NCBI Taxonomy: 290983

Epicatechin

C15H14O6 (290.079)

Epicatechin is an antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms. Catechin is a tannin peculiar to green and white tea because the black tea oxidation process reduces catechins in black tea. Catechin is a powerful, water soluble polyphenol and antioxidant that is easily oxidized. Several thousand types are available in the plant world. As many as two thousand are known to have a flavon structure and are called flavonoids. Catechin is one of them. Green tea is manufactured from fresh, unfermented tea leaves; the oxidation of catechins is minimal, and hence they are able to serve as antioxidants. Researchers believe that catechin is effective because it easily sticks to proteins, blocking bacteria from adhering to cell walls and disrupting their ability to destroy them. Viruses have hooks on their surfaces and can attach to cell walls. The catechin in green tea prevents viruses from adhering and causing harm. Catechin reacts with toxins created by harmful bacteria (many of which belong to the protein family) and harmful metals such as lead, mercury, chrome, and cadmium. From its NMR espectra, there is a doubt on 2 and 3 atoms configuration. It seems to be that they are in trans position. Epicatechin, also known as (+)-cyanidanol-3 or 2,3-cis-epicatechin, is a member of the class of compounds known as catechins. Catechins are compounds containing a catechin moiety, which is a 3,4-dihydro-2-chromene-3,5.7-tiol. Thus, epicatechin is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. Epicatechin is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Epicatechin can be found in cashew nut, which makes epicatechin a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Epicatechin can be found primarily in blood, feces, and urine, as well as throughout most human tissues. Epicatechin is a flavan-3-ol, a type of natural phenol and antioxidant. It is a plant secondary metabolite. It belongs to the group of flavan-3-ols (or simply flavanols), part of the chemical family of flavonoids . (-)-epicatechin is a catechin with (2R,3R)-configuration. It has a role as an antioxidant. It is a polyphenol and a catechin. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-epicatechin. Epicatechin has been used in trials studying the treatment of Pre-diabetes. (-)-Epicatechin is a natural product found in Visnea mocanera, Litsea rotundifolia, and other organisms with data available. An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms. See also: Crofelemer (monomer of); Bilberry (part of); Cats Claw (part of) ... View More ... A catechin with (2R,3R)-configuration. [Raw Data] CB030_(-)-Epicatechin_pos_20eV_CB000016.txt [Raw Data] CB030_(-)-Epicatechin_pos_50eV_CB000016.txt [Raw Data] CB030_(-)-Epicatechin_pos_40eV_CB000016.txt [Raw Data] CB030_(-)-Epicatechin_pos_10eV_CB000016.txt [Raw Data] CB030_(-)-Epicatechin_pos_30eV_CB000016.txt [Raw Data] CB030_(-)-Epicatechin_neg_50eV_000009.txt [Raw Data] CB030_(-)-Epicatechin_neg_30eV_000009.txt [Raw Data] CB030_(-)-Epicatechin_neg_10eV_000009.txt [Raw Data] CB030_(-)-Epicatechin_neg_40eV_000009.txt [Raw Data] CB030_(-)-Epicatechin_neg_20eV_000009.txt Epicatechin. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=490-46-0 (retrieved 2024-07-09) (CAS RN: 490-46-0). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). (-)-Epicatechin inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 3.2 μM. (-)-Epicatechin inhibits the IL-1β-induced expression of iNOS by blocking the nuclear localization of the p65 subunit of NF-κB. (-)-Epicatechin inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 3.2 μM. (-)-Epicatechin inhibits the IL-1β-induced expression of iNOS by blocking the nuclear localization of the p65 subunit of NF-κB. (-)-Epicatechin inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 3.2 μM. (-)-Epicatechin inhibits the IL-1β-induced expression of iNOS by blocking the nuclear localization of the p65 subunit of NF-κB. (-)-Epicatechin inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 3.2 μM. (-)-Epicatechin inhibits the IL-1β-induced expression of iNOS by blocking the nuclear localization of the p65 subunit of NF-κB.

Cianidanol

C15H14O6 (290.079)

Catechin, also known as cyanidanol or catechuic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as catechins. Catechins are compounds containing a catechin moiety, which is a 3,4-dihydro-2-chromene-3,5.7-tiol. Catechin also belongs to the group of compounds known as flavan-3-ols (or simply flavanols), part of the chemical family of flavonoids. Catechin is one of the 4 catechin known diastereoisomers. Two of the isomers are in trans configuration and are called catechin and the other two are in cis configuration and are called epicatechin. The most common catechin isomer is the (+)-catechin. The other stereoisomer is (-)-catechin or ent-catechin. The most common epicatechin isomer is (-)-epicatechin. Catechin is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Catechin is a bitter tasting compound and is associated with the bitterness in tea. Catechin is a plant secondary metabolite. Secondary metabolites are metabolically or physiologically non-essential metabolites that may serve a role as defense or signalling molecules. In some cases they are simply molecules that arise from the incomplete metabolism of other secondary metabolites. Catechin is an antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both Catechin and (-)-Catechin (cis) forms. Outside of the human body, Catechin is found, on average, in the highest concentration in foods, such as blackcurrants (Ribes nigrum), evergreen blackberries (Rubus laciniatus), and blackberries (Rubus) and in a lower concentration in dills (Anethum graveolens), hot chocolates, and medlars (Mespilus germanica). Catechin has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as rice (Oryza sativa), apple ciders, peanuts (Arachis hypogaea), fruit juices, and red teas. This could make catechin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on Catechin. (+)-catechin is the (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite. It has a role as an antioxidant and a plant metabolite. It is an enantiomer of a (-)-catechin. An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms. Cianidanol is a natural product found in Visnea mocanera, Salacia chinensis, and other organisms with data available. Catechin is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms. See also: Gallocatechin (related); Crofelemer (monomer of); Bilberry (part of) ... View More ... Present in red wine. Widespread in plants; found in a variety of foodstuffs especies apricots, broad beans, cherries, chocolate, grapes, nectarines, red wine, rhubarb, strawberries and tea The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite. Catechin. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=154-23-4 (retrieved 2024-07-12) (CAS RN: 154-23-4). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). (±)-Catechin (rel-Cianidanol) is the racemate of Catechin. (±)-Catechin has two steric forms of (+)-Catechin and its enantiomer (-)-Catechin. (+)-Catechin inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 1.4 μM. Anticancer, anti-obesity, antidiabetic, anticardiovascular, anti-infectious, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects[1]. (±)-Catechin (rel-Cianidanol) is the racemate of Catechin. (±)-Catechin has two steric forms of (+)-Catechin and its enantiomer (-)-Catechin. (+)-Catechin inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 1.4 μM. Anticancer, anti-obesity, antidiabetic, anticardiovascular, anti-infectious, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects[1]. Catechin ((+)-Catechin) inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 1.4 μM. Catechin ((+)-Catechin) inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 1.4 μM.

Caffeine

C8H10N4O2 (194.0804)

