Betulafolienetriol (BioDeep_00000000017)

Main id: BioDeep_00000230281

 

human metabolite PANOMIX_OTCML-2023 Endogenous


代谢物信息卡片


(3S,5R,8R,9R,10R,12R,13R,14R,17S)-17-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,12-diol

化学式: C30H52O3 (460.3916)
中文名称: 20 (S)-原人参二醇, S-原人参二醇, 原人参二醇
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 Homo sapiens(feces) 6.2%

分子结构信息

SMILES: CC(=CCCC(C)(C1CCC2(C1C(CC3C2(CCC4C3(CCC(C4(C)C)O)C)C)O)C)O)C
InChI: InChI=1S/C30H52O3/c1-19(2)10-9-14-30(8,33)20-11-16-29(7)25(20)21(31)18-23-27(5)15-13-24(32)26(3,4)22(27)12-17-28(23,29)6/h10,20-25,31-33H,9,11-18H2,1-8H3

描述信息

Protopanaxadiol is found in tea. Sapogenin of Ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2 and Re from Panax ginseng (ginseng) Protopanaxadiol (PPD) is an organic coumpound characterizing a group of ginsenosides. It is a dammarane-type tetracyclic terpene sapogenin found in ginseng (Panax ginseng) and in notoginseng (Panax pseudoginseng)
(20S)-protopanaxadiol is a diastereomer of protopanaxadiol in which the 20-hydroxy substituent has been introduced at the pro-S position.
(20S)-Protopanaxadiol is a natural product found in Gynostemma pentaphyllum, Panax ginseng, and Aralia elata with data available.
20S-protopanaxadiol (aPPD) is a metabolite of ginseng saponins, inhibits Akt activity and induces apoptosis in various tumor cells[1].
20S-protopanaxadiol (aPPD) is a metabolite of ginseng saponins, inhibits Akt activity and induces apoptosis in various tumor cells[1].

同义名列表

32 个代谢物同义名

(3S,5R,8R,9R,10R,12R,13R,14R,17S)-17-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,12-diol; (3S,8R,10R,12R,14R)-17-((S)-1-Hydroxy-1,5-dimethyl-hex-4-enyl)-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-hexadecahydro-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,12-diol; 14-(2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-2,6,6,10,11-pentamethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁵]heptadecane-5,16-diol; dammar-24-ene-3beta, 6alpha, 12beta, 20-tetrol, (20s)-; DAMMAR-24-ENE-3,12,20-TRIOL, (3.BETA.,12.BETA.)-; (20S)-protopanaxadiol-type ginsenoside aglycone; (3.BETA.,12.BETA.)-DAMMAR-24-ENE-3,12,20-TRIOL; Dammar-24-ene-3,12,20-triol, (3beta,12beta)-; (3alpha,12beta)-Dammar-24-ene-3,12,20-triol; (3beta,12beta)-dammar-24-ene-3,12,20-triol; DAMMAR-24-ENE-3.BETA.,12.BETA.,20-TRIOL; protopanaxadiol, (3beta,12beta)-isomer; dammar-24-ene-3beta,12beta,20S-triol; Protopanaxadiol, analytical standard; dammar-24-ene-3beta,12beta,20-triol; 24-dammarene-3beta,12beta,20S-triol; (20S)-Protopanaxadiol [INCI]; PYXFVCFISTUSOO-HKUCOEKDSA-N; Betulafolientriol, 3-epimer; 3-Epibetulafolientriol; 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol; (20S)-Protopanaxadiol; 20-Epiprotopanaxadiol; (20S)-Protopanaxdiol; Betulafolienetriol; Betulafolientriol; UNII-MR8AEF5T1N; protopanaxadiol; Protopanasadiol; Armillarizin; MR8AEF5T1N; 20(S)-APPD



数据库引用编号

22 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(1)

PlantCyc(1)

代谢反应

3 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(1)

  • ginsenosides biosynthesis: β-amyrin + O2 + a reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] ⟶ H+ + H2O + an oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + oleanolate

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(2)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

