Brimonidine (BioDeep_00000006624)
Secondary id: BioDeep_00001867998
human metabolite blood metabolite Chemicals and Drugs
代谢物信息卡片
5-bromo-N-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)quinoxalin-6-amine
化学式: C11H10BrN5 (291.012)
中文名称: 溴莫尼定
谱图信息:
最多检出来源 Rattus norvegicus(blood) 4.19%
分子结构信息
SMILES: BrC1=C(NC2=NCCN2)C=CC2=NC=CN=C12
InChI: InChI=1S/C11H10BrN5/c12-9-7(17-11-15-5-6-16-11)1-2-8-10(9)14-4-3-13-8/h1-4H,5-6H2,(H2,15,16,17)
描述信息
Brimonidine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a drug used to treat glaucoma. It acts via decreasing aqueous humor synthesis. [Wikipedia]Brimonidine is an alpha adrenergic receptor agonist (primarily alpha-2). It has a peak ocular hypotensive effect occurring at two hours post-dosing. Fluorophotometric studies in animals and humans suggest that Brimonidine has a dual mechanism of action by reducing aqueous humor production and increasing uveoscleral outflow.
S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01E - Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics > S01EA - Sympathomimetics in glaucoma therapy
S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01G - Decongestants and antiallergics > S01GA - Sympathomimetics used as decongestants
C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C87053 - Adrenergic Agonist
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D000322 - Adrenergic Agonists
C78283 - Agent Affecting Organs of Special Senses > C29705 - Anti-glaucoma Agent
D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents
D - Dermatologicals
Brimonidine (UK 14304) is a full α2-adrenergic receptor (α2-AR) agonist.
同义名列表
26 个代谢物同义名
5-bromo-N-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)quinoxalin-6-amine; 5-Bromo-6-(2-imidazolin-2-ylamino)quinoxaline D-tartrate; 5-Bromo-6-(imidazolidinylideneamino)quinoxaline; Brimonidine tartrate (1:1), (S-(r*,r*))-isomer; 5-Bromo-6-(2-imidazolin-2-ylamino)quinoxaline; 5-Bromo-6-(imidazolin-2-ylamino)quinoxaline; Brimonidine tartrate, (R-(r*,r*))-isomer; Brimonidine tartrate (1:1); Tartrate, brimonidine; Brimonidine tartrate; Purite, brimonidine; Brimonidine purite; Ratio brimonidine; Ratio-brimonidine; RatioBrimonidine; Brimonidinum; brimonidine; Bromoxidine; Brimonidina; Alphagan p; Alphagan; Sanrosa; Mirvaso; UK 14304; AGN190342; Brimonidine
数据库引用编号
20 个数据库交叉引用编号
- ChEBI: CHEBI:3175
- KEGG: C07886
- KEGG: C75796
- KEGGdrug: D07540
- PubChem: 2435
- HMDB: HMDB0014627
- Metlin: METLIN66757
- DrugBank: DB00484
- ChEMBL: CHEMBL844
- Wikipedia: Brimonidine
- MeSH: Brimonidine Tartrate
- chemspider: 2341
- CAS: 59803-98-4
- PMhub: MS000019693
- PubChem: 10088
- PDB-CCD: J59
- NIKKAJI: J23.694B
- RefMet: Brimonidine
- medchemexpress: HY-B0659
- KNApSAcK: 3175
分类词条
相关代谢途径
Reactome(0)
BioCyc(0)
PlantCyc(0)
代谢反应
0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。
Reactome(0)
BioCyc(0)
WikiPathways(0)
Plant Reactome(0)
INOH(0)
PlantCyc(0)
COVID-19 Disease Map(0)
PathBank(0)
PharmGKB(0)
1 个相关的物种来源信息
在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：
- PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
- NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
- Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
- Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。
点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。
文献列表
- Taiichiro Chikama, Koichiro Shinji, Chika Yokota, Ken Hayashi, Yoshiaki Kiuchi. Inflammatory Cells and Lipid Deposits Detected by in Vivo Confocal Microscopy in Brimonidine Tartrate Ophthalmic Solution-Related Corneal Disorders: A Case Series.
Ocular immunology and inflammation.
2023 Nov; 31(9):1842-1847. doi:
10.1080/09273948.2022.2137045. [PMID: 36306423] - Xiaohui Wang, Rui Zhang, Bin Chen, Ting Zhang, Xinghua Jin, Ping Gao. Preliminary evaluation of the efficacy and safety of brimonidine for deep sedation.
Fundamental & clinical pharmacology.
2023 Aug; ?(?):. doi:
10.1111/fcp.12944. [PMID: 37612481] - Yunli Xu, Hongyi Li. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of brimonidine loaded silica nanoparticles-laden silicone contact lenses to manage glaucoma.
Journal of biomaterials applications.
