3-Hydroxyisovaleric acid (BioDeep_00000405359)

Main id: BioDeep_00000001232

Secondary id: BioDeep_00000595809

natural product PANOMIX_OTCML-2023 Volatile Flavor Compounds


代谢物信息卡片


3-Hydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acid

化学式: C5H10O3 (118.06299100000001)
中文名称: β-羟基异戊酸
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 Homo sapiens(blood) 29.29%

分子结构信息

SMILES: CC(C)(CC(=O)O)O
InChI: InChI=1S/C5H10O3/c1-5(2,8)3-4(6)7/h8H,3H2,1-2H3,(H,6,7)

描述信息

A 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is isovaleric acid substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group. Used as indicator of biotin deficiency.
3-Hydroxyisovaleric acid is a normal endogenous metabolite excreted in the urine. The urinary excretion of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid is early and sensitive indicator of biotin deficiency[1][2].
3-Hydroxyisovaleric acid is a normal endogenous metabolite excreted in the urine. The urinary excretion of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid is early and sensitive indicator of biotin deficiency[1][2].

同义名列表

4 个代谢物同义名

3-Hydroxyisovaleric acid; beta-Hydroxyisovaleric acid; 3-Hydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acid; 3-Hydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acid



数据库引用编号

25 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

PlantCyc(0)