53 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。

亚细胞结构定位 关联基因列表
Cytoplasm 15 ABCB1, AKT1, ANXA5, AR, BCL2, CASP3, CASP9, MAPK14, MAPK8, MTOR, NR3C1, PIK3CA, PRKAA2, RB1, STMN4
Peripheral membrane protein 3 ANXA5, CYP1B1, MTOR
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane 3 BCL2, CYP1B1, MTOR
Nucleus 12 AKT1, AR, BCL2, CASP3, CASP9, MAPK14, MAPK8, MTOR, NR3C1, PRKAA2, RB1, RBL2
cytosol 14 AKT1, ANXA5, AR, BCL2, CASP3, CASP9, MAPK14, MAPK8, MTOR, NR3C1, PIK3CA, PRKAA2, RB1, RBL2
dendrite 2 MTOR, PRKAA2
phagocytic vesicle 1 MTOR
centrosome 1 NR3C1
nucleoplasm 10 AKT1, AR, CASP3, MAPK14, MAPK8, MTOR, NR3C1, PRKAA2, RB1, RBL2
Cell membrane 3 ABCB1, AKT1, TNF
Cytoplasmic side 1 MTOR
lamellipodium 2 AKT1, PIK3CA
Cell projection, axon 1 STMN4
Cell projection, growth cone 1 STMN4
Multi-pass membrane protein 1 ABCB1
Golgi apparatus membrane 1 MTOR
Synapse 2 MAPK8, NR3C1
cell cortex 1 AKT1
cell surface 2 ABCB1, TNF
glutamatergic synapse 3 AKT1, CASP3, MAPK14
Golgi apparatus 2 PRKAA2, STMN4
Golgi membrane 2 INS, MTOR
growth cone 1 STMN4
lysosomal membrane 1 MTOR
neuronal cell body 3 CASP3, PRKAA2, TNF
postsynapse 1 AKT1
sarcolemma 1 ANXA5
Lysosome 1 MTOR
plasma membrane 5 ABCB1, AKT1, AR, PIK3CA, TNF
Membrane 9 ABCB1, AKT1, ANXA5, AR, BCL2, CYP1B1, MTOR, NR3C1, PRKAA2
apical plasma membrane 1 ABCB1
axon 2 MAPK8, PRKAA2
extracellular exosome 3 ABCB1, ANXA5, RBL2
Lysosome membrane 1 MTOR
endoplasmic reticulum 1 BCL2
extracellular space 3 IL6, INS, TNF
perinuclear region of cytoplasm 1 PIK3CA
intercalated disc 1 PIK3CA
mitochondrion 5 BCL2, CASP9, CYP1B1, MAPK14, NR3C1
protein-containing complex 5 AKT1, AR, BCL2, CASP9, NR3C1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle 1 CYP1B1
Microsome membrane 2 CYP1B1, MTOR
postsynaptic density 1 CASP3
TORC1 complex 1 MTOR
TORC2 complex 1 MTOR
Secreted 2 IL6, INS
extracellular region 5 ANXA5, IL6, INS, MAPK14, TNF
Mitochondrion outer membrane 2 BCL2, MTOR
Single-pass membrane protein 1 BCL2
mitochondrial outer membrane 2 BCL2, MTOR
mitochondrial matrix 1 NR3C1
transcription regulator complex 1 RBL2
Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome 1 NR3C1
Nucleus membrane 1 BCL2
Bcl-2 family protein complex 1 BCL2
nuclear membrane 1 BCL2
external side of plasma membrane 2 ANXA5, TNF
microtubule cytoskeleton 1 AKT1
nucleolus 1 RBL2
cell-cell junction 1 AKT1
recycling endosome 1 TNF
Single-pass type II membrane protein 1 TNF
vesicle 1 AKT1
Apical cell membrane 1 ABCB1
Membrane raft 1 TNF
pore complex 1 BCL2
Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle 1 NR3C1
focal adhesion 1 ANXA5
spindle 3 AKT1, NR3C1, RB1
Nucleus, PML body 1 MTOR
PML body 2 MTOR, RB1
Mitochondrion intermembrane space 1 AKT1
mitochondrial intermembrane space 1 AKT1
collagen-containing extracellular matrix 1 ANXA5
nuclear speck 4 AR, MAPK14, NR3C1, PRKAA2
Zymogen granule membrane 1 ANXA5
neuron projection 1 STMN4
ciliary basal body 1 AKT1
chromatin 4 AR, NR3C1, RB1, RBL2
phagocytic cup 1 TNF
Chromosome 2 NR3C1, RBL2
spindle pole 1 MAPK14
nuclear envelope 1 MTOR
Endomembrane system 1 MTOR
endosome lumen 1 INS
Nucleus, nucleoplasm 1 NR3C1
cytoplasmic stress granule 1 PRKAA2
myelin sheath 1 BCL2
ficolin-1-rich granule lumen 1 MAPK14
secretory granule lumen 2 INS, MAPK14
Golgi lumen 1 INS
endoplasmic reticulum lumen 2 IL6, INS
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex 1 PIK3CA
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class IA 1 PIK3CA
transport vesicle 1 INS
Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane 1 INS
SWI/SNF complex 1 RB1
apoptosome 1 CASP9
vesicle membrane 1 ANXA5
external side of apical plasma membrane 1 ABCB1
basal dendrite 1 MAPK8
death-inducing signaling complex 1 CASP3
nucleotide-activated protein kinase complex 1 PRKAA2
Cytoplasmic vesicle, phagosome 1 MTOR
[Isoform Alpha]: Cytoplasm 1 NR3C1
[Tumor necrosis factor, soluble form]: Secreted 1 TNF
[Isoform Beta]: Nucleus 1 NR3C1
[Isoform Alpha-B]: Nucleus 1 NR3C1
interleukin-6 receptor complex 1 IL6
chromatin lock complex 1 RB1
Rb-E2F complex 1 RB1
endothelial microparticle 1 ANXA5
BAD-BCL-2 complex 1 BCL2
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class IB 1 PIK3CA
caspase complex 1 CASP9
[C-domain 2]: Secreted 1 TNF
[Tumor necrosis factor, membrane form]: Membrane 1 TNF
[C-domain 1]: Secreted 1 TNF


