NCBI Taxonomy: 52820
Acokanthera oblongifolia (ncbi_taxid: 52820)
found 51 associated metabolites at species taxonomy rank level.
Ancestor: Acokanthera
Child Taxonomies: none taxonomy data.
L-Glutamic acid
Glutamic acid (Glu), also known as L-glutamic acid or as glutamate, the name of its anion, is an alpha-amino acid. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon). Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino (‚ÄìNH2) and carboxyl (‚ÄìCOOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. L-glutamic acid is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the amino acids used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Glutamic acid is found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. It is classified as an acidic, charged (at physiological pH), aliphatic amino acid. In humans it is a non-essential amino acid and can be synthesized via alanine or aspartic acid via alpha-ketoglutarate and the action of various transaminases. Glutamate also plays an important role in the bodys disposal of excess or waste nitrogen. Glutamate undergoes deamination, an oxidative reaction catalysed by glutamate dehydrogenase leading to alpha-ketoglutarate. In many respects glutamate is a key molecule in cellular metabolism. Glutamate is the most abundant fast excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian nervous system. At chemical synapses, glutamate is stored in vesicles. Nerve impulses trigger release of glutamate from the pre-synaptic cell. In the opposing post-synaptic cell, glutamate receptors, such as the NMDA receptor, bind glutamate and are activated. Because of its role in synaptic plasticity, it is believed that glutamic acid is involved in cognitive functions like learning and memory in the brain. Glutamate transporters are found in neuronal and glial membranes. They rapidly remove glutamate from the extracellular space. In brain injury or disease, they can work in reverse and excess glutamate can accumulate outside cells. This process causes calcium ions to enter cells via NMDA receptor channels, leading to neuronal damage and eventual cell death, and is called excitotoxicity. The mechanisms of cell death include: Damage to mitochondria from excessively high intracellular Ca2+. Glu/Ca2+-mediated promotion of transcription factors for pro-apoptotic genes, or downregulation of transcription factors for anti-apoptotic genes. Excitotoxicity due to glutamate occurs as part of the ischemic cascade and is associated with stroke and diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, lathyrism, and Alzheimers disease. Glutamic acid has been implicated in epileptic seizures. Microinjection of glutamic acid into neurons produces spontaneous depolarization around one second apart, and this firing pattern is similar to what is known as paroxysmal depolarizing shift in epileptic attacks. This change in the resting membrane potential at seizure foci could cause spontaneous opening of voltage activated calcium channels, leading to glutamic acid release and further depolarization (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamic_acid). Glutamate was discovered in 1866 when it was extracted from wheat gluten (from where it got its name. Glutamate has an important role as a food additive and food flavoring agent. In 1908, Japanese researcher Kikunae Ikeda identified brown crystals left behind after the evaporation of a large amount of kombu broth (a Japanese soup) as glutamic acid. These crystals, when tasted, reproduced a salty, savory flavor detected in many foods, most especially in seaweed. Professor Ikeda termed this flavor umami. He then patented a method of mass-producing a crystalline salt of glutamic acid, monosodium glutamate. L-glutamic acid is an optically active form of glutamic acid having L-configuration. It has a role as a nutraceutical, a micronutrient, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a mouse metabolite, a ferroptosis inducer and a neurotransmitter. It is a glutamine family amino acid, a proteinogenic amino acid, a glutamic acid and a L-alpha-amino acid. It is a conjugate acid of a L-glutamate(1-). It is an enantiomer of a D-glutamic acid. A peptide that is a homopolymer of glutamic acid. L-Glutamic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Glutamic acid (Glu), also referred to as glutamate (the anion), is one of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids. It is not among the essential amino acids. Glutamate is a key molecule in cellular metabolism. In humans, dietary proteins are broken down by digestion into amino acids, which serves as metabolic fuel or other functional roles in the body. Glutamate is the most abundant fast excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian nervous system. At chemical synapses, glutamate is stored in vesicles. Nerve impulses trigger release of glutamate from the pre-synaptic cell. In the opposing post-synaptic cell, glutamate receptors, such as the NMDA receptor, bind glutamate and are activated. Because of its role in synaptic plasticity, it is believed that glutamic acid is involved in cognitive functions like learning and memory