Cyanuric acid (BioDeep_00000002124)

 

Secondary id: BioDeep_00001867702

human metabolite PANOMIX_OTCML-2023 natural product


代谢物信息卡片


1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triol (acd/name 4.0)

化学式: C3H3N3O3 (129.0174)
中文名称: 三聚氰酸, 氰尿酸
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 Homo sapiens(blood) 12.97%

分子结构信息

SMILES: C1(=O)NC(=O)NC(=O)N1
InChI: InChI=1S/C3H3N3O3/c7-1-4-2(8)6-3(9)5-1/h(H3,4,5,6,7,8,9)

描述信息

Because of their trifunctionality, CYA is a precursor to crosslinking agents, especially for polyurethane resins. Cyanuric acid or 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triol is a chemical compound with the formula (CNOH)3. Like many industrially useful chemicals, this triazine has many synonyms. This white, odorless solid finds use as a precursor or a component of bleaches, disinfectants, and herbicides. In 1997, worldwide production was 160 million kilograms.

同义名列表

48 个代谢物同义名

1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triol (acd/name 4.0); Cyanuric acid, cupric ammonia (+2) salt; 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4, 6(1H,3H,5H)-trione; 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione; 2,4,6-Trioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine; Cyanuric acid, monopotassium salt; S-Triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione; 2,4,6-Trihydroxy-1,3,5-triazine; Cyanuric acid, monosodium salt; Cyanuric acid, potassium salt; Cyanuric acid, trisodium salt; Cyanuric acid, disodium salt; 2,4,6-Trihydroxy-S-triazine; 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triol; Cyanuric acid, sodium salt; 1,3,5-Triazin-2,4,6-triol; Trichloroisocyanuric acid; 2,4,6-Trihydroxytriazine; Sym-triazine-2,4,6-triol; S-Triazine-2,4,6-trione; S-Triazine-2,4,6-triol; S-2,4,6-Triazinetriol; Triazine-2,4,6-triol; 5-Azabarbituric acid; 2,4,6-Triazinetrione; Pseudocyanuric acid; Trihydroxycyanidine; Kyselina kyanurova; Sym-triazinetriol; Isocyanurate acid; S-Triazinetrione; Isocyanuric acid; S-Triazinetriol; Isocyanursaeure; Isozyanursaeure; Tricyanic acid; isocyanic acid; CYANURIC ACID; Tricarbimide; Cyanursaure; cyanic acid; Zyanursaure; symclosene; Isocyanate; Cyanurate; Cyanate; Cyanuric acid; Cyanuric acid



数据库引用编号

20 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(1)

PlantCyc(0)

代谢反应

5 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(5)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