代谢反应

0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

25 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。



文献列表

  • Mengliao Wan, Changbing Zheng, Jie Zheng, Geyan Duan, Jiayi Yu, Peiwen Zhang, Yulong Yin, Xichen Zhao. Different effects of dietary β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate on composition of fatty acid and free amino acid, and fatty metabolism in the different muscles of broilers. Poultry science. 2023 Aug; 102(10):103001. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103001. [PMID: 37604020]
  • Geyan Duan, Changbing Zheng, Jiayi Yu, Peiwen Zhang, Mengliao Wan, Jie Zheng, Yehui Duan. β-Hydroxy-β-methyl Butyrate Regulates the Lipid Metabolism, Mitochondrial Function, and Fat Browning of Adipocytes. Nutrients. 2023 May; 15(11):. doi: 10.3390/nu15112550. [PMID: 37299513]
  • Silvia Espina, Alejandro Sanz-Paris, Yolanda Gonzalez-Irazabal, Patricia Pérez-Matute, Fernando Andrade, Beatriz Garcia-Rodriguez, Christian Carpéné, Alexia Zakaroff, Vanesa Bernal-Monterde, Javier Fuentes-Olmo, Jose M Arbones-Mainar. Randomized Clinical Trial: Effects of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate (HMB)-Enriched vs. HMB-Free Oral Nutritional Supplementation in Malnourished Cirrhotic Patients. Nutrients. 2022 Jun; 14(11):. doi: 10.3390/nu14112344. [PMID: 35684144]
  • Jie Zheng, Hao Xiao, Yehui Duan, Bo Song, Changbing Zheng, Qiuping Guo, Fengna Li, Tiejun Li. Roles of amino acid derivatives in the regulation of obesity. Food & function. 2021 Jul; 12(14):6214-6225. doi: 10.1039/d1fo00780g. [PMID: 34105579]
  • Hidehiko Nakano, Hideki Hashimoto, Masaki Mochizuki, Hiromu Naraba, Yuji Takahashi, Tomohiro Sonoo, Yujiro Matsuishi, Yasuhiro Ogawa, Nobutake Shimojo, Yoshiaki Inoue, Kensuke Nakamura. Urinary Titin N-Fragment Evaluation in a Randomized Controlled Trial of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate for Acute Mild Trauma in Older Adults. Nutrients. 2021 Mar; 13(3):. doi: 10.3390/nu13030899. [PMID: 33802012]
  • Gabriella A M Ten Have, Lisa Jansen, Marieke G Schooneman, Marielle P K J Engelen, Nicolaas E P Deutz. Metabolic flux analysis of branched-chain amino and keto acids (BCAA, BCKA) and β-hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid across multiple organs in the pig. American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism. 2021 03; 320(3):E629-E640. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00384.2020. [PMID: 33522397]
  • Jiram Torres-Ruiz, Alfredo Pérez-Fragoso, José Luis Maravillas-Montero, Luis Llorente, Nancy R Mejía-Domínguez, José Carlos Páez-Franco, Sandra Romero-Ramírez, Victor Andrés Sosa-Hernández, Rodrigo Cervantes-Díaz, Abdiel Absalón-Aguilar, Miroslava Nuñez-Aguirre, Guillermo Juárez-Vega, David Meza-Sánchez, Ari Kleinberg-Bid, Thierry Hernández-Gilsoul, Alfredo Ponce-de-León, Diana Gómez-Martín. Redefining COVID-19 Severity and Prognosis: The Role of Clinical and Immunobiotypes. Frontiers in immunology. 2021; 12(?):689966. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.689966. [PMID: 34566957]
  • L-N Peng, Y-C Cheng, P-C Yu, W-J Lee, M-H Lin, L-K Chen. Oral Nutritional Supplement with β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) Improves Nutrition, Physical Performance and Ameliorates Intramuscular Adiposity in Pre-Frail Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. The journal of nutrition, health & aging. 2021; 25(6):767-773. doi: 10.1007/s12603-021-1621-7. [PMID: 34179932]
  • Hossein Shirvani, Saleh Rahmati-Ahmadabad, Elias Kowsari, Hillary Fry, Maryam Kazemi, Mojtaba Kaviani. Effects of 2-week HMB-FA supplementation with or without eccentric resistance exercise on expression of some genes related to muscle protein turnover and serum irisin and IGF-1 concentrations. Gene. 2020 Nov; 760(?):145018. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145018. [PMID: 32758580]
  • Milan Holeček, Melita Vodeničarovová, Radana Fingrová. Dual Effects of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate (HMB) on Amino Acid, Energy, and Protein Metabolism in the Liver and Muscles of Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Type 1 Diabetes. Biomolecules. 2020 10; 10(11):. doi: 10.3390/biom10111475. [PMID: 33114049]