in the brain. Glutamate transporters are found in neuronal and glial membranes. They rapidly remove glutamate from the extracellular space. In brain injury or disease, they can work in reverse and excess glutamate can accumulate outside cells. This process causes calcium ions to enter cells via NMDA receptor channels, leading to neuronal damage and eventual cell death, and is called excitotoxicity. The mechanisms of cell death include: * Damage to mitochondria from excessively high intracellular Ca2+. * Glu/Ca2+-mediated promotion of transcription factors for pro-apoptotic genes, or downregulation of transcription factors for anti-apoptotic genes. Excitotoxicity due to glutamate occurs as part of the ischemic cascade and is associated with stroke and diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, lathyrism, and Alzheimers disease. glutamic acid has been implicated in epileptic seizures. Microinjection of glutamic acid into neurons produces spontaneous depolarization around one second apart, and this firing pattern is similar to what is known as paroxysmal depolarizing shift in epileptic attacks. This change in the resting membrane potential at seizure foci could cause spontaneous opening of voltage activated calcium channels, leading to glutamic acid release and further depolarization. A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. See also: Monosodium Glutamate (active moiety of); Glatiramer Acetate (monomer of); Glatiramer (monomer of) ... View More ... obtained from acid hydrolysis of proteins. Since 1965 the industrial source of glutamic acid for MSG production has been bacterial fermentation of carbohydrate sources such as molasses and corn starch hydrolysate in the presence of a nitrogen source such as ammonium salts or urea. Annual production approx. 350000t worldwide in 1988. Seasoning additive in food manuf. (as Na, K and NH4 salts). Dietary supplement, nutrient Glutamic acid (symbol Glu or E;[4] the anionic form is known as glutamate) is an α-amino acid that is used by almost all living beings in the biosynthesis of proteins. It is a non-essential nutrient for humans, meaning that the human body can synthesize enough for its use. It is also the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate nervous system. It serves as the precursor for the synthesis of the inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in GABAergic neurons. Its molecular formula is C 5H 9NO 4. Glutamic acid exists in two optically isomeric forms; the dextrorotatory l-form is usually obtained by hydrolysis of gluten or from the waste waters of beet-sugar manufacture or by fermentation.[5][full citation needed] Its molecular structure could be idealized as HOOC−CH(NH 2)−(CH 2)2−COOH, with two carboxyl groups −COOH and one amino group −NH 2. However, in the solid state and mildly acidic water solutions, the molecule assumes an electrically neutral zwitterion structure −OOC−CH(NH+ 3)−(CH 2)2−COOH. It is encoded by the codons GAA or GAG. The acid can lose one proton from its second carboxyl group to form the conjugate base, the singly-negative anion glutamate −OOC−CH(NH+ 3)−(CH 2)2−COO−. This form of the compound is prevalent in neutral solutions. The glutamate neurotransmitter plays the principal role in neural activation.[6] This anion creates the savory umami flavor of foods and is found in glutamate flavorings such as MSG. In Europe, it is classified as food additive E620. In highly alkaline solutions the doubly negative anion −OOC−CH(NH 2)−(CH 2)2−COO− prevails. The radical corresponding to glutamate is called glutamyl. The one-letter symbol E for glutamate was assigned in alphabetical sequence to D for aspartate, being larger by one methylene –CH2– group.[7] DL-Glutamic acid is the conjugate acid of Glutamic acid, which acts as a fundamental metabolite. Comparing with the second phase of polymorphs α and β L-Glutamic acid, DL-Glutamic acid presents better stability[1]. DL-Glutamic acid is the conjugate acid of Glutamic acid, which acts as a fundamental metabolite. Comparing with the second phase of polymorphs α and β L-Glutamic acid, DL-Glutamic acid presents better stability[1]. L-Glutamic acid acts as an excitatory transmitter and an agonist at all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabotropic, kainate, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid shows a direct activating effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic terminals. L-Glutamic acid is an excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter that acts as an agonist for all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabolic rhodophylline, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid has an agonist effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic nerve endings. L-Glutamic acid can be used in the study of neurological diseases[1][2][3][4][5]. L-Glutamic acid acts as an excitatory transmitter and an agonist at all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabotropic, kainate, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid shows a direct activating effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic terminals.
