxo-5β-cholanic acid), a bile acid, can be absorbed and suppresses endogenous bile acid production and biliary cholesterol secretion[1][2].

   

12-Ketolithocholic acid

3?-Hydroxy-12 Ketolithocholic Acid

C24H38O4 (390.277)


D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 81 12-Ketodeoxycholic acid (12-Ketolithocholic acid) is a bile acid, metabolite from kidney. 12-Ketodeoxycholic acid can be a detectable marker for evidence of kidney injury[1]

   

Glycohyodeoxycholic acid

Glycohyodeoxycholic acid

C26H43NO5 (449.3141)


D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 82 Glycohyodeoxycholic acid is a major metabolite of Hyodeoxycholic acid in humans. Glycohyodeoxycholic acid has preventative effects on gallstone formation[1][2].

   

7-Ketodeoxycholic acid

7-Keto-3α,12-α-dihydroxycholanic Acid

C24H38O5 (406.2719)


D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 265 7-keto-lithocholic acid is a metabolite of bile acids in Clostridium absonum. 7-keto-lithocholic acid is also converted from Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium with specific condition[1][2].

   

Sulfocholic acid

Sulfocholic acid

C24H40O8S (488.2444)


CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 293

   

Tauroursocholic acid

Tauroursocholic acid

C26H45NO7S (515.2917)


A bile acid taurine conjugate of ursocholic acid.

   

β-Lithocholanic acid

5β-Cholan-24-oic acid, 3β-hydroxy-

C24H40O3 (376.2977)


A monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid with a beta-hydroxy substituent at position 3. The 3beta-hydroxy epimer of lithocholic acid. Isolithocholic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=1534-35-6 (retrieved 2024-07-15) (CAS RN: 1534-35-6). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Isolithocholic acid (β-Lithocholic acid) is an isomer of Lithocholic acid. Isolithocholic acid, a bile acid, is formed by microbial metabolism of Lithocholic acid or Lithocholic acid 3α-sulfate[1][2].

   

Isoallolithocholic Acid

Isoallolithocholic Acid

C24H40O3 (376.2977)


   

Ursocholic acid

3alpha,7beta,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oic Acid

C24H40O5 (408.2876)


A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three hydroxy substituents at positions 3alpha, 7beta and 12alpha. D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids Ursocholic acid, a bile acid found predominantly in bile of mammals, is transformed into deoxycholic acid by the intestinal microflora in mice. Ursodeoxycholic acid is an inhibitor of 7α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α[1].

   

Taurochenodeoxycholic acid

Taurochenodeoxycholic acid

C26H45NO6S (499.2967)


Taurochenodeoxycholic acid (12-Deoxycholyltaurine) is one of the main bioactive substances of animals' bile acid. Taurochenodeoxycholic acid induces apoptosis and shows obvious anti-inflammatory and immune regulation properties[1][2].

   

Taurohyodeoxycholic acid

Taurohyodeoxycholic acid

C26H45NO6S (499.2967)


Taurohyodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid taurine conjugate. It is a conjugate acid of a taurohyodeoxycholate(1-). Taurohyodeoxycholic acid is the tauroconjugated form of Hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA, a dihydroxylated natural bile acid). Taurohyodeoxycholic acid induces a biliary phospholipid secretion and suggests a hepatoprotective potential. Taurohyodeoxycholic acid also can promote gallstone dissolution[1][1].

   

Taurohyocholic acid

Taurohyocholic acid

C26H45NO7S (515.2917)


   

3-oxochol-4-en-24-oic acid

3-oxochol-4-en-24-oic acid

C24H36O3 (372.2664)


D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids

   

Allolithocholic acid

Allolithocholic acid

C24H40O3 (376.2977)


   

3-Oxo-4,6-choladienoic acid

3-Oxo-4,6-choladienoic acid

C24H34O3 (370.2508)


   

Allocholic acid

Allocholic acid

C24H40O5 (408.2876)


An allo-bile acid that is 5alpha-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12. D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids Allocholic acid is a typically fetal bile acid found in vertebrates and reappears during liver regeneration and carcinogenesis, besides it is also a conjugate acid of allocholate and an isomer of cholic acid. Allocholic acid is a potent and specific stimulant of the adult olfactory system, it has a role as a marine metabolite, a rat metabolite and a human metabolite[1][2][3].

