MG(12:0/0:0/0:0) (BioDeep_00000009623)

 

Secondary id: BioDeep_00001872470

human metabolite Endogenous natural product


代谢物信息卡片


(2R)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl dodecanoate

化学式: C15H30O4 (274.2144)
中文名称:
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 Homo sapiens(lipidomics) 55.17%

分子结构信息

SMILES: CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(CO)O
InChI: InChI=1S/C15H30O4/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-15(18)19-13-14(17)12-16/h14,16-17H,2-13H2,1H3/t14-/m0/s1

描述信息

MG(12:0/0:0/0:0) belongs to the family of monoradyglycerols, which are glycerolipids lipids containing a common glycerol backbone to which at one fatty acyl group is attached. Their general formula is [R1]OCC(CO[R2])O[R3]. MG(12:0/0:0/0:0) is made up of one dodecanoyl(R1).

同义名列表

7 个代谢物同义名

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl dodecanoate; 1-dodecanoyl-sn-glycerol; 3-Dodecanoyl-sn-glycerol; MG (0:0/0:0/12:0); MG(12:0/0:0/0:0); Monolaurin; MG 12:0



数据库引用编号

16 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

PlantCyc(0)

代谢反应

30 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(30)

PharmGKB(0)

11 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。

亚细胞结构定位 关联基因列表
Cytoplasm 9 CAT, FOXP3, IL18, ISG15, LPO, MARVELD1, PTGS2, TLR2, TLR4
Peripheral membrane protein 2 GORASP1, PTGS2
Endosome membrane 1 TLR4
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane 2 CD4, PTGS2
Nucleus 2 FOXP3, MARVELD1
cytosol 5 CAT, FOXP3, IL18, ISG15, LIPE
nucleoplasm 2 FOXP3, ISG15
Cell membrane 7 CD4, CLDN1, GML, LIPE, MARVELD1, TLR4, TNF
Cytoplasmic side 1 GORASP1
Multi-pass membrane protein 2 CLDN1, MARVELD1
Golgi apparatus membrane 1 GORASP1
cell surface 3 TLR2, TLR4, TNF
Golgi apparatus 2 GORASP1, TLR2
Golgi membrane 1 GORASP1
neuronal cell body 1 TNF
Cytoplasm, cytosol 2 IL18, LIPE
plasma membrane 8 CD4, CLDN1, GML, IFNLR1, MARVELD1, TLR2, TLR4, TNF
Membrane 7 CAT, CLDN1, IFNLR1, LIPE, MARVELD1, TLR2, TLR4
apical plasma membrane 1 CLDN1
basolateral plasma membrane 2 CLDN1, LPO
caveola 2 LIPE, PTGS2
extracellular exosome 3 CAT, LPO, LYZ
endoplasmic reticulum 1 PTGS2
extracellular space 7 CXCL8, IL10, IL18, IL6, LPO, LYZ, TNF
perinuclear region of cytoplasm 1 TLR4
Cell junction, tight junction 1 CLDN1
bicellular tight junction 1 CLDN1
mitochondrion 1 CAT
protein-containing complex 4 CAT, CLDN1, FOXP3, PTGS2
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle 1 CAT
Microsome membrane 1 PTGS2
Single-pass type I membrane protein 4 CD4, IFNLR1, TLR2, TLR4
Secreted 6 CXCL8, IL10, IL18, IL6, ISG15, LPO
extracellular region 9 CAT, CXCL8, IL10, IL18, IL6, ISG15, LPO, LYZ, TNF
mitochondrial matrix 1 CAT
external side of plasma membrane 3 CD4, TLR4, TNF
Early endosome 2 CD4, TLR4
recycling endosome 1 TNF
Single-pass type II membrane protein 1 TNF
Membrane raft 3 CD4, TLR2, TNF
Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton 1 MARVELD1
focal adhesion 1 CAT
cis-Golgi network 1 GORASP1
Peroxisome 1 CAT
Peroxisome matrix 1 CAT
peroxisomal matrix 1 CAT
peroxisomal membrane 1 CAT
lateral plasma membrane 1 CLDN1
Nucleus inner membrane 1 PTGS2
Nucleus outer membrane 1 PTGS2
nuclear inner membrane 1 PTGS2
nuclear outer membrane 1 PTGS2
Cell projection, ruffle 1 TLR4
ruffle 1 TLR4
receptor complex 2 TLR2, TLR4
neuron projection 1 PTGS2
chromatin 1 FOXP3
Cytoplasmic vesicle, phagosome membrane 1 TLR2
cell projection 1 TLR2
phagocytic cup 2 TLR4, TNF
phagocytic vesicle membrane 1 TLR2
cytoskeleton 1 MARVELD1
Basolateral cell membrane 1 CLDN1
Lipid-anchor, GPI-anchor 1 GML
Lipid droplet 1 LIPE
Membrane, caveola 1 LIPE
cell body 1 TLR2
side of membrane 1 GML
lipopolysaccharide receptor complex 1 TLR4
ficolin-1-rich granule lumen 1 CAT
secretory granule lumen 1 CAT
secretory granule membrane 1 TLR2
endoplasmic reticulum lumen 3 CD4, IL6, PTGS2
specific granule lumen 1 LYZ
tertiary granule lumen 1 LYZ
extrinsic component of membrane 1 GML
tight junction 1 CLDN1
azurophil granule lumen 1 LYZ
Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane 1 GORASP1
Golgi apparatus, cis-Golgi network membrane 1 GORASP1
clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane 1 CD4
Toll-like receptor 1-Toll-like receptor 2 protein complex 1 TLR2
Toll-like receptor 2-Toll-like receptor 6 protein complex 1 TLR2
[Tumor necrosis factor, soluble form]: Secreted 1 TNF
T cell receptor complex 1 CD4
catalase complex 1 CAT
interleukin-6 receptor complex 1 IL6
interleukin-28 receptor complex 1 IFNLR1
[C-domain 2]: Secreted 1 TNF
[Tumor necrosis factor, membrane form]: Membrane 1 TNF
[C-domain 1]: Secreted 1 TNF