Caffeine is a methyl xanthine alkaloid that is also classified as a purine. Formally, caffeine belongs to the class of organic compounds known as xanthines. These are purine derivatives with a ketone group conjugated at carbons 2 and 6 of the purine moiety. Caffeine is chemically related to the adenine and guanine bases of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). It is found in the seeds, nuts, or leaves of a number of plants native to Africa, East Asia and South America and helps to protect them against predator insects and to prevent germination of nearby seeds. The most well-known source of caffeine is the coffee bean. Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychostimulant drug in the world. 85\\\% of American adults consumed some form of caffeine daily, consuming 164 mg on average. Caffeine is mostly is consumed in the form of coffee. Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant that reduces fatigue and drowsiness. At normal doses, caffeine has variable effects on learning and memory, but it generally improves reaction time, wakefulness, concentration, and motor coordination. Caffeine is a proven ergogenic aid in humans. Caffeine improves athletic performance in aerobic (especially endurance sports) and anaerobic conditions. Moderate doses of caffeine (around 5 mg/kg) can improve sprint performance, cycling and running time trial performance, endurance and cycling power output (PMID: 32551869). At intake levels associated with coffee consumption, caffeine appears to exert most of its biological effects through the antagonism of the A1 and A2A subtypes of the adenosine receptor. Adenosine is an endogenous neuromodulator with mostly inhibitory effects, and adenosine antagonism by caffeine results in effects that are generally stimulatory. Some physiological effects associated with caffeine administration include central nervous system stimulation, acute elevation of blood pressure, increased metabolic rate, and diuresis. A number of in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that caffeine modulates both innate and adaptive immune responses. For instance, studies indicate that caffeine and its major metabolite paraxanthine suppress neutrophil and monocyte chemotaxis, and also suppress production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha from human blood. Caffeine has also been reported to suppress human lymphocyte function as indicated by reduced T-cell proliferation and impaired production of Th1 (interleukin [IL]-2 and interferon [IFN]-gamma), Th2 (IL-4, IL-5) and Th3 (IL-10) cytokines. Studies also indicate that caffeine suppresses antibody production. The evidence suggests that at least some of the immunomodulatory actions of caffeine are mediated via inhibition of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-phosphodiesterase (PDE), and consequential increase in intracellular cAMP concentrations. Overall, these studies indicate that caffeine, like other members of the methylxanthine family, is largely anti-inflammatory in nature, and based on the pharmacokinetics of caffeine, many of its immunomodulatory effects occur at concentrations that are relevant to normal human consumption. (PMID: 16540173). Caffeine is rapidly and almost completely absorbed in the stomach and small intestine and distributed to all tissues, including the brain. Caffeine metabolism occurs primarily in the liver, where the activity of the cytochrome P450 isoform CYP1A2 accounts for almost 95\\\% of the primary metabolism of caffeine. CYP1A2-catalyzed 3-demethylation of caffeine results in the formation of 1,7-dimethylxanthine (paraxanthine). Paraxanthine may be demethylated by CYP1A2 to form 1-methylxanthine, which may be oxidized to 1-methyluric acid by xanthine oxidase. Paraxanthine may also be hydroxylated by CYP2A6 to form 1,7-dimethyluric acid, or acetylated by N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) to form 5-acetylamino-6-formylamino-3-methyluracil, an unstable compound that may be deformylated nonenzymatically to form ... Caffeine appears as odorless white powder or white glistening needles, usually melted together. Bitter taste. Solutions in water are neutral to litmus. Odorless. (NTP, 1992) Caffeine is a trimethylxanthine in which the three methyl groups are located at positions 1, 3, and 7. A purine alkaloid that occurs naturally in tea and coffee. It has a role as a central nervous system stimulant, an EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor, an adenosine receptor antagonist, an EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor, a ryanodine receptor agonist, a fungal metabolite, an adenosine A2A receptor antagonist, a psychotropic drug, a diuretic, a food additive, an adjuvant, a plant metabolite, an environmental contaminant, a xenobiotic, a human blood serum metabolite, a mouse metabolite, a geroprotector and a mutagen. It is a purine alkaloid and a trimethylxanthine. Caffeine is a drug of the methylxanthine class used for a variety of purposes, including certain respiratory conditions of the premature newborn, pain relief, and to combat drowsiness. Caffeine is similar in chemical structure to [Theophylline] and [Theobromine]. It can be sourced from coffee beans, but also occurs naturally in various teas and cacao beans, which are different than coffee beans. Caffeine is also used in a variety of cosmetic products and can be administered topically, orally, by inhalation, or by injection. The caffeine citrate injection, used for apnea of the premature newborn, was initially approved by the FDA in 1999. According to an article from 2017, more than 15 million babies are born prematurely worldwide. This correlates to about 1 in 10 births. Premature birth can lead to apnea and bronchopulmonary dysplasia, a condition that interferes with lung development and may eventually cause asthma or early onset emphysema in those born prematurely. Caffeine is beneficial in preventing and treating apnea and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in newborns, improving the quality of life of premature infants. Caffeine is a Central Nervous System Stimulant and Methylxanthine. The physiologic effect of caffeine is by means of Central Nervous System Stimulation. Caffeine is xanthine alkaloid that occurs naturally in seeds, leaves and fruit of several plants and trees that acts as a natural pesticide. Caffeine is a major component of coffee, tea and chocolate and in humans acts as a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant. Consumption of caffeine, even in high doses, has not been associated with elevations in serum enzyme elevations or instances of clinically apparent liver injury. Caffeine is a natural product found in Mus musculus, Herrania cuatrecasana, and other organisms with data available. Caffeine is a methylxanthine alkaloid found in the seeds, nuts, or leaves of a number of plants native to South America and East Asia that is structurally related to adenosine and acts primarily as an adenosine receptor antagonist with psychotropic and anti-inflammatory activities. Upon ingestion, caffeine binds to adenosine receptors in the central nervous system (CNS), which inhibits adenosine binding. This inhibits the adenosine-mediated downregulation of CNS activity; thus, stimulating the activity of the medullary, vagal, vasomotor, and respiratory centers in the brain. This agent also promotes neurotransmitter release that further stimulates the CNS. The anti-inflammatory effects of caffeine are due the nonselective competitive inhibition of phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Inhibition of PDEs raises the intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP), activates protein kinase A, and inhibits leukotriene synthesis, which leads to reduced inflammation and innate immunity. Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychostimulant drug in the world that mostly is consumed in the form of coffee. Whether caffeine and/or coffee consumption contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the single leading cause of death in the US, is uncle... Component of coffee beans (Coffea arabica), many other Coffea subspecies, chocolate (Theobroma cacao), tea (Camellia thea), kolanut (Cola acuminata) and several other Cola subspecies and several other plants. It is used in many cola-type beverages as a flavour enhancer. Caffeine is found in many foods, some of which are black cabbage, canola, jerusalem artichoke, and yellow bell pepper. A trimethylxanthine in which the three methyl groups are located at positions 1, 3, and 7. A purine alkaloid that occurs naturally in tea and coffee. [Raw Data] CBA01_Caffeine_pos_50eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA01_Caffeine_pos_20eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA01_Caffeine_pos_40eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA01_Caffeine_pos_10eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA01_Caffeine_pos_30eV.txt Caffeine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=58-08-2 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 58-08-2). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Procyanidin B2

C30H26O12 (578.1424)

Procyanidin B2 is a proanthocyanidin consisting of two molecules of (-)-epicatechin joined by a bond between positions 4 and 8 in a beta-configuration. Procyanidin B2 can be found in Cinchona pubescens (Chinchona, in the rind, bark and cortex), in Cinnamomum verum (Ceylon cinnamon, in the rind, bark and cortex), in Crataegus monogyna (Common hawthorn, in the flower and blossom), in Uncaria guianensis (Cats claw, in the root), in Vitis vinifera (Common grape vine, in the leaf), in Litchi chinensis (litchi, in the pericarp), in the apple, in Ecdysanthera utilis and in red wine. It has a role as a metabolite and an antioxidant. It is a hydroxyflavan, a proanthocyanidin, a biflavonoid and a polyphenol. It is functionally related to a (-)-epicatechin. Procyanidin B2 is a natural product found in Begonia fagifolia, Saraca asoca, and other organisms with data available. See also: Cocoa (part of); Primula veris flower (part of). A proanthocyanidin consisting of two molecules of (-)-epicatechin joined by a bond between positions 4 and 8 in a beta-configuration. Procyanidin B2 can be found in Cinchona pubescens (Chinchona, in the rind, bark and cortex), in Cinnamomum verum (Ceylon cinnamon, in the rind, bark and cortex), in Crataegus monogyna (Common hawthorn, in the flower and blossom), in Uncaria guianensis (Cats claw, in the root), in Vitis vinifera (Common grape vine, in the leaf), in Litchi chinensis (litchi, in the pericarp), in the apple, in Ecdysanthera utilis and in red wine. Present in red wine. Procyanidin B2 is found in many foods, some of which are alcoholic beverages, sherry, bilberry, and yellow zucchini. Procyanidin B2 is found in alcoholic beverages. Procyanidin B2 is present in red wine. Procyanidin B2 is a natural flavonoid, with anti-cancer, antioxidant activities. Procyanidin B2 is a natural flavonoid, with anti-cancer, antioxidant activities.

Theophylline

C7H8N4O2 (180.0647)