   

Isohyodeoxycholic Acid

Isohyodeoxycholic Acid

C24H40O4 (392.2926)


   

Isoursodeoxycholic acid

Isoursodeoxycholic acid

C24H40O4 (392.2926)


A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by beta-hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7. D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids

   

Cholic acid glucuronide

3alpha-[(beta-D-Glucopyranuronosyl)oxy]-7alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholanoic acid

C30H48O11 (584.3196)


D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids

   

Deoxycholic acid 3-glucuronide

Deoxycholic acid 3-glucuronide

C30H48O10 (568.3247)


   

Glycochenodeoxycholic acid 3-glucuronide

Glycochenodeoxycholic acid 3-glucuronide

C32H51NO11 (625.3462)


   

Chenodeoxycholic acid disulfate

3alpha,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oic acid 3,7-disulfate

C24H40O10S2 (552.2063)


   

Chenodeoxycholic acid sulfate

Chenodeoxycholic acid sulfate

C24H40O7S (472.2495)


   

Deoxycholic acid disulfate

3alpha,12alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oic acid 3,12-disulfate

C24H40O10S2 (552.2063)


   

Taurochenodeoxycholic acid 3-sulfate

N-(3α,7α-dihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oyl)-taurine 3-sulfate

C26H45NO8S2 (563.2586)


   

Taurochenodeoxycholic acid 7-sulfate

N-(3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oyl)-taurine 7-sulfate

C26H45NO9S2 (579.2536)


D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids

   

Taurolithocholic acid 3-glucuronide

(3alpha,5beta)-24-oxo-24-[(2-sulfoethyl)amino]cholan-3-yl-beta-D-Glucopyranosiduronic acid

C32H53NO11S (659.3339)


   

7-Sulfocholic acid

3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oic acid 7-sulfate

C24H40O8S (488.2444)


   

Vulpecholic acid

1alpha,3alpha,7alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oic Acid

C24H40O5 (408.2876)


D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids

   

Taurodehydrocholic acid

Taurodehydrocholic acid

C26H39NO7S (509.2447)


D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids

   

Glycodehydrocholic acid

Glycodehydrocholic acid

C26H37NO6 (459.2621)


   

Tauro-beta-muricholic acid

Tauro-beta-muricholic acid

C26H45NO7S (515.2917)


D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts A bile acid taurine conjugate derived from beta-muricholic acid. D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids

   

Taurocholenate sulfate

2-[[(3α,5β,7α,12α)-7,12-Dihydroxy-24-oxo-3-(sulfooxy)cholan-24-yl]amino]ethanesulfonic acid

C26H43NO10S2 (593.2328)


Taurocholenate sulfate is a bile acid taurine conjugate. Taurocholic acid 3-sulfate. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=67030-62-0 (retrieved 2024-07-25) (CAS RN: 67030-62-0). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

   

6,7-Diketolithocholic acid

6,7-Diketolithocholic acid

C24H36O5 (404.2563)


6,7-Diketolithocholic acid, also known as 3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid, is a derivative of lithocholic acid, which is a secondary bile acid. Bile acids are synthesized in the liver from cholesterol and are important for the digestion and absorption of dietary fats and oils. They are also involved in the transport of hydrophobic lipid molecules in the bloodstream. The presence of two ketone groups (diketo form) at the 6th and 7th positions of the steroid nucleus differentiates 6,7-Diketolithocholic acid from other bile acids. This structural modification can affect its physicochemical properties, such as solubility and hydrophobicity, which in turn can influence its biological activity and interaction with other molecules. In the context of bile acid metabolism, 6,7-Diketolithocholic acid may have implications in certain disease states. For example, it has been associated with cholestasis, a condition where bile flow from the liver is reduced, leading to bile accumulation and potential liver damage. The diketo form of lithocholic acid can also be involved in the pathogenesis of certain liver diseases, including liver cancer. Research on 6,7-Diketolithocholic acid and its derivatives is ongoing, and scientists are exploring their potential as therapeutic agents or as tools to better understand bile acid metabolism and related disorders.