10 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。

亚细胞结构定位 关联基因列表
Cytoplasm 10 ALB, BCL2, CA1, CA3, CASP3, CAT, CLU, DPYD, HPGDS, ZIC1
Peripheral membrane protein 1 CLU
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane 3 BCL2, GRIN2A, SPP1
Mitochondrion membrane 1 CLU
Nucleus 5 ALB, BCL2, CASP3, CLU, ZIC1
cytosol 11 ALB, B2M, BCL2, CA1, CA3, CASP3, CAT, CLU, DPYD, GPT, HPGDS
mitochondrial membrane 1 CLU
centrosome 1 ALB
nucleoplasm 3 CASP3, HPGDS, ZIC1
Cell membrane 4 B2M, GRIN2A, HAVCR1, SPP1
Cytoplasmic side 1 CLU
Early endosome membrane 1 B2M
Multi-pass membrane protein 2 GRIN2A, SPP1
Synapse 2 CLU, GRIN2A
cell surface 4 B2M, CLU, GRIN2A, HAVCR1
glutamatergic synapse 2 CASP3, GRIN2A
Golgi apparatus 4 ALB, B2M, CLU, SPP1
Golgi membrane 1 B2M
lysosomal membrane 1 B2M
mitochondrial inner membrane 1 CLU
neuronal cell body 1 CASP3
presynaptic membrane 1 GRIN2A
synaptic vesicle 1 GRIN2A
Cytoplasm, cytosol 1 CLU
Lysosome 1 SGSH
plasma membrane 4 B2M, GRIN2A, HAVCR1, SPP1
Membrane 4 B2M, BCL2, CAT, GRIN2A
extracellular exosome 9 ALB, B2M, CA1, CAT, CLU, GPT, LCN2, SGSH, SPP1
endoplasmic reticulum 5 ALB, B2M, BCL2, CLU, GRIN2A
extracellular space 8 ALB, B2M, CCL2, CLU, IL10, IL4, LCN2, SPP1
lysosomal lumen 1 SGSH
perinuclear region of cytoplasm 2 CLU, SPP1
mitochondrion 3 BCL2, CAT, CLU
protein-containing complex 4 ALB, BCL2, CAT, CLU
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle 3 CAT, CLU, HPGDS
postsynaptic density 2 CASP3, GRIN2A
Single-pass type I membrane protein 1 HAVCR1
Secreted 8 ALB, B2M, CCL2, CLU, IL10, IL4, LCN2, SPP1
extracellular region 9 ALB, B2M, CAT, CCL2, CLU, IL10, IL4, LCN2, SPP1
Mitochondrion outer membrane 1 BCL2
Single-pass membrane protein 1 BCL2
mitochondrial outer membrane 1 BCL2
mitochondrial matrix 1 CAT
Cytoplasmic vesicle lumen 1 LCN2
anchoring junction 1 ALB
motile cilium 1 HAVCR1
Nucleus membrane 1 BCL2
Bcl-2 family protein complex 1 BCL2
nuclear membrane 1 BCL2
external side of plasma membrane 1 B2M
dendritic spine 1 GRIN2A
postsynaptic membrane 1 GRIN2A
Cytoplasm, perinuclear region 1 CLU
pore complex 1 BCL2
focal adhesion 2 B2M, CAT
Peroxisome 1 CAT
Peroxisome matrix 1 CAT
peroxisomal matrix 1 CAT
peroxisomal membrane 1 CAT
Cell projection, dendritic spine 1 GRIN2A
collagen-containing extracellular matrix 1 CLU
Postsynaptic cell membrane 1 GRIN2A
neuron projection 1 GRIN2A
ciliary basal body 1 ALB
Late endosome membrane 1 B2M
cell projection 1 SPP1
phagocytic vesicle membrane 1 B2M
centriole 1 ALB
spindle pole 1 ALB
blood microparticle 2 ALB, CLU
Recycling endosome membrane 1 B2M
Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane 1 GRIN2A
myelin sheath 1 BCL2
[Isoform 4]: Cytoplasm 1 CLU
synaptic membrane 1 GRIN2A
Microsome 1 CLU
ficolin-1-rich granule lumen 1 CAT
secretory granule lumen 1 CAT
HFE-transferrin receptor complex 1 B2M
endoplasmic reticulum lumen 3 ALB, B2M, SPP1
platelet alpha granule lumen 2 ALB, CLU
specific granule lumen 2 B2M, LCN2
tertiary granule lumen 1 B2M
postsynaptic density membrane 1 GRIN2A
ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane 1 B2M
NMDA selective glutamate receptor complex 1 GRIN2A
apical dendrite 1 CLU
death-inducing signaling complex 1 CASP3
MHC class I peptide loading complex 1 B2M
spherical high-density lipoprotein particle 1 CLU
[Isoform 1]: Secreted 1 CLU
MHC class I protein complex 1 B2M
MHC class II protein complex 1 B2M
catalase complex 1 CAT
neurofibrillary tangle 1 CLU
Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, chromaffin granule 1 CLU
chromaffin granule 1 CLU
BAD-BCL-2 complex 1 BCL2
[Isoform 6]: Cytoplasm 1 CLU
perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum lumen 1 CLU
ciliary transition fiber 1 ALB
early endosome lumen 1 B2M
Cytoplasmic granule lumen 1 LCN2


