Classification Term: 168937
Monosaccharide phosphates (ontology term: d0171c5b3583b3fa03ae72438a855a3f)
found 55 associated metabolites at sub_class metabolite taxonomy ontology rank level.
Ancestor: Monosaccharides
Child Taxonomies: There is no child term of current ontology term.
Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate
Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate, also known as PRPP or PRib-PP, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pentose phosphates. These are carbohydrate derivatives containing a pentose substituted by one or more phosphate groups. Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Within humans, phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, guanine and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate can be biosynthesized from guanosine monophosphate through its interaction with the enzyme adenine phosphoribosyltransferase. In addition, guanine and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate can be biosynthesized from guanosine monophosphate; which is catalyzed by the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. In humans, phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate is involved in adenosine deaminase deficiency. Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate is a pentosephosphate and it is the key substance in the biosynthesis of histidine, tryptophan, and purine and pyrimidine nucleotides. It is formed from ribose 5-phosphate by the enzyme ribose-phosphate diphosphokinase. It plays a role in transferring phosphate groups in several reactions. Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) is a pentosephosphate. The key substance in the biosynthesis of histidine, tryptophan, and purine and pyrimidine nucleotides. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map KEIO_ID P023 Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Mannitol 1-phosphate
Mannitol-1-phosphate is a sugar alcohol. Mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase, (EC 1.1.1.17) reduces fructose 6-phosphate into mannitol 1-phosphate, in the mannitol cycle of organisms such as Lactobacillus plantarum, a lactic acid bacterium found in many fermented food products and in the gastrointestinal tract of mammals. Mannitol-1-phosphate is also produced in many organisms that have a range of biological interactions with humans: parasitic, mutualism, or commensalism (Examples. A. niger; A. parasiticus; B. subtilis; C. difficile; E. faecalis; E. coli; K. pneumoniae; L. salivarius; M. hyopneumoniae; M. mycoides; M. pneumoniae; P. multocida; S. typhi; S. typhimurium; S. aureus; S. pneumoniae; V. cholerae; V. parahaemolyticus; Y. pestis). [HMDB] Mannitol 1-phosphate is a sugar alcohol. Mannitol 1-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.17) reduces fructose 6-phosphate into mannitol 1-phosphate in the gastrointestinal tract of mammals and the mannitol cycle of organisms such as Lactobacillus plantarum, a lactic acid bacterium found in many fermented food products. Mannitol 1-phosphate is also produced in many organisms that have a range of biological interactions with humans (e.g. A. niger, A. parasiticus, B. subtilis, C. difficile, E. faecalis, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, L. salivarius, M. hyopneumoniae, M. mycoides, M. pneumoniae, P. multocida, S. typhi, S. typhimurium, S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, Y. pestis). KEIO_ID M011
Sedoheptulose 7-phosphate
KEIO_ID S083
Ribose 1-phosphate
Ribose 1-phosphate, also known as alpha-D-ribofuranose 1-phosphate or 1-O-phosphono-A-D-ribofuranose, is a member of the class of compounds known as pentoses. Pentoses are monosaccharides in which the carbohydrate moiety contains five carbon atoms. Ribose 1-phosphate is soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Ribose 1-phosphate can be found in a number of food items such as cassava, capers, pine nut, and wheat, which makes ribose 1-phosphate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Ribose 1-phosphate can be found primarily in cellular cytoplasm. Ribose 1-phosphate exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, ribose 1-phosphate is involved in several metabolic pathways, some of which include pyrimidine metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, pentose phosphate pathway, and azathioprine action pathway. Ribose 1-phosphate is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include beta ureidopropionase deficiency, gout or kelley-seegmiller syndrome, transaldolase deficiency, and UMP synthase deficiency (orotic aciduria). Ribose 1-phosphate is an intermediate in the metabolism of Pyrimidine and the metabolism of Nicotinate and nicotinamide. It is a substrate for Uridine phosphorylase 2, Phosphoglucomutase, Purine nucleoside phosphorylase and Uridine phosphorylase 1. Ribose 1-phosphate can be formed from guanosine through the action of purine nucleoside phosphorylase. Ribose 