  • Jinyu Wang, Can Cui, Yu Ning Chim, Hao Yao, Liu Shi, Jiankun Xu, Jiali Wang, Ronald Man Yeung Wong, Kwok-Sui Leung, Simon Kwoon-Ho Chow, Wing Hoi Cheung. Vibration and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate treatment suppresses intramuscular fat infiltration and adipogenic differentiation in sarcopenic mice. Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle. 2020 04; 11(2):564-577. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12535. [PMID: 31994349]
  • Liang Hu, Niels Bastian Kristensen, Uffe Krogh, Peter Kappel Theil. Net Absorption and Metabolism of β-Hydroxy- β-Methyl Butyrate during Late Gestation in a Pig Model. Nutrients. 2020 Feb; 12(2):. doi: 10.3390/nu12020561. [PMID: 32098129]
  • Casilda Olveira, Eva García-Escobar, Esperanza Doña, Francisco J Palenque, Nuria Porras, Antonio Dorado, Ana María Godoy, Elezahara Rubio-Martín, Francisco-Javier Bermúdez-Silva, Silvana Y Romero-Zerbo, Gemma Rojo Martínez, Rocío Martín-Valero, José Abuín Fernández, Gabriel Olveira. Oxidative and inflammatory effects of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with bronchiectasis. A prospective, randomized study. Nutricion hospitalaria. 2020 Feb; 37(1):6-13. doi: 10.20960/nh.02763. [PMID: 31960695]
  • You-Biao Ma, Feng-Dong Zhang, Jing Wang, Shu-Geng Wu, Guang-Hai Qi, Hai-Jun Zhang. Effect of in ovo feeding of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate on hatchability, muscle growth and performance in prenatal and posthatch broilers. Journal of the science of food and agriculture. 2020 Jan; 100(2):755-763. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.10080. [PMID: 31605375]
  • Yehui Duan, Yinzhao Zhong, Hao Xiao, Changbing Zheng, Bo Song, Wenlong Wang, Qiuping Guo, Yuying Li, Hui Han, Jing Gao, Kang Xu, Tiejun Li, Yulong Yin, Fengna Li, Jie Yin, Xiangfeng Kong. Gut microbiota mediates the protective effects of dietary β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) against obesity induced by high-fat diets. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 2019 09; 33(9):10019-10033. doi: 10.1096/fj.201900665rr. [PMID: 31167080]
  • Mélanie Leroux, Tristan Lemery, Nathalie Boulet, Anaïs Briot, Alexia Zakaroff, Anne Bouloumié, Fernando Andrade, Patricia Pérez-Matute, Jose M Arbones-Mainar, Christian Carpéné. Effects of the amino acid derivatives, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, taurine, and N-methyltyramine, on triacylglycerol breakdown in fat cells. Journal of physiology and biochemistry. 2019 Aug; 75(3):263-273. doi: 10.1007/s13105-019-00677-5. [PMID: 30919256]
  • Milan Holeček, Melita Vodeničarovová. Effects of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplementation on skeletal muscle in healthy and cirrhotic rats. International journal of experimental pathology. 2019 06; 100(3):175-183. doi: 10.1111/iep.12322. [PMID: 31321841]
  • Hossein Shirvani, Saleh Rahmati-Ahmadabad, David Robert Broom, Reza Mirnejad. Eccentric resistance training and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate free acid affects muscle PGC-1α expression and serum irisin, nesfatin-1 and resistin in rats. The Journal of experimental biology. 2019 05; 222(Pt 10):. doi: 10.1242/jeb.198424. [PMID: 31085594]
  • Yinzhao Zhong, Bo Song, Changbing Zheng, Fengna Li, Xiangfeng Kong, Yehui Duan, Jinping Deng. α-Ketoisocaproate and β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate regulate fatty acid composition and lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle of growing pigs. Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition. 2019 May; 103(3):846-857. doi: 10.1111/jpn.13077. [PMID: 30775808]
  • Monika Hułas-Stasiak, Joanna Jakubowicz-Gil, Piotr Dobrowolski, Ewa Tomaszewska, Siemowit Muszyński. Maternal β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation during pregnancy affects early folliculogenesis in the ovary of newborn piglets. Theriogenology. 2019 Apr; 128(?):91-100. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.02.003. [PMID: 30743108]
  • Irene De Biase, Marzia Pasquali, Alexander Asamoah. Unusual Metabolites in a Patient with Isovaleric Acidemia. Clinical chemistry. 2019 04; 65(4):595-597. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2018.300558. [PMID: 30923063]