   

Cholic acid 3-sulfate

Cholic acid 3-sulfate

C24H40O8S (488.2444)


   

Glycocholic acid 3-sulfate

Glycocholic acid 3-sulfate

C26H43NO9S (545.2658)


   

Glycoursocholanic acid

Glycoursocholanic acid

C26H43NO3 (417.3243)


   

Taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate

Taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate

C26H45NO8S2 (563.2586)


D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids

   

beta-muricholic acid

beta-muricholic acid

C24H40O5 (408.2876)


D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids β-Muricholic acid is a potent and orally active biliary cholesterol-desaturating agent. β-Muricholic acid prevents cholesterol gallstones. β-Muricholic acid inhibits lipid accumulation. β-Muricholic acid has the potential for the research of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)[1][2].

   

Isodeoxycholic acid

Isodeoxycholic acid

C24H40O4 (392.2926)


   

omega-muricholic acid

omega-muricholic acid

C24H40O5 (408.2876)


D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids

   

Chenodeoxycholic acid 3-sulfate

Chenodeoxycholic acid 3-sulfate

C24H40O7S (472.2495)


D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids

   

3alpha,6beta,7alpha,12alpha-Tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oic Acid

3alpha,6beta,7alpha,12alpha-Tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oic Acid

C24H40O6 (424.2825)


   

Ursodeoxycholic acid 3-sulfate

Ursodeoxycholic acid 3-sulfate

C24H40O7S (472.2495)


   

Muricholic acid

Muricholic acid

C24H40O5 (408.2876)


D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids

   

Glycocholenate sulfate

Glycocholenate sulfate

C26H41NO9S (543.2502)


   

3alpha,12alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-chol-8(14)-en-24-oic Acid

3alpha,12alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-chol-8(14)-en-24-oic Acid

C24H38O4 (390.277)


   

12beta-Hydroxy-3-oxo-5beta-cholan-24-oic Acid

12beta-Hydroxy-3-oxo-5beta-cholan-24-oic Acid

C24H38O4 (390.277)


   

7,12-Dioxo-5beta-cholan-24-oic Acid

7,12-Dioxo-5beta-cholan-24-oic Acid

C24H36O4 (388.2613)


   

3alpha,6alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oic Acid

3alpha,6alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oic Acid

C24H40O6 (424.2825)


   

Nordeoxycholic Acid

Nordeoxycholic Acid

C23H38O4 (378.277)


D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids Nordeoxycholic acid is a 23-carbon bile acid. Nordeoxycholic acid is a norcholic acid metabolite and a steroid human metabolite[1].

   

Taurocholic acid 3-sulfate

Taurocholic acid 3-sulfate

C26H45NO10S2 (595.2485)


   

3-Oxochola-1,4,6-trien-24-oic Acid

3-Oxochola-1,4,6-trien-24-oic Acid

C24H32O3 (368.2351)


   

2beta,3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oic Acid

2beta,3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oic Acid

C24H40O6 (424.2825)


   

5alpha-CHOLANIC ACID-3alpha-OL-6-ONE

5alpha-CHOLANIC ACID-3alpha-OL-6-ONE

C24H38O4 (390.277)


   

3beta-Hydroxychol-4-en-24-oic Acid

3beta-Hydroxychol-4-en-24-oic Acid

C24H38O3 (374.2821)


   

3beta,4beta-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oic Acid

3beta,4beta-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oic Acid

C24H40O4 (392.2926)


   

3alpha,4beta-dihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oic Acid

3alpha,4beta-dihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oic Acid

C24H40O4 (392.2926)


   

3beta,6alpha,7beta-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oic Acid

3beta,6alpha,7beta-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oic Acid

C24H40O5 (408.2876)


   

3beta,7beta-Dihydroxy-12-oxo-5beta-cholan-24-oic Acid

3beta,7beta-Dihydroxy-12-oxo-5beta-cholan-24-oic Acid

C24H38O5 (406.2719)


   

1,7-Dioxo-5beta-chol-2-en-24-oic Acid

1,7-Dioxo-5beta-chol-2-en-24-oic Acid

C24H34O4 (386.2457)


   

3,7,12-Trioxochola-1,5-dien-24-oic Acid

3,7,12-Trioxochola-1,5-dien-24-oic Acid

C24H30O5 (398.2093)


   