文献列表

  • Thomas Vennard, Nathan A Meredith, Sarah D Maria, Lauren Brink, Neil Shah, Ardythe L Morrow, Ruth Simmons, Michael A Gray, Shay C Phillips. A novel LC-MS/MS method to characterize the antimicrobial lipid glycerol monolaurate in global human milk. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2023 Oct; 238(?):115817. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115817. [PMID: 37939550]
  • Adam Yasgar, Danielle Bougie, Richard T Eastman, Ruili Huang, Misha Itkin, Jennifer Kouznetsova, Caitlin Lynch, Crystal McKnight, Mitch Miller, Deborah K Ngan, Tyler Peryea, Pranav Shah, Paul Shinn, Menghang Xia, Xin Xu, Alexey V Zakharov, Anton Simeonov. Quantitative Bioactivity Signatures of Dietary Supplements and Natural Products. ACS pharmacology & translational science. 2023 May; 6(5):683-701. doi: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00194. [PMID: 37200814]
  • Huanhuan Cui, Cuie Tang, Shan Wu, David Julian McClements, Shilin Liu, Bin Li, Yan Li. Fabrication of chitosan-cinnamaldehyde-glycerol monolaurate bigels with dual gelling effects and application as cream analogs. Food chemistry. 2022 Aug; 384(?):132589. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132589. [PMID: 35258001]
  • Longxian Li, Huakai Wang, Nan Zhang, Tuan Zhang, Yongxi Ma. Effects of α-glycerol monolaurate on intestinal morphology, nutrient digestibility, serum profiles, and gut microbiota in weaned piglets. Journal of animal science. 2022 Mar; 100(3):. doi: 10.1093/jas/skac046. [PMID: 35167667]
  • Jing Wang, Huiqi Jiang, Yasmin Alhamoud, Yong Chen, Jiachen Zhuang, Tao Liu, Luyun Cai, Weiliang Shen, Xiongfei Wu, Weiqiang Zheng, Fengqin Feng. Integrated metabolomic and gene expression analyses to study the effects of glycerol monolaurate on flesh quality in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Food chemistry. 2022 Jan; 367(?):130749. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130749. [PMID: 34375886]
  • Maha Raafat Abd El Fadeel, Eman M Soliman, Ahmad Mohammad Allam, Mohamed F ElKersh, Rehab Mahmoud Abd El-Baky, Ahmad Mustafa. Efficacy and durability of bovine virus diarrhea (BVD) virus killed vaccine adjuvanted with monolaurin. PloS one. 2022; 17(7):e0269031. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269031. [PMID: 35834444]
  • Jana Sedlarikova, Magda Janalikova, Petra Peer, Lucie Pavlatkova, Antonin Minarik, Pavel Pleva. Zein-Based Films Containing Monolaurin/Eugenol or Essential Oils with Potential for Bioactive Packaging Application. International journal of molecular sciences. 2021 Dec; 23(1):. doi: 10.3390/ijms23010384. [PMID: 35008810]
  • Sini Kang, Yaqing Guo, Junhui Rao, Hui Jin, Hyun Ju You, Geun Eog Ji. In vitro and in vivo inhibition of Helicobacter pylori by Lactobacillus plantarum pH3A, monolaurin, and grapefruit seed extract. Food & function. 2021 Nov; 12(21):11024-11032. doi: 10.1039/d1fo01480c. [PMID: 34657941]
  • Linglian Kong, Zhenhua Wang, Chuanpi Xiao, Qidong Zhu, Zhigang Song. Glycerol Monolaurate Ameliorated Intestinal Barrier and Immunity in Broilers by Regulating Intestinal Inflammation, Antioxidant Balance, and Intestinal Microbiota. Frontiers in immunology. 2021; 12(?):713485. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.713485. [PMID: 34630388]
  • Amanda B Almeida, Denise N Araújo, João V Strapazzon, Cleiciane Rita, Amanda Dilda, Giovana Balen, Guilherme L Deolindo, Daniela Nesi, Valcenir J M Furlan, Giovana Pelisser, Ricardo E Mendes, Mateus Fracasso, Roger Wagner, Marcel M Boiago, Aleksandro S DA Silva. Use of blend based on an emulsifier, monolaurin, and glycerides of butyric acid in the diet of broilers: impacts on intestinal health, performance, and meat. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias. 2021; 93(suppl 4):e20210687. doi: 10.1590/0001-3765202120210687. [PMID: 34909829]