  • D J Wilkinson, T Hossain, M C Limb, B E Phillips, J Lund, J P Williams, M S Brook, J Cegielski, A Philp, S Ashcroft, J A Rathmacher, N J Szewczyk, K Smith, P J Atherton. Impact of the calcium form of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate upon human skeletal muscle protein metabolism. Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland). 2018 12; 37(6 Pt A):2068-2075. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.09.024. [PMID: 29097038]
  • M Holeček, M Vodeničarovová. Effects of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate in partially hepatectomized rats. Physiological research. 2018 11; 67(5):741-751. doi: 10.33549/physiolres.933861. [PMID: 30044108]
  • Song-Gyu Ra, Teruo Miyazaki, Ryo Kojima, Shoichi Komine, Keisuke Ishikura, Kentaro Kawanaka, Akira Honda, Yasushi Matsuzaki, Hajime Ohmori. Effect of BCAA supplement timing on exercise-induced muscle soreness and damage: a pilot placebo-controlled double-blind study. The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness. 2018 Nov; 58(11):1582-1591. doi: 10.23736/s0022-4707.17.07638-1. [PMID: 28944645]
  • Yehui Duan, Lingyu Zhang, Fengna Li, Qiuping Guo, Cimin Long, Yulong Yin, Xiangfeng Kong, Mijun Peng, Wence Wang. β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate modulates lipid metabolism in adipose tissues of growing pigs. Food & function. 2018 Sep; 9(9):4836-4846. doi: 10.1039/c8fo00898a. [PMID: 30137075]
  • Mohammad Hossein Rahimi, Hamed Mohammadi, Hesam Eshaghi, Gholamreza Askari, Maryam Miraghajani. The Effects of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate Supplementation on Recovery Following Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of the American College of Nutrition. 2018 Sep; 37(7):640-649. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2018.1451789. [PMID: 29676656]
  • Noriko Wada, Yukinori Kurokawa, Koji Tanaka, Yasuhiro Miyazaki, Tomoki Makino, Tsuyoshi Takahashi, Hiroshi Wada, Makoto Yamasaki, Makoto Yamasaki, Kiyokazu Nakajima, Hidetoshi Eguchi, Shuji Takiguchi, Masaki Mori, Yuichiro Doki. Perioperative Nutritional Support With Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, Arginine, and Glutamine in Surgery for Abdominal Malignancies. Wounds : a compendium of clinical research and practice. 2018 Sep; 30(9):251-256. doi: NULL. [PMID: 30256751]
  • Galit Tal, Dalit E Dar, Anna Idin, Stanley H Korman, Elena Dumin. Argininemia, Hyperornithinemia, and 3-Hydroxyisovaleric Aciduria. Clinical chemistry. 2018 06; 64(6):978-980. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2018.286617. [PMID: 29844061]
  • Hafsa Majid, Lena Jafri, Aysha Habib Khan, Zeba Zulfiqar Ali, Azeema Jamil, Nasir Yusufzai, Midhat Fatimah, Bushra Afroze. Diagnostic dilemma of patients with methylmalonic aciduria: Experience from a tertiary care centre in Pakistan. JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association. 2018 Apr; 68(4):510-514. doi: NULL. [PMID: 29808036]
  • Grant M Tinsley, Amy H Givan, Austin J Graybeal, Michael I Villarreal, Austin G Cross. β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyrate free acid alters cortisol responses, but not myofibrillar proteolysis, during a 24-h fast. The British journal of nutrition. 2018 03; 119(5):517-526. doi: 10.1017/s0007114517003907. [PMID: 29508695]
  • Mitsutaka Yakabe, Sumito Ogawa, Hidetaka Ota, Katsuya Iijima, Masato Eto, Yasuyoshi Ouchi, Masahiro Akishita. Inhibition of interleukin-6 decreases atrogene expression and ameliorates tail suspension-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. PloS one. 2018; 13(1):e0191318. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191318. [PMID: 29351340]
  • Robert A Standley, Giovanna Distefano, Suzette L Pereira, Min Tian, Owen J Kelly, Paul M Coen, Nicolaas E P Deutz, Robert R Wolfe, Bret H Goodpaster. Effects of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate on skeletal muscle mitochondrial content and dynamics, and lipids after 10 days of bed rest in older adults. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985). 2017 Nov; 123(5):1092-1100. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00192.2017. [PMID: 28705993]