Theophylline is an odorless white crystalline powder. Odorless. Bitter taste. (NTP, 1992) Theophylline is a dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 1 and 3. It is structurally similar to caffeine and is found in green and black tea. It has a role as a vasodilator agent, a bronchodilator agent, a muscle relaxant, an EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor, an anti-asthmatic drug, an anti-inflammatory agent, an immunomodulator, an adenosine receptor antagonist, a drug metabolite, a fungal metabolite and a human blood serum metabolite. A methylxanthine derivative from tea with diuretic, smooth muscle relaxant, bronchial dilation, cardiac and central nervous system stimulant activities. Mechanistically, theophylline acts as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, adenosine receptor blocker, and histone deacetylase activator. Theophylline is marketed under several brand names such as Uniphyl and Theochron, and it is indicated mainly for asthma, bronchospasm, and COPD. Theophylline anhydrous is a Methylxanthine. Theophylline is an orally administered xanthine derivative that induces relaxation of smooth muscle in the bronchial tree causing bronchodilation. Theophylline is widely used in therapy of asthma and is not believed to cause liver injury. Theophylline is a natural product found in Theobroma grandiflorum, Coffea arabica, and other organisms with data available. Theophylline is a natural alkaloid derivative of xanthine isolated from the plants Camellia sinensis and Coffea arabica. Theophylline appears to inhibit phosphodiesterase and prostaglandin production, regulate calcium flux and intracellular calcium distribution, and antagonize adenosine. Physiologically, this agent relaxes bronchial smooth muscle, produces vasodilation (except in cerebral vessels), stimulates the CNS, stimulates cardiac muscle, induces diuresis, and increases gastric acid secretion; it may also suppress inflammation and improve contractility of the diaphragm. (NCI04) A methylxanthine derivative from tea with diuretic, smooth muscle relaxant, bronchial dilation, cardiac and central nervous system stimulant activities. Mechanistically, theophylline acts as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, adenosine receptor blocker, and histone deacetylase activator. Theophylline is marketed under several brand names such as Uniphyl and Theochron, and it is indicated mainly for asthma, bronchospasm, and COPD. A methyl xanthine derivative from tea with diuretic, smooth muscle relaxant, bronchial dilation, cardiac and central nervous system stimulant activities. Theophylline inhibits the 3,5-CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHODIESTERASE that degrades CYCLIC AMP thus potentiates the actions of agents that act through ADENYLYL CYCLASES and cyclic AMP. See also: Paullinia cupana seed (part of). Theophylline, also known as quibron TSR or uniphyl, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as xanthines. These are purine derivatives with a ketone group conjugated at carbons 2 and 6 of the purine moiety. Theophylline also binds to the adenosine A2B receptor and blocks adenosine mediated bronchoconstriction. Theophylline is a drug which is used for the treatment of the symptoms and reversible airflow obstruction associated with chronic asthma and other chronic lung diseases, such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Theophylline is marketed under several brand names such as Theophylline and Theochron, and it is indicated mainly for asthma, bronchospasm, and COPD. Within humans, theophylline participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, theophylline and formaldehyde can be biosynthesized from caffeine; which is mediated by the enzymes cytochrome P450 1A2, cytochrome P450 3A4, cytochrome P450 2C8, cytochrome P450 2C9, and cytochrome P450 2E1. In addition, theophylline can be converted into 1-methylxanthine and formaldehyde; which is mediated by the enzyme cytochrome P450 1A2. In humans, theophylline is involved in caffeine metabolism. Theophylline is a bitter tasting compound. Outside of the human body, Theophylline is found, on average, in the highest concentration within cocoa beans and tea. Theophylline has also been detected, but not quantified in a few different foods, such as arabica coffee, lemons, and pummelo. This could make theophylline a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Theophylline is a potentially toxic compound. A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 1 and 3. It is structurally similar to caffeine and is found in green and black tea. Theophylline, also known as 1,3-dimethylxanthine, is a drug that inhibits phosphodiesterase and blocks adenosine receptors.[1] It is used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma.[2] Its pharmacology is similar to other methylxanthine drugs (e.g., theobromine and caffeine).[1] Trace amounts of theophylline are naturally present in tea, coffee, chocolate, yerba maté, guarana, and kola nut.[1][3] The name 'theophylline' derives from "Thea"—the former genus name for tea + Legacy Greek φύλλον (phúllon, "leaf") + -ine. The use of theophylline is complicated by its interaction with various drugs and by the fact that it has a narrow therapeutic window (<20 mcg/mL).[2] Its use must be monitored by direct measurement of serum theophylline levels to avoid toxicity. It can also cause nausea, diarrhea, increase in heart rate, abnormal heart rhythms, and CNS excitation (headaches, insomnia, irritability, dizziness and lightheadedness).[2][11] Seizures can also occur in severe cases of toxicity, and are considered to be a neurological emergency.[2] Its toxicity is increased by erythromycin, cimetidine, and fluoroquinolones, such as ciprofloxacin. Some lipid-based formulations of theophylline can result in toxic theophylline levels when taken with fatty meals, an effect called dose dumping, but this does not occur with most formulations of theophylline.[12] Theophylline toxicity can be treated with beta blockers. In addition to seizures, tachyarrhythmias are a major concern.[13] Theophylline should not be used in combination with the SSRI fluvoxamine.[14][15] Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) is a potent phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, adenosine receptor antagonist, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) inhibits PDE3 activity to relax airway smooth muscle. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) has anti-inflammatory activity by increase IL-10 and inhibit NF-κB into the nucleus. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) induces apoptosis. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) can be used for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research[1][2][3][4][5]. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) is a potent phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, adenosine receptor antagonist, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) inhibits PDE3 activity to relax airway smooth muscle. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) has anti-inflammatory activity by increase IL-10 and inhibit NF-κB into the nucleus. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) induces apoptosis. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) can be used for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research[1][2][3][4][5]. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) is a potent phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, adenosine receptor antagonist, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) inhibits PDE3 activity to relax airway smooth muscle. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) has anti-inflammatory activity by increase IL-10 and inhibit NF-κB into the nucleus. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) induces apoptosis. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) can be used for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research[1][2][3][4][5]. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) is a potent phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, adenosine receptor antagonist, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) inhibits PDE3 activity to relax airway smooth muscle. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) has anti-inflammatory activity by increase IL-10 and inhibit NF-κB into the nucleus. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) induces apoptosis. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) can be used for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research[1][2][3][4][5].

Theobromine

C7H8N4O2 (180.0647)

Theobromine is an odorless white crystalline powder. Bitter taste. pH (saturated solution in water): 5.5-7. (NTP, 1992) Theobromine, also known as xantheose, is the principal alkaloid of Theobroma cacao (cacao plant).[4] Theobromine is slightly water-soluble (330 mg/L) with a bitter taste.[5] In industry, theobromine is used as an additive and precursor to some cosmetics.[4] It is found in chocolate, as well as in a number of other foods, including tea (Camellia sinensis), some American hollies (yaupon and guayusa) and the kola nut. It is a white or colourless solid, but commercial samples can appear yellowish.[5] Theobromine is a dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 3 and 7. A purine alkaloid derived from the cacao plant, it is found in chocolate, as well as in a number of other foods, and is a vasodilator, diuretic and heart stimulator. It has a role as an adenosine receptor antagonist, a food component, a plant metabolite, a human blood serum metabolite, a mouse metabolite, a vasodilator agent and a bronchodilator agent. Theobromine (3,7-dimethylxanthine) is the principle alkaloid in Theobroma cacao (the cacao bean) and other plants. A xanthine alkaloid that is used as a bronchodilator and as a vasodilator. It has a weaker diuretic activity than theophylline and is also a less powerful stimulant of smooth muscle. It has practically no stimulant effect on the central nervous system. It was formerly used as a diuretic and in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, pp1318-9) Theobromine is a natural product found in Theobroma grandiflorum, Theobroma mammosum, and other organisms with data available. 3,7-Dimethylxanthine. The principle alkaloid in Theobroma cacao (the cacao bean) and other plants. A xanthine alkaloid that is used as a bronchodilator and as a vasodilator. It has a weaker diuretic activity than THEOPHYLLINE and is also a less powerful stimulant of smooth muscle. It has practically no stimulant effect on the central nervous system. It was formerly used as a diuretic and in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, pp1318-9) See also: Paullinia cupana seed (part of). Theobromine, or 3,7-Dimethylxanthine, is the principle alkaloid in Theobroma cacao (the cacao bean) and other plants. A xanthine alkaloid that is used as a bronchodilator and as a vasodilator. It has a weaker diuretic activity than theophylline and is also a less powerful stimulant of smooth muscle. It has practically no stimulant effect on the central nervous system. It was formerly used as a diuretic and in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. Theobromine is a bitter alkaloid of the methylxanthine family, which also includes the similar compounds theophylline and caffeine. Despite its name, the compound contains no bromine. Theobromine is derived from Theobroma, the genus of the cacao tree, which is composed of the Greek roots theo ("God") and broma ("food"), meaning "food of the gods". It is the primary alkaloid found in cocoa and chocolate, and is one of the causes for chocolates mood-elevating effects. The amount found in chocolate is small enough that chocolate can be safely consumed by humans in large quantities, but animals that metabolize theobromine more slowly, such as cats and dogs, can easily consume enough chocolate to cause chocolate poisoning. Theobromine is a stimulant frequently confused with caffeine. Theobromine has very different effects on the human body from caffeine; it is a mild, lasting stimulant with a mood improving effect, whereas caffeine has a strong, immediate effect and increases stress. In medicine, it is used as a diuretic, vasodilator, and myocardial stimulant. There is a possible association between prostate cancer and theobromine. Theobromine is a contributing factor in acid reflux because it relaxes the esophageal sphincter muscle, allowing stomach acid access to the esophagus. A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 3 and 7. A purine alkaloid derived from the cacao plant, it is found in chocolate, as well as in a number of other foods, and is a vasodilator, diuretic and heart stimulator. Constituent of tea leaves (Camellia thea), cocoa Theobroma cacao, cola nut (Cola acuminata) and guarana (Paullinia cupana); flavouring ingredient with a bitter taste Biosynthesis Theobromine is a purine alkaloid derived from xanthosine, a nucleoside. Cleavage of the ribose and N-methylation yields 7-methylxanthosine. 7-Methylxanthosine in turn is the precursor to theobromine, which in turn is the precursor to caffeine.[24] Even without dietary intake, theobromine may occur in the body as it is a product of the human metabolism of caffeine, which is metabolised in the liver into 12\% theobromine, 4\% theophylline, and 84\% paraxanthine.[25] In the liver, theobromine is metabolized into xanthine and subsequently into methyluric acid.[26] Important enzymes include CYP1A2 and CYP2E1.[27] The elimination half life of theobromine is between 6 and 8 hours.[1][2] Unlike caffeine, which is highly water-soluble, theobromine is only slightly water-soluble and is more fat soluble, and thus peaks more slowly in the blood. While caffeine peaks after only 30 minutes, theobromine requires 2–3 hours to peak.[28] The primary mechanism of action for theobromine inside the body is inhibition of adenosine receptors.[5] Its effect as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor[29] is thought to be small.[5]

beta-Sitosterol

C29H50O (414.3861)