(-)-beta-Pinene
(-)-beta-pinene is the (1S,5S)-enantiomer of beta-pinene. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-beta-pinene. (-)-beta-Pinene is a natural product found in Curcuma amada, Molopospermum peloponnesiacum, and other organisms with data available. Flavouring ingredient. (-)-beta-Pinene is found in many foods, some of which are almond, hyssop, sweet bay, and common sage. (-)-beta-Pinene is found in almond. (-)-beta-Pinene is a flavouring ingredient. The (1S,5S)-enantiomer of beta-pinene. β-Pinene ((-)-β-Pinene), a major component of turpentine, inhibit infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) with an IC50 of 1.32 mM. β-Pinene presents antimicrobial activity[1][2]. β-Pinene ((-)-β-Pinene), a major component of turpentine, inhibit infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) with an IC50 of 1.32 mM. β-Pinene presents antimicrobial activity[1][2].
Farnesol
Farnesol is a signaling molecule that is derived from farnesyl diphosphate, an intermediate in the isoprenoid/cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. Farnesol is a 15 carbon isoprenoid alcohol is the corresponding dephosphorylated form of the isoprenoid farnesyl diphosphate. Farnesol has a potential role in controlling the degradation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMGCoA) reductase (EC 1.1.1.34, NADPH-hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase). The enzyme is stabilized under conditions of cellular sterol depletion (e.g. statin-treated cells) and rapidly degraded in sterol-loaded cells. In mammalian cells, this enhanced degradation is dependent on the presence of both a sterol and a non-sterol derived from the isoprenoid pathway; farnesol, the dephosphorylated form of farnesyl diphosphate, can function as the non-sterol component. Farnesol has been shown to activate the farnesoid receptor (FXR), a nuclear receptor that forms a functional heterodimer with RXR. Thus, dephosphorylation of farnesyl diphosphate, an intermediate in the cholesterol synthetic pathway, might produce an active ligand for the FXR:RXR heterodimer. The physiological ligand for FXR remains to be identified; farnesol, may simply mimic the unidentified natural ligand(s). In addition, exogenous farnesol have an effect on several other physiological processes, including inhibition of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis, induction of apoptosis, inhibition of cell cycle progression and actin cytoskeletal disorganization. Farnesol cellular availability is an important determinant of vascular tone in animals and humans, and provides a basis for exploring farnesyl metabolism in humans with compromised vascular function as well as for using farnesyl analogues as regulators of arterial tone in vivo. A possible metabolic fate for farnesol is its conversion to farnesoic acid, and then to farnesol-derived dicarboxylic acids (FDDCAs) which would then be excreted in the urine. Farnesol can also be oxidized to a prenyl aldehyde, presumably by an alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), and that this activity resides in the mitochondrial and peroxisomal. Liver Endoplasmic reticulum and peroxisomal fractions are able to phosphorylate farnesol to Farnesyl diphosphate in a Cytosine triphosphate dependent fashion. (PMID: 9812197, 8636420, 9083051, 9015362). Prenol is polymerized by dehydration reactions; when there are at least four isoprene units (n in the above formula is greater than or equal to four), the polymer is called a polyprenol. Polyprenols can contain up to 100 isoprene units (n=100) linked end to end with the hydroxyl group (-OH) remaining at the end. These isoprenoid alcohols are also called terpenols These isoprenoid alcohols are important in the acylation of proteins, carotenoids, and fat-soluble vitamins A, E and K. They are also building blocks for plant oils such as farnesol and geraniol. Prenol is also a building block of cholesterol (built from six isoprene units), and thus of all steroids. Prenol has sedative properities, it is probably GABA receptor allosteric modulator.When the isoprene unit attached to the alcohol is saturated, the compound is referred to as a dolichol. Dolichols are important as glycosyl carriers in the synthesis of polysaccharides.(Wikipedia). C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant Component of many flower absolutes [CCD] Farnesol is a colorless liquid with a delicate floral odor. (NTP, 1992) Farnesol is a farnesane sesquiterpenoid that is dodeca-2,6,10-triene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 7 and 11 and a hydroxy group at position 1. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a fungal metabolite and an antimicrobial agent. It is a farnesane sesquiterpenoid, a primary alcohol and a polyprenol. trans,trans-Farnesol is a natural product found in Lonicera japonica, Psidium guajava, and other organisms with data available. (2-trans,6-trans)-Farnesol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A colorless liquid extracted from oils of plants such as citronella, neroli, cyclamen, and tuberose. It is an intermediate step in the biological synthesis of cholesterol from mevalonic acid in vertebrates. It has a delicate odor and is used in perfumery. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed) Farnesol is a sesquiterpene alcohol that modulates cell-to-cell communication in Candida albicans, and has the activity in inhibiting bacteria. Farnesol is a sesquiterpene alcohol that modulates cell-to-cell communication in Candida albicans, and has the activity in inhibiting bacteria.