1-phosphate can also act as a ribose donor in the synthesis of xanthosine as catalyzed by the same enzyme (purine nucleoside phosphorylase). The presence of guanase, which irreversibly converts guanine to xanthine, affects the overall process of guanosine transformation. As a result of this purine pathway, guanosine is converted into xanthosine, thus overcoming the lack of guanosine deaminase in mammals. The activated ribose moiety in Ribose 1-phosphate which stems from the catabolism of purine nucleosides can be transferred to uracil and, in the presence of ATP, used for the synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides; therefore, purine nucleosides can act as ribose donors for the salvage of pyrimidine bases. (PMID: 9133638). COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus KEIO_ID R017 Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Deoxyribose 5-phosphate
Deoxyribose 5-phosphate is a a metabolite in the pentose phosphate pathway. It can be generated from D-glyceraldehdye-3 phosphate via the enzyme 2-Deoxyribose 5-phosphate aldolase (DERA). Alternately Deoxyribose 5-phosphate can be converted to D-glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate that can then feed into the pentose phosphate pathway. Deoxyribose 5-phosphate can also be generated from 2-Deoxy-D-ribose via the enzyme Ribokinase (EC 2.7.1.15). It has been shown in a number of organisms that deoxynucleosides or deoxyriboses cause the induction of aldolases (such as DERA) involved in their catabolism, leading to the utilisation of the pentose moiety as carbon and energy source. [HMDB] Deoxyribose 5-phosphate is a a metabolite in the pentose phosphate pathway. It can be generated from D-glyceraldehdye-3 phosphate via the enzyme 2-Deoxyribose 5-phosphate aldolase (DERA). Alternately Deoxyribose 5-phosphate can be converted to D-glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate that can then feed into the pentose phosphate pathway. Deoxyribose 5-phosphate can also be generated from 2-Deoxy-D-ribose via the enzyme Ribokinase (EC 2.7.1.15). It has been shown in a number of organisms that deoxynucleosides or deoxyriboses cause the induction of aldolases (such as DERA) involved in their catabolism, leading to the utilisation of the pentose moiety as carbon and energy source. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. KEIO_ID D026
Glucose 6-phosphate
Glucose 6 phosphate (alpha-D-glucose 6 phosphate or G6P) is the alpha-anomer of glucose-6-phosphate. There are two anomers of glucose 6 phosphate, the alpha anomer and the beta anomer. Glucose 6 phosphate is an ester of glucose with phosphoric acid, made in the course of glucose metabolism by mammalian and other cells. It is a normal constituent of resting muscle and probably is in constant equilibrium with fructose-6-phosphate. (Stedman, 26th ed). Glucose-6-phosphate is a phosphorylated glucose molecule on carbon 6. When glucose enters a cell, it is immediately phosphorylated to G6P. This is catalyzed with hexokinase enzymes, thus consuming one ATP. A major reason for immediate phosphorylation of the glucose is so that it cannot diffuse out of the cell. The phosphorylation adds a charged group so the G6P cannot easily cross cell membranes. G6P can travel down two metabolic pathways, glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway. In addition to the metabolic pathways, G6P can also be stored as glycogen in the liver if blood glucose levels are high. If the body needs energy or carbon skeletons for syntheses, G6P can be isomerized to Fructose-6-phosphate and then phosphorylated to Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. Note, the molecule now has 2 phosphoryl groups attached. The addition of the 2nd phosphoryl group is an irreversible step, so once this happens G6P will enter glycolysis and be turned into pyruvate (ATP production occurs). If blood glucose levels are high, the body needs a way to store the excess glucose. After being converted to G6P, phosphoglucose mutase (isomerase) can turn the molecule into glucose-1-phosphate. Glucose-1-phosphate can then be combined with uridine triphosphate (UTP) to form UDP-glucose. This reaction is driven by the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate that is released in the reaction. Now, the activated UDP-glucose can add to a growing glycogen molecule with the help of glycogen synthase. This is a very efficient storage mechanism for glucose since it costs the body only 1 ATP to store the 1 glucose molecule and virtually no energy to remove it from storage. It is important to note that glucose-6-phosphate is an allosteric activator of glycogen synthase, which makes sense because when the level of glucose is high the body should store the excess glucose as glycogen. On the other hand, glycogen synthase is inhibited when it is phosphorylated by protein kinase a during times of high stress or low blood glucose levels. -- Wikipedia [HMDB] Glucose 6-phosphate (G6P, sometimes called the Robison ester) is a glucose sugar phosphorylated at the hydroxy group on carbon 6. Glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) has two anomers: the alpha anomer and the beta anomer. Glucose 6-phosphate is an ester of glucose with phosphoric acid, made in the course of glucose metabolism by mammalian and other cells. It is a normal constituent of resting muscle and probably is in constant equilibrium with fructose 6-phosphate (Stedman, 26th ed). When glucose enters a cell, it is immediately phosphorylated to G6P. This is catalyzed with hexokinase enzymes, thus consuming one ATP. A major reason for immediate phosphorylation of the glucose is so that it cannot diffuse out of the cell. The phosphorylation adds a charged group so the G6P cannot easily cross cell membranes. G6P can travel down two metabolic pathways: glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway. In addition to the metabolic pathways, G6P can also be stored as glycogen in the liver if blood glucose levels are high. If the body needs energy or carbon skeletons for syntheses, G6P can be isomerized to fructose 6-phosphate and then phosphorylated to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. Note, the molecule now has 2 phosphoryl groups attached. The addition of the 2nd phosphoryl group is an irreversible step, so once this happens G6P will enter glycolysis and be turned into pyruvate (ATP production occurs). If blood glucose levels are high, the body needs a way to store the excess glucose. After being converted to G6P, phosphoglucose mutase (an isomerase) can turn the molecule into glucose 1-phosphate. Glucose 1-phosphate can then be combined with uridine triphosphate (UTP) to form UDP-glucose. This reaction is driven by the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate that is released in the reaction. Now, the activated UDP-glucose can add to a growing glycogen molecule with the help of glycogen synthase. This is a very efficient storage mechanism for glucose since it costs the body only 1 ATP to store the 1 glucose molecule and virtually no energy to remove it from storage. It is important to note that glucose 6-phosphate is an allosteric activator of glycogen synthase, which makes sense because when the level of glucose is high the body should store the excess glucose as glycogen. On the other hand, glycogen synthase is inhibited when it is phosphorylated by protein kinase during times of high stress or low blood glucose levels. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 237 KEIO_ID G003; [MS2] KO009109 KEIO_ID G003
α-D-Glucose-1-phosphate
Glucose 1-phosphate (also called cori ester) is a glucose molecule with a phosphate group on the 1-carbon. It can exist in either the α- or β-anomeric form. Glucose 1-phosphate belongs to the class of organic compounds known as monosaccharide phosphates. These are monosaccharides comprising a phosphated group linked to the carbohydrate unit. Glucose 1-phosphate is the direct product of the reaction in which glycogen phosphorylase cleaves off a molecule of glucose from a greater glycogen structure. It cannot travel down many metabolic pathways and must be interconverted by the enzyme phosphoglucomutase in order to become glucose 6-phosphate. Free glucose 1-phosphate can also react with UTP to form UDP-glucose. It can then return to the greater glycogen structure via glycogen synthase. *Found widely in both plants and animals. A precursor of starch in plants and of glycogen in animals. [CCD] Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map KEIO_ID G020 Corona-virus KEIO_ID G115 Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018696 - Neuroprotective Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy D007155 - Immunologic Factors D020011 - Protective Agents KEIO_ID F008
Deoxyribose 1-phosphate
Deoxyribose 1-phosphate is an intermediate in the metabolism of Pyrimidine. It is a substrate for Purine nucleoside phosphorylase and Thymidine phosphorylase. [HMDB] Deoxyribose 1-phosphate is an intermediate in the metabolism of Pyrimidine. It is a substrate for Purine nucleoside phosphorylase and Thymidine phosphorylase. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map KEIO_ID D013 Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
β-D-Fructose 6-phosphate