beta-Sitosterol, a main dietary phytosterol found in plants, may have the potential for prevention and therapy for human cancer. Phytosterols are plant sterols found in foods such as oils, nuts, and vegetables. Phytosterols, in the same way as cholesterol, contain a double bond and are susceptible to oxidation, and are characterized by anti-carcinogenic and anti-atherogenic properties (PMID:13129445, 11432711). beta-Sitosterol is a phytopharmacological extract containing a mixture of phytosterols, with smaller amounts of other sterols, bonded with glucosides. These phytosterols are commonly derived from the South African star grass, Hypoxis rooperi, or from species of Pinus and Picea. The purported active constituent is termed beta-sitosterol. Additionally, the quantity of beta-sitosterol-beta-D-glucoside is often reported. Although the exact mechanism of action of beta-sitosterols is unknown, it may be related to cholesterol metabolism or anti-inflammatory effects (via interference with prostaglandin metabolism). Compared with placebo, beta-sitosterol improved urinary symptom scores and flow measures (PMID:10368239). A plant food-based diet modifies the serum beta-sitosterol concentration in hyperandrogenic postmenopausal women. This finding indicates that beta-sitosterol can be used as a biomarker of exposure in observational studies or as a compliance indicator in dietary intervention studies of cancer prevention (PMID:14652381). beta-Sitosterol induces apoptosis and activates key caspases in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells (PMID:12579296). Sitosterol is a member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. It has a role as a sterol methyltransferase inhibitor, an anticholesteremic drug, an antioxidant, a plant metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a 3beta-sterol, a stigmastane sterol, a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid, a C29-steroid and a member of phytosterols. It derives from a hydride of a stigmastane. Active fraction of Solanum trilobatum; reduces side-effects of radiation-induced toxicity. Beta-Sitosterol is a natural product found in Elodea canadensis, Ophiopogon intermedius, and other organisms with data available. beta-Sitosterol is one of several phytosterols (plant sterols) with chemical structures similar to that of cholesterol. Sitosterols are white, waxy powders with a characteristic odor. They are hydrophobic and soluble in alcohols. beta-Sitosterol is found in many foods, some of which are ginseng, globe artichoke, sesbania flower, and common oregano. C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28178 - Phytosterol > C68437 - Unsaturated Phytosterol D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1]. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1].

beta-Sitosterol 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside

C35H60O6 (576.439)

Daucosterol is a steroid saponin that is sitosterol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has bee isolated from Panax japonicus var. major and Breynia fruticosa. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a steroid saponin, a beta-D-glucoside and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a sitosterol. It derives from a hydride of a stigmastane. Sitogluside is a natural product found in Ophiopogon intermedius, Ophiopogon jaburan, and other organisms with data available. beta-Sitosterol 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside is found in herbs and spices. beta-Sitosterol 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside is a constituent of Hibiscus sabdariffa (roselle) leaves. C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent Daucosterol is a natural sterol compound. Daucosterol is a natural sterol compound.

Procyanidin C1

C45H38O18 (866.2058)

Procyanidin C1 is a proanthocyanidin consisting of three (-)-epicatechin units joined by two successive (4beta->8)-linkages. It has a role as a metabolite, an anti-inflammatory agent, an antioxidant, a lipoxygenase inhibitor, an EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor and an EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor. It is a hydroxyflavan, a proanthocyanidin and a polyphenol. It is functionally related to a (-)-epicatechin. Procyanidin C1 is a natural product found in Campylotropis hirtella, Cinnamomum verum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Maritime Pine (part of). Procyanidin C1 is found in apple. Proanthocyanidin C1 is a B type proanthocyanidin. It is an epicatechin trimer found in grape (Vitis vinifera). (Wikipedia). Proanthocyanidin C1 is a B type proanthocyanidin. It is an epicatechin trimer found in grape (Vitis vinifera). [Wikipedia] A proanthocyanidin consisting of three (-)-epicatechin units joined by two successive (4beta->8)-linkages. Procyanidin C1 (PCC1), a natural polyphenol with oral activity, causes DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and induces apoptosis. Procyanidin C1 decreases the level of Bcl-2, but enhances BAX, caspase 3 and 9 expression in cancer cells. Procyanidin C1 shows senotherapeutic activity and increases lifespan in mice[1][2]. Procyanidin C1 (PCC1), a natural polyphenol with oral activity, causes DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and induces apoptosis. Procyanidin C1 decreases the level of Bcl-2, but enhances BAX, caspase 3 and 9 expression in cancer cells. Procyanidin C1 shows senotherapeutic activity and increases lifespan in mice[1][2].

(+)-Epicatechin

C15H14O6 (290.079)

(+)-epicatechin is a catechin that is flavan carrying five hydroxy substituents at positions 3, 3, 4, 5 and 7 (the 2S,3S-stereoisomer). It has a role as a cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor and a plant metabolite. It is a catechin and a polyphenol. It is an enantiomer of a (-)-epicatechin. (+)-Epicatechin is a natural product found in Gambeya perpulchra, Pavetta owariensis, and other organisms with data available. (+)-Epicatechin or ent-Epicatechin is one of the 4 catechin diastereoisomers. ent-Epicatechin is found in many foods, some of which are tea, apple, star fruit, and common buckwheat. A catechin that is flavan carrying five hydroxy substituents at positions 3, 3, 4, 5 and 7 (the 2S,3S-stereoisomer). (+)-Epicatechin is found in apple. (+)-Epicatechin or ent-Epicatechin is one of the 4 catechin diastereoisomers. C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST.

Polylimonene

C10H16 (136.1252)

Dipentene appears as a colorless liquid with an odor of lemon. Flash point 113 °F. Density about 7.2 lb /gal and insoluble in water. Hence floats on water. Vapors heavier than air. Used as a solvent for rosin, waxes, rubber; as a dispersing agent for oils, resins, paints, lacquers, varnishes, and in floor waxes and furniture polishes. Limonene is a monoterpene that is cyclohex-1-ene substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4 respectively. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is a cycloalkene and a p-menthadiene. Limonene is a natural product found in Teucrium montanum, Xylopia aromatica, and other organisms with data available. Limonene, (+/-)- is a racemic mixture of limonene, a natural cyclic monoterpene and major component of the oil extracted from citrus rind with chemo-preventive and antitumor activities. The metabolites of DL-limonene, perillic acid, dihydroperillic acid, uroterpenol and limonene 1,2-diol are suggested to inhibit tumor growth through inhibition of p21-dependent signaling, induce apoptosis via the induction of the transforming growth factor beta-signaling pathway, inhibit post-translational modification of signal transduction proteins, result in G1 cell cycle arrest as well as cause differential expression of cell cycle- and apoptosis-related genes. Limonene is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A naturally-occurring class of MONOTERPENES which occur as a clear colorless liquid at room temperature. Limonene is the major component in the oil of oranges which has many uses, including as flavor and fragrance. It is recognized as safe in food by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). See also: Cannabis sativa subsp. indica top (part of); Larrea tridentata whole (part of). Constituent of many essential oils. (±)-Limonene is found in many foods, some of which are common oregano, nutmeg, herbs and spices, and summer savory. Dipentene is found in carrot. Dipentene is a constituent of many essential oils

Carvacrol

C10H14O (150.1045)

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol, also known as 2-hydroxy-p-cymene or 2-p-cymenol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as aromatic monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenoids containing at least one aromatic ring. Monoterpenoids are terpenes that contain 10 carbon atoms and are comprised of two isoprene units. The biosynthesis of monoterpenes is known to occur mainly through the methyl-erythritol-phosphate (MEP) pathway in the plastids. Geranyl diphosphate (GPP) is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of cyclic monoterpenes. GPP undergoes several cyclization reactions to yield a diverse number of cyclic arrangements. 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, but fairly soluble in organic solvents. Thus, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Thymol is found in the essential oil of thyme and in the essential oils of several different plants. It can be extracted from Thymus vulgaris (common thyme), Ajwain and various other kinds of plants as a white crystalline substance of a pleasant aromatic odor and strong antiseptic properties. Thymol also provides the distinctive, strong flavor of the culinary herb thyme, also produced from T. vulgaris. Thymol has also been identified as a volatile compound found in cannabis samples obtained from police seizures (PMID:26657499 ). Carvacrol is a phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. An inhibitor of bacterial growth, it is used as a food additive. Potent activator of the human ion channels transient receptor potential V3 (TRPV3) and A1 (TRPA1). It has a role as a volatile oil component, a flavouring agent, an antimicrobial agent, an agrochemical and a TRPA1 channel agonist. It is a member of phenols, a p-menthane monoterpenoid and a botanical anti-fungal agent. It derives from a hydride of a p-cymene. Carvacrol is a natural product found in Xylopia aromatica, Xylopia sericea, and other organisms with data available. Carvacrol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Oregano Leaf Oil (part of). A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. An inhibitor of bacterial growth, it is used as a food additive. Potent activator of the human ion channels transient receptor potential V3 (TRPV3) and A1 (TRPA1). Constituent of many essential oils. Especies found in the Labiatae. Thyme oil (=70\\\\%) and Origanum oil (=80\\\\%) are rich sources. Flavouring ingredient COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Carvacrol is a monoterpenoid phenol isolated from Thymus mongolicus Ronn., with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Carvacrol causes cell cycle arrest in G0/G1, downregulates Notch-1, and Jagged-1, and induces apoptosis[1]. Carvacrol is a monoterpenoid phenol isolated from Thymus mongolicus Ronn., with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Carvacrol causes cell cycle arrest in G0/G1, downregulates Notch-1, and Jagged-1, and induces apoptosis[1].