  • Andrea P Rossi, Alessia D'Introno, Sofia Rubele, Cesare Caliari, Stefano Gattazzo, Elena Zoico, Gloria Mazzali, Francesco Fantin, Mauro Zamboni. The Potential of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate as a New Strategy for the Management of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity. Drugs & aging. 2017 11; 34(11):833-840. doi: 10.1007/s40266-017-0496-0. [PMID: 29086232]
  • Yftach Gepner, Jay R Hoffman, Elad Shemesh, Jeffrey R Stout, David D Church, Alyssa N Varanoske, Hila Zelicha, Ilan Shelef, Yacov Chen, Hagai Frankel, Ishay Ostfeld. Combined effect of Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086 and HMB supplementation on muscle integrity and cytokine response during intense military training. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985). 2017 Jul; 123(1):11-18. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01116.2016. [PMID: 28408697]
  • Subramanian Ramachandran, Stefan Ehling, Sathyavageeswaran Shreeram, Todime M Reddy. The development and validation of a high-throughput LC-MS/MS method for the analysis of endogenous β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate in human plasma. Biomedical chromatography : BMC. 2017 Jul; 31(7):. doi: 10.1002/bmc.3904. [PMID: 27882562]
  • Tao Sun, Ying Wu, Xueping Wu, Haifeng Ma. Metabolomic profiles investigation on athletes' urine 35 minutes after an 800-meter race. The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness. 2017 Jun; 57(6):839-849. doi: 10.23736/s0022-4707.17.06254-5. [PMID: 26699119]
  • Dominique Roland, Patrice Jissendi-Tchofo, Gilbert Briand, Joseph Vamecq, Monique Fontaine, Vincent Ultré, Cécile Acquaviva-Bourdain, Karine Mention, Dries Dobbelaere. Coupled brain and urine spectroscopy - in vivo metabolomic characterization of HMG-CoA lyase deficiency in 5 patients. Molecular genetics and metabolism. 2017 06; 121(2):111-118. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2017.03.006. [PMID: 28396157]
  • Michael Munroe, Yair Pincu, Jennifer Merritt, Adam Cobert, Ryan Brander, Tor Jensen, Justin Rhodes, Marni D Boppart. Impact of β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on age-related functional deficits in mice. Experimental gerontology. 2017 01; 87(Pt A):57-66. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.11.010. [PMID: 27887984]
  • Dillon K Walker, John J Thaden, Agata Wierzchowska-McNew, Marielle P K J Engelen, Nicolaas E P Deutz. Determination of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate concentration and enrichment in human plasma using chemical ionization gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2017 Jan; 1040(?):233-238. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.11.010. [PMID: 27856194]
  • Peter J Fitschen, Annabel Biruete, Jinny Jeong, Kenneth R Wilund. Efficacy of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplementation in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Hemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis. 2017 01; 21(1):107-116. doi: 10.1111/hdi.12440. [PMID: 27302563]
  • Gabriel Olveira, Casilda Olveira, Esperanza Doña, Francisco Javier Palenque, Nuria Porras, Antonio Dorado, Ana M Godoy, Elehazara Rubio-Martínez, Gemma Rojo-Martínez, Rocío Martín-Valero. Oral supplement enriched in HMB combined with pulmonary rehabilitation improves body composition and health related quality of life in patients with bronchiectasis (Prospective, Randomised Study). Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland). 2016 10; 35(5):1015-22. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2015.10.001. [PMID: 26522923]
  • Jamie K Schnuck, Michele A Johnson, Lacey M Gould, Nicholas P Gannon, Roger A Vaughan. Acute β-Hydroxy-β-Methyl Butyrate Suppresses Regulators of Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Lipid Oxidation While Increasing Lipid Content in Myotubes. Lipids. 2016 10; 51(10):1127-1136. doi: 10.1007/s11745-016-4193-2. [PMID: 27600148]
  • Katarzyna A Szcześniak, Anna Ciecierska, Piotr Ostaszewski, Tomasz Sadkowski. Characterisation of equine satellite cell transcriptomic profile response to β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB). The British journal of nutrition. 2016 Oct; 116(8):1315-1325. doi: 10.1017/s000711451600324x. [PMID: 27691998]