(+)-alpha-Pinene
alpha-Pinene (CAS: 80-56-8) is an organic compound of the terpene class and is one of two isomers of pinene. It is found in the oils of many species of many coniferous trees, notably the pine. It is also found in the essential oil of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis). Both enantiomers are known in nature. 1S,5S- or (-)-alpha-pinene is more common in European pines, whereas the 1R,5R- or (+)-alpha-isomer is more common in North America. The racemic mixture is present in some oils such as eucalyptus oil (Wikipedia). alpha-Pinene is an organic compound of the terpene class, one of two isomers of pinene. It is found in the oils of many species of many coniferous trees, notably the pine. It is also found in the essential oil of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis). Both enantiomers are known in nature; 1S,5S- or (-)-alpha-pinene is more common in European pines, whereas the 1R,5R- or (+)-alpha-isomer is more common in North America. The racemic mixture is present in some oils such as eucalyptus oil. (+)-alpha-pinene is the (+)-enantiomer of alpha-pinene. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a human metabolite. It is an enantiomer of a (-)-alpha-pinene. (+)-alpha-Pinene is a natural product found in Juniperus drupacea, Eucalyptus deglupta, and other organisms with data available. The (+)-enantiomer of alpha-pinene. (1R)-α-Pinene is a volatile monoterpene with antimicrobial activities. (1R)-α-Pinene reduces Bacillus cereus population growth, and exhibits repellent effects[1][2]. (1R)-α-Pinene is a volatile monoterpene with antimicrobial activities. (1R)-α-Pinene reduces Bacillus cereus population growth, and exhibits repellent effects[1][2].
Cyanuric acid
Because of their trifunctionality, CYA is a precursor to crosslinking agents, especially for polyurethane resins. Cyanuric acid or 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triol is a chemical compound with the formula (CNOH)3. Like many industrially useful chemicals, this triazine has many synonyms. This white, odorless solid finds use as a precursor or a component of bleaches, disinfectants, and herbicides. In 1997, worldwide production was 160 million kilograms.
Methyl 2-aminobenzoate
Methyl 2-aminobenzoate is found in alcoholic beverages. Methyl 2-aminobenzoate is found in essential oils, including bergamot, orange peel, lemon peel, jasmine, ylang-ylang and neroli. Also present in concord grape, strawberry, star fruit, wines, cocoa, black tea and rice bran. Methyl 2-aminobenzoate is a flavouring agent Found in essential oils, including bergamot, orange peel, lemon peel, jasmine, ylang-ylang and neroliand is also present in concord grape, strawberry, star fruit, wines, cocoa, black tea and rice bran. Flavouring agent.
(3S,6E)-Nerolidol
(3S,6E)-Nerolidol, also known as nerolidol or peruviol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. These are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units. Thus, (3S,6E)-nerolidol is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. (3S,6E)-Nerolidol is an isomer of nerolidol, a naturally occurring sesquiterpene found in the essential oils of many types of plants and flowers. An isomer of nerolidol, a naturally occurring sesquiterpene found in the essential oils of many types of plants and flowers [Wikipedia] Nerolidol is a natural membrane-active sesquiterpene, with antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic activity[1]. Nerolidol is a natural membrane-active sesquiterpene, with antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic activity[1].