  • Tao Liu, Jun Tang, Fengqin Feng. Glycerol monolaurate improves performance, intestinal development, and muscle amino acids in yellow-feathered broilers via manipulating gut microbiota. Applied microbiology and biotechnology. 2020 Dec; 104(23):10279-10291. doi: 10.1007/s00253-020-10919-y. [PMID: 33026495]
  • J Valentini, A S Da Silva, B F Fortuoso, J H Reis, R R Gebert, L G Griss, M M Boiago, L Q S Lopes, R C V Santos, R Wagner, F C Tavernari. Chemical composition, lipid peroxidation, and fatty acid profile in meat of broilers fed with glycerol monolaurate additive. Food chemistry. 2020 Nov; 330(?):127187. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127187. [PMID: 32531636]
  • Woon Yi Law, Mohd Razip Asaruddin, Showkat Ahamd Bhawani, Samsur Mohamad. Pharmacophore modelling of vanillin derivatives, favipiravir, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, monolaurin and tetrodotoxin as MPro inhibitors of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). BMC research notes. 2020 Nov; 13(1):527. doi: 10.1186/s13104-020-05379-6. [PMID: 33176880]
  • Bruno F Fortuoso, Gabriela M Galli, Luiz G Griss, Eduardo H Armanini, Anielen D Silva, Mateus Fracasso, Vitor Mostardeiro, Vera M Morsch, Leonardo Q S Lopes, Roberto C V Santos, Anderson Gris, Ricardo E Mendes, Marcel M Boiago, Aleksandro S Da Silva. Effects of glycerol monolaurate on growth and physiology of chicks consuming diet containing fumonisin. Microbial pathogenesis. 2020 Oct; 147(?):104261. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104261. [PMID: 32422333]
  • Bo Kyeong Yoon, Soohyun Park, Gamaliel J Ma, Kavoos Kolahdouzan, Vladimir P Zhdanov, Joshua A Jackman, Nam-Joon Cho. Competing Interactions of Fatty Acids and Monoglycerides Trigger Synergistic Phospholipid Membrane Remodeling. The journal of physical chemistry letters. 2020 Jul; 11(13):4951-4957. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01138. [PMID: 32478524]
  • Chunxiao Ren, Yijiang Wang, Xiaofeng Lin, Hanqing Song, Qiqi Zhou, Wan Xu, Kui Shi, Jun Chen, Junshuai Song, Fang Chen, Shihai Zhang, Wutai Guan. A Combination of Formic Acid and Monolaurin Attenuates Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Induced Intestinal Inflammation in Piglets by Inhibiting the NF-κB/MAPK Pathways with Modulation of Gut Microbiota. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2020 Apr; 68(14):4155-4165. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01414. [PMID: 32202779]
  • Minjie Zhao, Zengliang Jiang, Haiying Cai, Yang Li, Qiufen Mo, Lingli Deng, Hao Zhong, Tao Liu, Hui Zhang, Jing X Kang, Fengqin Feng. Modulation of the Gut Microbiota during High-Dose Glycerol Monolaurate-Mediated Amelioration of Obesity in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. mBio. 2020 04; 11(2):. doi: 10.1128/mbio.00190-20. [PMID: 32265324]
  • Min-Jie Zhao, Hai-Ying Cai, Meng-Yun Liu, Ling-Li Deng, Yang Li, Hui Zhang, Feng-Qin Feng. Effects of dietary glycerol monolaurate on productive performance, egg quality, serum biochemical indices, and intestinal morphology of laying hens. Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B. 2019 Nov; 20(11):877-890. doi: 10.1631/jzus.b1800530. [PMID: 31595724]