2022 08; 37(2):333-343. doi:
10.1177/08853282221090880. [PMID: 35482359] - Iria Brocos-Mosquera, Ane M Gabilondo, Rebeca Diez-Alarcia, Carolina Muguruza, Amaia M Erdozain, J Javier Meana, Luis F Callado. α2A- and α2C-adrenoceptor expression and functionality in postmortem prefrontal cortex of schizophrenia subjects.
European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology.
2021 11; 52(?):3-11. doi:
10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.05.012. [PMID: 34237656] - Prakash K Soni, T R Saini. Formulation design and optimization of cationic-charged liposomes of brimonidine tartrate for effective ocular drug delivery by design of experiment (DoE) approach.
Drug development and industrial pharmacy.
2021 Nov; 47(11):1847-1866. doi:
10.1080/03639045.2022.2070198. [PMID: 35484943] - Mark J Henderson, Kathleen A Trychta, Shyh-Ming Yang, Susanne Bäck, Adam Yasgar, Emily S Wires, Carina Danchik, Xiaokang Yan, Hideaki Yano, Lei Shi, Kuo-Jen Wu, Amy Q Wang, Dingyin Tao, Gergely Zahoránszky-Kőhalmi, Xin Hu, Xin Xu, David Maloney, Alexey V Zakharov, Ganesha Rai, Fumihiko Urano, Mikko Airavaara, Oksana Gavrilova, Ajit Jadhav, Yun Wang, Anton Simeonov, Brandon K Harvey. A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
Cell reports.
2021 04; 35(4):109040. doi:
10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109040. [PMID: 33910017] - Sven Schnichels, José Hurst, Jan Willem de Vries, Sami Ullah, Katharina Frößl, Agnieszka Gruszka, Marina Löscher, Karl-Ulrich Bartz-Schmidt, Martin S Spitzer, Andreas Herrmann. Improved Treatment Options for Glaucoma with Brimonidine-Loaded Lipid DNA Nanoparticles.
ACS applied materials & interfaces.
2021 Mar; 13(8):9445-9456. doi:
10.1021/acsami.0c18626. [PMID: 33528240] - Gen Suzuki, Eriko Kunikane, Wakasa Shigemi, Keisuke Shinno, Seiko Kozai, Masaaki Kurata, Akio Kawamura. Ocular and systemic pharmacokinetics of brimonidine and brinzolamide after topical administration in rabbits: comparison between fixed-combination and single-drug formulations.
Current eye research.
2021 03; 46(3):380-386. doi:
10.1080/02713683.2020.1800046. [PMID: 32706598] - Yuka Kasuya, Ichiya Sano, Shinji Makino. Interstitial Keratitis with Lipid Keratopathy Mimicking Corneal Opacity Induced by Brimonidine Tartrate Eye Drops.
Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde.
2020 12; 237(12):1466-1467. doi:
10.1055/a-1265-7105. [PMID: 33285590] - Tobie D Lee, Olivia W Lee, Kyle R Brimacombe, Lu Chen, Rajarshi Guha, Sabrina Lusvarghi, Bethilehem G Tebase, Carleen Klumpp-Thomas, Robert W Robey, Suresh V Ambudkar, Min Shen, Michael M Gottesman, Matthew D Hall. A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
Molecular pharmacology.
2019 11; 96(5):629-640. doi:
10.1124/mol.119.115964. [PMID: 31515284] - Sang M Lee, Ji-Eun Lee, Sung I Kim, Jae H Jung, Jonghoon Shin. Effect of topical glaucoma medication on tear lipid layer thickness in patients with unilateral glaucoma.
Indian journal of ophthalmology.
2019 08; 67(8):1297-1302. doi:
10.4103/ijo.ijo_2100_18. [PMID: 31332113] - Xi Han, Yang Liu, Wendy R Kam, David A Sullivan. Effect of brimonidine, an α2 adrenergic agonist, on human meibomian gland epithelial cells.
Experimental eye research.
2018 05; 170(?):20-28. doi:
10.1016/j.exer.2018.02.009. [PMID: 29452108] - Xiaochen Pang, Jiawei Li, Jiaxin Pi, Dongli Qi, Pan Guo, Nan Li, Yumei Wu, Zhidong Liu. Increasing efficacy and reducing systemic absorption of brimonidine tartrate ophthalmic gels in rabbits.
Pharmaceutical development and technology.
2018 Mar; 23(3):231-239. doi:
10.1080/10837450.2017.1328693. [PMID: 28488447] - Noha S El-Salamouni, Ragwa M Farid, Amal H El-Kamel, Safaa S El-Gamal. Nanostructured lipid carriers for intraocular brimonidine localisation: development, in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation.
Journal of microencapsulation.