Fructose 6-phosphate (F6P) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hexose phosphates. These are carbohydrate derivatives containing a hexose substituted by one or more phosphate groups. F6P is a derivative of fructose, which has been phosphorylated at the 6-hydroxy group. Fructose 6-phosphate is a fundamental metabolite and exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The great majority of glucose is converted to fructose 6-phosphate as part of the glycolytic metabolic pathway (glycolysis). Specifically, F6P is produce is produced by the isomerisation of glucose 6-phosphate via the enzyme phosphoglucose isomerase. F6P is in turn further phosphorylated to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate by the enzyme phosphofructokinase-1. Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvic acid. The free energy released in this process is used to form ATP and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). In addition to its key involvement in glycolysis, fructose 6-phosphate can also be biosynthesized from glucosamine 6-phosphate via the enzyme glucosamine-6-phosphate isomerase 1. In addition, fructose 6-phosphate and L-glutamine can be converted into glucosamine 6-phosphate and L-glutamic acid through the action of the enzyme glutamine--fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase. An important intermediate in the Carbohydrates pathway. The interconversion of glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate, the second step of the Embden-Meyerhof glycolytic pathway, is catalyzed by the enzyme phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI). In gluconeogenesis, fructose-6-phosphate is the immediate precursor of glucose-6-phosphate (wikipedia) [HMDB] Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. KEIO_ID F001
Fructose 1-phosphate
Fructose 1-phosphate, also known as D-fructose-1-p, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hexose phosphates. These are carbohydrate derivatives containing a hexose substituted by one or more phosphate groups. Metabolism of fructose thus essentially results in intermediates of glycolysis. The final product of glycolysis (pyruvate) may then undergo gluconeogenesis, enter the TCA cycle or be stored as fatty acids. Fructose 1-phosphate exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. Within humans, fructose 1-phosphate participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, fructose 1-phosphate can be biosynthesized from D-fructose through the action of the enzyme ketohexokinase. In addition, fructose 1-phosphate can be converted into dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde; which is catalyzed by the enzyme fructose-bisphosphate aldolase a. Because fructokinase has a high Vmax fructose entering cells is quickly phosphorylated to fructose 1-phosphate. In humans, fructose 1-phosphate is involved in fructose intolerance, hereditary. Hypoglycemia results from inhibition of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. It is generated mainly by hepatic fructokinase but is also generated in smaller amounts in the small intestinal mucosa and proximal epithelium of the renal tubule. Aldolase B converts it into glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP). Symptoms of hereditary fructose intolerance are apathy, drowsiness, sweatiness and tremulousness. Fructose 1-phosphate is an intermediate metabolite in the Fructose and mannose metabolism pathway. [HMDB] KEIO_ID F009
6-Phosphogluconic acid
6-phosphogluconic acid, also known as 6-phospho-D-gluconate or D-gluconic acid 6-(dihydrogen phosphate), is a member of the class of compounds known as monosaccharide phosphates. Monosaccharide phosphates are monosaccharides comprising a phosphated group linked to the carbohydrate unit. 6-phosphogluconic acid is soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). 6-phosphogluconic acid can be found in a number of food items such as purple mangosteen, nopal, chicory leaves, and common sage, which makes 6-phosphogluconic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 6-phosphogluconic acid can be found primarily in blood, cellular cytoplasm, and saliva, as well as throughout most human tissues. 6-phosphogluconic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, 6-phosphogluconic acid is involved in the pentose phosphate pathway. 6-phosphogluconic acid is also involved in few metabolic disorders, which include glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, ribose-5-phosphate isomerase deficiency, transaldolase deficiency, and warburg effect. 6-phosphogluconic acid is formed by 6-phosphogluconolactonase, and acted upon by phosphogluconate dehydrogenase to produce ribulose 5-phosphate. It may also be acted upon by 6-phosphogluconate dehydratase to produce 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate . 6-Phosphogluconic acid, also known as 6-phospho-D-gluconate or gluconic acid-6-phosphate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as monosaccharide phosphates. These are monosaccharides comprising a phosphated group linked to the carbohydrate unit. 6-Phosphogluconic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Within humans, 6-phosphogluconic acid participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, 6-phosphogluconic acid can be biosynthesized from gluconolactone; which is mediated by the enzyme 6-phosphogluconolactonase. In addition, 6-phosphogluconic acid can be converted into D-ribulose 5-phosphate through the action of the enzyme 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating. In humans, 6-phosphogluconic acid is involved in the metabolic disorder called the transaldolase deficiency pathway. Outside of the human body, 6-Phosphogluconic acid has been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as cascade huckleberries, common chokecherries, half-highbush blueberries, american cranberries, and okra. [Spectral] 6-Phospho-D-gluconate (exact mass = 276.02463) and Phosphoenolpyruvate (exact mass = 167.98237) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. KEIO_ID P031