  • Tobie D Lee, Olivia W Lee, Kyle R Brimacombe, Lu Chen, Rajarshi Guha, Sabrina Lusvarghi, Bethilehem G Tebase, Carleen Klumpp-Thomas, Robert W Robey, Suresh V Ambudkar, Min Shen, Michael M Gottesman, Matthew D Hall. A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Molecular pharmacology. 2019 11; 96(5):629-640. doi: 10.1124/mol.119.115964. [PMID: 31515284]
  • Minjie Zhao, Haiying Cai, Zengliang Jiang, Yang Li, Hao Zhong, Hui Zhang, Fengqin Feng. Glycerol-Monolaurate-Mediated Attenuation of Metabolic Syndrome is Associated with the Modulation of Gut Microbiota in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Mice. Molecular nutrition & food research. 2019 09; 63(18):e1801417. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201801417. [PMID: 31318165]
  • Leonardo Quintana Soares Lopes, Pablo Sebastian Britto de Oliveira, Walter Paixão de Souza Filho, Rodrigo de Almeida Vaucher, Janice Luehring Giongo, Michele Rorato Sagrillo, Roberto Christ Vianna Santos. Glycerol monolaurate nanocapsules for biomedical applications: in vitro toxicological studies. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology. 2019 09; 392(9):1131-1140. doi: 10.1007/s00210-019-01663-w. [PMID: 31079199]
  • Qiufen Mo, Aikun Fu, Lingli Deng, Minjie Zhao, Yang Li, Hui Zhang, Fengqin Feng. High-dose Glycerol Monolaurate Up-Regulated Beneficial Indigenous Microbiota without Inducing Metabolic Dysfunction and Systemic Inflammation: New Insights into Its Antimicrobial Potential. Nutrients. 2019 Aug; 11(9):. doi: 10.3390/nu11091981. [PMID: 31443470]
  • Nawinda Chinatangkul, Sukannika Tubtimsri, Danuch Panchapornpon, Prasert Akkaramongkolporn, Chutima Limmatvapirat, Sontaya Limmatvapirat. Design and characterisation of electrospun shellac-polyvinylpyrrolidone blended micro/nanofibres loaded with monolaurin for application in wound healing. International journal of pharmaceutics. 2019 May; 562(?):258-270. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.03.048. [PMID: 30910635]
  • Bruno F Fortuoso, João H Dos Reis, Roger R Gebert, Mauricio Barreta, Luiz Gustavo Griss, Renata A Casagrande, Thierry G de Cristo, Fábio Santiani, Gabriela Campigotto, Luana Rampazzo, Lenita M Stefani, Marcel M Boiago, Leonardo Q Lopes, Roberto C V Santos, Matheus D Baldissera, Régis A Zanette, Thainã Tomasi, Aleksandro S Da Silva. Glycerol monolaurate in the diet of broiler chickens replacing conventional antimicrobials: Impact on health, performance and meat quality. Microbial pathogenesis. 2019 Apr; 129(?):161-167. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.02.005. [PMID: 30735801]
  • Bo Kyeong Yoon, Joshua A Jackman, Soohyun Park, Natalia Mokrzecka, Nam-Joon Cho. Characterizing the Membrane-Disruptive Behavior of Dodecylglycerol Using Supported Lipid Bilayers. Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids. 2019 03; 35(9):3568-3575. doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00244. [PMID: 30720282]
  • René T Rozenbaum, Linzhu Su, Anita Umerska, Matthieu Eveillard, Joakim Håkansson, Margit Mahlapuu, Fan Huang, Jianfeng Liu, Zhenkun Zhang, Linqi Shi, Henny C van der Mei, Henk J Busscher, Prashant K Sharma. Antimicrobial synergy of monolaurin lipid nanocapsules with adsorbed antimicrobial peptides against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms in vitro is absent in vivo. Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society. 2019 01; 293(?):73-83. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.11.018. [PMID: 30465823]
  • Huqing Yang, Xia Li, Guoquan Lu. Effect of Carnauba Wax-Based Coating Containing Glycerol Monolaurate on Decay and Quality of Sweet Potato Roots during Storage. Journal of food protection. 2018 10; 81(10):1643-1650. doi: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-017. [PMID: 30204002]