Benzyl alcohol
Benzyl alcohol is a colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with Lidocaine injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutical aid, and in perfumery and flavoring. Benzyl Alcohol is an aromatic alcohol used in a wide variety of cosmetic formulations as a fragrance component, preservative, solvent, and viscosity-decreasing agent. Benzyl alcohol is metabolized to Benzoic Acid, which reacts with glycine and excreted as hippuric acid in the human body. Acceptable daily intakes were established by the World Health Organization at 5 mg/kg for Benzyl alcohol. No adverse effects of benzyl alcohol have been seen in chronic exposure animal studies using rats and mice. Effects of Benzyl Alcohol in chronic exposure animal studies are limited to reduced feed intake and reduced growth. Some differences have been noted in one reproductive toxicity study using mice, but these were limited to lower maternal body weights and decreased mean litter weights. Another study also noted that fetal weight was decreased compared to controls, but a third study showed no differences between control and benzyl alcohol-treated groups. Benzyl alcohol has been associated with an increased number of resorptions and malformations in hamsters, but there have been no reproductive or developmental toxicity findings in studies using mice and rats. Genotoxicity tests for benzyl alcohol are mostly negative, but there were some assays that were positive. Carcinogenicity studies, however, were negative. Clinical data indicates that benzyl alcohol can produce nonimmunologic contact urticaria and nonimmunologic immediate contact reactions, characterized by the appearance of wheals, erythema, and pruritis. 5\\\\% benzyl alcohol can elicit a reaction. Benzyl alcohol is not a sensitizer at 10\\\\%. Benzyl alcohol could be used safely at concentrations up to 5\\\\%, but that manufacturers should consider the nonimmunologic phenomena when using benzyl alcohol in cosmetic formulations designed for infants and children. Additionally, Benzyl alcohol is considered safe up to 10\\\\% for use in hair dyes. The limited body exposure, the duration of use, and the frequency of use are considered in concluding that the nonimmunologic reactions would not be a concern. Because of the wide variety of product types in which benzyl alcohol may be used, it is likely that inhalation may be a route of exposure. The available safety tests are not considered sufficient to support the safety of benzyl alcohol in formulations where inhalation is a route of exposure. Inhalation toxicity data are needed to complete the safety assessment of benzyl alcohol where inhalation can occur. (PMID:11766131). Constituent of jasmine and other ethereal oils, both free and as estersand is also present in cherry, orange juice, mandarin peel oil, guava fruit, feijoa fruit, pineapple, leek, cinnamon, cloves, mustard, fermented tea, basil and red sage. Flavouring ingredient P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P03 - Ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides, insecticides and repellents > P03A - Ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D000777 - Anesthetics D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C28394 - Topical Anti-Infective Agent COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Benzyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol, a colorless liquid with a mild aromatic odor. Benzyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol, a colorless liquid with a mild aromatic odor.
alpha-Terpineol
alpha-Terpineol (CAS: 98-55-5) is a naturally occurring monoterpene alcohol that has been isolated from a variety of sources such as cajuput oil, pine oil, and petitgrain oil. There are three isomers of terpineol, alpha-, beta-, and gamma-terpineol, with the last two differing only by the location of the double bond. Terpineol is usually a mixture of these isomers with alpha-terpineol as the major constituent. Terpineol has a pleasant odour similar to lilac and is a common ingredient in perfumes, cosmetics, and flavours. alpha-Terpineol is occasionally found as a volatile component in urine. It is a water-soluble component of Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel, the tea tree oil (TTO). alpha-Terpineol is a likely mediator of the in vitro and in vivo activity of the TTO as an agent that could control C. albicans vaginal infections. Purified alpha-terpineol can suppress pro-inflammatory mediator production by activated human monocytes. alpha-Terpineol is able to impair the growth of human M14 melanoma cells and appear to be more effective on their resistant variants, which express high levels of P-glycoprotein in the plasma membrane, overcoming resistance to caspase-dependent apoptosis exerted by P-glycoprotein-positive tumour cells (PMID:5556886, 17083732, 11131302, 15009716). Terpineol is a naturally occurring monoterpene alcohol that has been isolated from a variety of sources such as cajuput oil, pine oil, and petitgrain oil. There are three isomers, alpha-, beta-, and gamma-terpineol, the last two differing only by the location of the double bond. Terpineol is usually a mixture of these isomers with alpha-terpineol as the major constituent. (R)-alpha-Terpineol is found in many foods, some of which are mentha (mint), sweet marjoram, lovage, and cardamom. α-Terpineol is isolated from Eucalyptus globulus Labill, exhibits strong antimicrobial activity against periodontopathic and cariogenic bacteria[1]. α-Terpineol possesses antifungal activity against T. mentagrophytes, and the activity might lead to irreversible cellular disruption[2]. α-Terpineol is isolated from Eucalyptus globulus Labill, exhibits strong antimicrobial activity against periodontopathic and cariogenic bacteria[1]. α-Terpineol possesses antifungal activity against T. mentagrophytes, and the activity might lead to irreversible cellular disruption[2].