文献列表

  • Yang Ruan, Guoqing Ren, Mingchun Wang, Weichao Lv, Kuniyoshi Shimizu, Chaofeng Zhang. The dual role of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol in alleviating pulmonary fibrosis through the gut-lung axis. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology. 2024 Jul; 129(?):155699. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155699. [PMID: 38733907]
  • Zhu Zhu, Yao Cheng, Xu Han, Tiantian Wang, Hantao Zhang, Qi Yao, Feiyan Chen, Ling Gu, Dongqing Yang, Lin Chen, Yunan Zhao. 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol Exerts Antidepressive Effects in Chronic Corticosterone-Induced Rodent Animal Models as an Activator of Brain-Type Creatine Kinase. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2024 May; 72(18):10376-10390. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00415. [PMID: 38661058]
  • Kang-Xi Zhang, Yue Zhu, Shu-Xia Song, Qing-Yun Bu, Xiao-Yan You, Hong Zou, Guo-Ping Zhao. Ginsenoside Rb1, Compound K and 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol Attenuate High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia in Rats via Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Bile Acid Metabolism. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2024 Mar; 29(5):. doi: 10.3390/molecules29051108. [PMID: 38474620]
  • Yanyan Li, Ke Yang, Linxian Zhao, Chunyi Xu, Weiling Zhou, Zhanguo Wang, Huiling Hu, Yu You. Effects of schisandra lignans on the absorption of protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides mediated by P-glycoprotein and protopanaxatriol-type ginsenosides mediated by CYP3A4. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2023 Aug; 318(Pt B):117057. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117057. [PMID: 37597677]
  • Likang Lu, Hui Ao, Jingxin Fu, Manzhen Li, Yaoyao Guo, Yifei Guo, Meihua Han, Rongxing Shi, Xiangtao Wang. Ginsenoside Rb1 stabilized and paclitaxel / protopanaxadiol co-loaded nanoparticles for synergistic treatment of breast tumor. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie. 2023 Jul; 163(?):114870. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114870. [PMID: 37187019]
  • Shangkun Qiu, Lars M Blank. Recent Advances in Yeast Recombinant Biosynthesis of the Triterpenoid Protopanaxadiol and Glycosylated Derivatives Thereof. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2023 Feb; 71(5):2197-2210. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06888. [PMID: 36696911]
  • Yiping Li, Yang Liu, Zhiwei Chen, Kaiyue Tang, Lili Yang, Yuwei Jiang, Jue Wang, Ping Huang, Jianyi Wang, Peiyong Zheng, Haiyan Song. Protopanaxadiol ameliorates NAFLD by regulating hepatocyte lipid metabolism through AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie. 2023 Jan; 160(?):114319. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114319. [PMID: 36724639]
  • Hong-Ping Wang, Zi-Jian Wang, Jing Du, Zhao-Zhou Lin, Chen Zhao, Run Zhang, Qiong Yin, Chun-Lan Fan, Ping Peng, Zhi-Bin Wang. Comprehensive Identification of Ginsenosides in the Roots and Rhizomes of Panax ginseng Based on Their Molecular Features-Oriented Precursor Ions Selection and Targeted MS/MS Analysis. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2023 Jan; 28(3):. doi: 10.3390/molecules28030941. [PMID: 36770610]
  • Yuan Zhu, Jianxiu Li, Longyun Peng, Lijun Meng, Mengxue Diao, Shuiyuan Jiang, Jianbin Li, Nengzhong Xie. High-yield production of protopanaxadiol from sugarcane molasses by metabolically engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microbial cell factories. 2022 Nov; 21(1):230. doi: 10.1186/s12934-022-01949-4. [PMID: 36335407]
  • Chaiwat Monmai, Jin-Suk Kim, So-Hyeon Baek. Transgenic Rice Seed Extracts Exert Immunomodulatory Effects by Modulating Immune-Related Biomarkers in RAW264.7 Macrophage Cells. Nutrients. 2022 Oct; 14(19):. doi: 10.3390/nu14194143. [PMID: 36235795]
  • Ye-Wei Huang, Meng Zhang, Li-Tian Wang, Yan Nie, Jin-Bo Yang, Wen-Luer Meng, Xuan-Jun Wang, Jun Sheng. 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol decreases atherosclerosis in ApoE KO mice by increasing the levels of LDLR and inhibiting its binding with PCSK9. Food & function. 2022 Jul; 13(13):7020-7028. doi: 10.1039/d2fo00392a. [PMID: 35723202]
  • He Zhang, Yuyao Zhang, Xiaolei Tang, Wenjie Su, Chunhui Yang, Daian Pan, Daqing Zhao, Bin Qi, Xiangyan Li. Hemostatic Effect of 20(S)-Panaxadiol by Induced Platelet Aggregation Depending on Calcium Signaling Pathway. BioMed research international. 2022; 2022(?):8265898. doi: 10.1155/2022/8265898. [PMID: 36177062]
  • Su-Nyeong Jang, So-Young Park, Hyunyoung Lee, Hyojin Jeong, Ji-Hyeon Jeon, Im-Sook Song, Mi Jeong Kwon, Kwang-Hyeon Liu. In vitro modulatory effects of ginsenoside compound K, 20(S)-protopanaxadiol and 20(S)-protopanaxatriol on uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase activity and expression. Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems. 2021 Oct; 51(10):1087-1094. doi: 10.1080/00498254.2021.1963503. [PMID: 34338601]
  • Se-A Kim, Eun-Bi Jeong, Deok-Kun Oh. Complete Bioconversion of Protopanaxadiol-Type Ginsenosides to Compound K by Extracellular Enzymes from the Isolated Strain Aspergillus tubingensis. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2021 Jan; 69(1):315-324. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07424. [PMID: 33372793]
  • Zhen-Zhen Lai, Hui-Li Yang, Jia-Wei Shi, Hui-Hui Shen, Yan Wang, Kai-Kai Chang, Tao Zhang, Jiang-Feng Ye, Jian-Song Sun, Xue-Min Qiu, Ming-Qing Li. Protopanaxadiol improves endometriosis associated infertility and miscarriage in sex hormones receptors-dependent and independent manners. International journal of biological sciences. 2021; 17(8):1878-1894. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.58657. [PMID: 34131393]