Beta-Amyrin

C30H50O (426.3861)

Beta-amyrin is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanane substituted at the 3beta-position by a hydroxy group and containing a double bond between positions 12 and 13. It is one of the most commonly occurring triterpenoids in higher plants. It has a role as a plant metabolite and an Aspergillus metabolite. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a secondary alcohol. It derives from a hydride of an oleanane. beta-Amyrin is a natural product found in Ficus pertusa, Ficus septica, and other organisms with data available. See also: Calendula Officinalis Flower (part of); Viburnum opulus bark (part of); Centaurium erythraea whole (part of). A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanane substituted at the 3beta-position by a hydroxy group and containing a double bond between positions 12 and 13. It is one of the most commonly occurring triterpenoids in higher plants. β-Amyrin, an ingredient of Celastrus hindsii, blocks amyloid β (Aβ)-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) impairment. β-amyrin is a promising candidate of treatment for AD[1]. β-Amyrin, an ingredient of Celastrus hindsii, blocks amyloid β (Aβ)-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) impairment. β-amyrin is a promising candidate of treatment for AD[1].

Anethole

C10H12O (148.0888)

Present in anise, fennel and other plant oils. Extensively used in flavour industry. Anethole is found in many foods, some of which are white mustard, fennel, allspice, and sweet basil. cis-Anethole is found in anise. Only a low level is permitted in flavours Anethole is a type of aromatic compound used as a flavoring. It is a derivative of Phenylpropene and widely exists in nature. Anethole is a type of aromatic compound used as a flavoring. It is a derivative of Phenylpropene and widely exists in nature. Trans-Anethole ((E)-Anethole), a phenylpropene derivative isolated from Foeniculum vulgare, shows estrogenic activity at lower concentrations and cytotoxic at higher concentrations in cancer cell lines[1][2]. Trans-Anethole ((E)-Anethole) contributes a large component of the odor and flavor of anise and fennel, anise myrtle, liquorice, camphor, magnolia blossoms, and star anise[3]. Trans-Anethole ((E)-Anethole), a phenylpropene derivative isolated from Foeniculum vulgare, shows estrogenic activity at lower concentrations and cytotoxic at higher concentrations in cancer cell lines[1][2]. Trans-Anethole ((E)-Anethole) contributes a large component of the odor and flavor of anise and fennel, anise myrtle, liquorice, camphor, magnolia blossoms, and star anise[3].

4-Tert-Amylphenol

C11H16O (164.1201)

procyanidin B2

C30H26O12 (578.1424)

Annotation level-1 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Procyanidin B2 is a natural flavonoid, with anti-cancer, antioxidant activities. Procyanidin B2 is a natural flavonoid, with anti-cancer, antioxidant activities.

1-Methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)benzene

C10H12O (148.0888)

1-Methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)benzene, also known as methylchavicol or estragol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as anisoles. These are organic compounds containing a methoxybenzene or a derivative thereof. 1-Methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)benzene is a sweet, alcohol, and anise tasting compound. 1-Methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)benzene is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as anises, fennels, and sweet basils and in a lower concentration in cumins, tarragons, and parsley. 1-Methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)benzene has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as citrus, chinese cinnamons, caraway, fats and oils, and cloves. This could make 1-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)benzene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. 1-Methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)benzene, with regard to humans, has been linked to the inborn metabolic disorder celiac disease. Constituent of many essential oils. Found in apple, bilberry and orange fruits and juices. Flavouring agent. Estragole (4-Allylanisole), a relatively nontoxic volatile terpenoid ether, is a major component of the essential oil of many plants. Estragole dose-dependently blocks nerve excitability[1]. Estragole displays anti-toxoplasma activity[2]. Estragole (4-Allylanisole), a relatively nontoxic volatile terpenoid ether, is a major component of the essential oil of many plants. Estragole dose-dependently blocks nerve excitability[1]. Estragole displays anti-toxoplasma activity[2].

Copaene

C15H24 (204.1878)

alpha-Copaene, also known as aglaiene, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. These are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units. alpha-Copaene is possibly neutral. alpha-Copaene is a spice and woody tasting compound that can be found in several food items such as lime, mandarin orange (clementine, tangerine), safflower, and summer savoury, which makes alpha-copaene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. alpha-Copaene can be found in feces and saliva. Alpha-copaene, also known as copaene, is a member of the class of compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. Sesquiterpenoids are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units. Alpha-copaene is a spice and woody tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as lime, mandarin orange (clementine, tangerine), safflower, and summer savory, which makes alpha-copaene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Alpha-copaene can be found primarily in feces and saliva. 8-Isopropyl-1,3-dimethyltricyclo(4.4.0.02,7)dec-3-ene is a natural product found in Pinus sylvestris var. hamata, Asarum gusk, and other organisms with data available.

Proanthocyanidin A2

C30H24O12 (576.1268)

Isolated from cassia bark (Cinnamomum aromaticum). Proanthocyanidin A2 is found in many foods, some of which are herbs and spices, cinnamon, avocado, and lingonberry. Proanthocyanidin A2 is found in apple. Proanthocyanidin A2 is isolated from cassia bark (Cinnamomum aromaticum). Procyanidin A1 (Proanthocyanidin A1) is a procyanidin dimer, which inhibits degranulation downstream of protein kinase C activation or Ca2+ influx from an internal store in RBL-213 cells. Procyanidin A1 has antiallergic effects[1]. Procyanidin A1 (Proanthocyanidin A1) is a procyanidin dimer, which inhibits degranulation downstream of protein kinase C activation or Ca2+ influx from an internal store in RBL-213 cells. Procyanidin A1 has antiallergic effects[1]. Procyanidin A2 is a flavonoid found in grapes, with anti-cancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammation activity[1][2]. Procyanidin A2 is a flavonoid found in grapes, with anti-cancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammation activity[1][2].

beta-Caryophyllene

C15H24 (204.1878)

beta-Caryophyllene, also known as caryophyllene or (−)-β-caryophyllene, is a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene that is a constituent of many essential oils including that of Syzygium aromaticum (cloves), Cannabis sativa, rosemary, and hops. It is usually found as a mixture with isocaryophyllene (the cis double bond isomer) and α-humulene (obsolete name: α-caryophyllene), a ring-opened isomer. beta-Caryophyllene is notable for having both a cyclobutane ring and a trans-double bond in a nine-membered ring, both rarities in nature (Wikipedia). beta-Caryophyllene is a sweet and dry tasting compound that can be found in a number of food items such as allspice, fig, pot marjoram, and roman camomile, which makes beta-caryophyllene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. beta-Caryophyllene can be found in feces and saliva. (-)-Caryophyllene. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=87-44-5 (retrieved 2024-08-07) (CAS RN: 87-44-5). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). β-Caryophyllene is a CB2 receptor agonist. β-Caryophyllene is a CB2 receptor agonist.

Paullinic acid

C20H38O2 (310.2872)

Paullinic acid is found in fats and oils. Paullinic acid is isolated from herring oil and rapeseed oil and from various Sapindacea Paullinic acid is a long-chain fatty acid that has been detected in multiple biofluids, such as blood and urine.

Procyanidin

C30H26O12 (578.1424)

Procyanidin B4 is a proanthocyanidin obtained by the condensation of (-)-epicatechin and (+)-catechin units. It has a role as an antioxidant, an EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor and an antineoplastic agent. It is a proanthocyanidin and a hydroxyflavan. It is functionally related to a (-)-epicatechin and a (+)-catechin. Procyanidin B4 is a natural product found in Cinnamomum iners, Rosa henryi, and other organisms with data available. Procyanidins are a subclass of flavonoids found in commonly consumed foods such as red wine, chocolate, cranberry juice and apples and have gain attraction for their potential health benefits. Occurs in Rubus fruticosus (blackberry) and Rubus idaeus (raspberry). Procyanidin B4 is found in many foods, some of which are pear, bilberry, common wheat, and green bean. A proanthocyanidin obtained by the condensation of (-)-epicatechin and (+)-catechin units.

cis-vaccenic acid

C18H34O2 (282.2559)

The cis- isomer of vaccenic acid.