7alpha-Hydroxy-3,12-dioxochola-1,4-dien-24-oic Acid

7alpha-Hydroxy-3,12-dioxochola-1,4-dien-24-oic Acid

C24H32O5 (400.225)


   

2beta,3beta-Dihydroxy-6-oxo-5alpha-chol-7-en-24-oic Acid

2beta,3beta-Dihydroxy-6-oxo-5alpha-chol-7-en-24-oic Acid

C24H36O5 (404.2563)


   

3alpha,7alpha,12beta-Trihydroxy-11-oxo-5beta-cholan-24-oic Acid

3alpha,7alpha,12beta-Trihydroxy-11-oxo-5beta-cholan-24-oic Acid

C24H38O6 (422.2668)


   

3alpha,6alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-7-oxo-5beta-cholan-24-oic Acid

3alpha,6alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-7-oxo-5beta-cholan-24-oic Acid

C24H38O6 (422.2668)


   

2beta,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-3-oxo-5beta-cholan-24-oic Acid

2beta,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-3-oxo-5beta-cholan-24-oic Acid

C24H38O6 (422.2668)


   

Ursodeoxycholic Acid

Ursodeoxycholic Acid

C24H40O4 (392.2926)


A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.

   

glyco-beta-muricholic acid

glyco-beta-muricholic acid

C26H43NO6 (465.309)


   

glyco-beta-muricholic acid

glyco-beta-muricholic acid

C26H43NO6 (465.309)


   

Tauro-omega-muricholic acid

Tauro-omega-muricholic acid

C26H45NO7S (515.2917)


   

23-Nordeoxycholic acid

23-Nordeoxycholic acid

C23H38O4 (378.277)


   

3,12-Diketocholanic acid

3,12-Diketocholanic acid

C24H36O4 (388.2613)


   

3,6-Diketocholanic acid

3,6-Diketocholanic acid

C24H36O4 (388.2613)


   

3,7-Diketocholanic acid

3,7-Diketocholanic acid

C24H36O4 (388.2613)


   

3beta,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholanoic acid

3beta,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholanoic acid

C24H40O4 (392.2926)


   

3-Ketochenodeoxycholic acid

3-Ketochenodeoxycholic acid

C24H38O4 (390.277)


   

3-Ketodeoxycholic acid

3-Ketodeoxycholic acid

C24H38O4 (390.277)


   

5alpha-Cholanic acid-3,6-dione

5alpha-Cholanic acid-3,6-dione

C24H36O4 (388.2613)


   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   

5-Cholenic acid-3beta-ol

5-Cholenic acid-3beta-ol

C24H38O5 (406.2719)


   

6-Ketolithocholic acid

6-Ketolithocholic acid

C24H38O4 (390.277)


   

7,12-Diketolithocholic acid

7,12-Diketolithocholic acid

C24H36O5 (404.2563)


   

9(11),(5beta)-Cholenic acid-3alpha-ol-12-one

9(11),(5beta)-Cholenic acid-3alpha-ol-12-one

C24H36O4 (388.2613)


   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   

Cholanic acid diol

Cholanic acid diol

C24H40O4 (392.2926)


   

Cholenic acidol

Cholenic acidol

C24H38O5 (406.2719)


   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   

Deoxycholic acid 3-sulfate

Deoxycholic acid 3-sulfate

C24H40O7S (472.2495)


   

Dihydroxyoxocholanoic acid

Dihydroxyoxocholanoic acid

C24H38O5 (406.2719)


   

Dihydroxyoxocholenoic acid

Dihydroxyoxocholenoic acid

C24H36O5 (404.2563)


   

Diketocholanic acid

Diketocholanic acid

C24H36O4 (388.2613)


   

Diketolithocholic acid

Diketolithocholic acid

C24H36O5 (404.2563)


   

Dioxocholanoic acid

Dioxocholanoic acid

C24H36O4 (388.2613)


   

Dioxocholenoic acid

Dioxocholenoic acid

C24H34O4 (386.2457)


   

DOPA-alphaMCA

DOPA-alphaMCA

C33H49NO8 (587.3458)


   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   

Gly-alphaMCA

Gly-alphaMCA

C26H43NO6 (465.309)


   

Glycodeoxycholate sulfate

Glycodeoxycholate sulfate

C26H43NO8S (529.2709)