  • Zengliang Jiang, Minjie Zhao, Hui Zhang, Yang Li, Mengyun Liu, Fengqin Feng. Antimicrobial Emulsifier-Glycerol Monolaurate Induces Metabolic Syndrome, Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis, and Systemic Low-Grade Inflammation in Low-Fat Diet Fed Mice. Molecular nutrition & food research. 2018 02; 62(3):. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201700547. [PMID: 29131494]
  • Chikako Ikegawa, Akira Ogita, Takeshi Doi, Fumitaka Kumazawa, Ken-Ichi Fujita, Toshio Tanaka. Involvement of Irreversible Vacuolar Membrane Fragmentation in the Lethality of Food Emulsifier Diglycerol Monolaurate against Budding Yeast. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2017 Jul; 65(28):5650-5656. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01580. [PMID: 28671839]
  • Anita Umerska, Viviane Cassisa, Guillaume Bastiat, Nada Matougui, Hassan Nehme, Florence Manero, Matthieu Eveillard, Patrick Saulnier. Synergistic interactions between antimicrobial peptides derived from plectasin and lipid nanocapsules containing monolaurin as a cosurfactant against Staphylococcus aureus. International journal of nanomedicine. 2017; 12(?):5687-5699. doi: 10.2147/ijn.s139625. [PMID: 28848347]
  • Michael S Zhang, Aline Sandouk, Jon C D Houtman. Glycerol Monolaurate (GML) inhibits human T cell signaling and function by disrupting lipid dynamics. Scientific reports. 2016 07; 6(?):30225. doi: 10.1038/srep30225. [PMID: 27456316]
  • Michael S Zhang, Jon C D Houtman. Human Serum Albumin (HSA) Suppresses the Effects of Glycerol Monolaurate (GML) on Human T Cell Activation and Function. PloS one. 2016; 11(10):e0165083. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165083. [PMID: 27764189]
  • Donavon J Hess, Michelle J Henry-Stanley, Carol L Wells. The Natural Surfactant Glycerol Monolaurate Significantly Reduces Development of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis Biofilms. Surgical infections. 2015 Oct; 16(5):538-42. doi: 10.1089/sur.2014.162. [PMID: 26110557]
  • Bo Kyeong Yoon, Joshua A Jackman, Min Chul Kim, Nam-Joon Cho. Spectrum of Membrane Morphological Responses to Antibacterial Fatty Acids and Related Surfactants. Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids. 2015 Sep; 31(37):10223-32. doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02088. [PMID: 26325618]
  • M Wieland, B K Weber, A Hafner-Marx, C Sauter-Louis, J Bauer, G Knubben-Schweizer, M Metzner. A controlled trial on the effect of feeding dietary chestnut extract and glycerol monolaurate on liver function in newborn calves. Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition. 2015 Feb; 99(1):190-200. doi: 10.1111/jpn.12179. [PMID: 24605953]
  • Satoshi Wakisaka, Takahisa Nishimura, Shoichi Gohtani. O/W nano-emulsion formation using an isothermal low-energy emulsification method in a mixture of polyglycerol polyricinoleate and hexaglycerol monolaurate with glycerol system. Journal of oleo science. 2015; 64(4):405-13. doi: 10.5650/jos.ess14229. [PMID: 25766932]
  • Patrick M Schlievert, Joseph A Merriman, Wilmara Salgado-Pabón, Elizabeth A Mueller, Adam R Spaulding, Bao G Vu, Olivia N Chuang-Smith, Petra L Kohler, John R Kirby. Menaquinone analogs inhibit growth of bacterial pathogens. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 2013 Nov; 57(11):5432-7. doi: 10.1128/aac.01279-13. [PMID: 23959313]