  • Eun-Bi Jeong, Se-A Kim, Kyung-Chul Shin, Deok-Kun Oh. Biotransformation of Protopanaxadiol-Type Ginsenosides in Korean Ginseng Extract into Food-Available Compound K by an Extracellular Enzyme from Aspergillus niger. Journal of microbiology and biotechnology. 2020 Oct; 30(10):1560-1567. doi: 10.4014/jmb.2007.07003. [PMID: 32807754]
  • Jingya Ruan, Fan Sun, Ying Zhang, Dandan Zheng, Guilin Xiang, Wei Zhao, Yi Zhang, Tao Wang. New 20(S)-protopanaxadiol type saponins from the leaves of Panax notoginseng and their potential anti-inflammatory activities. Steroids. 2020 10; 162(?):108696. doi: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108696. [PMID: 32649999]
  • Dan Zhang, Wei Li, Zhong-Jian Chen, Fu-Gang Wei, Yun-Long Liu, Li-Zhi Gao. SMRT- and Illumina-based RNA-seq analyses unveil the ginsinoside biosynthesis and transcriptomic complexity in Panax notoginseng. Scientific reports. 2020 09; 10(1):15310. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-72291-1. [PMID: 32943706]
  • Yao Cheng, Ruimei Li, Zixuan Lin, Feiyan Chen, Jianguo Dai, Zhu Zhu, Lin Chen, Yunan Zhao. Structure-activity relationship analysis of dammarane-type natural products as muscle-type creatine kinase activators. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters. 2020 09; 30(17):127364. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127364. [PMID: 32738969]
  • Di Sun, Shi-Yan Guo, Li Yang, Ya-Ru Wang, Xiao-Hui Wei, Sha Song, Yi-Wei Yang, Yong Gan, Zheng-Tao Wang. Silicone elastomer gel impregnated with 20(S)-protopanaxadiol-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for ordered diabetic ulcer recovery. Acta pharmacologica Sinica. 2020 Jan; 41(1):119-128. doi: 10.1038/s41401-019-0288-7. [PMID: 31534201]
  • Ning Jiang, Jing-Wei Lv, Hai-Xia Wang, Qiong Wang, Cong Lu, Yu-Jie Yang, Hong Huang, Tian-Ji Xia, Guang-Hua Lv, Xin-Min Liu. Antidepressant-like effects of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol in a mouse model of chronic social defeat stress and the related mechanisms. Phytotherapy research : PTR. 2019 Oct; 33(10):2726-2736. doi: 10.1002/ptr.6446. [PMID: 31353678]
  • Jung Yeon Han, So-Hyeon Baek, Hye Jeong Jo, Do Won Yun, Yong Eui Choi. Genetically modified rice produces ginsenoside aglycone (protopanaxadiol). Planta. 2019 Oct; 250(4):1103-1110. doi: 10.1007/s00425-019-03204-4. [PMID: 31168665]
  • Hui Zhang, Hongbing Liu, Pan Qi, Silin Wang, Haibin Hu, Jingxin Gou, Yu Zhang, Haibing He, Xing Tang, Tian Yin, Yue Yuan. Enhanced the Bioavailability of Sterile 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol Nanocrystalline Suspension Coated by Bovine Serum Albumin for Intramuscular Injection: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2019 Sep; 20(7):305. doi: 10.1208/s12249-019-1498-5. [PMID: 31506831]
  • Tiehua Zhang, Yuan Liang, Peng Zuo, Mi Yan, Siyuan Jing, Tiezhu Li, Yongjun Wang, Jie Zhang, Zhengyi Wei. Identification of 20(R, S)-protopanaxadiol and 20(R, S)-protopanaxatriol for potential selective modulation of glucocorticoid receptor. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association. 2019 Sep; 131(?):110642. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110642. [PMID: 31247261]
  • Chang-Hao Cui, Byeong-Min Jeon, Yaoyao Fu, Wan-Taek Im, Sun-Chang Kim. High-density immobilization of a ginsenoside-transforming β-glucosidase for enhanced food-grade production of minor ginsenosides. Applied microbiology and biotechnology. 2019 Sep; 103(17):7003-7015. doi: 10.1007/s00253-019-09951-4. [PMID: 31289903]
  • Liying Zhang, Congcong Xu, Jingjing Mao, Weiwei Wang, Han Han, Yiqiong Pu, Tong Zhang. Formulation and Characterization of Novel Dry Suspension and Dry Emulsion of 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2019 Aug; 20(7):275. doi: 10.1208/s12249-019-1487-8. [PMID: 31388863]
  • Chuhe Liu, Hongli Li, Zhenyu Zhou, Junxiao Li, Hui Chen, Yalei Liu, Cheng Huang, Shengjie Fan. Protopanaxadiol alleviates obesity in high-fat diet-fed mice via activation of energy-sensing neuron in the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 2019 06; 513(4):1092-1099. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.031. [PMID: 31010683]
  • Zhihua Wang, Unchol Kim, Yanting Jiao, Chaowen Li, Yingying Guo, Xiaoyao Ma, Min Jiang, Zhihong Jiang, Yuanyuan Hou, Gang Bai. Quantitative Proteomics Combined with Affinity MS Revealed the Molecular Mechanism of Ginsenoside Antitumor Effects. Journal of proteome research. 2019 05; 18(5):2100-2108. doi: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00972. [PMID: 30860844]
  • Jian Li, Lan Ma, Shuting Zhang, Cailian Zuo, Na Song, Shusheng Zhu, Jinsong Wu. Transcriptome analysis of 1- and 3-year-old Panax notoginseng roots and functional characterization of saponin biosynthetic genes DS and CYP716A47-like. Planta. 2019 Apr; 249(4):1229-1237. doi: 10.1007/s00425-018-03083-1. [PMID: 30607503]
  • Xue Wang, Hua-Ying Xia, Hong-You Qin, Xiang-Ping Kang, Hai-Yan Hu, Jing Zheng, Jia-Ye Jiang, Ling-Ai Yao, Yan-Wu Xu, Tong Zhang, Xue-Li Zhang. 20(S)-protopanaxadiol induces apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells by activating the PERK-eIF2alpha-ATF4 signaling pathway. Journal of cellular biochemistry. 2019 04; 120(4):5085-5096. doi: 10.1002/jcb.27785. [PMID: 30259568]
  • Mohamed Ben-Eltriki, Mohamed Hassona, Gray Meckling, Hans Adomat, Subrata Deb, Emma S Tomlinson Guns. Pharmacokinetic interaction of calcitriol with 20(S)-protopanaxadiol in mice: Determined by LC/MS analysis. European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2019 Mar; 130(?):173-180. doi: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.01.016. [PMID: 30654110]
  • Li Yang, Chun-Yang Wang, Xiao-Nv Xie, Yi-Cheng Wang, Jing-Bo Peng, Wei-Hua Huang, Yao Chen, Dong-Sheng Ouyang, Zhi-Rong Tan. LC-MS/MS determination of ginsenoside compound K and its metabolite 20 (S)-protopanaxadiol in human plasma and urine: applications in a clinical study. Bioanalysis. 2019 Mar; 11(5):365-380. doi: 10.4155/bio-2018-0185. [PMID: 30873858]