文献列表

  • Wei Sun, Xuanyin Zhao, Yiwen Wan, Yang Yang, Xiaoliang Li, Xiao Chen, Yazi Mei, Lei An. Prenatal cyanuric acid exposure induced spatial learning impairments associated with alteration of acetylcholine-mediated neural information flow at the hippocampal CA3-CA1 synapses of male rats. Human & experimental toxicology. 2023 Jan; 42(?):9603271231163477. doi: 10.1177/09603271231163477. [PMID: 36890733]
  • Wei Sun, Xiao Chen, Yazi Mei, Xiaoliang Li, Yang Yang, Lei An. Co-exposure of melamine and cyanuric acid as a risk factor for oxidative stress and energy metabolism: Adverse effects on hippocampal neuronal and synaptic function induced by excessive ROS production. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety. 2022 Dec; 247(?):114230. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114230. [PMID: 36306617]
  • Wei Sun, Yang Yang, Xiao Chen, Yazi Mei, Xiaoliang Li, Lei An. Prenatal cyanuric acid exposure disrupts cognitive flexibility and mGluR1-mediated hippocampal long-term depression in male rats. Toxicology letters. 2022 Nov; 370(?):74-84. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.09.012. [PMID: 36152796]
  • Wei Sun, Yang Yang, Yazi Mei, Yuanhua Wu, Xiao Chen, Lei An. Prenatal cyanuric acid exposure depresses hippocampal synaptic plasticity and induces spatial learning and memory deficits. Toxicology letters. 2022 Jan; 354(?):24-32. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.10.012. [PMID: 34757177]
  • Wei Sun, Yang Yang, Zexiang Wu, Xiao Chen, Wen Li, Lei An. Chronic Cyanuric Acid Exposure Depresses Hippocampal LTP but Does Not Disrupt Spatial Learning or Memory in the Morris Water Maze. Neurotoxicity research. 2021 Aug; 39(4):1148-1159. doi: 10.1007/s12640-021-00355-9. [PMID: 33751468]
  • Sijie Wang, Jingwen Zhang, Shaozhi Zhang, Feifei Shi, Daofu Feng, Xizeng Feng. Exposure to Melamine cyanuric acid in adolescent mice caused emotional disorder and behavioral disorder. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety. 2021 Mar; 211(?):111938. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111938. [PMID: 33476844]
  • Jianqiu Guo, Chunhua Wu, Jiming Zhang, Xiuli Chang, Yubin Zhang, Yang Cao, Zhijun Zhou. Associations of melamine and cyanuric acid exposure with markers of kidney function in adults: Results from NHANES 2003-2004. Environment international. 2020 08; 141(?):105815. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105815. [PMID: 32480140]
  • Xianrong Xu, Jing Lu, Hongqiang Sheng, Long Zhang, Tieer Gan, Jianyun Zhang, Yuying Xu, Xinqiang Zhu, Jun Yang. Evaluation of the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects by melamine and cyanuric acid co-exposure in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas. 2020; 53(5):e9331. doi: 10.1590/1414-431x20209331. [PMID: 32348426]
  • Hongkai Zhu, Bommanna G Loganathan, Kurunthachalam Kannan. Occurrence and Profiles of Melamine and Cyanuric Acid in Bovine Feed and Urine from China, India, and the United States. Environmental science & technology. 2019 06; 53(12):7029-7035. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.9b00469. [PMID: 31063362]
  • Cleo Tebby, Céline Brochot, Jean-Lou Dorne, Rémy Beaudouin. Investigating the interaction between melamine and cyanuric acid using a Physiologically-Based Toxicokinetic model in rainbow trout. Toxicology and applied pharmacology. 2019 05; 370(?):184-195. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.03.021. [PMID: 30922832]
  • Sheela Sathyanarayana, Joseph T Flynn, Mary Jo Messito, Rachel Gross, Kathryn B Whitlock, Kurunthachalam Kannan, Rajendiran Karthikraj, Debra Morrison, Maryann Huie, Dimitri Christakis, Leonardo Trasande. Melamine and cyanuric acid exposure and kidney injury in US children. Environmental research. 2019 04; 171(?):18-23. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.10.038. [PMID: 30641369]