  • Vijaya Manohar, Bobby Echard, Nicholas Perricone, Cass Ingram, Mary Enig, Debasis Bagchi, Harry G Preuss. In vitro and in vivo effects of two coconut oils in comparison to monolaurin on Staphylococcus aureus: rodent studies. Journal of medicinal food. 2013 Jun; 16(6):499-503. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2012.0066. [PMID: 23767861]
  • S Siavash Saei-Dehkordi, Aziz A Fallah, S Saeid Saei-Dehkordi, Sanaz Kousha. Chemical composition and antioxidative activity of Echinophora platyloba DC. essential oil, and its interaction with natural antimicrobials against food-borne pathogens and spoilage organisms. Journal of food science. 2012 Nov; 77(11):M631-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02956.x. [PMID: 23106123]
  • Pussadee Tangwatcharin, Prapaporn Khopaibool. Activity of virgin coconut oil, lauric acid or monolaurin in combination with lactic acid against Staphylococcus aureus. The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health. 2012 Jul; 43(4):969-85. doi: . [PMID: 23077821]
  • Claire Berton, Claude Genot, Dominique Guibert, Marie-Hélène Ropers. Effect of lateral heterogeneity in mixed surfactant-stabilized interfaces on the oxidation of unsaturated lipids in oil-in-water emulsions. Journal of colloid and interface science. 2012 Jul; 377(1):244-50. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.03.084. [PMID: 22525896]
  • Colleen K Lambertz, Christopher J Johnson, Paul G Montgomery, James R Maxwell, Stefanie J Fry. Toxicity of topical lidocaine applied to the breasts to reduce discomfort during screening mammography. Journal of anaesthesiology, clinical pharmacology. 2012 Apr; 28(2):200-4. doi: 10.4103/0970-9185.94859. [PMID: 22557743]
  • K Lester, R S Simmonds. Zoocin A and lauricidin in combination reduce Streptococcus mutans growth in a multispecies biofilm. Caries research. 2012; 46(3):185-93. doi: 10.1159/000337307. [PMID: 22508519]
  • Basavaraj K Nanjwade, Didhija J Patel, Ritesh A Udhani, Fakirappa V Manvi. Functions of lipids for enhancement of oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Scientia pharmaceutica. 2011 Oct; 79(4):705-27. doi: 10.3797/scipharm.1105-09. [PMID: 22145101]
  • Fenja Klevenhusen, Leo Meile, Michael Kreuzer, Carla R Soliva. Effects of monolaurin on ruminal methanogens and selected bacterial species from cattle, as determined with the rumen simulation technique. Anaerobe. 2011 Oct; 17(5):232-8. doi: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2011.07.003. [PMID: 21787874]
  • Ian E Cock, Liisa Kukkonen. An examination of the medicinal potential of Scaevola spinescens: Toxicity, antibacterial, and antiviral activities. Pharmacognosy research. 2011 Apr; 3(2):85-94. doi: 10.4103/0974-8490.81955. [PMID: 21772751]
  • Claire Berton, Claude Genot, Marie-Hélène Ropers. Quantification of unadsorbed protein and surfactant emulsifiers in oil-in-water emulsions. Journal of colloid and interface science. 2011 Feb; 354(2):739-48. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.11.055. [PMID: 21167495]
  • Rajesh Arora, R Chawla, Rohit Marwah, P Arora, R K Sharma, Vinod Kaushik, R Goel, A Kaur, M Silambarasan, R P Tripathi, J R Bhardwaj. Potential of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Preventive Management of Novel H1N1 Flu (Swine Flu) Pandemic: Thwarting Potential Disasters in the Bud. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM. 2011; 2011(?):586506. doi: 10.1155/2011/586506. [PMID: 20976081]
  • J Bruce German, Cora J Dillard. Saturated fats: a perspective from lactation and milk composition. Lipids. 2010 Oct; 45(10):915-23. doi: 10.1007/s11745-010-3445-9. [PMID: 20652757]