  • Rebecca Kuriyan, Deepa P Lokesh, Sumithra Selvam, J Jayakumar, Mamatha G Philip, Sathyavageeswaran Shreeram, Anura V Kurpad. The relationship of endogenous plasma concentrations of β-Hydroxy β-Methyl Butyrate (HMB) to age and total appendicular lean mass in humans. Experimental gerontology. 2016 08; 81(?):13-8. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.04.013. [PMID: 27108182]
  • Sathyavageeswaran Shreeram, Subbarayan Ramesh, Jithesh K Puthan, Gayathri Balakrishnan, Ramachandran Subramanian, Murali Todime Reddy, Suzette L Pereira. Age associated decline in the conversion of leucine to β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate in rats. Experimental gerontology. 2016 07; 80(?):6-11. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.03.021. [PMID: 27073170]
  • Maha H Sharawy, Mohammed S El-Awady, Nirmeen Megahed, Nariman M Gameil. The ergogenic supplement β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) attenuates insulin resistance through suppressing GLUT-2 in rat liver. Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology. 2016 May; 94(5):488-97. doi: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0385. [PMID: 26871756]
  • Haifeng Wan, Jiatao Zhu, Guoqi Su, Yan Liu, Lun Hua, Liang Hu, Caimei Wu, Ruinan Zhang, Pan Zhou, Yong Shen, Yan Lin, Shengyu Xu, Zhengfeng Fang, Lianqiang Che, Bin Feng, De Wu. Dietary supplementation with β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate calcium during the early postnatal period accelerates skeletal muscle fibre growth and maturity in intra-uterine growth-retarded and normal-birth-weight piglets. The British journal of nutrition. 2016 04; 115(8):1360-9. doi: 10.1017/s0007114516000465. [PMID: 26917333]
  • Minayuki Shirato, Yosuke Tsuchiya, Teruyuki Sato, Saki Hamano, Takeshi Gushiken, Naoto Kimura, Eisuke Ochi. Effects of combined β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) and whey protein ingestion on symptoms of eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 2016; 13(?):7. doi: 10.1186/s12970-016-0119-x. [PMID: 26933398]
  • John C Fuller, Rick L Sharp, Hector F Angus, Paul Y Khoo, John A Rathmacher. Comparison of availability and plasma clearance rates of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate delivery in the free acid and calcium salt forms. The British journal of nutrition. 2015 Nov; 114(9):1403-9. doi: 10.1017/s0007114515003050. [PMID: 26373270]
  • Y Ogura, N Yuki, A Sukegane, T Nishi, Y Miyake, H Sato, C Miyamoto, C Mihara. Treatment of pressure ulcers in patients with declining renal function using arginine, glutamine and ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate. Journal of wound care. 2015 Oct; 24(10):478-82. doi: 10.12968/jowc.2015.24.10.478. [PMID: 26488739]
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  • Michael A Puskarich, Michael A Finkel, Alla Karnovsky, Alan E Jones, Julie Trexel, Brooke N Harris, Kathleen A Stringer. Pharmacometabolomics of l-carnitine treatment response phenotypes in patients with septic shock. Annals of the American Thoracic Society. 2015 Jan; 12(1):46-56. doi: 10.1513/annalsats.201409-415oc. [PMID: 25496487]
  • Ai Tsuji, Toshinobu Nakamura, Katsumi Shibata. Biotin-deficient diet induces chromosome misalignment and spindle defects in mouse oocytes. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry. 2015; 79(2):292-9. doi: 10.1080/09168451.2014.968090. [PMID: 25301108]
  • Cydne A Perry, Allyson A West, Antoinette Gayle, Lauren K Lucas, Jian Yan, Xinyin Jiang, Olga Malysheva, Marie A Caudill. Pregnancy and lactation alter biomarkers of biotin metabolism in women consuming a controlled diet. The Journal of nutrition. 2014 Dec; 144(12):1977-84. doi: 10.3945/jn.114.194472. [PMID: 25122647]
  • Sathyavageeswaran Shreeram, Paul W Johns, Swaminathan Subramaniam, Subbarayan Ramesh, Vadakkanchery Vaidyanathan, Jithesh K Puthan, Shibajee Mandal, Vijay Kumar Mamidi, Richard W Gelling. The relative bioavailability of the calcium salt of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate is greater than that of the free fatty acid form in rats. The Journal of nutrition. 2014 Oct; 144(10):1549-55. doi: 10.3945/jn.114.196527. [PMID: 25143371]
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