  • Hong Ri Jin, Charles H Du, Chong-Zhi Wang, Chun-Su Yuan, Wei Du. Ginseng metabolite protopanaxadiol interferes with lipid metabolism and induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and p53 activation to promote cancer cell death. Phytotherapy research : PTR. 2019 Mar; 33(3):610-617. doi: 10.1002/ptr.6249. [PMID: 30537241]
  • Jianqiang Zhang, Qian Zhang, Yangrong Xu, Huixiang Li, Fenglan Zhao, Chaoming Wang, Zhi Liu, Pan Liu, Yanan Liu, Qingguo Meng, Feng Zhao. Synthesis and In Vitro Anti-inflammatory Activity of C20 Epimeric Ocotillol-Type Triterpenes and Protopanaxadiol. Planta medica. 2019 Mar; 85(4):292-301. doi: 10.1055/a-0770-0994. [PMID: 30380571]
  • Min-Hwan Kim, Ki-Taek Kim, Seo-Yeon Sohn, Jae-Young Lee, Chang Hyung Lee, Hee Yang, Bo Kyung Lee, Ki Won Lee, Dae-Duk Kim. Formulation And Evaluation Of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) Of 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol (PPD) By Box-Behnken Design. International journal of nanomedicine. 2019; 14(?):8509-8520. doi: 10.2147/ijn.s215835. [PMID: 31749618]
  • Kyo Bin Kang, Murukarthick Jayakodi, Yun Sun Lee, Van Binh Nguyen, Hyun-Seung Park, Hyun Jo Koo, Ik Young Choi, Dae Hyun Kim, You Jin Chung, Byeol Ryu, Dong Young Lee, Sang Hyun Sung, Tae-Jin Yang. Identification of candidate UDP-glycosyltransferases involved in protopanaxadiol-type ginsenoside biosynthesis in Panax ginseng. Scientific reports. 2018 08; 8(1):11744. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-30262-7. [PMID: 30082711]
  • Jin-Qi Li, Jia-Feng Wang, Jie Li, Shu-Han Zhang, Dan He, Rong-Sheng Tong, Shu-Ya She. Simultaneous determination of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol and its three metabolites in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS: application to their pharmacokinetic studies. Biomedical chromatography : BMC. 2018 Aug; 32(8):e4252. doi: 10.1002/bmc.4252. [PMID: 29607527]
  • Guangfei Wei, Fugang Wei, Can Yuan, Zhongjian Chen, Yong Wang, Jiang Xu, Yongqing Zhang, Linlin Dong, Shilin Chen. Integrated Chemical and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Distribution of Protopanaxadiol- and Protopanaxatriol-Type Saponins in Panax notoginseng. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2018 Jul; 23(7):. doi: 10.3390/molecules23071773. [PMID: 30029488]
  • Kyung-Chul Shin, Tae-Hun Kim, Ji-Hyeon Choi, Deok-Kun Oh. Complete Biotransformation of Protopanaxadiol-Type Ginsenosides to 20- O-β-Glucopyranosyl-20( S)-protopanaxadiol Using a Novel and Thermostable β-Glucosidase. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2018 Mar; 66(11):2822-2829. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b06108. [PMID: 29468877]
  • Cong Lu, Jingwei Lv, Liming Dong, Ning Jiang, Yan Wang, Bei Fan, Fengzhong Wang, Xinmin Liu. The protective effect of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD) against chronic sleep deprivation (CSD)-induced memory impairments in mice. Brain research bulletin. 2018 03; 137(?):249-256. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.12.012. [PMID: 29287793]
  • Lin Dai, Weiyan Zhu, Chuanling Si, Jiandu Lei. 'Nano-Ginseng' for Enhanced Cytotoxicity AGAINST Cancer Cells. International journal of molecular sciences. 2018 Feb; 19(2):. doi: 10.3390/ijms19020627. [PMID: 29473838]
  • Xiu-Wei Yang, Li-Yuan Ma, Qi-Le Zhou, Wei Xu, You-Bo Zhang. SIRT1 activator isolated from artificial gastric juice incubate of total saponins in stems and leaves of Panax ginseng. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters. 2018 02; 28(3):240-243. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.12.067. [PMID: 29317167]
  • Cong Lu, Liming Dong, Jingwei Lv, Yan Wang, Bei Fan, Fengzhong Wang, Xinmin Liu. 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD) alleviates scopolamine-induced memory impairment via regulation of cholinergic and antioxidant systems, and expression of Egr-1, c-Fos and c-Jun in mice. Chemico-biological interactions. 2018 Jan; 279(?):64-72. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.11.008. [PMID: 29133030]
  • Er-Yun Zhang, Bo Gao, Hai-Lian Shi, Ling-Fang Huang, Li Yang, Xiao-Jun Wu, Zheng-Tao Wang. 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol enhances angiogenesis via HIF-1α-mediated VEGF secretion by activating p70S6 kinase and benefits wound healing in genetically diabetic mice. Experimental & molecular medicine. 2017 10; 49(10):e387. doi: 10.1038/emm.2017.151. [PMID: 29075038]
  • Jin Ling, Yingjia Yu, Jianan Feng, Changjiang Xu, Jiebing Jiang, Liping Wang, Jiakun Long, Yan Li, Gengli Duan. Restricted access magnetic core-mesoporous shell microspheres with C8-modified interior pore walls for the identification of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol metabolites in rat plasma using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2017 Jun; 1054(?):73-79. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.04.004. [PMID: 28432922]
  • Mohamed El-Agamy Farh, Yeon-Ju Kim, Priyanka Singh, Deok-Chun Yang. Cross Interaction Between Ilyonectria mors-panacis Isolates Infecting Korean Ginseng and Ginseng Saponins in Correlation with Their Pathogenicity. Phytopathology. 2017 05; 107(5):561-569. doi: 10.1094/phyto-05-16-0210-r. [PMID: 27918242]
  • Qi-Le Zhou, Di-Na Zhu, Yan-Fang Yang, Wei Xu, Xiu-Wei Yang. Simultaneous quantification of twenty-one ginsenosides and their three aglycones in rat plasma by a developed UFLC-MS/MS assay: Application to a pharmacokinetic study of red ginseng. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2017 Apr; 137(?):1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.01.009. [PMID: 28086165]
  • Gyo In, Hyun Kyu Seo, Hee-Won Park, Kyoung Hwa Jang. A Metabolomic Approach for the Discrimination of Red Ginseng Root Parts and Targeted Validation. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2017 Mar; 22(3):. doi: 10.3390/molecules22030471. [PMID: 28294969]