2018 Jan; 35(1):102-113. doi:
10.1080/02652048.2018.1425753. [PMID: 29310481] - Alexandra Robciuc, Joanna Witos, Suvi-Katriina Ruokonen, Antti H Rantamäki, Pierre-Jean Pisella, Susanne K Wiedmer, Juha M Holopainen. Pure Glaucoma Drugs Are Toxic to Immortalized Human Corneal Epithelial Cells, but They Do Not Destabilize Lipid Membranes.
Cornea.
2017 Oct; 36(10):1249-1255. doi:
10.1097/ico.0000000000001322. [PMID: 28825921] - Martin Steinhoff, Martin Schmelz, Jürgen Schauber. Facial Erythema of Rosacea - Aetiology, Different Pathophysiologies and Treatment Options.
Acta dermato-venereologica.
2016 Jun; 96(5):579-86. doi:
10.2340/00015555-2335. [PMID: 26714888] - Chelvin C A Sng, Maria Cecilia D Aquino, Jiemin Liao, Ce Zheng, Marcus Ang, Paul T K Chew. Anterior segment morphology after acute primary angle closure treatment: a randomised study comparing iridoplasty and medical therapy.
The British journal of ophthalmology.
2016 Apr; 100(4):542-8. doi:
10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-307087. [PMID: 26294102] - Noha S El-Salamouni, Ragwa M Farid, Amal H El-Kamel, Safaa S El-Gamal. Effect of sterilization on the physical stability of brimonidine-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers.
International journal of pharmaceutics.
2015 Dec; 496(2):976-83. doi:
10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.10.043. [PMID: 26498372] - Ko Eun Kim, Inseok Jang, Hyungwon Moon, Yu Jeong Kim, Jin Wook Jeoung, Ki Ho Park, Hyuncheol Kim. Neuroprotective Effects of Human Serum Albumin Nanoparticles Loaded With Brimonidine on Retinal Ganglion Cells in Optic Nerve Crush Model.
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.
2015 Aug; 56(9):5641-9. doi:
10.1167/iovs.15-16538. [PMID: 26313300] - N Lamas-Doménech, H Collgros. Facial erythema: keys to the differential diagnosis.
Actas dermo-sifiliograficas.
2015 Jun; 106(5):427-9. doi:
10.1016/j.ad.2014.10.005. [PMID: 25433765] - Jie Shen, Chandra Durairaj, Ton Lin, Yan Liu, James Burke. Ocular pharmacokinetics of intravitreally administered brimonidine and dexamethasone in animal models with and without blood-retinal barrier breakdown.
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.
2014 Feb; 55(2):1056-66. doi:
10.1167/iovs.13-13650. [PMID: 24448267] - Chi-Ting Horng, Ming-Liang Tsai, Shang-Tao Chien, Wei-Tsung Kao, Ming-Kai Tsai, Tsung-Hsung Chang, Fu-An Chen. The activity of lowering intraocular pressure of cassiae seed extract in a DBA/2J mouse glaucoma model.
Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics.
2013 Feb; 29(1):48-54. doi:
10.1089/jop.2011.0214. [PMID: 23039184] - Yasuto Kido, Pär Matsson, Kathleen M Giacomini. Profiling of a prescription drug library for potential renal drug-drug interactions mediated by the organic cation transporter 2.
Journal of medicinal chemistry.
2011 Jul; 54(13):4548-58. doi:
10.1021/jm2001629. [PMID: 21599003] - Rana Sorkhabi, Amir Ghorbanihaghjo, Alireza Javadzadeh, Nadereh Rashtchizadeh, Melorina Moharrery. Oxidative DNA damage and total antioxidant status in glaucoma patients.
Molecular vision.
2011 Jan; 17(?):41-6. doi:
NULL. [PMID: 21245957] - Jorge A Alvarado, Rumiko Iguchi, Richard Juster, Julie A Chen, Amde Selassie Shifera. From the bedside to the bench and back again: predicting and improving the outcomes of SLT glaucoma therapy.
Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society.
2009 Dec; 107(?):167-81. doi:
. [PMID: 20126493] - Jennifer A Steiner, Ana Marin D Carneiro, Jane Wright, Heinrich J G Matthies, Harish C Prasad, Christian K Nicki, Wolfgang R Dostmann, Carrie C Buchanan, Jackie D Corbin, Sharron H Francis, Randy D Blakely. cGMP-dependent protein kinase Ialpha associates with the antidepressant-sensitive serotonin transporter and dictates rapid modulation of serotonin uptake.
Molecular brain.
2009 Aug; 2(?):26. doi:
10.1186/1756-6606-2-26. [PMID: 19656393] - Sónia Simão, Sónia Fraga, Pedro A Jose, Patrício Soares-da-Silva. Oxidative stress plays a permissive role in alpha2-adrenoceptor-mediated events in immortalized SHR proximal tubular epithelial cells.
Molecular and cellular biochemistry.