Procyanidin B1

C30H26O12 (578.1424)

Procyanidin B1 is a proanthocyanidin consisting of (-)-epicatechin and (+)-catechin units joined by a bond between positions 4 and 8 respectively in a beta-configuration.. Procyanidin B1 can be found in Cinnamomum verum (Ceylon cinnamon, in the rind, bark or cortex), in Uncaria guianensis (cats claw, in the root), and in Vitis vinifera (common grape vine, in the leaf) or in peach. It has a role as a metabolite, an EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is a hydroxyflavan, a proanthocyanidin, a biflavonoid and a polyphenol. It is functionally related to a (-)-epicatechin and a (+)-catechin. Procyanidin B1 is a natural product found in Quercus miyagii, Saraca asoca, and other organisms with data available. See also: Garcinia mangostana fruit rind (part of); Maritime Pine (part of). A proanthocyanidin consisting of (-)-epicatechin and (+)-catechin units joined by a bond between positions 4 and 8 respectively in a beta-configuration.. Procyanidin B1 can be found in Cinnamomum verum (Ceylon cinnamon, in the rind, bark or cortex), in Uncaria guianensis (cats claw, in the root), and in Vitis vinifera (common grape vine, in the leaf) or in peach. Present in red wine. Procyanidin B1 is found in many foods, some of which are common bean, green bell pepper, common hazelnut, and guava. Procyanidin B1 is found in alcoholic beverages. Procyanidin B1 is present in red win Procyanidin B1 is a polyphenolic flavonoid isolated from commonly eaten fruits, binds to TLR4/MD-2 complex, and has anti-inflammatory activity. Procyanidin B1 is a polyphenolic flavonoid isolated from commonly eaten fruits, binds to TLR4/MD-2 complex, and has anti-inflammatory activity.

Procyanidin B3

C30H26O12 (578.1424)

Procyanidin B3 is a proanthocyanidin consisting of two molecules of (+)-catechin joined by a bond between positions 4 and 8 in alpha-configuration. It can be found in red wine, in barley, in beer, in peach or in Jatropha macrantha, the Huanarpo Macho. It has a role as a metabolite, an antioxidant, an anti-inflammatory agent and an EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor. It is a hydroxyflavan, a proanthocyanidin, a biflavonoid and a polyphenol. It is functionally related to a (+)-catechin. Procyanidin B3 is a natural product found in Quercus dentata, Quercus miyagii, and other organisms with data available. Present in red wine. Occurs in Fragaria subspecies Procyanidin B3 is found in many foods, some of which are quince, strawberry, bilberry, and japanese persimmon. Procyanidin B3 is found in alcoholic beverages. Procyanidin B3 is present in red wine. Procyanidin B3 occurs in Fragaria species. Procyanidin B3 is a natural product, acts as a specific HAT inhibitor, binds to the other site of p300 instead of the active site, selectively inhibits p300-mediated androgen receptor acetylation. Procyanidin B3 has no effect on HDAC or HMT (histone methyltransferase)[1]. Procyanidin B3 is a natural product, acts as a specific HAT inhibitor, binds to the other site of p300 instead of the active site, selectively inhibits p300-mediated androgen receptor acetylation. Procyanidin B3 has no effect on HDAC or HMT (histone methyltransferase)[1].

cis-Vaccenic acid

C18H34O2 (282.2559)

cis-11-Octadecenoic acid, also known as (Z)-octadec-11-enoic acid or asclepic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. cis-11-Octadecenoic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Occurs in small proportions in ruminant fats (e.g., butter) via biohydrogenation of dietary polyene acids. Vaccenic acid is found in many foods, some of which are almond, romaine lettuce, butter, and pak choy. trans-Vaccenic acid is a precursor for the synthesis of saturated fatty acid in the rumen and of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) at the tissue level. trans-Vaccenic acid is a precursor for the synthesis of saturated fatty acid in the rumen and of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) at the tissue level.

beta-Amyrin

C30H50O (426.3861)

Beta-amryin, also known as B-amryin, is a member of the class of compounds known as triterpenoids. Triterpenoids are terpene molecules containing six isoprene units. Beta-amryin is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Beta-amryin can be found in pigeon pea, which makes beta-amryin a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.

Procyanidin A1

C30H24O12 (576.1268)

Procyanidin a1 is a member of the class of compounds known as biflavonoids and polyflavonoids. Biflavonoids and polyflavonoids are organic compounds containing at least two flavan/flavone units. These units are usually linked through CC or C-O-C bonds. Some examples include C2-O-C3, C2-O-C4, C3-C3, and C6-C8. Procyanidin a1 is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Procyanidin a1 can be found in bilberry, which makes procyanidin a1 a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Procyanidin A1 (Proanthocyanidin A1) is a procyanidin dimer, which inhibits degranulation downstream of protein kinase C activation or Ca2+ influx from an internal store in RBL-213 cells. Procyanidin A1 has antiallergic effects[1]. Procyanidin A1 (Proanthocyanidin A1) is a procyanidin dimer, which inhibits degranulation downstream of protein kinase C activation or Ca2+ influx from an internal store in RBL-213 cells. Procyanidin A1 has antiallergic effects[1].

Arecatannin A1

C45H38O18 (866.2058)

Arecatannin a1 is a member of the class of compounds known as biflavonoids and polyflavonoids. Biflavonoids and polyflavonoids are organic compounds containing at least two flavan/flavone units. These units are usually linked through CC or C-O-C bonds. Some examples include C2-O-C3, C2-O-C4, C3-C3, and C6-C8. Arecatannin a1 is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Arecatannin a1 can be found in common grape and grape wine, which makes arecatannin a1 a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

Procyanidin C2

C45H38O18 (866.2058)

Procyanidin c2, also known as C-(4,8)-C-(4,8)-C or procyanidin trimer c2, is a member of the class of compounds known as biflavonoids and polyflavonoids. Biflavonoids and polyflavonoids are organic compounds containing at least two flavan/flavone units. These units are usually linked through CC or C-O-C bonds. Some examples include C2-O-C3, C2-O-C4, C3-C3, and C6-C8. Procyanidin c2 is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Procyanidin c2 can be found in barley, beer, and common grape, which makes procyanidin c2 a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

Caffeine

C8H10N4O2 (194.0804)

N - Nervous system > N06 - Psychoanaleptics > N06B - Psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics > N06BC - Xanthine derivatives D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D058905 - Purinergic Agents > D058914 - Purinergic Antagonists D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000697 - Central Nervous System Stimulants COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D010726 - Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47795 - CNS Stimulant CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 303 EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 303; CONFIDENCE standard compound D - Dermatologicals Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

Theophylline

C7H8N4O2 (180.0647)

R - Respiratory system > R03 - Drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03D - Other systemic drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03DA - Xanthines D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents > D001993 - Bronchodilator Agents C78273 - Agent Affecting Respiratory System > C29712 - Anti-asthmatic Agent > C319 - Bronchodilator D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D058905 - Purinergic Agents > D058914 - Purinergic Antagonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D010726 - Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) is a potent phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, adenosine receptor antagonist, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) inhibits PDE3 activity to relax airway smooth muscle. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) has anti-inflammatory activity by increase IL-10 and inhibit NF-κB into the nucleus. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) induces apoptosis. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) can be used for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research[1][2][3][4][5]. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) is a potent phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, adenosine receptor antagonist, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) inhibits PDE3 activity to relax airway smooth muscle. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) has anti-inflammatory activity by increase IL-10 and inhibit NF-κB into the nucleus. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) induces apoptosis. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) can be used for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research[1][2][3][4][5]. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) is a potent phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, adenosine receptor antagonist, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) inhibits PDE3 activity to relax airway smooth muscle. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) has anti-inflammatory activity by increase IL-10 and inhibit NF-κB into the nucleus. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) induces apoptosis. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) can be used for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research[1][2][3][4][5]. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) is a potent phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, adenosine receptor antagonist, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) inhibits PDE3 activity to relax airway smooth muscle. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) has anti-inflammatory activity by increase IL-10 and inhibit NF-κB into the nucleus. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) induces apoptosis. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) can be used for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research[1][2][3][4][5].

Proanthocyanidin A2

C30H24O12 (576.1268)

Proanthocyanidin A2 is a proanthocyanidin obtained by the condensation of (-)-epicatechin units. It has a role as an antioxidant, an anti-HIV agent, a metabolite and an angiogenesis modulating agent. It is a hydroxyflavan and a proanthocyanidin. It is functionally related to a (-)-epicatechin. Proanthocyanidin A2 is a natural product found in Cinnamomum iners, Cinnamomum aromaticum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Litchi fruit (part of). Isolated from cassia bark (Cinnamomum aromaticum). Proanthocyanidin A2 is found in many foods, some of which are herbs and spices, cinnamon, avocado, and lingonberry. Proanthocyanidin A2 is found in apple. Proanthocyanidin A2 is isolated from cassia bark (Cinnamomum aromaticum). Procyanidin A2 is a flavonoid found in grapes, with anti-cancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammation activity[1][2]. Procyanidin A2 is a flavonoid found in grapes, with anti-cancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammation activity[1][2].

Proanthocyanidin A2

C30H24O12 (576.1268)

Proanthocyanidin A2 is a proanthocyanidin obtained by the condensation of (-)-epicatechin units. It has a role as an antioxidant, an anti-HIV agent, a metabolite and an angiogenesis modulating agent. It is a hydroxyflavan and a proanthocyanidin. It is functionally related to a (-)-epicatechin. Proanthocyanidin A2 is a natural product found in Cinnamomum iners, Cinnamomum aromaticum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Litchi fruit (part of). Isolated from cassia bark (Cinnamomum aromaticum). Proanthocyanidin A2 is found in many foods, some of which are herbs and spices, cinnamon, avocado, and lingonberry. Proanthocyanidin A2 is found in apple. Proanthocyanidin A2 is isolated from cassia bark (Cinnamomum aromaticum). A proanthocyanidin obtained by the condensation of (-)-epicatechin units. Procyanidin A2 is a flavonoid found in grapes, with anti-cancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammation activity[1][2]. Procyanidin A2 is a flavonoid found in grapes, with anti-cancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammation activity[1][2].