  • Feifei Yang, Jing Zhou, Chunyu Liu, Xiao Hu, Ruile Pan, Qi Chang, Xinmin Liu, Yonghong Liao. Cytochromes P450 Inhibitory Excipient-Based Self-Microemulsions for the Improved Bioavailability of Protopanaxatriol and Protopanaxadiol: Preparation and Evaluation. Planta medica. 2017 Mar; 83(5):453-460. doi: 10.1055/s-0042-106726. [PMID: 27220080]
  • Qi Zhang, Yiqiong Pu, Bing Wang, Yuqin Wang, Tina Tingxia Dong, Tao Guo, Tong Zhang, Zhenzhen Cai. Characterization, Molecular Docking, and In Vitro Dissolution Studies of Solid Dispersions of 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2017 Feb; 22(2):. doi: 10.3390/molecules22020274. [PMID: 28208662]
  • Jian Yu, Li-Qiang Gu, Yan-Fei Xin, Yun-Sheng Bai, Sheng Zhang, Hai-Yan Gao, Pan-Sheng Xu, Zhu-Feng Ma, Zhen-Qiang You, Zhi Wang, Yao-Xian Xuan. Potential accumulation of protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides in six-months toxicokinetic study of SHENMAI injection in dogs. Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP. 2017 Feb; 83(?):5-12. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.11.012. [PMID: 27840091]
  • Yiqiong Pu, Xitong Zhang, Qi Zhang, Bing Wang, Yuxi Chen, Chuanqi Zang, Yuqin Wang, Tina Ting-Xia Dong, Tong Zhang. 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol Phospholipid Complex: Process Optimization, Characterization, In Vitro Dissolution and Molecular Docking Studies. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2016 Oct; 21(10):. doi: 10.3390/molecules21101396. [PMID: 27775578]
  • Yi Cao, Chao-Qun Wang, Feng Xu, Xiu-Hong Jia, Guang-Xue Liu, Sheng-Chao Yang, Guang-Qiang Long, Zhong-Jian Chen, Fu-Zhou Wei, Shao-Zhou Yang, Kozo Fukuda, Xuan Wang, Shao-Qing Cai. [A semimicroquality evaluation method on Panax notoginseng and its application in analysis of continuous cropping obstacles research samples]. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica. 2016 Oct; 41(20):3773-3781. doi: 10.4268/cjcmm20162012. [PMID: 28929655]
  • Jin Ling, Yingjia Yu, Jiajun Zhu, Yan Li, Li Ling, Liping Wang, Changjiang Xu, Gengli Duan. A highly sensitive HPLC-MS/MS method for quantification of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol in human plasma and its application in phase IIa clinical trial of a novel antidepressant agent. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2016 Sep; 1031(?):214-220. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.07.044. [PMID: 27507666]
  • Kentaro Igami, Yosuke Shimojo, Hisatomi Ito, Toshitsugu Miyazaki, Fusako Nakano, Yoshiki Kashiwada. Fermented Ginseng Contains an Agonist of Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors α and γ. Journal of medicinal food. 2016 Sep; 19(9):817-22. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3673. [PMID: 27627700]
  • Meihua Han, Liqiang Ma, Xin Yu, Zhitao Li, Yifei Guo, Xiangtao Wang. A nanoparticulate drug-delivery system for 20(S)-protopanaxadiol: formulation, characterization, increased oral bioavailability and anti-tumor efficacy. Drug delivery. 2016 Sep; 23(7):2410-2418. doi: 10.3109/10717544.2014.997843. [PMID: 25564965]
  • Fanglong Zhao, Peng Bai, Ting Liu, Dashuai Li, Xiangmei Zhang, Wenyu Lu, Yingjin Yuan. Optimization of a cytochrome P450 oxidation system for enhancing protopanaxadiol production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnology and bioengineering. 2016 08; 113(8):1787-95. doi: 10.1002/bit.25934. [PMID: 26757342]
  • Ming Peng, Xiaonan Li, Tong Zhang, Yue Ding, Yaxiong Yi, Jian Le, Yongjian Yang, Xijing Chen. Stereoselective pharmacokinetic and metabolism studies of 20(S)- and 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg₃ epimers in rat plasma by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2016 Mar; 121(?):215-224. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.01.020. [PMID: 26826673]
  • Xian-En Zhao, Tao Lv, Shuyun Zhu, Fei Qu, Guang Chen, Yongrui He, Na Wei, Guoliang Li, Lian Xia, Zhiwei Sun, Shijuan Zhang, Jinmao You, Shu Liu, Zhiqiang Liu, Jing Sun, Shuying Liu. Dual ultrasonic-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with microwave-assisted derivatization for simultaneous determination of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol and 20(S)-protopanaxatriol by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of chromatography. A. 2016 Mar; 1437(?):49-57. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.02.017. [PMID: 26877173]
  • Gang Chen, Junhua Liu, Wantao Chen, Qin Xu, Meng Xiao, Lihong Hu, Li Mao, Xu Wang. A 20(S)-protopanoxadiol derivative overcomes multi-drug resistance by antagonizing ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 transporter function. Oncotarget. 2016 Feb; 7(8):9388-403. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.7011. [PMID: 26824187]
  • Chen Chen, Lisha Wang, Fangrui Cao, Xiaoqing Miao, Tongkai Chen, Qi Chang, Ying Zheng. Formulation of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol nanocrystals to improve oral bioavailability and brain delivery. International journal of pharmaceutics. 2016 Jan; 497(1-2):239-47. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.12.014. [PMID: 26680316]
  • Hualin Zhang, Zhong Li, Zhongliu Zhou, Hongyan Yang, Zhiyong Zhong, Caixia Lou. Antidepressant-like effects of ginsenosides: A comparison of ginsenoside Rb3 and its four deglycosylated derivatives, Rg3, Rh2, compound K, and 20(S)-protopanaxadiol in mice models of despair. Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior. 2016 Jan; 140(?):17-26. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.10.018. [PMID: 26528894]
  • Chong-Zhi Wang, Samantha Anderson, Chun-Su Yuan. Phytochemistry and Anticancer Potential of Notoginseng. The American journal of Chinese medicine. 2016; 44(1):23-34. doi: 10.1142/s0192415x16500026. [PMID: 26916912]
  • Li-Yuan Ma, Qi-Le Zhou, Xiu-Wei Yang. New SIRT1 activator from alkaline hydrolysate of total saponins in the stems-leaves of Panax ginseng. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters. 2015 Nov; 25(22):5321-5. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.09.039. [PMID: 26420067]