   

Glycodeoxycholic acid 3-sulfate

Glycodeoxycholic acid 3-sulfate

C26H43NO8S (529.2709)


   

Glycodeoxycholic acid

Glycochenodeoxycholic acid

C26H43NO5 (449.3141)


   

Glycolithocholic acid, ethyl ester

Glycolithocholic acid, ethyl ester

C28H47NO4 (461.3505)


   

Glycoursocholic acid

Glycoursocholic acid

C26H43NO6 (465.309)


   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   

Hydroxycholenoic acid

Hydroxycholenoic acid

C24H38O3 (374.2821)


   

Hydroxydioxocholadienoic acid

Hydroxydioxocholadienoic acid

C24H32O5 (400.225)


   

Hydroxyoxocholadienoic acid

Hydroxyoxocholadienoic acid

C24H34O4 (386.2457)


   

Hydroxyoxocholanoic acid

Hydroxyoxocholanoic acid

C24H38O4 (390.277)


   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   

Ketochenodeoxycholic acid

Ketochenodeoxycholic acid

C24H38O5 (406.2719)


   

Ketodeoxycholic acid

Ketodeoxycholic acid

C24H38O4 (390.277)


Ketodeoxycholic acid, abbreviated as KDC, is a secondary bile acid that plays a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of fats in the human body. It is synthesized from cholesterol in the liver, where it is initially converted into primary bile acids such as cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA). These primary bile acids are then transported to the intestines. In the intestines, gut bacteria act on these primary bile acids, converting some of them into secondary bile acids. Specifically, cholic acid is transformed into deoxycholic acid (DCA), while CDCA is converted into KDC. These secondary bile acids, including KDC, are then reabsorbed and returned to the liver, where they are resecreted into the bile. KDC, like other bile acids, aids in the emulsification of dietary fats, breaking them down into smaller droplets that are more easily acted upon by digestive enzymes. This process is essential for the absorption of dietary fats and fat-soluble vitamins. Additionally, bile acids, including KDC, are involved in the regulation of cholesterol metabolism, influencing the balance of cholesterol between the liver and the intestines. In summary, Ketodeoxycholic acid is a vital component of bile, contributing to the digestion and absorption of fats, as well as playing a role in cholesterol homeostasis.

   

Ketolithocholic acid

Ketolithocholic acid

C24H38O4 (390.277)


Ketolithocholic acid is a bile acid, which is a type of steroid acid found in the bile of mammals. It is synthesized from cholesterol in the liver and plays a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of lipid-soluble vitamins and the metabolism of lipids and cholesterol. Ketolithocholic acid is a specific type of bile acid, although it is not commonly found in nature and may be produced under certain conditions or through chemical synthesis.

   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   

Oxocholadienoic acid

Oxocholadienoic acid

C24H34O3 (370.2508)


   

Oxocholanoic acid

Oxocholanoic acid

C24H38O3 (374.2821)


   

Oxocholatrienoic acid

Oxocholatrienoic acid

C24H32O3 (368.2351)


   

Oxocholenoic acid

Oxocholenoic acid

C24H36O3 (372.2664)


   

Phe-alphaMCA

Phe-alphaMCA

C33H49NO6 (555.356)


   

Phe-betaMCA

Phe-betaMCA

C33H49NO6 (555.356)


   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   

Taurodeoxycholic acid 3-sulfate

Taurodeoxycholic acid 3-sulfate

C26H45NO9S2 (579.2536)


   

Tauroursodeoxycholic acid 3-sulfate

Tauroursodeoxycholic acid 3-sulfate

C26H45NO9S2 (579.2536)


   

Tetrahydroxycholanoic acid

Tetrahydroxycholanoic acid

C24H40O6 (424.2825)


   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   

Trihydroxycholanoic acid

Trihydroxycholanoic acid

C24H40O5 (408.2876)


   

Trihydroxyoxocholanoic acid

Trihydroxyoxocholanoic acid

C24H38O6 (422.2668)


   

Trioxocholadienoic acid

Trioxocholadienoic acid

C24H30O5 (398.2093)


   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   

Val-alphaMCA

Val-alphaMCA

C29H49NO6 (507.356)


   

Val-betaMCA

Val-betaMCA

C29H49NO6 (507.356)