L-Citronellol
L-Citronellol is found in herbs and spices, as well as bilberry. L-Citronellol is a constituent of geranium and citronella oils, and is obtained mainly from geranium oil or synthetically. Citronellol occurs in many essential oils, usually as a partial racemate. It is used as a flavour in citrus compositions. Citronellol, or dihydrogeraniol, is a natural acyclic monoterpenoid. Both enantiomers occur in nature. L-Citronellol is found in the oils of rose (18-55\\%) and Pelargonium geraniums. (Wikipedia) Constituent of geranium and citronella oils. L-Citronellol is found in herbs and spices.
(R)-3,7-Dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol
(R)-3,7-Dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol is found in coriander. (R)-3,7-Dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol is a constituent of many essential oils including Melissa officinalis (lemon balm), rose, neroli and lavender. (R)-3,7-Dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol is a major component of oil of field mint (Mentha arvensis) Constituent of many essential oils including Melissa officinalis (lemon balm), rose, neroli and lavender. Major component of oil of field mint (Mentha arvensis). L-Linalool is found in many foods, some of which are tea, cumin, pummelo, and coriander.
Pinene
Pinene (is a bicyclic monoterpene chemical compound. There are two structural isomers of pinene found in nature: alpha-pinene and beta-pinene. As the name suggests, both forms are important constituents of pine resin; they are also found in the resins of many other conifers, as well as in non-coniferous plants. Both isomers are used by many insects in their chemical communication system.
β-Pinene
An isomer of pinene with an exocyclic double bond. It is a component of essential oils from many plants.
Widely distributed in plants, usually associated with a-Pinene
Stirrup
C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Farnesol is a sesquiterpene alcohol that modulates cell-to-cell communication in Candida albicans, and has the activity in inhibiting bacteria. Farnesol is a sesquiterpene alcohol that modulates cell-to-cell communication in Candida albicans, and has the activity in inhibiting bacteria. Nerolidol is a natural membrane-active sesquiterpene, with antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic activity[1]. Nerolidol is a natural membrane-active sesquiterpene, with antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic activity[1]. trans-Nerolidol is a sesquiterpene alcohol. It can be isolated from f aerial parts of Warionia saharae ex Benth. trans-Nerolidol improves the anti-proliferative effect of Doxorubicin (HY-15142A) against intestinal cancer cells in vitro. trans-Nerolidol also has anti-fungal activity[1][2]. trans-Nerolidol is a sesquiterpene alcohol. It can be isolated from f aerial parts of Warionia saharae ex Benth. trans-Nerolidol improves the anti-proliferative effect of Doxorubicin (HY-15142A) against intestinal cancer cells in vitro. trans-Nerolidol also has anti-fungal activity[1][2].
Nerolidol
A component of many essential oils. The (S)-enantiomer is the commoner and occurs mostly as the (S)-(E)-isomer. Flavouring agent. Nerolidol is found in many foods, some of which are coriander, sweet basil, roman camomile, and sweet orange. Nerolidol is found in bitter gourd. Nerolidol is a component of many essential oils. The (S)-enantiomer is the commoner and occurs mostly as the (S)-(E)-isomer. Nerolidol is a flavouring agent Nerolidol is a natural membrane-active sesquiterpene, with antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic activity[1]. Nerolidol is a natural membrane-active sesquiterpene, with antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic activity[1].