  • Hongkai Zhu, Kurunthachalam Kannan. Inter-day and inter-individual variability in urinary concentrations of melamine and cyanuric acid. Environment international. 2019 02; 123(?):375-381. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.12.018. [PMID: 30572169]
  • Ke Shi, Seunghee Cho, Kelly G Aukema, Thomas Lee, Asim K Bera, Jennifer L Seffernick, Lawrence P Wackett, Hideki Aihara. Crystal structures of Moorella thermoacetica cyanuric acid hydrolase reveal conformational flexibility and asymmetry important for catalysis. PloS one. 2019; 14(6):e0216979. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216979. [PMID: 31181074]
  • Laura M Suppes, Kacey C Ernst, Leif Abrell, Kelly A Reynolds. Validation of Questionnaire Methods to Quantify Recreational Water Ingestion. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2018 11; 15(11):. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15112435. [PMID: 30388798]
  • Feifei Wang, Qiaojuan Liu, Lizi Jin, Shan Hu, Renfei Luo, Mengke Han, Yonggong Zhai, Weidong Wang, Chunling Li. Combination exposure of melamine and cyanuric acid is associated with polyuria and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in rats. American journal of physiology. Renal physiology. 2018 08; 315(2):F199-F210. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00609.2017. [PMID: 29592526]
  • Rajendiran Karthikraj, Rasya Bollapragada, Kurunthachalam Kannan. Melamine and its derivatives in dog and cat urine: An exposure assessment study. Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987). 2018 Jul; 238(?):248-254. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.089. [PMID: 29567446]
  • Rong H Yin, Qiao Dong, Hua S Li, Jing Yuan, Xi T Li, Rong L Yin, Wen Li, Wen C Wang, Bao S Liu, Xiao H Han, Ren F Wang, Xin Wang, Wen L Bai. The effects of melamine with or without cyanuric acid on immune function in ovalbumin-sensitized mice. Research in veterinary science. 2017 Oct; 114(?):254-261. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.05.015. [PMID: 28527399]
  • Ricardo Cantú, Jody A Shoemaker, Catherine A Kelty, Larry J Wymer, Thomas D Behymer, Alfred P Dufour, Matthew L Magnuson. Integrated preservation and sample clean up procedures for studying water ingestion by recreational swimmers via urinary biomarker determination. Analytica chimica acta. 2017 Aug; 982(?):104-111. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.06.012. [PMID: 28734349]
  • A P Dufour, T D Behymer, R Cantú, M Magnuson, L J Wymer. Ingestion of swimming pool water by recreational swimmers. Journal of water and health. 2017 Jun; 15(3):429-437. doi: 10.2166/wh.2017.255. [PMID: 28598347]
  • Camila S Silva, Ching-Wei Chang, Denita Williams, Patricia Porter-Gill, Gonçalo Gamboa da Costa, Luísa Camacho. Effects of a 28-day dietary co-exposure to melamine and cyanuric acid on the levels of serum microRNAs in male and female Fisher 344 rats. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association. 2016 Dec; 98(Pt A):11-16. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.09.013. [PMID: 27621052]
  • In-Chul Lee, Je-Won Ko, Sung-Hyeuk Park, In-Sik Shin, Changjong Moon, Sung-Ho Kim, Yun-Bae Kim, Jong-Choon Kim. Melamine and cyanuric acid co-exposure causes renal dysfunction and structural damage via MAPKs and mitochondrial signaling. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association. 2016 Oct; 96(?):254-62. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.08.013. [PMID: 27523292]
  • Huiying Sun, Kaizhong Wang, Haiyan Wei, Zhe Li, Hui Zhao. Cytotoxicity, organ distribution and morphological effects of melamine and cyanuric acid in rats. Toxicology mechanisms and methods. 2016 Sep; 26(7):501-510. doi: 10.1080/15376516.2016.1201559. [PMID: 27427087]
  • D Zapletal, E Straková, P Novák, P Suchý. Broiler chickens exposed to melamine and cyanuric acid-contaminated diets. Human & experimental toxicology. 2016 Jul; 35(7):760-6. doi: 10.1177/0960327115604201. [PMID: 26347297]