2008 Aug; 315(1-2):31-9. doi:
10.1007/s11010-008-9785-6. [PMID: 18491035] - Jesús Sáiz, Angel Pazos, Elena Del Olmo, Vanesa Sáiz, Adela Sánchez. Yohimbine-induced alterations in alpha(2)-adrenoceptors in kidney regions of the spontaneously hypertensive rats: an autoradiographic analysis.
Pharmacological reports : PR.
2008 May; 60(3):391-8. doi:
. [PMID: 18622064] - Edwin K Jackson, Delbert G Gillespie, Chongxue Zhu, Jin Ren, Lefteris C Zacharia, Zaichuan Mi. Alpha2-adrenoceptors enhance angiotensin II-induced renal vasoconstriction: role for NADPH oxidase and RhoA.
Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979).
2008 Mar; 51(3):719-26. doi:
10.1161/hypertensionaha.107.096297. [PMID: 18250367] - John Guy, Gerry Shaw, Fred N Ross-Cisneros, Peter Quiros, Solange R Salomao, Adriana Berezovsky, Valerio Carelli, William J Feuer, Alfredo A Sadun. Phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain is a marker of neurodegeneration in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON).
Molecular vision.
2008; 14(?):2443-50. doi:
NULL. [PMID: 19104679] - S Suwanwipat, C Buranakarl, N Chaiyabutr. Effects of brimonidine ingestion on cardiovascular responses and renal function in conscious dogs.
Veterinary research communications.
2007 Apr; 31(3):323-34. doi:
10.1007/s11259-006-3414-1. [PMID: 17195055] - J Ni, J Rowe, T Heidelbaugh, S Sinha, A Acheampong. Characterization of benzimidazole and other oxidative and conjugative metabolites of brimonidine in vitro and in rats in vivo using on-line HID exchange LC-MS/MS and stable-isotope tracer techniques.
Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems.
2007 Feb; 37(2):205-20. doi:
10.1080/00498250601047897. [PMID: 17484522] - Steven C Prinster, Tomas G Holmqvist, Randy A Hall. Alpha2C-adrenergic receptors exhibit enhanced surface expression and signaling upon association with beta2-adrenergic receptors.
The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.
2006 Sep; 318(3):974-81. doi:
10.1124/jpet.106.106526. [PMID: 16757535] - Daniel S Evanko, Manimekalai M Thiyagarajan, Satoshi Takida, Philip B Wedegaertner. Loss of association between activated Galpha q and Gbetagamma disrupts receptor-dependent and receptor-independent signaling.
Cellular signalling.
2005 Oct; 17(10):1218-28. doi:
10.1016/j.cellsig.2004.12.008. [PMID: 16038796] - Edwin K Jackson, Liping Gao, Chongxue Zhu. Mechanism of the vascular angiotensin II/alpha2-adrenoceptor interaction.
The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.
2005 Sep; 314(3):1109-16. doi:
10.1124/jpet.105.086074. [PMID: 15901799] - Maria Petersson, Zaida Diaz-Cabiale, José Angel Narváez, Kjell Fuxe, Kerstin Uvnäs-Moberg. Oxytocin increases the density of high affinity alpha(2)-adrenoceptors within the hypothalamus, the amygdala and the nucleus of the solitary tract in ovariectomized rats.
Brain research.
2005 Jul; 1049(2):234-9. doi:
10.1016/j.brainres.2005.05.034. [PMID: 15967417] - Qing Yang, Regina Alemany, Jesús Casas, Klára Kitajka, Stephen M Lanier, Pablo V Escribá. Influence of the membrane lipid structure on signal processing via G protein-coupled receptors.
Molecular pharmacology.
2005 Jul; 68(1):210-7. doi:
10.1124/mol.105.011692. [PMID: 15837842] - Eddy H T Wu, Yung H Wong. Involvement of G i/o proteins in nerve growth factor-stimulated phosphorylation and degradation of tuberin in PC-12 cells and cortical neurons.
Molecular pharmacology.
2005 Apr; 67(4):1195-205. doi:
10.1124/mol.104.007237. [PMID: 15626752] - Tuire Olli-Lähdesmäki, Mikael Tiger, Minna Vainio, Mika Scheinin, Jaana Kallio. Ligand-induced alpha2-adrenoceptor endocytosis: relationship to Gi protein activation.
Biochemical and biophysical research communications.
2004 Aug; 321(1):226-33. doi:
10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.06.131. [PMID: 15358239] - Ullrich Hoffmann, Saskia Kuno, Gerd Franke, Christoph Fusch, Johannes P Haas. Adrenoceptor agonist poisoning after accidental oral ingestion of brimonidine eye drops.
Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies.
2004 May; 5(3):282-5. doi:
10.1097/01.pcc.0000123548.73664.18. [PMID: 15115569] - Janaina P Dina, Teresa Feres, Antonio C M Paiva, Therezinha B Paiva. Role of membrane potential and expression of endothelial factors in restenosis after angioplasty in SHR.
Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979).
2004 Jan; 43(1):131-5. doi:
10.1161/01.hyp.0000105300.74809.4f. [PMID: 14638626] - José Melena, Neville N Osborne. Metipranolol attenuates lipid peroxidation in rat brain: a comparative study with other antiglaucoma drugs.
Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie.
2003 Oct; 241(10):827-33. doi:
10.1007/s00417-003-0726-5. [PMID: 12898280] - Ritu Chatrath, Karen L Ronningen, Peter LaBreche, Sandra R Severson, Muthuvel Jayachandran, Margarita P Bracamonte, Virginia M Miller. Effect of puberty on coronary arteries from female pigs.
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985).
2003 Oct; 95(4):1672-80. doi:
10.1152/japplphysiol.00099.2003. [PMID: 12794029] - Ritu Chatrath, Karen L Ronningen, Sandra R Severson, Peter LaBreche, Muthuvel Jayachandran, Margarita P Bracamonte, Virginia M Miller. Endothelium-dependent responses in coronary arteries are changed with puberty in male pigs.
American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology.
2003 Sep; 285(3):H1168-76. doi:
10.1152/ajpheart.00029.2003. [PMID: 12738626] - Marc Brede, Gabor Nagy, Melanie Philipp, Jakob B Sorensen, Martin J Lohse, Lutz Hein. Differential control of adrenal and sympathetic catecholamine release by alpha 2-adrenoceptor subtypes.
Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.).
2003 Aug; 17(8):1640-6. doi:
10.1210/me.2003-0035. [PMID: 12764077] - Twum-Ampofo Ansah, Sammanda Ramamoorthy, Sylvia Montañez, Lynette C Daws, Randy D Blakely. Calcium-dependent inhibition of synaptosomal serotonin transport by the alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist 5-bromo-N-[4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-6-quinoxalinamine (UK14304).
The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.
2003 Jun; 305(3):956-65. doi:
10.1124/jpet.102.047134. [PMID: 12626658] - Liping Gao, Chongxue Zhu, Edwin K Jackson. alpha 2-Adrenoceptors potentiate angiotensin II- and vasopressin-induced renal vasoconstriction in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.
2003 May; 305(2):581-6. doi:
10.1124/jpet.102.047647. [PMID: 12606648] - Alie Kanu, John N Fain, Suleiman W Bahouth, George S M Cowan. Regulation of leptin release by insulin, glucocorticoids, G(i)-coupled receptor agonists, and pertussis toxin in adipocytes and adipose tissue explants from obese humans in primary culture.
Metabolism: clinical and experimental.
2003 Jan; 52(1):60-6. doi:
10.1053/meta.2003.50005. [PMID: 12524663] - John J Cai, Donald A Morgan, William G Haynes, James B Martins, Hon-Chi Lee. Alpha 2-Adrenergic stimulation is protective against ischemia-reperfusion-induced ventricular arrhythmias in vivo.
American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology.
2002 Dec; 283(6):H2606-11. doi:
10.1152/ajpheart.00156.2002. [PMID: 12427600] - Oliver Vonend, Vitus Oberhauser, Ivar von Kügelgen, Thomas W Apel, Kerstin Amann, Eberhard Ritz, Lars Christian Rump. ATP release in human kidney cortex and its mitogenic effects in visceral glomerular epithelial cells.
Kidney international.
2002 May; 61(5):1617-26. doi:
10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00315.x. [PMID: 11967011] - K Orito, M Kishi, T Imaizumi, T Nakazawa, A Hashimoto, T Mori, T Kambe. alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist properties of OPC-28326, a novel selective peripheral vasodilator.
British journal of pharmacology.
2001 Oct; 134(4):763-70. doi:
10.1038/sj.bjp.0704309. [PMID: 11606316] - S Akerman, D J Williamson, R G Hill, P J Goadsby. The effect of adrenergic compounds on neurogenic dural vasodilatation.
European journal of pharmacology.
2001 Jul; 424(1):53-8. doi:
10.1016/s0014-2999(01)01111-6. [PMID: 11470260] - M E Landis, E C Ray, P Gloviczki, V M Miller. Effects of dietary L-arginine on structure and function of flow-restricted vein grafts.
Journal of vascular surgery.
2001 Apr; 33(4):829-39. doi:
10.1067/mva.2001.111987. [PMID: 11296339] - M J García-Barrado, C Sancho, M C Iglesias-Osma, J Moratinos. Effects of verapamil and elgodipine on isoprenaline-induced metabolic responses in rabbits.
European journal of pharmacology.