Fucose 1-phosphate
Fucose 1-phosphate (CAS: 16562-58-6) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as monosaccharide phosphates. These are monosaccharides comprising a phosphate group linked to the carbohydrate unit. Fucose 1-phosphate is an intermediate in the reversible synthesis of GDP-L-fucose catalyzed by the enzyme guanosine triphosphate fucose pyrophosphorylase (GFPP, EC 2.7.7.30). The reversible reaction is magnesium-dependent, although the enzyme is partially active when cobalt or manganese is substituted. The reaction is unusual in that, of the four canonical nucleoside triphosphates, only guanosine can be utilized efficiently to form a nucleotide-sugar. Free cytosolic fucose is phosphorylated by L-fucokinase (EC 2.7.1.52) to form fucose-1-phosphate in the salvage pathway of GDP-L-fucose (PMID: 16185085, 14686921). Fucose-1-phosphate is an intermediate in the reversible synthesis of GDP-L-fucose, in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme guanosine triphosphate fucose pyrophosphorylase (GFPP, E.C. 2.7.7.30) . The reversible reaction is magnesium-dependent, although the enzyme is partially active when cobalt or manganese is substituted. The reaction is unusual in that, of the four canonical nucleoside triphosphates, only guanosine can be utilized efficiently to form a nucleotide-sugar. Free cytosolic fucose is phosphorylated by L-fucokinase (EC 2.7.1.52) to form fucose-1-phosphate in the salvage pathway of GDP-L-fucose. (PMID: 16185085, 14686921) [HMDB]
Sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphate
This compound belongs to the family of Monosaccharide Phosphates. These are monosaccharides comprising a phosphated group linked tot he carbohydrate unit.
Ribose 1,5-bisphosphate
Ribose 1,5-bisphosphate (Rib-1,5-P2), a newly discovered activator of phosphofructokinase. It forms rapidly during the initiation of glycolytic flux and disappears within 20 s/ Ribose 1,5-bisphosphate is a potent regulator of the fructose 6-phosphate/fructose 1,6-bisphosphate cycle in the liver. Ribose 1,5-bisphosphate is a substrate for Ribose 1,5-bisphosphate phosphokinase (EC 2.7.4.23), an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. ATP + ribose 1,5-bisphosphate <-> ADP + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate. Ribose 1,5-bisphosphate (Rib-1,5-P2), a newly discovered activator of phosphofructokinase. It forms rapidly during the initiation of glycolytic flux and disappears within 20 s/ Ribose 1,5-bisphosphate is a potent regulator of the fructose 6-phosphate/fructose 1,6-bisphosphate cycle in the liver. Ribose 1,5-bisphosphate is a substrate for Ribose 1,5-bisphosphate phosphokinase (EC 2.7.4.23), an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
6-Phosphonoglucono-D-lactone
6-phosphonoglucono-d-lactone, also known as D-glucono-1,5-lactone 6-phosphate or 6-pgdl, is a member of the class of compounds known as hexose phosphates. Hexose phosphates are carbohydrate derivatives containing a hexose substituted by one or more phosphate groups. 6-phosphonoglucono-d-lactone is soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). 6-phosphonoglucono-d-lactone can be found in a number of food items such as chicory leaves, pepper (c. chinense), opium poppy, and green bell pepper, which makes 6-phosphonoglucono-d-lactone a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 6-phosphonoglucono-d-lactone can be found primarily in cellular cytoplasm. 6-phosphonoglucono-d-lactone exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, 6-phosphonoglucono-d-lactone is involved in warburg effect, which is a metabolic disorder. 6-phosphoglucono-delta-lactone (d-6PGL) is the immediate product of the Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD), the first enzyme of the hexose monophosphate pathway. (PMID 3711719). The pentose-phosphate pathway provides reductive power and nucleotide precursors to the cell through oxidative and nonoxidative branches. 6-Phosphogluconolactonase is the second enzyme of the oxidative branch and catalyzes the hydrolysis of 6-phosphogluconolactones, the products of glucose 6-phosphate oxidation by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. By efficiently catalyzing the hydrolysis of d-6PGL, 6-phosphogluconolactonase prevents the reaction between d-6PGL and intracellular nucleophiles; such a reaction would interrupt the functioning of the pentose-phosphate pathway. (PMID 11457850).