  • Lihua Zhang, Yunfei Lin, Huashi Guan, Lihong Hu, Guoyu Pan. Simultaneous determination of gypenoside LVI, gypenoside XLVI, 2α-OH-protopanaxadiol and their two metabolites in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS and its application to pharmacokinetic studies. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2015 Nov; 1005(?):9-16. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.09.028. [PMID: 26454343]
  • Ju-Hyeon Chun, Prakash Babu Adhikari, Seong-Bum Park, Jung-Yeon Han, Yong-Eui Choi. Production of the dammarene sapogenin (protopanaxadiol) in transgenic tobacco plants and cultured cells by heterologous expression of PgDDS and CYP716A47. Plant cell reports. 2015 Sep; 34(9):1551-60. doi: 10.1007/s00299-015-1806-9. [PMID: 25981048]
  • Cheng-Zhen Gu, Jun-Jiang Lv, Xiao-Xia Zhang, Hui Yan, Hong-Tao Zhu, Huai-Rong Luo, Dong Wang, Chong-Ren Yang, Min Xu, Ying-Jun Zhang. Minor dehydrogenated and cleavaged dammarane-type saponins from the steamed roots of Panax notoginseng. Fitoterapia. 2015 Jun; 103(?):97-105. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.03.014. [PMID: 25797537]
  • Kyung-Chul Shin, Hye-Ji Lee, Deok-Kun Oh. Substrate specificity of β-glucosidase from Gordonia terrae for ginsenosides and its application in the production of ginsenosides Rg₃, Rg₂, and Rh₁ from ginseng root extract. Journal of bioscience and bioengineering. 2015 May; 119(5):497-504. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.10.004. [PMID: 25457989]
  • Wenyan Wang, Li Wang, Xiangmeng Wu, Lixiao Xu, Qingguo Meng, Wanhui Liu. Stereoselective formation and metabolism of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol ocotillol type epimers in vivo and in vitro. Chirality. 2015 Feb; 27(2):170-6. doi: 10.1002/chir.22407. [PMID: 25422175]
  • Bing Wang, Yiqiong Pu, Benliang Xu, Jiansheng Tao, Yuqin Wang, Tong Zhang, Peiying Wu. Self-microemulsifying Drug Delivery System Improved Oral Bioavailability of 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol: From Preparation to Evaluation. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin. 2015; 63(9):688-93. doi: 10.1248/cpb.c15-00247. [PMID: 26084568]
  • Thi Hong Van Le, Gwang Jin Lee, Huynh Kim Long Vu, Sung Won Kwon, Ngoc Khoi Nguyen, Jeong Hill Park, Minh Duc Nguyen. Ginseng Saponins in Different Parts of Panax vietnamensis. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin. 2015; 63(11):950-4. doi: 10.1248/cpb.c15-00369. [PMID: 26521860]
  • Suk-Chae Jung, Woohyun Kim, Sung Chul Park, Jinkil Jeong, Myung Keun Park, Soohwan Lim, Yeon Lee, Wan-Taek Im, Jun Hyoung Lee, Giltsu Choi, Sun Chang Kim. Two ginseng UDP-glycosyltransferases synthesize ginsenoside Rg3 and Rd. Plant & cell physiology. 2014 Dec; 55(12):2177-88. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcu147. [PMID: 25320211]
  • Ying-Chun Zhang, Geng Li, Chao Jiang, Bin Yang, Hong-Jun Yang, Hai-Yu Xu, Lu-Qi Huang. Tissue-specific distribution of ginsenosides in different aged ginseng and antioxidant activity of ginseng leaf. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2014 Oct; 19(11):17381-99. doi: 10.3390/molecules191117381. [PMID: 25353387]
  • Le Wang, Shou-Jing Zhao, Hao-Jie Cao, Yao Sun. The isolation and characterization of dammarenediol synthase gene from Panax quinquefolius and its heterologous co-expression with cytochrome P450 gene PqD12H in yeast. Functional & integrative genomics. 2014 Sep; 14(3):545-57. doi: 10.1007/s10142-014-0384-1. [PMID: 24929308]
  • Le Wang, Shou-Jing Zhao, Yan-Long Liang, Yao Sun, Hao-Jie Cao, Ying Han. Identification of the protopanaxatriol synthase gene CYP6H for ginsenoside biosynthesis in Panax quinquefolius. Functional & integrative genomics. 2014 Sep; 14(3):559-70. doi: 10.1007/s10142-014-0386-z. [PMID: 25056561]
  • Junhua Liu, Dakai Chen, Peng Liu, Mengna He, Jia Li, Jingya Li, Lihong Hu. Discovery, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD) derivatives as a novel class of AMPKα2β1γ1 activators. European journal of medicinal chemistry. 2014 May; 79(?):340-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.04.010. [PMID: 24747289]
  • Subrata Deb, Mei Yieng Chin, Hans Adomat, Emma S Tomlinson Guns. Ginsenoside-mediated blockade of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inactivation in human liver and intestine in vitro. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology. 2014 May; 141(?):94-103. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.01.007. [PMID: 24486455]
  • Imogen Smith, Elizabeth M Williamson, Sophie Putnam, Jonathan Farrimond, Benjamin J Whalley. Effects and mechanisms of ginseng and ginsenosides on cognition. Nutrition reviews. 2014 May; 72(5):319-33. doi: 10.1111/nure.12099. [PMID: 24666107]
  • Chunyong He, Jia Li, Rufeng Wang, Zeyun Li, S W Annie Bligh, Li Yang, Zhengtao Wang. Metabolic profiles of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol in rats after oral administration using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM. 2014 Mar; 28(6):595-604. doi: 10.1002/rcm.6813. [PMID: 24519822]
  • Zhubo Dai, Beibei Wang, Yi Liu, Mingyu Shi, Dong Wang, Xianan Zhang, Tao Liu, Luqi Huang, Xueli Zhang. Producing aglycons of ginsenosides in bakers' yeast. Scientific reports. 2014 Jan; 4(?):3698. doi: 10.1038/srep03698. [PMID: 24424342]
  • Zhiwen Zhou, Cong Ma, Hengyuan Zhang, Yi Bi, Xia Chen, Hua Tian, Xiaoni Xie, Qingguo Meng, Peter John Lewis, Jinyi Xu. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel ocotillol-type triterpenoid derivatives as antibacterial agents. European journal of medicinal chemistry. 2013 Oct; 68(?):444-53. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.07.041. [PMID: 23994872]
  • Eun-Mi Kim, Joo-Hyun Seo, Juhan Kim, Jun-Seong Park, Duck-Hee Kim, Byung-Gee Kim. Production of ginsenoside aglycons and Rb1 deglycosylation pathway profiling by HPLC and ESI-MS/MS using Sphingobacterium multivorum GIN723. Applied microbiology and biotechnology. 2013 Sep; 97(18):8031-9. doi: 10.1007/s00253-013-4982-y. [PMID: 23812276]