2001 Mar; 415(1):105-15. doi:
10.1016/s0014-2999(01)00808-1. [PMID: 11245858] - P Imbeault, C Couillard, A Tremblay, J P Després, P Mauriège. Reduced alpha(2)-adrenergic sensitivity of subcutaneous abdominal adipocytes as a modulator of fasting and postprandial triglyceride levels in men.
Journal of lipid research.
2000 Sep; 41(9):1367-75. doi:
. [PMID: 10974043] - D N Tzovolou, F Lamari, E K Mela, S P Gartaganis, N K Karamanos. Capillary electrophoretic analysis of brimonidine in aqueous humor of the eye and blood sera and relation of its levels with intraocular pressure.
Biomedical chromatography : BMC.
2000 Aug; 14(5):301-5. doi:
10.1002/1099-0801(200008)14:5<301::aid-bmc4>3.0.co;2-q. [PMID: 10960828] - J Béïque, C de Montigny, P Blier, G Debonnel. Effects of sustained administration of the serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor venlafaxine: II. In vitro studies in the rat.
Neuropharmacology.
2000 Jul; 39(10):1813-22. doi:
10.1016/s0028-3908(00)00018-6. [PMID: 10884562] - F E Albrecht, J Xu, O W Moe, U Hopfer, W F Simonds, J Orlowski, P A Jose. Regulation of NHE3 activity by G protein subunits in renal brush-border membranes.
American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology.
2000 Apr; 278(4):R1064-73. doi:
10.1152/ajpregu.2000.278.4.r1064. [PMID: 10749796] - L P Perrault, F Mahlberg, C Breugnot, J P Bidouard, N Villeneuve, J P Vilaine, P M Vanhoutte. Hypercholesterolemia increases coronary endothelial dysfunction, lipid content, and accelerated atherosclerosis after heart transplantation.
Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.
2000 Mar; 20(3):728-36. doi:
10.1161/01.atv.20.3.728. [PMID: 10712398] - K L Pierce, S Maudsley, Y Daaka, L M Luttrell, R J Lefkowitz. Role of endocytosis in the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase cascade by sequestering and nonsequestering G protein-coupled receptors.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
2000 Feb; 97(4):1489-94. doi:
10.1073/pnas.97.4.1489. [PMID: 10677489] - W D Clouse, K S Rud, R D Hurt, V M Miller. Short-term treatment with transdermal nicotine affects the function of canine saphenous veins.
Vascular medicine (London, England).
2000; 5(2):75-82. doi:
10.1177/1358836x0000500203. [PMID: 10943583] - C Pagès, A Rey, M Lafontan, P Valet, J S Saulnier-Blache. Ca(2+)-independent phospholipase A2 is required for alpha2-adrenergic-induced preadipocyte spreading.
Biochemical and biophysical research communications.
1999 Nov; 265(2):572-6. doi:
10.1006/bbrc.1999.1726. [PMID: 10558911] - L Hein, J D Altman, B K Kobilka. Two functionally distinct alpha2-adrenergic receptors regulate sympathetic neurotransmission.
Nature.
1999 Nov; 402(6758):181-4. doi:
10.1038/46040. [PMID: 10647009] - N K Karamanos, F Lamari, J Katsimpris, S Gartaganis. Development of an HPLC method for determining the alpha 2-adrenergic receptor agonist brimonidine in blood serum and aqueous humor of the eye.
Biomedical chromatography : BMC.
1999 Feb; 13(1):86-8. doi:
10.1002/(sici)1099-0801(199902)13:1<86::aid-bmc816>3.0.co;2-5. [PMID: 10191952] - P M Lembo, M H Ghahremani, P R Albert. Receptor selectivity of the cloned opossum G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) in intact opossum kidney cells: role in desensitization of endogenous alpha2C-adrenergic but not serotonin 1B receptors.
Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.).
1999 Jan; 13(1):138-47. doi:
10.1210/mend.13.1.0217. [PMID: 9892019] - E C Ray, M E Landis, V M Miller. Effects of dietary L-arginine on the reactivity of canine coronary arteries.
Vascular medicine (London, England).
1999; 4(4):211-7. doi:
10.1177/1358836x9900400402. [PMID: 10613624] - M J García-Barrado, C Sancho, J Palomero, J Moratinos. Role of alpha2-adrenoceptors on the hyperglycaemic and insulin secretory effects derived from alpha1- and beta-adrenoceptor stimulation in the rabbit.
Journal of autonomic pharmacology.
1998 Oct; 18(5):287-95. doi:
10.1046/j.1365-2680.1998.18596.x. [PMID: 9831229] - D S Bahia, A Wise, F Fanelli, M Lee, S Rees, G Milligan. Hydrophobicity of residue351 of the G protein Gi1 alpha determines the extent of activation by the alpha 2A-adrenoceptor.
Biochemistry.
1998 Aug; 37(33):11555-62. doi:
10.1021/bi980284o. [PMID: 9708991] - S S Lim-Tio, P J Fuller. Intracellular signaling pathways confer specificity of transactivation by mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors.