β-Amyrin

C30H50O (426.3861)

Beta-amyrin, also known as amyrin or (3beta)-olean-12-en-3-ol, is a member of the class of compounds known as triterpenoids. Triterpenoids are terpene molecules containing six isoprene units. Thus, beta-amyrin is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Beta-amyrin is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Beta-amyrin can be synthesized from oleanane. Beta-amyrin is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, erythrodiol, glycyrrhetaldehyde, and 24-hydroxy-beta-amyrin. Beta-amyrin can be found in a number of food items such as thistle, pepper (c. baccatum), wakame, and endive, which makes beta-amyrin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. The amyrins are three closely related natural chemical compounds of the triterpene class. They are designated α-amyrin (ursane skeleton), β-amyrin (oleanane skeleton) and δ-amyrin. Each is a pentacyclic triterpenol with the chemical formula C30H50O. They are widely distributed in nature and have been isolated from a variety of plant sources such as epicuticular wax. In plant biosynthesis, α-amyrin is the precursor of ursolic acid and β-amyrin is the precursor of oleanolic acid. All three amyrins occur in the surface wax of tomato fruit. α-Amyrin is found in dandelion coffee . β-Amyrin, an ingredient of Celastrus hindsii, blocks amyloid β (Aβ)-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) impairment. β-amyrin is a promising candidate of treatment for AD[1]. β-Amyrin, an ingredient of Celastrus hindsii, blocks amyloid β (Aβ)-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) impairment. β-amyrin is a promising candidate of treatment for AD[1].

sitosterol

C29H50O (414.3861)

A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28178 - Phytosterol > C68437 - Unsaturated Phytosterol D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1]. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1].

Procyanidin B1

C30H26O12 (578.1424)

Annotation level-2 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Procyanidin B1 is a polyphenolic flavonoid isolated from commonly eaten fruits, binds to TLR4/MD-2 complex, and has anti-inflammatory activity. Procyanidin B1 is a polyphenolic flavonoid isolated from commonly eaten fruits, binds to TLR4/MD-2 complex, and has anti-inflammatory activity.

Catechin

C15H14O6 (290.079)

Annotation level-1 Catechin ((+)-Catechin) inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 1.4 μM. Catechin ((+)-Catechin) inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 1.4 μM.

Diosmetin 7-Apiosyl-(1->2)-(6-acetylglucoside)

C29H32O16 (636.169)

Tricetin 4-methyl ether 7-apiosyl-(1->2)-(6-acetylglucoside)

C29H32O17 (652.1639)

Daucosterol

C35H60O6 (576.439)

Daucosterol is a steroid saponin that is sitosterol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has bee isolated from Panax japonicus var. major and Breynia fruticosa. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a steroid saponin, a beta-D-glucoside and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a sitosterol. It derives from a hydride of a stigmastane. Sitogluside is a natural product found in Ophiopogon intermedius, Ophiopogon jaburan, and other organisms with data available. A steroid saponin that is sitosterol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has bee isolated from Panax japonicus var. major and Breynia fruticosa. C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent Daucosterol is a natural sterol compound. Daucosterol is a natural sterol compound.

Anethole

C10H12O (148.0888)

Anethole appears as white crystals or a liquid. Odor of anise oil and a sweet taste. (NTP, 1992) Anethole is a monomethoxybenzene that is methoxybenzene substituted by a prop-1-en-1-yl group at position 4. It has a role as a plant metabolite. Anethole is a natural product found in Erucaria microcarpa, Anemopsis californica, and other organisms with data available. Anethole is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A monomethoxybenzene that is methoxybenzene substituted by a prop-1-en-1-yl group at position 4. D000074385 - Food Ingredients > D005503 - Food Additives D010592 - Pharmaceutic Aids > D005421 - Flavoring Agents Anethole is a type of aromatic compound used as a flavoring. It is a derivative of Phenylpropene and widely exists in nature. Anethole is a type of aromatic compound used as a flavoring. It is a derivative of Phenylpropene and widely exists in nature. Trans-Anethole ((E)-Anethole), a phenylpropene derivative isolated from Foeniculum vulgare, shows estrogenic activity at lower concentrations and cytotoxic at higher concentrations in cancer cell lines[1][2]. Trans-Anethole ((E)-Anethole) contributes a large component of the odor and flavor of anise and fennel, anise myrtle, liquorice, camphor, magnolia blossoms, and star anise[3]. Trans-Anethole ((E)-Anethole), a phenylpropene derivative isolated from Foeniculum vulgare, shows estrogenic activity at lower concentrations and cytotoxic at higher concentrations in cancer cell lines[1][2]. Trans-Anethole ((E)-Anethole) contributes a large component of the odor and flavor of anise and fennel, anise myrtle, liquorice, camphor, magnolia blossoms, and star anise[3].

1-Methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)benzene

C10H12O (148.0888)

1-Methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)benzene, also known as methylchavicol or estragol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as anisoles. These are organic compounds containing a methoxybenzene or a derivative thereof. 1-Methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)benzene is a sweet, alcohol, and anise tasting compound. 1-Methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)benzene is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as anises, fennels, and sweet basils and in a lower concentration in cumins, tarragons, and parsley. 1-Methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)benzene has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as citrus, chinese cinnamons, caraway, fats and oils, and cloves. This could make 1-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)benzene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. 1-Methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)benzene, with regard to humans, has been linked to the inborn metabolic disorder celiac disease. Estragole is a colorless liquid with odor of anise. Insoluble in water. Isolated from rind of persea gratissima grath. and from oil of estragon. Found in oils of Russian anise, basil, fennel turpentine, tarragon oil, anise bark oil. (NTP, 1992) Estragole is a phenylpropanoid that is chavicol in which the hydroxy group is replaced by a methoxy group. It has a role as a flavouring agent, an insect attractant, a plant metabolite, a genotoxin and a carcinogenic agent. It is an alkenylbenzene, a monomethoxybenzene and a phenylpropanoid. It is functionally related to a chavicol. Estragole is a natural product found in Vitis rotundifolia, Chaerophyllum macrospermum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Anise Oil (part of). Constituent of many essential oils. Found in apple, bilberry and orange fruits and juices. Flavouring agent. A phenylpropanoid that is chavicol in which the hydroxy group is replaced by a methoxy group. Estragole (4-Allylanisole), a relatively nontoxic volatile terpenoid ether, is a major component of the essential oil of many plants. Estragole dose-dependently blocks nerve excitability[1]. Estragole displays anti-toxoplasma activity[2]. Estragole (4-Allylanisole), a relatively nontoxic volatile terpenoid ether, is a major component of the essential oil of many plants. Estragole dose-dependently blocks nerve excitability[1]. Estragole displays anti-toxoplasma activity[2].

Caffeine

C8H10N4O2 (194.0804)

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1199; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5866; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5861 N - Nervous system > N06 - Psychoanaleptics > N06B - Psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics > N06BC - Xanthine derivatives D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D058905 - Purinergic Agents > D058914 - Purinergic Antagonists D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000697 - Central Nervous System Stimulants COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D010726 - Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47795 - CNS Stimulant D - Dermatologicals Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1199; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5880; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5879 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1199; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5893; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5892 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1199; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5916; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5911 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1199; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5923; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5921 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1199; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5924; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5922 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2766 MS2 deconvoluted using MS2Dec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N_STSL_0030_Caffeine_0500fmol_180410_S2_LC02_MS02_97; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. MS2 deconvoluted using CorrDec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 1079 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 50 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8666 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.568 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.560 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4089 IPB_RECORD: 3001; CONFIDENCE confident structure

Procyanidin C1

C45H38O18 (866.2058)

Annotation level-1 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Procyanidin C1 (PCC1), a natural polyphenol with oral activity, causes DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and induces apoptosis. Procyanidin C1 decreases the level of Bcl-2, but enhances BAX, caspase 3 and 9 expression in cancer cells. Procyanidin C1 shows senotherapeutic activity and increases lifespan in mice[1][2]. Procyanidin C1 (PCC1), a natural polyphenol with oral activity, causes DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and induces apoptosis. Procyanidin C1 decreases the level of Bcl-2, but enhances BAX, caspase 3 and 9 expression in cancer cells. Procyanidin C1 shows senotherapeutic activity and increases lifespan in mice[1][2].

theobromine

C7H8N4O2 (180.0647)

R - Respiratory system > R03 - Drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03D - Other systemic drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03DA - Xanthines C - Cardiovascular system > C03 - Diuretics > C03B - Low-ceiling diuretics, excl. thiazides > C03BD - Xanthine derivatives D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents > D001993 - Bronchodilator Agents C78273 - Agent Affecting Respiratory System > C29712 - Anti-asthmatic Agent > C319 - Bronchodilator D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents MS2 deconvoluted using MS2Dec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; YAPQBXQYLJRXSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N_STSL_0032_Theobromine_8000fmol_180416_S2_LC02_MS02_45; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. MS2 deconvoluted using CorrDec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.367 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.359

Theophylline

C7H8N4O2 (180.0647)