trans-Jasmone
trans-Jasmone is found in spearmint. Jasmone is a natural organic compound extracted from the volatile portion of the oil from jasmine flowers. It is a colorless to pale yellow liquid that has the odor of jasmine. Jasmone can exist in two isomeric forms with differing geometry around the pentenyl double bond, cis-jasmone and trans-jasmone. The natural extract contains only the cis form, while synthetic material is often a mixture containing both forms, with the cis form predominating. Both forms have similar odors and chemical properties. (Wikipedia Jasmone is a natural organic compound extracted from the volatile portion of the oil from jasmine flowers. It is a colorless to pale yellow liquid that has the odor of jasmine. Jasmone can exist in two isomeric forms with differing geometry around the pentenyl double bond, cis-jasmone and trans-jasmone. The natural extract contains only the cis form, while synthetic material is often a mixture containing both forms, with the cis form predominating. Both forms have similar odors and chemical properties. trans-Jasmone is found in spearmint. Cis-Jasmone is a plant-derived natural product. Cis-Jasmone is constitutively released by many flowers and sometimes by leaves as an attractant for pollinators or as a chemical cue for host location by insect flower herbivores. Cis-Jasmone treatment of crop plants not only induces direct defense against herbivores, but also induces indirect defense by releasing VOCs that attract natural enemies[1]. Cis-Jasmone is a plant-derived natural product. Cis-Jasmone is constitutively released by many flowers and sometimes by leaves as an attractant for pollinators or as a chemical cue for host location by insect flower herbivores. Cis-Jasmone treatment of crop plants not only induces direct defense against herbivores, but also induces indirect defense by releasing VOCs that attract natural enemies[1].
Linalyl acetate
Linalyl acetate, also known as 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-yl acetate, is a monoterpenoid that is the acetate ester of linalool. It forms a principal component of the essential oils from bergamot and lavender. It is an acetate ester and a monoterpenoid that derives from linalool. Linalyl acetate is isolated from numerous plants and essential oils, e.g. clary sage, lavender, lemon etc., and it is used as a flavouring ingredient. Synthetic linalyl acetate is sometimes used as an adulterant in essential oils to make them more marketable. Isolated from numerous plants and essential oils, e.g. clary sage, lavender, lemon etc. Flavouring ingredient Linalyl acetate is the principal components of many plant essential oils with potentially anti-inflammatory activity[1]. Linalyl acetate is the principal components of many plant essential oils with potentially anti-inflammatory activity[1].
Nerolidol
Nerolidol is a farnesane sesquiterpenoid that is dodeca-1,6,10-triene which carries methyl groups at positions 3, 7 and 11 and a hydroxy group at position 3. It is a natural product that is present in various flowers and plants with a floral odor. Chemically, it exists in two geometric isomers, trans and cis forms. It is widely used in cosmetics (e.g. shampoos and perfumes), in non-cosmetic products (e.g. detergents and cleansers) and also as a food flavoring agent. It has a role as a flavouring agent, a cosmetic, a pheromone, a neuroprotective agent, an antifungal agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, an antihypertensive agent, an antioxidant, a volatile oil component, an insect attractant and a herbicide. It is a farnesane sesquiterpenoid, a tertiary allylic alcohol and a volatile organic compound. Nerolidol is a natural product found in Xylopia sericea, Rhododendron calostrotum, and other organisms with data available. Nerolidol is found in bitter gourd. Nerolidol is a component of many essential oils. The (S)-enantiomer is the commoner and occurs mostly as the (S)-(E)-isomer. Nerolidol is a flavouring agent. Nerolidol has been shown to exhibit anti-fungal function (A7933).Nerolidol belongs to the family of Sesquiterpenes. These are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units. A nerolidol in which the double bond at position 6 adopts a trans-configuration. Nerolidol is a natural membrane-active sesquiterpene, with antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic activity[1]. Nerolidol is a natural membrane-active sesquiterpene, with antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic activity[1]. trans-Nerolidol is a sesquiterpene alcohol. It can be isolated from f aerial parts of Warionia saharae ex Benth. trans-Nerolidol improves the anti-proliferative effect of Doxorubicin (HY-15142A) against intestinal cancer cells in vitro. trans-Nerolidol also has anti-fungal activity[1][2]. trans-Nerolidol is a sesquiterpene alcohol. It can be isolated from f aerial parts of Warionia saharae ex Benth. trans-Nerolidol improves the anti-proliferative effect of Doxorubicin (HY-15142A) against intestinal cancer cells in vitro. trans-Nerolidol also has anti-fungal activity[1][2].