  • Rong H Yin, Xi T Li, Xin Wang, Hua S Li, Rong L Yin, Jiao Liu, Qiao Dong, Wen C Wang, Jing Yuan, Bao S Liu, Xiao H Han, Jian B He, Wen L Bai. The effects of melamine on humoral immunity with or without cyanuric acid in mice. Research in veterinary science. 2016 Apr; 105(?):65-73. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.01.016. [PMID: 27033911]
  • Martha Sinclair, Felicity Roddick, Stephen Grist, Thang Nguyen, Joanne O'Toole, Karin Leder. Variability in 24 hour excretion of cyanuric acid: implications for water exposure assessment. Journal of water and health. 2016 Apr; 14(2):192-8. doi: 10.2166/wh.2015.230. [PMID: 27105404]
  • X Li, G Wu, P Shang, J Bao, J Lu, Z Yue. Anti-nephrolithic potential of catechin in melamine-related urolithiasis via the inhibition of ROS, apoptosis, phospho-p38, and osteopontin in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Free radical research. 2015 Oct; 49(10):1249-58. doi: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1061187. [PMID: 26059739]
  • Jennifer L Murphy, Michael J Arrowood, Xin Lu, Michele C Hlavsa, Michael J Beach, Vincent R Hill. Effect of cyanuric acid on the inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum under hyperchlorination conditions. Environmental science & technology. 2015 Jun; 49(12):7348-55. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00962. [PMID: 26042636]
  • Andriy Tkachenko, James Clark, Natalie Knutson, Betzy Wallace, Malgorzata Bomba, Michele Yacopucci, Blaine Rhodes, Sarah M Nemser, Jake Guag, Renate Reimschuessel. Investigation of melamine and cyanuric acid deposition in pig tissues using LC-MS/MS methods. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association. 2015 Jun; 80(?):310-318. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.03.007. [PMID: 25818466]
  • W Phromkunthong, P Choochuay, V Kiron, N Nuntapong, M Boonyaratpalin. Pathophysiological changes associated with dietary melamine and cyanuric acid toxicity in red tilapia. Journal of fish diseases. 2015 Feb; 38(2):161-73. doi: 10.1111/jfd.12219. [PMID: 24428523]
  • Dandan Chen, Qiong Wu, Jun Wang, Qi Wang, Heng Qiao. Spectroscopic analyses and studies on respective interaction of cyanuric acid and uric acid with bovine serum albumin and melamine. Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy. 2015 Jan; 135(?):511-20. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.07.038. [PMID: 25123940]
  • Jinhui Xie, Dandan Chen, Qiong Wu, Jun Wang, Heng Qiao. Spectroscopic analyses on interaction of melamine, cyanuric acid and uric acid with DNA. Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy. 2015; 149(?):714-21. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.04.060. [PMID: 25988817]
  • O J Bandele, C B Stine, M Ferguson, T Black, N Olejnik, Z Keltner, E R Evans, T C Crosby, R Reimschuessel, R L Sprando. Use of urinary renal biomarkers to evaluate the nephrotoxic effects of melamine or cyanuric acid in non-pregnant and pregnant rats. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association. 2014 Dec; 74(?):301-8. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.10.013. [PMID: 25455896]
  • Haiyan Liu, Min Xue, Jia Wang, Jing Qiu, Xiufeng Wu, Yinhua Zheng, Junguo Li, Yuchang Qin. Tissue deposition and residue depletion in rainbow trout following continuous voluntary feeding with various levels of melamine or a blend of melamine and cyanuric acid. Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP. 2014 Nov; 166(?):51-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2014.07.001. [PMID: 25038476]
  • Nicole Pacini, Ambrosius Josef Martin Dörr, Antonia Concetta Elia, Melissa Scoparo, Maria Cesarina Abete, Marino Prearo. Melamine-cyanurate complexes and oxidative stress markers in trout kidney following melamine and cyanuric acid long-term co-exposure and withdrawal. Fish physiology and biochemistry. 2014 Oct; 40(5):1609-19. doi: 10.1007/s10695-014-9952-5. [PMID: 24952615]
  • Laura M Suppes, Leif Abrell, Alfred P Dufour, Kelly A Reynolds. Assessment of swimmer behaviors on pool water ingestion. Journal of water and health. 2014 Jun; 12(2):269-79. doi: 10.2166/wh.2013.123. [PMID: 24937221]