R - Respiratory system > R03 - Drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03D - Other systemic drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03DA - Xanthines D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents > D001993 - Bronchodilator Agents C78273 - Agent Affecting Respiratory System > C29712 - Anti-asthmatic Agent > C319 - Bronchodilator D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D058905 - Purinergic Agents > D058914 - Purinergic Antagonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D010726 - Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents MS2 deconvoluted using MS2Dec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; ZFXYFBGIUFBOJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N_STSL_0031_Theophylline_0500fmol_180416_S2_LC02_MS02_19; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. MS2 deconvoluted using CorrDec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) is a potent phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, adenosine receptor antagonist, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) inhibits PDE3 activity to relax airway smooth muscle. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) has anti-inflammatory activity by increase IL-10 and inhibit NF-κB into the nucleus. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) induces apoptosis. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) can be used for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research[1][2][3][4][5]. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) is a potent phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, adenosine receptor antagonist, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) inhibits PDE3 activity to relax airway smooth muscle. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) has anti-inflammatory activity by increase IL-10 and inhibit NF-κB into the nucleus. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) induces apoptosis. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) can be used for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research[1][2][3][4][5]. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) is a potent phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, adenosine receptor antagonist, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) inhibits PDE3 activity to relax airway smooth muscle. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) has anti-inflammatory activity by increase IL-10 and inhibit NF-κB into the nucleus. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) induces apoptosis. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) can be used for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research[1][2][3][4][5]. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) is a potent phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, adenosine receptor antagonist, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) inhibits PDE3 activity to relax airway smooth muscle. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) has anti-inflammatory activity by increase IL-10 and inhibit NF-κB into the nucleus. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) induces apoptosis. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) can be used for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research[1][2][3][4][5].

Catechol

C15H14O6 (290.079)

Catechin ((+)-Catechin) inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 1.4 μM. Catechin ((+)-Catechin) inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 1.4 μM.

(+)-Epicatechin

C15H14O6 (290.079)

Annotation level-1

Procyanidin B4

C30H26O12 (578.1424)

caryophyllene

C15H24 (204.1878)

A beta-caryophyllene in which the stereocentre adjacent to the exocyclic double bond has S configuration while the remaining stereocentre has R configuration. It is the most commonly occurring form of beta-caryophyllene, occurring in many essential oils, particularly oil of cloves. D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents β-Caryophyllene is a CB2 receptor agonist. β-Caryophyllene is a CB2 receptor agonist.

C20:1n-7

C20H38O2 (310.2872)

Paullinic acid is a long-chain fatty acid that has been detected in multiple biofluids, such as blood and urine.

Procyanidin A1

C30H24O12 (576.1268)

Procyanidin A1 (Proanthocyanidin A1) is a procyanidin dimer, which inhibits degranulation downstream of protein kinase C activation or Ca2+ influx from an internal store in RBL-213 cells. Procyanidin A1 has antiallergic effects[1]. Procyanidin A1 (Proanthocyanidin A1) is a procyanidin dimer, which inhibits degranulation downstream of protein kinase C activation or Ca2+ influx from an internal store in RBL-213 cells. Procyanidin A1 has antiallergic effects[1].

Catechin C

C15H14O6 (290.079)

C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant

FA 20:1

C20H38O2 (310.2872)

Paullinic acid is a long-chain fatty acid that has been detected in multiple biofluids, such as blood and urine.

AIDS-026330

C15H14O6 (290.079)

C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant

Antioxine

C10H14O (150.1045)

COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Carvacrol is a monoterpenoid phenol isolated from Thymus mongolicus Ronn., with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Carvacrol causes cell cycle arrest in G0/G1, downregulates Notch-1, and Jagged-1, and induces apoptosis[1]. Carvacrol is a monoterpenoid phenol isolated from Thymus mongolicus Ronn., with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Carvacrol causes cell cycle arrest in G0/G1, downregulates Notch-1, and Jagged-1, and induces apoptosis[1].

Harzol

C29H50O (414.3861)

C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28178 - Phytosterol > C68437 - Unsaturated Phytosterol D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1]. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1].

KB-53

C15H14O6 (290.079)

Catechin ((+)-Catechin) inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 1.4 μM. Catechin ((+)-Catechin) inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 1.4 μM.

Esdragon

C10H12O (148.0888)

Estragole (4-Allylanisole), a relatively nontoxic volatile terpenoid ether, is a major component of the essential oil of many plants. Estragole dose-dependently blocks nerve excitability[1]. Estragole displays anti-toxoplasma activity[2]. Estragole (4-Allylanisole), a relatively nontoxic volatile terpenoid ether, is a major component of the essential oil of many plants. Estragole dose-dependently blocks nerve excitability[1]. Estragole displays anti-toxoplasma activity[2].

teina

C8H10N4O2 (194.0804)

N - Nervous system > N06 - Psychoanaleptics > N06B - Psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics > N06BC - Xanthine derivatives D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D058905 - Purinergic Agents > D058914 - Purinergic Antagonists D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000697 - Central Nervous System Stimulants COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D010726 - Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47795 - CNS Stimulant D - Dermatologicals Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

Thesal

C7H8N4O2 (180.0647)

R - Respiratory system > R03 - Drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03D - Other systemic drugs for obstructive airway diseases > R03DA - Xanthines C - Cardiovascular system > C03 - Diuretics > C03B - Low-ceiling diuretics, excl. thiazides > C03BD - Xanthine derivatives D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents > D001993 - Bronchodilator Agents C78273 - Agent Affecting Respiratory System > C29712 - Anti-asthmatic Agent > C319 - Bronchodilator D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents

α-Copaene

C15H24 (204.1878)

Paullinic acid

C20H38O2 (310.2872)

Paullinic acid is a long-chain fatty acid that has been detected in multiple biofluids, such as blood and urine.

4-tert-Amylphenol

C11H16O (164.1201)

Procyanidin C2

C45H38O18 (866.2058)

A proanthocyanidin consisting of three (+)-catechin trimer joined by two successive (4alpha->8)-linkages.

n-(3,4-dihydroxy-1-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}tetradec-9-en-2-yl)tridecanimidic acid

C33H63NO9 (617.4503)

(2r,3r,4r)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-[(2r,3s)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2h-1-benzopyran-8-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2h-1-benzopyran-3,5,7-triol

C30H26O12 (578.1424)

[(2r,3s,4s,5r,6s)-5-{[(2s,3s,4r)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy}-3,4-dihydroxy-6-{[5-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-7-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]methyl acetate

C29H32O16 (636.169)

n-[(2r,3s,4r,12e)-1,3,4-trihydroxytetracos-12-en-2-yl]octadecanimidic acid

C42H83NO4 (665.6322)

(1r,2s,7s,8s)-8-isopropyl-1,3-dimethyltricyclo[4.4.0.0²,⁷]dec-3-ene

C15H24 (204.1878)

[(2r,3s,4s,5r,6s)-5-{[(2s,3r,4r)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy}-6-{[2-(3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-4-oxochromen-7-yl]oxy}-3,4-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate

C29H32O17 (652.1639)

[(2s,3s,4s,5r,6s)-5-{[(2s,3s,4r)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy}-6-{[2-(3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-4-oxochromen-7-yl]oxy}-3,4-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate

C29H32O17 (652.1639)

2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2h-1-benzopyran-8-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2h-1-benzopyran-3,5,7-triol

C30H26O12 (578.1424)

2-{[1-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-9a,11a-dimethyl-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,4h,6h,7h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-7-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

C35H60O6 (576.439)

n-[(2r,3s,4r,9e)-3,4-dihydroxy-1-{[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}tetradec-9-en-2-yl]tridecanimidic acid

C33H63NO9 (617.4503)

(2r,3s,4s)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-[(2r,3s)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2h-1-benzopyran-8-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2h-1-benzopyran-3,5,7-triol

C30H26O12 (578.1424)

limonene,

C10H16 (136.1252)

(4as,6as,6br,8as,12as,12br,14bs)-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,7,8,8a,10,11,12,12b,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a,14-diol

C29H48O2 (428.3654)

(2r,3r,4r)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-[(2r,3r)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2h-1-benzopyran-8-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2h-1-benzopyran-3,5,7-triol

C30H26O12 (578.1424)

stigmast-5-en-3-ol, (3β)-

C29H50O (414.3861)

(2r,3s,4s)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-[(2r,3r)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2h-1-benzopyran-8-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2h-1-benzopyran-3,5,7-triol

C30H26O12 (578.1424)

(5-{[3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy}-6-{[2-(3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-4-oxochromen-7-yl]oxy}-3,4-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl)methyl acetate

C29H32O17 (652.1639)

2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,7,8,8a,10,11,12,12b,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a,14-diol

C29H48O2 (428.3654)

(5-{[3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy}-3,4-dihydroxy-6-{[5-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-7-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl)methyl acetate

C29H32O16 (636.169)

[(2r,3s,4s,5r,6s)-5-{[(2s,3r,4r)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy}-3,4-dihydroxy-6-{[5-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-7-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]methyl acetate

C29H32O16 (636.169)

n-(1,3,4-trihydroxytetracos-12-en-2-yl)octadecanimidic acid

C42H83NO4 (665.6322)