  • Cai Xiaojun, Xu Yuping, Pan Yu, Ren Yiping, Xiang Zheng. An UFLC-MS/MS method for quantification of panaxadiol in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Planta medica. 2013 Sep; 79(14):1324-8. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1350675. [PMID: 23925904]
  • Xin Jin, Song-Lin Li, Zhen-hai Zhang, Fen-xia Zhu, E Sun, Ying-jie Wei, Xiao-bin Jia. Characterization of metabolites of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol in rats using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2013 Aug; 933(?):59-66. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.03.028. [PMID: 23877070]
  • Kyung-Chul Shin, Hye-Jin Oh, Baek-Joong Kim, Deok-Kun Oh. Complete conversion of major protopanaxadiol ginsenosides to compound K by the combined use of α-L-arabinofuranosidase and β-galactosidase from Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus and β-glucosidase from Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. Journal of biotechnology. 2013 Aug; 167(1):33-40. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.06.003. [PMID: 23774035]
  • Bonggoo Park, Yong-Moon Lee, Jae-Sung Kim, Youl Her, Ju Hee Kang, Seung-Hyun Oh, Hwan-Mook Kim. Neutral sphingomyelinase 2 modulates cytotoxic effects of protopanaxadiol on different human cancer cells. BMC complementary and alternative medicine. 2013 Jul; 13(?):194. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-194. [PMID: 23889969]
  • Junhua Liu, Xu Wang, Peng Liu, Rongxin Deng, Min Lei, Wantao Chen, Lihong Hu. 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol (PPD) analogues chemosensitize multidrug-resistant cancer cells to clinical anticancer drugs. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry. 2013 Jul; 21(14):4279-87. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.04.067. [PMID: 23683834]
  • Jian-Li Gao, Gui-Yuan Lv, Bai-Cheng He, Bing-Qiang Zhang, Hongyu Zhang, Ning Wang, Chong-Zhi Wang, Wei Du, Chun-Su Yuan, Tong-Chuan He. Ginseng saponin metabolite 20(S)-protopanaxadiol inhibits tumor growth by targeting multiple cancer signaling pathways. Oncology reports. 2013 Jul; 30(1):292-8. doi: 10.3892/or.2013.2438. [PMID: 23633038]
  • Hai-yan Song, Li Zhang, Jie-lu Pan, Li-li Yang, Guang Ji. Bioactivity of five components of Chinese herbal formula Jiangzhi granules against hepatocellular steatosis. Journal of integrative medicine. 2013 Jul; 11(4):262-8. doi: 10.3736/jintegrmed2013034. [PMID: 23867244]
  • Zheyi Hu, Junling Yang, Chen Cheng, Yuhong Huang, Feifei Du, Fengqing Wang, Wei Niu, Fang Xu, Rongrong Jiang, Xiumei Gao, Chuan Li. Combinatorial metabolism notably affects human systemic exposure to ginsenosides from orally administered extract of Panax notoginseng roots (Sanqi). Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2013 Jul; 41(7):1457-69. doi: 10.1124/dmd.113.051391. [PMID: 23649704]
  • Ling-Ti Kong, Qian Wang, Bing-Xin Xiao, Yong-Hong Liao, Xiao-Xi He, Lin-Hu Ye, Xin-Min Liu, Qi Chang. Different pharmacokinetics of the two structurally similar dammarane sapogenins, protopanaxatriol and protopanaxadiol, in rats. Fitoterapia. 2013 Apr; 86(?):48-53. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.01.019. [PMID: 23391424]
  • Huali Xu, Xiaofeng Yu, Shaochun Qu, Yanping Chen, Zhicai Wang, Dayun Sui. In vive and in vitro cardioprotective effects of panax quinquefolium 20(S)-protopanaxadiol saponins (PQDS), isolated from panax quinquefolium. Die Pharmazie. 2013 Apr; 68(4):287-92. doi: NULL. [PMID: 23700796]
  • Yuanwu Bao, Quanying Wang, Pingming Tang. Lithium adduct as precursor ion for sensitive and rapid quantification of 20 (S)-protopanaxadiol in rat plasma by liquid chromatography/quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry and application to rat pharmacokinetic study. Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS. 2013 Mar; 48(3):399-405. doi: 10.1002/jms.3174. [PMID: 23494798]
  • Chong-Zhi Wang, Binghui Li, Xiao-Dong Wen, Zhiyu Zhang, Chunhao Yu, Tyler D Calway, Tong-Chuan He, Wei Du, Chun-Su Yuan. Paraptosis and NF-κB activation are associated with protopanaxadiol-induced cancer chemoprevention. BMC complementary and alternative medicine. 2013 Jan; 13(?):2. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-2. [PMID: 23281928]
  • Xin Jin, Zhen-Hai Zhang, E Sun, Qi-Yuan Liu, Xiao-Bin Jia. [Study on pharmacokinetics of 20 (S) -protopanaxadiol lipid cubic nanoparticles]. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica. 2013 Jan; 38(2):263-8. doi: NULL. [PMID: 23672053]
  • Xiao-Shu Zhang, Xiu-Li Bi, Wan-Xiao, Jia-Qing Cao, Xi-Chun Xia, Yun-Peng Diao, Yu-Qing Zhao. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitory effect by dammarane-type triterpenes from hydrolyzate of total Gynostemma pentaphyllum saponins. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters. 2013 Jan; 23(1):297-300. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.10.097. [PMID: 23177789]
  • Hui-Zheng Fu, Rui-Jian Zhong, Dong-Ming Zhang, Dong Wang. A new protopanaxadiol-type ginsenoside from the roots of Panax notoginseng. Journal of Asian natural products research. 2013; 15(10):1139-43. doi: 10.1080/10286020.2013.817393. [PMID: 23869513]
  • Jung-Yeon Han, Hwan-Su Hwang, Su-Wan Choi, Hyun-Jung Kim, Yong-Eui Choi. Cytochrome P450 CYP716A53v2 catalyzes the formation of protopanaxatriol from protopanaxadiol during ginsenoside biosynthesis in Panax ginseng. Plant & cell physiology. 2012 Sep; 53(9):1535-45. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcs106. [PMID: 22875608]
  • Xuesong Zhao, Juan Gao, Chengcheng Song, Qiang Fang, Nan Wang, Tianjiao Zhao, Dongbo Liu, Yifa Zhou. Fungal sensitivity to and enzymatic deglycosylation of ginsenosides. Phytochemistry. 2012 Jun; 78(?):65-71. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.02.027. [PMID: 22449289]