  • Yng-Tay Chen, Bang-Ping Jiann, Chieh-Hao Wu, Jhaol-Huei Wu, Shih-Chieh Chang, Maw-Sheng Chien, Shih-Ling Hsuan, Yi-Lo Lin, Ter-Hsin Chen, Fuu-Jen Tsai, Jiunn-Wang Liao. Kidney stone distribution caused by melamine and cyanuric acid in rats. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry. 2014 Mar; 430(?):96-103. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.01.003. [PMID: 24418618]
  • Takahiro Yasui, Takahiro Kobayashi, Atsushi Okada, Shuzo Hamamoto, Masahito Hirose, Kentaro Mizuno, Yasue Kubota, Yukihiro Umemoto, Noriyasu Kawai, Keiichi Tozawa, Bing Gao, Kenjiro Kohri. Long-term follow-up of nephrotoxicity in rats administered both melamine and cyanuric acid. BMC research notes. 2014 Feb; 7(?):87. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-87. [PMID: 24507656]
  • Seunghee Cho, Ke Shi, Jennifer L Seffernick, Anthony G Dodge, Lawrence P Wackett, Hideki Aihara. Cyanuric acid hydrolase from Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS 571: crystal structure and insights into a new class of Ser-Lys dyad proteins. PloS one. 2014; 9(6):e99349. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099349. [PMID: 24915109]
  • Ghee Hwan Kim, Mi Jeong Kang, Keumhan Noh, Do Gyeong Oh, Wonku Kang, Hye Gwang Jeong, Kwang Youl Lee, Hangun Kim, Hyung Sik Kim, Tae Cheon Jeong. Nephrotoxic potential and toxicokinetics of melamine combined with cyanuric acid in rats. Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A. 2014; 77(22-24):1346-58. doi: 10.1080/15287394.2014.951592. [PMID: 25343285]
  • P Suchý, P Novák, D Zapletal, E Straková. Effect of melamine-contaminated diet on tissue distribution of melamine and cyanuric acid, blood variables, and egg quality in laying hens. British poultry science. 2014; 55(3):375-9. doi: 10.1080/00071668.2014.911815. [PMID: 24730385]
  • Vurtice C Albright, Joel R Coats. Disposition of atrazine metabolites following uptake and degradation of atrazine in switchgrass. International journal of phytoremediation. 2014; 16(1):62-72. doi: 10.1080/15226514.2012.759528. [PMID: 24912215]
  • Yingjun Lv, Peichen Liu, Changlu Xiang, Hejun Yang. Oxidative stress and hypoxia observed in the kidneys of mice after a 13-week oral administration of melamine and cyanuric acid combination. Research in veterinary science. 2013 Dec; 95(3):1100-6. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.10.001. [PMID: 24144334]
  • C B Stine, C Nochetto, C M Gieseker, E R Evans, N R Hasbrouck, T D Mayer, L Girard, R Reimschuessel. Depletion of melamine and cyanuric acid in kidney of catfish Ictalurus punctatus and trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics. 2013 Dec; 36(6):617-20. doi: 10.1111/jvp.12058. [PMID: 23682764]
  • C K Wong, M H M Chan, J S S Kwok, C S Ho, P C Ng, S H Suen, K P Fung, C M Lau, T F Fok. Diagnostic tools for detection of intoxication by melamine and its analogue. Hong Kong medical journal = Xianggang yi xue za zhi. 2013 Dec; 19 Suppl 8(?):12-5. doi: NULL. [PMID: 24473521]
  • C F Ng, K L E Hon, M D I Gohel. Effects of melamine on urine crystallisation kinetics and cell responses. Hong Kong medical journal = Xianggang yi xue za zhi. 2013 Dec; 19 Suppl 8(?):23-5. doi: NULL. [PMID: 24473524]
  • W T Wong, X Y Tian, C W Lau, Y X Wang, J Liu, W S Cheang, Z Y Chen, C S Mok, C M Lau, Y Huang. Renal and vascular function in pregnant and neonatal rats exposed to melamine and related compounds. Hong Kong medical journal = Xianggang yi xue za zhi. 2013 Dec; 19 Suppl 8(?):31-3. doi: NULL. [PMID: 24473526]
  • Hsin-Lei Huang, Wen-Ying Yang, Hsiao-Fung Pu, Tung-Hu Tsai, Chi-Hung Lin, Nien-Jung Chen, Der-Cherng Tarng. Krüppel-like factor 5 associates with melamine-cyanurate crystal-induced nephritis in rats. Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association. 2013 Oct; 28(10):2477-83. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gft308. [PMID: 24078640]
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