  • Fenja Klevenhusen, Stefano M Bernasconi, Thomas B Hofstetter, Jakov Bolotin, Carmen Kunz, Carla R Soliva. Efficiency of monolaurin in mitigating ruminal methanogenesis and modifying C-isotope fractionation when incubating diets composed of either C3 or C4 plants in a rumen simulation technique (Rusitec) system. The British journal of nutrition. 2009 Nov; 102(9):1308-17. doi: 10.1017/s0007114509990262. [PMID: 19505345]
  • Harry G Preuss, Bobby Echard, Mary Enig, Itzhak Brook, Thomas B Elliott. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of herbal essential oils and monolaurin for gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Molecular and cellular biochemistry. 2005 Apr; 272(1-2):29-34. doi: 10.1007/s11010-005-6604-1. [PMID: 16010969]
  • Tomoko Konishi, Hideo Satsu, Yasuo Hatsugai, Koichi Aizawa, Takahiro Inakuma, Shinji Nagata, Sho-Hei Sakuda, Hiromichi Nagasawa, Makoto Shimizu. Inhibitory effect of a bitter melon extract on the P-glycoprotein activity in intestinal Caco-2 cells. British journal of pharmacology. 2004 Oct; 143(3):379-87. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705804. [PMID: 15351776]
  • Greg A Kossena, William N Charman, Ben J Boyd, Christopher J H Porter. A novel cubic phase of medium chain lipid origin for the delivery of poorly water soluble drugs. Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society. 2004 Sep; 99(2):217-29. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2004.06.013. [PMID: 15380632]
  • Muriel Dufour, Robin S Simmonds, Phil J Bremer. Development of a laboratory scale clean-in-place system to test the effectiveness of "natural" antimicrobials against dairy biofilms. Journal of food protection. 2004 Jul; 67(7):1438-43. doi: 10.4315/0362-028x-67.7.1438. [PMID: 15270498]
  • Jingsong Cao, Paul Burn, Yuguang Shi. Properties of the mouse intestinal acyl-CoA:monoacylglycerol acyltransferase, MGAT2. The Journal of biological chemistry. 2003 Jul; 278(28):25657-63. doi: 10.1074/jbc.m302835200. [PMID: 12730219]
  • A O Gill, P Delaquis, P Russo, R A Holley. Evaluation of antilisterial action of cilantro oil on vacuum packed ham. International journal of food microbiology. 2002 Feb; 73(1):83-92. doi: 10.1016/s0168-1605(01)00712-7. [PMID: 11883677]
  • I Kanesaka, K Shimizu. Infrared intensity and morphology of l-monolaurin-water systems. Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy. 2000 Feb; 56(3):523-9. doi: 10.1016/s1386-1425(99)00143-2. [PMID: 10794466]
  • J R Dave, M L Koenig, F C Tortella, R A Pieringer, B P Doctor, H S Ved. Dodecylglycerol provides partial protection against glutamate toxicity in neuronal cultures derived from different regions of embryonic rat brain. Molecular and chemical neuropathology. 1997 Jan; 30(1-2):1-13. doi: 10.1007/bf02815146. [PMID: 9138422]
  • N Yamamoto, V R Naraparaju. Vitamin D3-binding protein as a precursor for macrophage activating factor in the inflammation-primed macrophage activation cascade in rats. Cellular immunology. 1996 Jun; 170(2):161-7. doi: 10.1006/cimm.1996.0148. [PMID: 8660814]
  • Y Maitani, K Shimada, T Nagai. l-Menthol, oleic acid and lauricidin in absorption enhancement of free and sodium salt of diclofenac using ethanol treated silicone membrane as model for skin. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin. 1996 Feb; 44(2):403-8. doi: 10.1248/cpb.44.403. [PMID: 8998843]
  • M Robinson, R Burdine, T R Warne. Inhibition of phorbol ester-stimulated arachidonic acid release by alkylglycerols. Biochimica et biophysica acta. 1995 Feb; 1254(3):361-7. doi: 10.1016/0005-2760(94)00200-i. [PMID: 7857977]