Linalyl acetate
Linalyl acetate is the principal components of many plant essential oils with potentially anti-inflammatory activity[1]. Linalyl acetate is the principal components of many plant essential oils with potentially anti-inflammatory activity[1].
benzyl alcohol
Benzyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol, a colorless liquid with a mild aromatic odor. Benzyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol, a colorless liquid with a mild aromatic odor.
Farnesol
A farnesane sesquiterpenoid that is dodeca-2,6,10-triene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 7 and 11 and a hydroxy group at position 1. Farnesol is a colorless liquid with a delicate floral odor. (NTP, 1992) Farnesol is a farnesane sesquiterpenoid that is dodeca-2,6,10-triene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 7 and 11 and a hydroxy group at position 1. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a fungal metabolite and an antimicrobial agent. It is a farnesane sesquiterpenoid, a primary alcohol and a polyprenol. trans,trans-Farnesol is a natural product found in Lonicera japonica, Psidium guajava, and other organisms with data available. (2-trans,6-trans)-Farnesol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A colorless liquid extracted from oils of plants such as citronella, neroli, cyclamen, and tuberose. It is an intermediate step in the biological synthesis of cholesterol from mevalonic acid in vertebrates. It has a delicate odor and is used in perfumery. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed) The (2-trans,6-trans)-stereoisomer of farnesol. C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant Farnesol is a sesquiterpene alcohol that modulates cell-to-cell communication in Candida albicans, and has the activity in inhibiting bacteria. Farnesol is a sesquiterpene alcohol that modulates cell-to-cell communication in Candida albicans, and has the activity in inhibiting bacteria.
phenylmethanol
P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P03 - Ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides, insecticides and repellents > P03A - Ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D000777 - Anesthetics An aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent. D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C28394 - Topical Anti-Infective Agent COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Benzyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol, a colorless liquid with a mild aromatic odor. Benzyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol, a colorless liquid with a mild aromatic odor.
nerolidol
A farnesane sesquiterpenoid that is dodeca-1,6,10-triene which carries methyl groups at positions 3, 7 and 11 and a hydroxy group at position 3. It is a natural product that is present in various flowers and plants with a floral odor. Chemically, it exists in two geometric isomers, trans and cis forms. It is widely used in cosmetics (e.g. shampoos and perfumes), in non-cosmetic products (e.g. detergents and cleansers) and also as a food flavoring agent. Nerolidol is a natural membrane-active sesquiterpene, with antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic activity[1]. Nerolidol is a natural membrane-active sesquiterpene, with antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic activity[1]. trans-Nerolidol is a sesquiterpene alcohol. It can be isolated from f aerial parts of Warionia saharae ex Benth. trans-Nerolidol improves the anti-proliferative effect of Doxorubicin (HY-15142A) against intestinal cancer cells in vitro. trans-Nerolidol also has anti-fungal activity[1][2]. trans-Nerolidol is a sesquiterpene alcohol. It can be isolated from f aerial parts of Warionia saharae ex Benth. trans-Nerolidol improves the anti-proliferative effect of Doxorubicin (HY-15142A) against intestinal cancer cells in vitro. trans-Nerolidol also has anti-fungal activity[1][2].
80605_FLUKA
(1R)-α-Pinene is a volatile monoterpene with antimicrobial activities. (1R)-α-Pinene reduces Bacillus cereus population growth, and exhibits repellent effects[1][2]. (1R)-α-Pinene is a volatile monoterpene with antimicrobial activities. (1R)-α-Pinene reduces Bacillus cereus population growth, and exhibits repellent effects[1][2].
LS-307
P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P03 - Ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides, insecticides and repellents > P03A - Ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D000777 - Anesthetics D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C28394 - Topical Anti-Infective Agent COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Benzyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol, a colorless liquid with a mild aromatic odor. Benzyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol, a colorless liquid with a mild aromatic odor.
METHYL ANTHRANILATE
A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of anthranilic acid.
(3S,6E)-Nerolidol
A (6E)-nerolidol in which the hydroxy group at positon 3 adopts an S-configuration. Nerolidol is a natural membrane-active sesquiterpene, with antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic activity[1]. Nerolidol is a natural membrane-active sesquiterpene, with antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic activity[1].