2-(alpha-D-Galactosyl)-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
Sedoheptulose 1-phosphate
This compound belongs to the family of Monosaccharide Phosphates. These are monosaccharides comprising a phosphated group linked tot he carbohydrate unit.
1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate
1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate is a substrate for 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase (mitochondrial). [HMDB]. 1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate is found in many foods, some of which are jackfruit, dandelion, italian sweet red pepper, and summer grape. 1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate is a substrate for 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase (mitochondrial). It has been found to be a metabolite of Escherichia and Streptomyces (PMID: 10648511; PMID: 9371765).
Galactose 1-phosphate
Galactose 1-phosphate, also known as D-Galactose-1-phosphate or alpha-D-gal-1-P, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as monosaccharide phosphates. These are monosaccharides comprising a phosphate group linked to the carbohydrate unit. Galactose-1-phosphate is an intermediate in the interconversion of glucose and uridine diphosphate galactose. Galactose 1-phosphate exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. Within humans, galactose 1-phosphate participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, uridine diphosphate glucose and galactose 1-phosphate can be biosynthesized from uridine diphosphategalactose and glucose 1-phosphate; which is mediated by the enzyme galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (GALT). In addition, galactose 1-phosphate can be biosynthesized from D-galactose through the action of the enzyme galactokinase. The improper metabolism of galactose-1-phosphate is a characteristic of a condition known as galactosemia (PMID: 7671964). Type I galactosemia is a genetic disorder that is caused by the impairment of galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.12). Evidence suggests that misfolding of the galactose 1-phosphate uridylyltransferase enzyme is the underlying cause of type I galactosemia (PMID: 23583749). Outside of the human body, galactose 1-phosphate has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as gooseberries, anises, turmerics, caraway, and cumins. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Occurs in liver, milk, and yeasts Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST.
D-Xylulose-5-phosphate
Xylulose 5-phosphate (Xu-5-P) is a metabolite of the hexose monophosphate pathway that activates protein phosphatase 2A to mediate the acute effects of carbohydrate feeding on the glycolytic pathway, as well as the coordinate long-term control of the enzymes required for fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis. Xu-5-P is the signal for the coordinated control of lipogenesis. Feeding carbohydrate causes levels of liver glucose, Glucose-6-phosphate (Glc-6-P), and Fructose-6-phosphate (Fru-6-P) to rise. Elevation of Fru-6-P leads to elevation of Xu-5-P in reactions catalyzed by the near-equilibrium isomerases of the nonoxidative portion of the hexose monophosphate pathway (ribulose 5-phosphate (Ru5P) epimerase [EC 5.1.3.1], ribose 5-phosphate (Rib5P) isomerase [EC 5.3.1.6], transaldolase [EC 2.2.1.2], and transketolase [EC 2.2.1.1]). The elevation of Xu-5-P is the coordinating signal that both acutely activates phosphofructokinase [PFK; EC 2.7.1.11] in glycolysis and promotes the action of the transcription factor carbohydrate responsive element binding protein (ChREBP) to increase transcription of the genes for the enzymes of lipogenesis, the hexose monophosphate shunt, and glycolysis, all of which are required for the de novo synthesis of fat. (PMID 12721358). D-Xylulose 5-phosphate. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=4212-65-1 (retrieved 2024-07-16) (CAS RN: 4212-65-1). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is fructose sugar or fructosephosphate that has been phosphorylated on carbons 1 and 6. The beta-D-form of this compound is very common in cells. The vast majority of glucose and fructose entering a cell is converted to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate at some point. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is a key component in the glycolysis metabolic pathway and is produced by phosphorylation of fructose 6-phosphate The enzyme phosphofructokinase uses ATP to transfer a phosphate group to fructose 6-phosphate to form fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate fructose. The enzyme aldolase splits fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into two sugars that are isomers of each other. These two sugars are dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde phosphate. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is an allosteric activator of pyruvate kinase. The hydrolysis of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is catalized by Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (fru-1,6-P2ase, EC 3.1.3.11) to fructose 6-phosphate and inorganic phosphate and provides a mechanism to permit the reversal of the glycolysis reaction (catalyzed by 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase).(OMIM) [HMDB]. D-Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is found in many foods, some of which are garden cress, cascade huckleberry, wild celery, and devilfish. D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018696 - Neuroprotective Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy D007155 - Immunologic Factors D020011 - Protective Agents
Mannose 6-phosphate
Mannose 6-phosphate, also known as alpha-D-mannose-6-p or man-6-p, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hexose phosphates. These are carbohydrate derivatives containing a hexose substituted by one or more phosphate groups. Mannose 6-phosphate exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Within humans, mannose 6-phosphate participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, mannose 6-phosphate can be converted into fructose 6-phosphate through its interaction with the enzyme mannose-6-phosphate isomerase. In addition, mannose 6-phosphate can be biosynthesized from D-mannose through the action of the enzyme hexokinase-1. Mannose 6-phosphate is a potent competitive inhibitor of pinocytosis of human platelet beta-glucuronidase and it is a necessary component of the recognition marker on the enzyme for pinocytosis by human fibroblasts as well (PMID 908752). In humans, mannose 6-phosphate is involved in fructose intolerance, hereditary. Mannose-6-phosphate is a potent competitive inhibitor of pinocytosis of human platelet beta-glucuronidase and it is a necessary component of the recognition marker on the enzyme for pinocytosis by human fibroblasts as well (PMID 908752). [HMDB] Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. KEIO_ID M008
Galactose 1-phosphate
A D-galactopyranose 1-phosphate having alpha-configuration at the anomeric centre. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS α-d-galactose 1-phosphate, also known as alpha-D-galactopyranosyl phosphate or A-D-galactopyranose 1-phosphoric acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as monosaccharide phosphates. Monosaccharide phosphates are monosaccharides comprising a phosphated group linked to the carbohydrate unit. α-d-galactose 1-phosphate is soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). α-d-galactose 1-phosphate can be found in a number of food items such as kai-lan, cinnamon, macadamia nut (m. tetraphylla), and durian, which makes α-d-galactose 1-phosphate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. α-d-galactose 1-phosphate can be found primarily in blood, as well as in human erythrocyte and red blood cell tissues. α-d-galactose 1-phosphate exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, α-d-galactose 1-phosphate is involved in few metabolic pathways, which include galactose metabolism, lactose synthesis, and nucleotide sugars metabolism. α-d-galactose 1-phosphate is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include GLUT-1 deficiency syndrome, congenital disorder of glycosylation cdg-iid, galactosemia III, and galactosemia.
Glucose 1-phosphate
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Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate
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Octulose 8-phosphate
A ketooctose derivative that is D-glycero-D-altro-octulose carrying a single phosphate substituent at position 8.
Sedoheptulose 7-phosphate
A ketoheptose phosphate consisting of sedoheptulose having a phosphate group at the 7-position. It is an intermediate metabolite in the pentose phosphate pathway.
1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate
The 5-phospho derivative of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose.
2-Deoxy-D-glucose 6-phosphate
A deoxyaldohexose phosphate comprising 2-deoxy-D-glucose having the phosphate group at the 6-position.