  • M P Haynes, H R Buckley, M L Higgins, R A Pieringer. Synergism between the antifungal agents amphotericin B and alkyl glycerol ethers. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 1994 Jul; 38(7):1523-9. doi: 10.1128/aac.38.7.1523. [PMID: 7979283]
  • N Yamamoto, N P Willett, D D Lindsay. Participation of serum proteins in the inflammation-primed activation of macrophages. Inflammation. 1994 Jun; 18(3):311-22. doi: 10.1007/bf01534272. [PMID: 8088927]
  • N Yamamoto, R Kumashiro. Conversion of vitamin D3 binding protein (group-specific component) to a macrophage activating factor by the stepwise action of beta-galactosidase of B cells and sialidase of T cells. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950). 1993 Sep; 151(5):2794-802. doi: NULL. [PMID: 8360493]
  • B Z Ngwenya, N P Fiavey, M M Mogashoa. Anti-neoplastic action of peritoneal macrophages following oral administration of ether analogues of lysophospholipids. European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990). 1992; 28A(10):1637-42. doi: 10.1016/0959-8049(92)90058-a. [PMID: 1389479]
  • N Yamamoto, S Homma, J G Haddad, M A Kowalski. Vitamin D3 binding protein required for in vitro activation of macrophages after alkylglycerol treatment of mouse peritoneal cells. Immunology. 1991 Nov; 74(3):420-4. doi: NULL. [PMID: 1769691]
  • H S Ved, E Gustow, R A Pieringer. Regulation of neuronal differentiation in neuron-enriched primary cultures from embryonic rat cerebra by platelet activating factor and the structurally related glycerol ether lipid, dodecylglycerol. Journal of neuroscience research. 1991 Oct; 30(2):353-8. doi: 10.1002/jnr.490300211. [PMID: 1798056]
  • B Z Ngwenya, D M Foster. Enhancement of antibody production by lysophosphatidylcholine and alkylglycerol. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.). 1991 Jan; 196(1):69-75. doi: 10.3181/00379727-196-43165. [PMID: 1984244]
  • S Homma, I Millman, N Yamamoto. A serum factor for macrophage activation after in vitro dodecylglycerol treatment of mouse lymphocytes. Immunology and cell biology. 1990 Apr; 68 ( Pt 2)(?):137-42. doi: 10.1038/icb.1990.19. [PMID: 1696561]
  • S Homma, N Yamamoto. Activation process of macrophages after in vitro treatment of mouse lymphocytes with dodecylglycerol. Clinical and experimental immunology. 1990 Feb; 79(2):307-13. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1990.tb05195.x. [PMID: 2178824]
  • H S Ved, E Gustow, R A Pieringer. Synergism between penicillin G and the antimicrobial ether lipid, rac-1-dodecylglycerol, acting below its critical micelle concentration. Lipids. 1990 Feb; 25(2):119-21. doi: 10.1007/bf02562216. [PMID: 2329923]
  • E A Cabacungan, E Gustow, R A Pieringer. In vivo studies on stereospecificity of the monoglyceride kinase, lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase, phosphatidic acid phosphatase and CDP-diglyceride synthase of Streptococcus mutans BHT using the stereoisomers of the ether lipid, dodecylglycerol. Biochimica et biophysica acta. 1988 Sep; 962(2):241-7. doi: 10.1016/0005-2760(88)90166-x. [PMID: 2844276]
  • J L Brissette, E A Cabacungan, R A Pieringer. Studies on the antibacterial activity of dodecylglycerol. Its limited metabolism and inhibition of glycerolipid and lipoteichoic acid biosynthesis in Streptococcus mutans BHT. The Journal of biological chemistry. 1986 May; 261(14):6338-45. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)84568-4. [PMID: 3634775]
  • N Weber. Metabolism of orally administered rac-1-O-[1'-14C]dodecylglycerol and nutritional effects of dietary rac-1-O-dodecylglycerol in mice. Journal of lipid research. 1985 Dec; 26(12):1412-20. doi: NULL. [PMID: 4086944]