Endocrinology.
1998 Apr; 139(4):1653-61. doi:
10.1210/endo.139.4.5928. [PMID: 9528946] - F M Mo, C Y Kwan. Alpha-adrenoceptor subtypes of dog saphenous vein: another unusual property.
Life sciences.
1998; 62(17-18):1455-9. doi:
10.1016/s0024-3205(98)00089-7. [PMID: 9585118] - P Soares-da-Silva, M A Vieira-Coelho. Nonneuronal dopamine.
Advances in pharmacology (San Diego, Calif.).
1998; 42(?):866-9. doi:
10.1016/s1054-3589(08)60884-4. [PMID: 9328035] - B A McCool, J P Pin, M M Harpold, P F Brust, K A Stauderman, D M Lovinger. Rat group I metabotropic glutamate receptors inhibit neuronal Ca2+ channels via multiple signal transduction pathways in HEK 293 cells.
Journal of neurophysiology.
1998 Jan; 79(1):379-91. doi:
10.1152/jn.1998.79.1.379. [PMID: 9425207] - M D Okusa, L Huang, A Momose-Hotokezaka, L P Huynh, A J Mangrum. Regulation of adenylyl cyclase in polarized renal epithelial cells by G protein-coupled receptors.
The American journal of physiology.
1997 12; 273(6):F883-91. doi:
10.1152/ajprenal.1997.273.6.f883. [PMID: 9435676] - P Mauriège, D Prud'Homme, M Marcotte, M Yoshioka, A Tremblay, J P Després. Regional differences in adipose tissue metabolism between sedentary and endurance-trained women.
The American journal of physiology.
1997 Sep; 273(3 Pt 1):E497-506. doi:
10.1152/ajpendo.1997.273.3.e497. [PMID: 9316438] - S Bétuing, P Valet, S Lapalu, D Peyroulan, G Hickson, D Daviaud, M Lafontan, J S Saulnier-Blache. Functional consequences of constitutively active alpha2A-adrenergic receptor expression in 3T3F442A preadipocytes and adipocytes.
Biochemical and biophysical research communications.
1997 Jun; 235(3):765-73. doi:
10.1006/bbrc.1997.6887. [PMID: 9207236] - J Hoffstedt, P Arner, G Hellers, F Lönnqvist. Variation in adrenergic regulation of lipolysis between omental and subcutaneous adipocytes from obese and non-obese men.
Journal of lipid research.
1997 Apr; 38(4):795-804. doi:
10.1016/s0022-2275(20)37246-1. [PMID: 9144094] - H D Intengan, D D Smyth. Alpha-2a/d adrenoceptor subtype stimulation by guanfacine increases osmolar clearance.
The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.
1997 Apr; 281(1):48-53. doi:
NULL. [PMID: 9103479] - H E Fessler, L Otterbein, H S Chung, A M Choi. Alpha-2 adrenoceptor blockade protects rats against lipopolysaccharide.
American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.
1996 Dec; 154(6 Pt 1):1689-93. doi:
10.1164/ajrccm.154.6.8970356. [PMID: 8970356] - C L Shi, J Sehlin, I B Täljedal. Effects of UK-14,304, noradrenaline, and propranolol on insulin release from transplanted mouse islets.
European journal of endocrinology.
1996 Dec; 135(6):724-8. doi:
10.1530/eje.0.1350724. [PMID: 9025719] - G Flügge. Alterations in the central nervous alpha 2-adrenoceptor system under chronic psychosocial stress.
Neuroscience.
1996 Nov; 75(1):187-96. doi:
10.1016/0306-4522(96)00292-8. [PMID: 8923533] - H D Intengan, D D Smyth. Clonidine-induced increase in osmolar clearance and free water clearance via activation of two distinct alpha 2-adrenoceptor sites.
British journal of pharmacology.
1996 Oct; 119(4):663-70. doi:
10.1111/j.1476-5381.1996.tb15724.x. [PMID: 8904639] - A A Acheampong, D S Chien, S Lam, S Vekich, A Breau, J Usansky, D Harcourt, S A Munk, H Nguyen, M Garst, D Tang-Liu. Characterization of brimonidine metabolism with rat, rabbit, dog, monkey and human liver fractions and rabbit liver aldehyde oxidase.
Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems.
1996 Oct; 26(10):1035-55. doi:
10.3109/00498259609167421. [PMID: 8905918] - H L Vikman, J M Savola, A Raasmaja, J J Ohisalo. Alpha 2A-adrenergic regulation of cyclic AMP accumulation and lipolysis in human omental and subcutaneous adipocytes.
International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity.
1996 Feb; 20(2):185-9. doi:
NULL. [PMID: 8646256] - O V Angelov, A G Wiese, D D Tang-Liu, A A Acheampong, I M Ismail, B S Brar. Preclinical safety profile of brimonidine.
European journal of ophthalmology.
1996 Jan; 6(1):21-5. doi:
10.1177/112067219600600106. [PMID: 8744846] - C Bohmann, W Rist, P Schollmeyer, L C Rump. Low concentrations of angiotensin II unmask vasoconstrictory alpha 2-adrenoceptors in isolated perfused kidneys of spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Cardiovascular research.
1995 Dec; 30(6):857-65. doi:
NULL. [PMID: 8746199] - E Guillot, R Morand, C Bouloy, M T Eon, I Angel. Involvement of alpha 2-adrenoceptors in metabolic and hormonal responses to a mixed meal in beagle dogs.
The American journal of physiology.
1995 Dec; 269(6 Pt 1):E991-5. doi:
10.1152/ajpendo.1995.269.6.e991. [PMID: 8572207] - L Wiklund, V M Miller, C G McGregor, P O Sjöquist, H Berggren, F Nilsson. Protective effects of an indenoindole antioxidant on coronary endothelial function after long-term storage.
Transplantation.
1995 Oct; 60(8):774-8. doi:
. [PMID: 7482733] - R Urban, B Szabo, K Starke. Involvement of peripheral presynaptic inhibition in the reduction of sympathetic tone by moxonidine, rilmenidine and UK 14304.
European journal of pharmacology.
1995 Aug; 282(1-3):29-37. doi:
10.1016/0014-2999(95)00265-m. [PMID: 7498287] - R Urban, B Szabo, K Starke. Involvement of alpha 2-adrenoceptors in the cardiovascular effects of moxonidine.
European journal of pharmacology.
1995 Aug; 282(1-3):19-28. doi:
10.1016/0014-2999(95)00297-x. [PMID: 7498275] - B Szabo, R Urban. Mechanism of sympathoinhibition by imidazolines.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.
1995 Jul; 763(?):552-65. doi:
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb32449.x. [PMID: 7677373] - A Acheampong, D D Tang-Liu. Measurement of brimonidine concentrations in human plasma by a highly sensitive gas chromatography/mass spectrometric assay.
Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.
1995 Jul; 13(8):995-1002. doi:
10.1016/0731-7085(95)01526-q. [PMID: 8580159] - H C Cable, A el-Mansoury, N G Morgan. Activation of alpha-2-adrenoceptors results in an increase in F-actin formation in HIT-T15 pancreatic B-cells.
The Biochemical journal.
1995 Apr; 307 ( Pt 1)(?):169-74. doi:
10.1042/bj3070169. [PMID: 7717971] - K Biyah, C Advenier. Effects of three alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists, rilmenidine, UK 14304 and clonidine on bradykinin- and substance P-induced airway microvascular leakage in guinea-pigs.
Neuropeptides.
1995 Apr; 28(4):197-207. doi:
10.1016/0143-4179(95)90023-3. [PMID: 7541119] - F Lönnqvist, A Thöme, K Nilsell, J Hoffstedt, P Arner. A pathogenic role of visceral fat beta 3-adrenoceptors in obesity.
The Journal of clinical investigation.
1995 Mar; 95(3):1109-16. doi:
10.1172/jci117758. [PMID: 7883959] - A Bousquet-Mélou, J Galitzky, M Lafontan, M Berlan. Control of lipolysis in intra-abdominal fat cells of nonhuman primates: comparison with humans.
Journal of lipid research.
1995 Mar; 36(3):451-61. doi:
10.1016/s0022-2275(20)39879-5. [PMID: 7775857] - C Bohmann, U Schaible, P Schollmeyer, L C Rump. Alpha 2D-adrenoceptors modulate renal noradrenaline release in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats.
European journal of pharmacology.
1994 Dec; 271(2-3):283-92. doi:
10.1016/0014-2999(94)90785-4. [PMID: 7705428] - A Bouloumié, V Planat, J C Devedjian, P Valet, J S Saulnier-Blache, M Record, M Lafontan. Alpha 2-adrenergic stimulation promotes preadipocyte proliferation. Involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinases.
The Journal of biological chemistry.
1994 Dec; 269(48):30254-9. doi:
10.1016/s0021-9258(18)43805-7. [PMID: 7982935] - R Urban, B Szabo, K Starke. Is the sympathoinhibitory effect of rilmenidine mediated by alpha-2 adrenoceptors or imidazoline receptors?.
The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.
1994 Aug; 270(2):572-8. doi:
. [PMID: 7915315] - A U Trendelenburg, N Limberger, L C Rump. Alpha 2-adrenergic receptors of the alpha 2c subtype mediate inhibition of norepinephrine release in human kidney cortex.
Molecular pharmacology.
1994 Jun; 45(6):1168-76. doi:
NULL. [PMID: 7912816]
